1. Types (ASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 2012, 6.10.10.1.

1)
H
= 8.250 ≥ 4.00 ...... OK
d
in which :
H = 165.000 mm (height of stud)
d = 20.000 mm (diameter of stud)

3. Transverse Spacing (AASHTO LRFD Bridge, 2012, 6.10.10.1.3)

- Stud shear connectors shall not be closer than 4.0 stud diameters center-to-center transverse to the longitudinal axis of the supporting
member.
S use = 200.000 ≥ 4·d = 76.000 mm ...... OK

- The clear distance between the edge of the top flange and the edge of the nearest shear connector shall not be less than 25.4mm.
btf - (N-1)·S d
- = 50.0 ≥ 25.4 mm ...... OK
2.000 2
in which :
btf = 300.0 mm
N = 3.000 EA
S = 90.0 mm
d = 20.0 mm

4. Cover and Penetration (AASHTO LRFD Bridge, 2012, 6.10.10.1.4)

- The clear depth of concrete cover the tops of the shear connectors should not be less than 50.8mm
(ts + th ) - (H + tfc) = 85.0 ≥ 50.8 mm ...... OK
- Shear connectors should penetrate at least 50.8mm. into the concrete deck.
H - (th - tfc) = 165.0 ≥ 50.8 mm ...... OK
in which :
ts = 250.000 mm (thickness of concrete deck)
th = 30.000 mm (thickness from top of web to bottom of concrete deck)
tfc = 30.000 mm (thickness of top flange)
H = 165.000 mm (height of shear connector)

5. Strength Limit State

1) Factored Shear Resistance of a single shear connector (AASHTO LRFD Bridge, 2012, 6.10.10.4.1)
Qncal = 0.5Asc·√ (fc' Ec) = 134.508 kN
Qnlim = Asc·Fu = 122.460 kN
∴ Qn = min(Qncal, Qnlim) = 122.460 kN
Qr = Φse · Qn = 104.091 kN
in which :
fc' = 29.000 MPa
Ec = 25310.275 MPa
Asc = 314.000 mm 2
Fu = 390.000 MPa
Φse = 0.850
2) Nominal Shear Force (Positive Flexure, AASHTO LRFD Bridge, 2012, 6.10.10.4.2)
- Nominal Shear Force
P1p = 0.85fc' · bs · ts = 26190.6 kN
P2p = Fyw·D·tw + Fyt·bft·tft + Fyc·bfc·tfc = 40491.3 kN
∴ Pp = min( P1p, P2p) = 26190.6 kN
Fp = 0.000 kN
∴ P = √ [ (Pp)2 + (Fp)2 ] = 26190.6 kN
in which :
bs = 4250.000 mm (effective width of concrete deck)
ts = 250.000 mm (thickness of concrete deck)
bfc = 300.000 mm (width of compression flange)
bft = 1600.000 mm (width of tension flange)
tfc = 30.000 mm (thickness of compression flange)
tft = 30.000 mm (thickness of tension flange)
Fyw = 360.000 MPa (yield strength of web)
Fyc = 360.000 MPa (yield strength of compression flange)
Fyt = 360.000 MPa (yield strength of tension flange)
D = 2773.791 mm (height of web)
tw = 20.000 mm (thickness of web)

- Minimum number of shear connectors in positive flexure.

n = P / Qr = 252.000 EA
b = 6
n/b = 42 EA
s = L/n = 1428.571 mm
s terpasang = 250.000 mm ...... OK
2) Nominal Shear Force (Positive Flexure, AASHTO LRFD Bridge, 2012, 6.10.10.4.2)
- Nominal Shear Force
P1p = 0.85fc' · bs · ts = 26190.6 kN
P2p = Fyw·D·tw + Fyt·bft·tft + Fyc·bfc·tfc = 40491.3 kN
∴ Pp = min( P1p, P2p) = 26190.6 kN
Fp = 0.000 kN
∴ P = √ [ (Pp)2 + (Fp)2 ] = 26190.6 kN
in which :
bs = 4250.000 mm (effective width of concrete deck)
ts = 250.000 mm (thickness of concrete deck)
bfc = 300.000 mm (width of compression flange)
bft = 1600.000 mm (width of tension flange)
tfc = 30.000 mm (thickness of compression flange)
tft = 30.000 mm (thickness of tension flange)
Fyw = 360.000 MPa (yield strength of web)
Fyc = 360.000 MPa (yield strength of compression flange)
Fyt = 360.000 MPa (yield strength of tension flange)
D = 2773.791 mm (height of web)
tw = 20.000 mm (thickness of web)

- Minimum number of shear connectors in positive flexure.

n = P / Qr = 252.000 EA
b = 6
n/b = 42 EA
s = L/n = 1428.571 mm
s terpasang = 250.000 mm ...... OK
VII. Constructibility
1. Flexure
■ Positive moment
1) Design Forces and Stresses
Construction Stage : CS2
Step : 1
Mu (kN·m) / fc,t (MPa) Tu
Component
Steel Section Only (kN·m)
Force (+) 19170.140 0.000
Stress Top -172.254
-
(fbu ) Bot 120.913

2) Check slenderness of web (AASHTO LRFD Bridge, 2012, 6.10.6.2.3-1)

2 · Dc Es
= 76.710 ≤ 5.7 √ = 134.350 ...... Compact or noncompact Web
tw Fyc
in which :
Dc = 767.098 mm

3) Discretely Braced Flanges in Compression (AASHTO LRFD Bridge, 2012, 6.10.3.2.1)

① Check flange nominal yielding (6.11.3.2-3)
fbu = 120.913 ≤ Φf · Rh · Fyf · △ = 360.000 MPa ...... OK
in which :
Φf = 1.000
Rh = 1.000
fv
△ = √ 1-3 ( )
2
= 1.00000
Fyf
in Which :
T
fv = = 0.000 MPa
2 · A0 ·tf
A0 = 2775757.500 mm 2

② Check flexural resistance

fbu = 172.254 ≤ Φf · Fnc = 360.000 MPa ...... OK
in which :
Φf = 1.000
Fnc = 360.000 MPa

▪ Web Load-Shedding Factor, Rb (AASHTO LRFD Bridge, 2012, 6.10.1.10.2)

In constructibility (AASHTO LRFD Bridge, 2012, 6.10.3.2.1)
Rb = 1.000

▪ Local Buckling Resistance based on Stiffened Flanges (AASHTO LRFD Bridge, 2012, 6.11.8.2.3)
λf = bfc / tfc = 17.000
E·k
λp = 0.57 √ = 26.870
Fyc · △
E·k
λr = 0.95 √ = 53.526
Fyr
in which :
fv
△ = √ 1- 3( )2 = 1.00000 ( fv = T / 2 Ao tfc )
Fyc
A0 = 2775757.500 mm 2
Fyr = 252.000 MPa ( Fyc · (△ - 0.3) )
8 · Is
k = 　　( )
1/3
= 4.000 (1.0 ≤ k ≤ 4.0)
w · t3fc

Λf ＜ λp

Fnc = 360.000 Mpa

③ Check web bend buckling

For sections with compact or noncompact webs, shall not be checked.

4) Discretely Braced Flanges in Tension (AASHTO LRFD Bridge, 2012, 6.11.3.2)

▪ Flange Lateral bending Stress (AASHTO LRFD Bridge, 2012, 6.10.1.6)
3) Discretely Braced Flanges in Compression (AASHTO LRFD Bridge, 2012, 6.10.3.2.1)
① Check flange nominal yielding (6.11.3.2-3)
fbu = 120.913 ≤ Φf · Rh · Fyf · △ = 360.000 MPa ...... OK
in which :
Φf = 1.000
Rh = 1.000
fv
△ = √ 1-3 ( )2 = 1.00000
Fyf
in Which :
T
fv = = 0.000 MPa
2 · A0 ·tf
A0 = 2775757.500 mm 2

② Check flexural resistance

fbu = 172.254 ≤ Φf · Fnc = 360.000 MPa ...... OK
in which :
Φf = 1.000
Fnc = 360.000 MPa

▪ Web Load-Shedding Factor, Rb (AASHTO LRFD Bridge, 2012, 6.10.1.10.2)

In constructibility (AASHTO LRFD Bridge, 2012, 6.10.3.2.1)
Rb = 1.000

▪ Local Buckling Resistance based on Stiffened Flanges (AASHTO LRFD Bridge, 2012, 6.11.8.2.3)
λf = bfc / tfc = 17.000
E·k
λp = 0.57 √ = 26.870
Fyc · △
E·k
λr = 0.95 √ = 53.526
Fyr
in which :
fv
△ = √ 1- 3( )2 = 1.00000 ( fv = T / 2 Ao tfc )
Fyc
A0 = 2775757.500 mm 2
Fyr = 252.000 MPa ( Fyc · (△ - 0.3) )
8 · Is
k = 　　( ) 1/3
= 4.000 (1.0 ≤ k ≤ 4.0)
w · t3fc

Λf ＜ λp

Fnc = 360.000 Mpa

③ Check web bend buckling

For sections with compact or noncompact webs, shall not be checked.

4) Discretely Braced Flanges in Tension (AASHTO LRFD Bridge, 2012, 6.11.3.2)

▪ Flange Lateral bending Stress (AASHTO LRFD Bridge, 2012, 6.10.1.6)
Because of discretely braced tension flange.
Muz 620000000.000
fl = = = 3.697 MPa
Sl 1.677E+08

fl = 3.697 ≤ 0.6Fyf = 216.000 MPa ...... OK

① Check flange nominal yielding

fbu + fl = 124.611 ≤ Φf · Rh · Fyt = 360.000 MPa ...... OK
in which :
Φf = 1.000
Rh = 1.000
 VIII. Fatigue Limit State
■ Fatigue moment
1) Design Forces and Stresses
Loadcombination Name :
Mu (kN·m) / fc,t (MPa)
Component LCB
Steel Long-term Short-term Sum
Top(Tens.) - 0.000
Top(Cmp) - 17427.400 8614.370 26041.770
Forces
Bot(Tens.) - 17427.400 8614.370 26041.770
Bot(Cmp) - 0.000
Top(Tens.) - 0.000
Top(Cmp) - -156.595 -21.943 -178.538
Stresses
Bot(Tens.) - 109.921 39.669 149.590
Bot(Cmp) - 0.000

Loadcombination Name :
Vu
Component
(kN)
Shear Force 210.290

2) Load-Induced Fatigue (AASHTO LRFD Bridge, 2012, 6.6.1.2)

■ Top Flange

The stress from unfactored DL = -156.595 Mpa

The stress from fatigue LCB = 0.000 Mpa

Skip this check.

[ (The compressive stress from unfactored DL) > (The tensile stress from fatigue LCB)]

■ Bottom Flange

The stress from unfactored DL = 109.921 Mpa

The stress from fatigue LCB = 0.000 Mpa

Check Load-Induced
[The stressFatigue.
from unfactored DL is the tensile stress.]

No Category (ADTT) SL Number of stress (n)

1 B 17000.000 1.000

17000.000
(ADTT) SL = 20000.00 (ADTT) SL Equivalent to Infinite Life Table. 6.6.1.2.3-2 ( = 865.00 )
=> Check for fatigue I

For Fatigue I, according to Table 6.6.1.2.5-3 Constant-Amplitude Fatigue Thresholds

(ΔF) TH = 110.000 MPa
∴ (ΔF) n = (ΔF) TH = 110.000 MPa

γ(Δf) = 20.364 MPa ＜ (ΔF) n = 110.000 MPa ...... OK

3) Special Fatigue Requirement for Webs with transverse stiffeners (AASHTO LRFD Bridge, 2012, 6.10.5.3)
▪ Ratio of the shear-buckling resistance to the shear yield strength, C (AASHTO LRFD Bridge, 2012, 6.10.9.3.2)
shear-buckling coefficient of stiffened Webs
5
15.038
k = 5+ d0 =
( )2
D

D E·k
= 141.690 > 1.40 √ = 127.964
tw Fyw
therefore,
1.57 E·k
C = ·( )= 0.653
D Fyw
( )
2
tw

vu
V ui = = 210.290 kN
cosΘ
V ui = 210.290 kN ≤ V cr = 0.58 C · Fyw · D · tw = 7567889.9 kN ...... OK