A.

ANALYSIS AND EXPLANATION

1. The Influence of Concentration on Reaction Rate

In the first experiment is to testing the influence of concentration on

Reaction Rate. The first we prepare four beaker glass and then pouring each
of the beaker glass which have marked A, B, C, D with 1 5 ml of
Sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3). The A beaker glass added with Na2S2O3 1 M,
B beaker glass added with Na2S2O3 0,5 M, C beaker glass added with Na2S2O3
0,1 M, D beaker glass added with Na2S2O3 0,05 M. Every beaker glass added
with 5 ml HCl 0,5 M and than shake it until homogenous. Start the stopwatch
and stop when it look turbid. The reaction is:

Na2S2O3 (aq) + 2HCl (aq)→ 2NaCl (aq) + S (s) + SO2 (aq) + H2O(l)

Na2S2O3 and HCl are colourless solution. When Na2S2O3 added with
HCl become colourless solution. The solution on A glass with concentration 1
M need 3,50 second to changes from colourless solution become turbid
solution. The solution on B glass with concentration 0.5 M need 4,50 second
to changes from colourless solution become turbid solution. The solution on C
glass with concentration 0,1 M need 88,99 second to changes from colourless
solution become turbid solution. The solution on D glass with concentration
0,05 M need 153,88 second to changes from colourless solution become
turbid solution.

NO [Na2S2O3] M [HCl] M t (sekon) r = 1/t M/sekon

1 1 0,5 3,50 0,2857143

2 0,5 0,5 4,36 0,2293578
3 0,1 0,5 88,99 0,0112372
4 0,05 0,5 153,88 0,0064986
Table 1. Concentration In Reaction Rate
 Concentration and Reaction Rate
0.3

0.25

0.2
1/Time (s-1)

0.15

0.1

0.05

0
0.05 0.1 0.5 1
Concentration (M)

Graphic 1. The Influence Of Concentration In Reaction Rate

The influence of the concentration, the greater the concentration

(molarity higher value) then the number of particles in substances and the
possibility of collisions increases. The greater the possibility of collisions will
be easier for the reaction to take place (faster). KURANG REACTION LAW.

2. The Influence of Surface Area on Reaction Rate

The second experiment is testing the influence of surface area in

reaction rate. In the firstly take some grain marble, and then weighed using a
balance. In another crushed the marble become powder marble and weighed
until the mass same with mass of grain marble. After that adding grain marble
to first ballon and powder marble into second ballon, and set the ballon to the
flask which is added by 10 ml of HCl 1M. Starting the stopwatch when the
marble on the ballon fall into HCl solution and stopping the stopwatch when
the ballon filled by CO2 gasses, it can be indicate by the ballon is stand
upright. Repeating the experiment with marble powder. The reaction is

CaCO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq) → NaCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
 The reaction by using 0,2 gram of marble grain. And the HCl to be
colourless solution and CaCO3 is solid and the colour is white. The reaction
by using 0,2 gram of grain marble needs 1118,85 second to fill the ballon with
CO2. Meanwhile, the reaction by using 0,2 gram of powders just need 414,8
second to fill the ballon with CO2.

CaCO3 ( M ) Time ( s )
Grain 1118,85
Powder 414,8
Table 2. Surface Area In Reaction Rate

The surface area has a very important role in the reaction rate, the
smaller the particle size, surface area so that means the faster the reaction rate,
and vice versa, the larger the particle size, surface area means more narrow
touch so that the reaction rate is slower. This can happen because the larger
the surface area of the touch area between the particles, the collisions that
occur more and more, resulting in the faster the reaction rate. Likewise, if the
smaller the surface area of the touchpad, the smaller the inter-particle
collisions that occur, so that the reaction rate was getting smaller. Collisions
can produce an energy that exceeds the activation energy, so the more
collisions that occur the greater the kinetic energy produced, the faster the
reaction can take place.

3. The Influence of Temperature on Reaction Rate

The thirtd experiment is testing the influence of temperature on

reaction rate. The firstly, making A solution and B solution. In A solution, we
have to diluted 10 drops of H2C2O4 0,05M with water until the volume
become 10 ml, and to make solution B we diluted 10 drops of KMnO4 0,01M
with water until the temperature become 10 ml. Next, preparing 5 test tube.
And than added 5 drops of solution A and added with 5 drops of sulphuric
acid ( H2SO4) 0,01M in 5 test tube, recording the initial temperature. Adding
1 drops of B solution. Starting the solution is disappear. Repeating the
experiment for temperature 35, 40, 45, 50 by heating the tube which filled by
2 drops of solution A, 2 drops of sulphuric acid ( H2SO4) 0,01M using water
steam bath that was boiling. The reaction is :

2KMnO4 (aq) + 5H2C2O4 (aq) + 3H2SO4 (aq) → 2MnSO4 (aq) + K2SO4

(aq) +8H2O (l) + 10CO2 (g)

The colour of solution A is colourless solution, and B solution is

purple solution. The colour of H2SO4 is colouless, KMnO4 is purple solution,
and H2C2O4 is colourless solution. And the colour of H2C2O4 added with H2O
become colourless solution. The if H2SO4 become colourless solution, and if
added with solution B becomes pink until colourless solution. In the room
temperature (29°𝐶) need 264,2 second to the purple colour of KMnO4 become
disappearing. At the temperature 50°𝐶 need 4,20 second to the purple colour
of KMnO4 become disappearing. At the temperature 45°𝐶 need 64,53 second
to the purple colour of KMnO4 become disappearing. At the temperature 40°𝐶
need 125,8 second to the purple colour of KMnO4 become disappearing. And
at the temperature 35°𝐶 need 184,1 second to the purple colour of KMnO4
become disappearing.
 No Temperatur ( oC ) Time ( s ) 𝟏
( s -1)
𝒕

1 35 184,1 0,0054318

2 40 125,8 0,0079491

3 45 64,53 0,0154967

4 50 4,20 0,2380952
Table 3. Temperature on Reaction Rate

The Temperature on Reaction Rate

0.3
0.25
1/Time (s-1)

0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
35 40 45 50
Temperature (C)

Graphic 2 The influence of Temperature on Reaction Rate

By raising the temperature, the kinetic energy of the molecules of

substances that react will increase so that more molecules have energy equal
to or greater than Ea. Thus more molecules can reach the transition state or in
other words the reaction rate becomes larger. So the higher the temperature,
the rate of reaction will take place more quickly, and vice versa if the
temperature is lower then the rate reaction lasts longer.
4. The Influence of Catalyst on Reaction Rate

The fourth experiment is testing the influence of catalyst on reaction

rate. Firstly, dilute 10 drops of KMnO4 with water until the volume 10 ml.
Then, prepare the test tube and adding 2 drops of H2C2O4 with 2 drops of
sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and 1 drop KMnO4 dilute solution. Starting the
stopwatch when adding KMnO4 solution and the stop the stopwatch when the
purple colour of KMnO4 is disappear, repeat until 5 drops. The reaction is:

2KMnO4 (aq) + 5H2C2O4 (aq) + 3H2SO4 → 2MnSO4 (aq) + K2SO4

(aq) + 8H2O (l) + 10CO2(g)

In the first drops need 45,8 second for the solution become colourless,
in the second drop need 67,41 second still colourless, in the third drop need
84,97 second still colourless, in the fourth drop need 105,54 second still
colourless, and the last drops need 125,03 second and the solution becomes
soft pink again.

In the other reaction tube, adding 2 drops of H2C2O4 with 2 drops of

sulphuric acid (H2SO4), added 1 drop MnSO4 and 1 drop KMnO4 dilute
solution. Starting the stopwatch when adding KMnO4 solution and the stop
the stopwatch when the purple colour of KMnO4 is disappear, repeat until 5
drops. The reaction is:

2KMnO4 (aq) + 5H2C2 (aq) + 3H2SO4 (aq) + 2MnSO4 (aq) → 2MnSO4

(aq) + K2SO4 (aq) + 8H2O (l) + 10CO2 (g) + 2MnSO4 (g)

In the first drops need 2,65 second for the purple colour of KMnO4 is
disappear, in the second drops need 4,85 second still colourless solution, the
third drops need 6,10 second still colouless, fourth drops need 9,20 second
still colourless, and the last drops need 9,65 the solution become soft pink
solution.
 Without Catalyst  With Catalyst
KMnO4 Time KMnO4
Time ( s )
Drops (s) Drops
1 45,8 1 2,65
2 67,41 2 4,85
3 84,97 3 6,10
4 105,54 4 9,20
5 125,03 5 9,65

Catalyst In Reaction Rate

140
120
100
TIME (S)

80
60
40
20
0
1 2 3 4 5
without 45.8 67.41 84.97 105.54 125.03
with 2.65 4.85 6.1 9.2 9.65

Graphic 3 Influence Catalyst In Reaction Rate

In this experiment H2SO4 was added as a carrier acidic conditions, and

the second reaction tube was added catalyst MnSO4because basically the
catalyst does not undergo chemical changes at the end of the reaction, but can
undergo physical changes and the catalyst can affect the reaction but did not
react so he remains in the product the resulting namely in MnSO4.
 The function of the catalyst is to enlarge the reaction velocity (speed up
the reaction) to minimize the activation energy of a reaction and the formation
stages of a new reaction. By decreasing the activation energy at the same
temperature, the reaction can take place more quickly