EMF AWARENESS

email : sj.thakur@samsung.com
10 Nov 2016
Introduction
What is EMF and EMR?

EMF - Electro Magnetic Field is an invisible charge of force that is associated with the use of electricity.
Voltage in any wire creates an EMF around it. EMF is intangible - you cannot feel it, touch it, smell it or
see it. EMF is present wherever electricity is used - all electrical appliances emit some EMF.

EMR - Electromagnetic Radiation is the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves.

Electromagnetic waves are part of everyday life

- They are emitted by natural sources such as Sun and Earth.
- All Objects emit electromagnetic emission because of their temperature called as thermal
radiation.
- Man made sources of electromagnetic waves commonly used are electrical sources like washing
machines, mixers, ovens, dryers, televisions, computers, broadcasting towers, radio waves (RF
Waves) etc.

The Sun is the biggest source of Electromagnetic Waves in the atmosphere.

Human beings also emit Electromagnetic waves

- Even Human beings emit electromagnetic waves. Thus if we were to take a problem from the
legendary book on Physics by “Resnik and Halliday” (or any high school Physics Book using the
Wien’s Displacement Formula) and compute the wavelength emitted by human body at normal
temperature of 34°C (which is 307°K) and identify the region in the electromagnetic spectrum,
the answer would be 9.4μm and in the “Infra Red” region.
- Thus there is nothing to be afraid of electromagnetic waves
Electromagnetic Waves emitted by the Sun, Stars and Human Being

What devices emit EMF?

Any device that uses electricity emits some EMF - the questions are whether the amount of EMF it emits
is within recommended limits.

Radio waves are also electromagnetic waves like other sources of the same.

What are some sources of radiofrequency radiation?

RF EMR is produced by both natural and artificial sources. Natural sources like the sun, the earth and the
ionosphere all emit low level RF fields. Artificial sources of RF EMR are mainly used for
telecommunications purposes. Radio and television broadcasting, mobile phones, pagers, cordless
phones, police and fire department radios, point-to-point links and satellite communications all produce
RF EMR. Other sources of RF fields include microwave ovens, radar, industrial heaters and sealers, and
various medical applications.
Manmade Sources of Electromagnetic Waves

How is radiofrequency radiation measured?

RF EMR has both electric and magnetic field components. It is often convenient to express the strength
of the RF field in terms of each component. For example, the unit "volts per meter" (V/m) is used to
measure the electric field strength, and the unit "amperes per meter" (A/m) is used to express the
magnetic field strength. Another common way to characterize an RF field is by means of the power
density. Power density is defined as power per unit area and is expressed in units of watts per square
metre (W/m2) (or milliwatts per square centimetre, mW/cm2, or microwatts per square centimetre,
µW/cm2). The quantity used to measure how much RF EMR is actually absorbed by the body is called
the Specific Absorption Rate or SAR. The SAR is usually expressed in units of watts per kilogram (W/kg)
or milliwatts per gram (mW/g).

Protection against EMF - Can I protect myself from EMF?

Radio Waves have been on Earth since the day it was created. The Sun, Planets and the Stars all emit
Electromagnetic waves of different frequencies. What is important for us is to understand that whether
these Electromagnetic waves are harmful and what protection mechanism has been built for human
beings.

The ICNIRP Standards set limits for human exposure to RF EMR in the frequency range 3 kHz to 300 GHz.
The Standards also include requirements for protection of the general public and the management of
risk in occupational exposure, together with additional information on measurement and assessment of
compliance. Safety is achieved in three ways
 Inherently Low Energy of the RF Waves
leading to the Non-Ionizing nature

The decay in Power Density of RF Wave

with distance which makes their Power
miniscule in areas of Public Access

By the limit enforced by EMF Standard

followed across the World

Known Effects of RF Exposure

When biological tissue is exposed to sufficiently high levels of RF exposure, the tissue is heated and
damage may occur. The ICNIRP Radiation Protection Standard "FOR LIMITING EXPOSURE TO TIME‐
VARYING ELECTRIC, MAGNETIC AND ELECTROMAGNETIC
FIELDS (UP TO 300 GHZ)" is based on the well-established thermal effects of exposure to RF fields and is
followed across the world. The exposure limits are set well below levels where any significant heating
occurs. The Standard also sets limits for pulsed radiation that are intended to eliminate possible effects
where heating is not evident (non-thermal effects). Thus even if we stand right in front of the Antenna
we do not feel any heating effect.

Some research has indicated that non-thermal effects resulting from low-level RF exposure may also
occur. However, the existence of these effects and their implications has not been sufficiently
established to allow for them in the Standard.

It is most important to understand that the EMF standards limit the power emitted by Cellular
Antennae. These standards are applicable even on the roof top where the Mobile Towers are mounted.
Thus even the roof top has to be compliant to the standard for the RF Waves of all Operators added
together. While we must know the EMF Standards, what actually matters is the signal strength at the
point of measurement which is mostly thousands of times lower than the Standard.

Electromagnetic waves are divided into two categories - Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiations

Ionizing Radiations: Some electromagnetic waves carry so much energy that they have the ability to
break bonds between molecules. These are called ‘Ionizing Radiation’. Examples include gamma rays
given off by radioactive materials, cosmic rays and X-rays. Thus when we go to any hospital for an X-Ray
or for CT Scan we find a sign board stating that “CAUTION: X-Rays”. This is because X-Rays are ionizing
radiations.

Non-Ionizing Radiations: Electromagnetic waves that do not carry sufficient energy to break bonds
between molecules are Non-Ionizing Radiations. All man made sources of EMF generally fall under non
ionizing radiations. Also Non-Ionizing radiation are used safely in medical applications like MRI
(Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and Sonography. Both MRI and Sonography use radio waves.

Use of Radio Waves Safely in Medical Application – RF Waves are safely used across the World

Sonography Machine
MRI Scan

Body Area Network (BAN)

Safety Standards

Safety standards have been enforced for all types of Radiation (Ionizing as well as Non-Ionizing). As long
as the radiation levels are within the safety standards there is nothing to fear. Again it is emphasized
that Electromagnetic waves are a part of our lives ever since life started on the Earth.

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. The
electromagnetic spectrum extends from below the low frequencies used for modern radio
communication to gamma radiation at the short-wavelength (high-frequency) end, thereby covering
wavelengths from thousands of kilometers down to a fraction of the size of an atom. The limit for long
wavelengths is the size of the universe itself, while it is thought that the short wavelength limit is in the
vicinity of the Planck length.

Electromagnetic Spectrum is characterized by the frequency of the Electromagnetic wave. Thus the
electric supply in our homes and offices is at 50 Hertz (50 Hz). The unit of frequency is the cycles per
second that the Electromagnetic wave experiences and is named after the legendry physicist Heinrich
Rudolf Hertz (22 February 1857 – 1 January 1894), a German physicist who first conclusively proved the
existence of electromagnetic waves theorized by James Clerk Maxwell's electromagnetic theory of light.

Higher units of frequency are Kilo Hz (103), Mega Hz (106), Giga Hz (109), Tera Hz (1012), Penta Hz (1015)
and Exa Hz (1018).

We must mention here that FM 101 is actually FM radio at 101 MHz frequency.
 • RADIO WAVES HAVE FREQUENCY WHICH IS 6,00,000 TIMES LOWER
RADIO THAN SUN LIGHT.
WAVES

• SATELLITE TV LIKE TATA SKY, AIRTEL, DISH TV ETC. USE FREQUENCIES

SATELLITE TV WHICH ARE HIGHER THAN THOSE USED BY MOBILE TOWERS.

• ALL ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES UPTO SUN LIGHT FALL IN THE NON-

NON- IONIZING BAND WHICH CANNOT BREAK BONDS.
IONIZING

• X-RAYS AND GAMMA RAYS FALL IN THE IONIZING BAND AND CAN
IONIZING BREAK BONDS.

EMF and Mobile Telephony

Mobile Telephony uses radio frequency (RF) signals to transmit and receive information by using
extensive network of base stations. These Radio Frequency Signals are electromagnetic waves. The Base
Stations are further classified as Macro Cells or Mobile Towers as they are commonly referred to and as
Small Cells or Micro Cells or FEMTO Cells. Macro Cells are typically installed outdoors on rooftops or on
ground based towers for wider geographical coverage and thus emit higher powers. Small Cells are
typically installed indoors or outdoors for limited coverage and thus have lower power. The
Electromagnetic Spectrum consists in order of increasing frequency the following - Low Frequency
Waves, AM/FM Radio Waves, TV Broadcast, RF Waves used by Mobile Towers or Cell Sites, Satellite TV,
Infra Red Waves, Visible Light, Ultraviolet Waves, X rays and Gamma Rays. Thus RF waves have even
lower frequency than Visible Light and the effect of RF waves is a small subset of Visible Light (Sun Light).

Type of Towers used in Mobile Telephony

As discussed earlier, Mobile Telephony uses Radio Waves to transmit and receive information by using
extensive network of Base Stations. The Base Stations are further classified as Macro Cells or Mobile
Towers as they are commonly referred to and as Small Cells (In Building Solutions, Micro Cells, Femto
Cells). While the former are typically installed Outdoors on roof top or on ground based tower for wider
geographical coverage and thus emit higher power, the latter are typically installed Indoor or Outdoors
at lower height for limited coverage and thus have lower power.

Two types of Tower are generally used in Mobile Telephony for Macro Cells as also depicted in
photographs below

1. Ground Based Tower

2. Roof Top Tower

Ground Based Tower (GBT) Roof Top Tower (RTT)

Energy of the Photon

As we studied in our Class 12th Physics, all Electromagnetic Waves are constituted by an elementary
particle called as the Photon. Wavelength and frequency determine the characteristic of
Electromagnetic Field. Photons of higher frequency Electromagnetic Waves carry more energy than that
of lower frequency field. As per Planck’s equation the energy of a Photon (E) is proportional to the
frequency

E = hf

where “h” is called the Planck’s Constant and “f” is the frequency

The above equation tells us that the Energy of the Photon of RF Waves is 6,00,000 times lower than the
Energy of the Photon of Visible Light which is in the ratio of their frequencies. In other words as can be
seen from Table below the Photon of RF Wave has energy which is 0.0000021 times that of Sun Light.

Energy of Photons in eV and Comparison with Visible Light

RF waves Visible X rays Gamma Rays

Light
Energy of Photon 124,070
0.0000037 1.77 1,241
Ratio wrt Visible 70,012
Light 0.0000021 1 700

Photoelectric Effect

One of the classical ways of explaining the Energy of Photon is to study the Photoelectric Effect. The
photoelectric effect is the observation that many metals emit electrons when light shines upon them.
Electrons emitted in this manner may be called photoelectrons.

The photons of a light beam have a characteristic energy proportional to the frequency of the light as
discussed earlier. Albert Einstein showed that the Photoelectric Effect is possible only above a threshold
frequency above which the Energy of the incident Photon is adequate to dislodge an electron (typically
in the Ultraviolet band). If the photon energy is too low, the electron is unable to escape the material.
Since an increase in the intensity of low-frequency light will only increase the number of low-energy
photons sent over a given interval of time, this change in intensity will not create any single photon with
enough energy to dislodge an electron. Thus, the energy of the emitted electrons does not depend on
the intensity of the incoming light, but only on the energy (equivalently frequency) of the individual
photons.

The Solar Cell uses the Photoelectric Effect to generate electric current.

This theory explained to the World as how important is the frequency of the Electromagnetic Wave
since the Energy of its Photons depends on the same. The Radio Waves have frequency as 6,00,000
times lower than that of Light Waves and are thus incapable of producing any such effects which breaks
a bond.

The above explains that even light waves are not able to break a bond below a threshold frequency
and thus the RF Waves which have energy 600000 (Six Lakh) times lower than light waves are
harmless.
EMF Standards and EMF Compliance
A standard is a general term incorporating both regulations and guidelines and can be defined as a set of
specifications or rules to promote the safety of an individual or group of people. The ultimate goal of
health-based EMF standards is to protect human health.

A number of national and international organizations have formulated guidelines establishing limits for
occupational and residential EMF exposure. The exposure limits for EMF fields developed by the
International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) - a non-governmental
organization, were developed following reviews of all the peer-reviewed scientific literature, including
thermal and non-thermal effects.

Exposure, Emission and Measurement Standards

Exposure standards are basic standards of personal protection that generally refer to maximum levels to
which whole or partial body exposure is permitted from any number of EMF emitting devices.
Emission standards set various specifications for electrical devices and are generally based on
engineering considerations, e.g. to minimize electromagnetic interference with other equipment and/or
to optimize the efficiency of the device. Measurement standards describe how compliance with
exposure or emission standards may be ensured.

Adoption of ICNIRP Guidelines for Telecom Sector in India

World Map showing the EMF Standards followed (India has stricter Standard than Europe)

Most of the countries in world follow the ICNIRP (International Commission for Non Ionizing Radiation
Protection) and FCC (Federal Communications Commission USA).

ICNIRP is the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. It is a publicly funded

body of independent scientific experts consisting of a main Commission of 14 members, its Scientific
Expert Group and its Project Groups. The expertise is brought to bear on addressing the important
issues of possible adverse effects on human health of exposure to non-ionising radiation.

In the year 2008, India has adopted ICNIRP guidelines, but consequently, to be on safer side India has
revised the Guidelines and adopted further stringent guidelines (which are 1/10th of ICNIRP Guidelines,
as detailed below) and were made effective from 01/09/2012 and was applicable throughout the Union
of India.

(a) f /2000 W / m2 for the range 400 MHz to 2 GHz

(b) 1 W / m2 for the range 2 GHz to 300 GHz
with f as frequency in MHz,

Thus for 900 MHz the EMF limit is 0.45 W/m2 for India. The above Standards are applicable for all areas
of Public Access. For Occupational Areas of exposure for Technical Staff of Cellular Operator the limits
are set as 50 times higher than those for Public Access.
Therefore, India has adopted one of the safest EMF safety standards in the world with emission levels
more than 500 times lower than safe limits for its people across all age-groups.

The ICNIRP guidelines (and similar IEEE Guidelines) are endorsed by WHO (World Health Organization),
are internationally recognized, globally accepted and widely endorsed. A comparison of the
International Exposure Standards for RF field in various countries is – USA, Canada and Japan as 12
W/m2 , ICNIRP and European Union recommendation as 4.5 W/ m2, Australia as 9 W/m2 and India as
0.45 W/m2 (highest value for 900 MHz Band).

This makes them as ten times more stringent than 90% countries in the world.

It is mandatory for all the Telecom Operators across India to comply with these Guidelines. All the
Compliance to the EMF standards is ascertained using the following methods –
(c) Calculation Method based on ITU T recommendations
(d) Software Simulations Method for electromagnetic mapping
(e) Broadband Measurements
(f) Narrow Band for Frequency Selective measurements

Exposure Zones - the area surrounding a Base Station can be divided into 3 categories – Compliance
Zone where EMF Signals are below the Standards of public access, Occupational Zone for Employees and
Technicians of Cellular operator and the Exceedance Zone where the EMF Signals exceed the Safety
Standard. All areas of Public Access must fall in the Compliance Zone.
Energy of the Sun

The Power Density received from the Sun is 1300 Watts / m2. It reduces to 1000 Watts / m2 when it
reaches the Earth Surface.

Thus the EMF Standards are 2200 times lower than the Power Density received from the Sun (1000 /
0.45).

Let us see a case study done in Mumbai on a building wherein 4 operators were sharing a Cell Site.
 18.29 Years
of RF Energy
in floor below
2 Years of the Antenna 50 .81 Years
RF Energy at of RF Energy
20 m from at 100 m from
Antenna Antenna

One
Hour of
Sun's
Energy

Comparison of Energy Received from the Sun in One Hour to

RF Energy at Different Locations in the Worst Case Scenario
considered
The Energy received from the Sun in one hour has been compared with the RF Energy in 3 combinations-
1. At 20 m from the Antenna
2. In the Floor below the Roof Top housing the Antenna
3. At 100 m away from the Antenna

With an average human life of 80 years, the life time RF exposure at just 20 m in line of sight from the
antenna is equivalent to 40 hours in Sunlight, in the floor below as less than five hours in Sunlight and at
100 m is less than two hours of Sunlight.

RF Waves Properties

- RF Waves are like Sun Light, they decay very rapidly with distance and have very low energy
- RF signals decay very rapidly with distance. RF signals are inversely proportional to square of the
distance & frequency and at just 1 meter away from the antenna are one- thousandth (1/1000)
of the power emitted by the antenna and the RF signals at 10 meters away from the antenna are
one-hundredth of the signals at one meter from the antenna.
- The results shown are for 900 MHz for which the Standards have the lowest limit (f/2000) - thus
if the same is achieved then the limit for higher frequencies would automatically be achieved
- By the time it reaches the street below or the next building at 10 metres away, it is more than
1,00,000 times lower than the original emission value.
- Thus if the EMF Standards are complied with in front of the Antenna then at 10 metres away the
compliance is achieved by a further factor of 1,00,000 times.
- All of us have experienced that as we go indoors the RF signals become weaker and weaker.
-
 Distance 1m 2m 4m 8m 16m
RF Signal Decay Factor 0.001 1/4 th 1/16 th 1/64 th 1/256 th

The decay of RF Waves with distance can be thus shown as under – at 10 m it is 0.00001 times
emitted power

RF POWER DECAY FOR 900 MHz BAND WITH DISTANCE

Distance from 1m 2m 4m 8m 10 m 16 m
antenna
RF Signal 0.001 0.00025 0.0000625 0.000016 0.00001 0.000004
Decay Factor
wrt emitted
power
-
- Thus while the Standards are important, more critical is to assess the Power Density in actual
areas of Public Access wherein it falls below thousands of times lower than the Standard.
- As per measurements on the street in front of the Cell Sites – the Power Density is more than
1000 times lower than the EMF Standards and is in the range of µW/m2

POWER DENSITY MEASUREMENTS ON STREET JUST BELOW THE CELL SITE

Antenna Number
Height of Power Density Ratio of EMF
Site Name Lat Long above Operators Measured Standard With
Street at Cell (W/m2) Measurements
Level in m Site

Rachana 19.2185 72.9562 30 4 0.00039 1148

Kasam
Tower 19.1867 73.0461 33 4 0.00037 1233

Experts’ Speak

In a recent statement 24 Professors of IITs and other renowned Institutes have mentioned clearly that
Radio Waves are harmless.

Please Click here to see the Statement --- href<> hyperlink to the document

An expert panel consisting of Doctors and Scientists was constituted by Department of Telecom (DoT) in
compliance with orders of Honourable Allahabad High Court. The Panel submitted a report to the High
Court stating that the present prescribed precautionary EMF Safe Exposure limits are adequate.

Please Click here to see the Report --- href<> hyperlink to the document

World Health Organization (WHO) stated that “Studies to date provide no indication that
environmental exposure to RF fields, such as from base stations, increases the risk of cancer or any
other disease.” It is interesting to note that there are 3 mobile towers on the top of WHO Headquarters
in Geneva.

“The results from several of my acute and chronic exposure studies have revealed that RF radiation
emitted from mobile phones does not have sufficient energy to cause ‘breakage’ in the genetic material
in human and animal cells. Researchers in other parts of the world have also reported similar
observations.” - Dr. Vijayalaxmi, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Health
Science Center

“There are no definite adverse health effects from mobile phones or their base stations.” - British
Medical Association

“Present scientific evidence, as reviewed by standards setting organizations and other expert groups,
does not demonstrate health or safety risks from cellular and other communications transmitters.” -
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IEEE)

“Inspite of the fact that cell phones have been used by millions of people, no notable increase in cancer
or other effects have been recorded so far.” - Dr K S Parthasarathy former Secretary, Atomic Energy
Regulatory Board. He further requests the Telecom Minister to punish the scare mongers on cell towers.
DoT Complaint Redressal System

DoT has rolled out a Public Grievance Number for Mumbai wherein complaints regarding EMF Radiation
can be registered at 99 695 55000. DoT would then arrange a field visit at a prescribed fee of Rs. 4000/-
in addition, the Field Units of DoT (TERM Cells) carry out monthly audits and there are strict penalties for
non-compliance. Penalty of INR 10 Lakhs per Technology per location is levied in case any Cell site
exceeds the Safety Norms.

Wi-Fi Routers and Safety

The Radio Waves being used have very low energy and fall in the Non Ionizing Band (even Sun Light also
falls in the same band with much higher frequency and much higher energy than radio waves). The Sun
radiates most of its energy in the visible band and part of its energy in the Radio Band – thus Radio
waves are a part of nature and have been on earth ever since it was created. The Sun is the largest
source of Electromagnetic Waves in the atmosphere. Even human being emit electromagnetic waves
(mostly in the infra red band).
All electromagnetic waves are classified in two categories – Non Ionizing Band when their energy is not
sufficient to break a bond and Ionizing Band when their energy is sufficient to break a bond. In the Non
Ionizing category fall the AM Radio, Police Wireless, Sonography, MRI Scan, FM radio, TV (Doordarshan),
Mobile Radio & WiFi, Body Area Networks used by Doctors, Satellite TV, Infra Red, Sun Light etc and in
the Ionizing Band are the X-Rays and Gamma Rays.

The Power of these radio waves decays very fast with distance – at just one meter away it falls to less
than ten-thousandth of its emitted value for a frequency of 2.4 GHz used by WiFi Radios and then
decays further inversely as square of the distance. This makes the power as minuscule in areas of public
access.

The maximum power emitted is limited by the EMF standards issued by FCC (Federal Communications
Commission USA) and ICNIRP(International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection) and are
followed across the world including India.

In Case of WiFi the maximum emitted power varies between +10 dBm to + 20 dBm (Radio Waves use
the unit as dBm which is deci-Bell with reference to 1 milli-Watt) which corresponds to the range of 10
milli-Watt to 100 milli-Watt (average 50 milli Watt). This further decays with distance as explained above.
Thus by the time it reaches one meter away it is lesser by a factor of 10000 times and at two meters it is
lesser by a factor of 40000 times lower than the emitted value.

The ICNIRP standards put a limit on emitted power density as 10 W / sq m as the safe limit for the band
greater than 2 GHz in which the WiFi devices Operate. Also ICNIRP specifies that sources with Power
Less than 2 Watt are classified as inherently compliant to safety Standards. In this case the emitted
power is 50 milli watt which falls in the “inherently compliant” category. Thus the emitted powers are
200 times lower than the safe limit ( = 10 W / 50 milli watt) and at just one meter away are 2,000,000
times lower than the safe limit (as the power decays by 10000 times further).

Thus while the radio waves due their non ionizing band and extremely low energy are harmless with
their emitted power itself being 200 times lower than Safe Limit and as an extra precaution a distance of
one meter would achieve safety by a further factor of 10000 times .

Honey Bee Hives on Mobile Towers

Photographs of Bee Hives on our towers and bird nests on our towers to dispel the myths being
circulated that Radio Waves impact Bees

Photo1 - Site address: Gat no. 313/5,GTL GBT, Village Chinchpada, Tal Navapur, Dist Nandurbar, MH
 Honey Bee Hive

Photo2 - Tower at Pen in Raigad District of Maharashtra

Honey Bee Hive

on Tower at Pen
in Raigad
Maharashtra

Photo3 - Chindwara in MP
 Three Honey
Bee Hives at
Chhindwara
Site in
MPCG

The above photographs clarifies abundantly the myth being circulated that Radio Waves impact Bees.

Mobile Phones are Essential

From “Good to have” and “bare necessity”, the mobile phones have become an essential part of our life,
they provide us connectivity in times of emergency. As the World moves towards the next generation of
Mobile Phones i.e. 5G, we need to ensure that we keep pace and ensure that economic and social
growth system continue of which the Mobile technology is now an inherent part.

Conclusion

Thus RF wave’s energy is so low that strict adherence to these norms ensures there are no health
hazards. The ICNIRP Standard has a built in safety factor of ensuring that RF Waves Power Density is 50
times lower than safe limit. In India this Safety Factor has been made 500 times in the Standards itself.

The RF energy from a Cell Site installed on a building doesn’t radiate vertically down towards the top
floor and instead radiates horizontally in front of the antenna and doesn’t cause adverse health effects
on the residents of the buildings where mobile tower set up is installed as is also confirmed by actual
measurements.

Department of Telecom (DOT) has made it mandatory that even the rooftops housing the antennas are
compliant to the norms.

The RF field weakens very quickly as it moves away from the antenna and its power is minuscule (very
low) even as compared to Sun Light and reduces by 100,000 times by the time it reaches the street
below or the next building. This ensures that RF Power Density is lower by Lakhs of times than the Safe
Limit by the time it reaches the next building.

The Energy Received from standing in the Sun for One Hour is equivalent to that received at 20 mtrs
from antenna for Two years.

During night time with reduced voice and data traffic, the emitted power is generally half of that during
the day which is another salient feature built by default in all equipment.
With the safety aspect taken care of, we feel that there is absolutely no need for restricting the
installation of towers & Cell sites on schools and hospitals as the current guidelines provide added safety
margins for all sections of the population at all locations.

In times of emergency, all of us need the mobiles to communicate with our loved ones.

Please always think of the analogy with the Sun the next time we come across such misleading
information linking Mobile Towers to cancer.
Also we need to guide people about such misleading information being circulated.

Mobile Communications is a boon to the society and the world is making great strides in the same. India
has adopted more stringent standards than even European Countries and strict compliance is being
ensured for them as well.

Lastly, in the recent Uttaranchal floods with the help of telecom infrastructure, the stranded people
could communicate and many lives were saved due to the same. Some time back about 6 boys lost their
way in a National Wild Life Park, after many hours of struggle in this leopard infested jungle, one of the
boys could get some signal on his mobile and all of them got saved. No helpline numbers for fire/ safety/
medical help can be reached in emergency if we do not have mobile coverage. No internet site can be
reached as well.

This list is endless and goes on to say that from Luxury, to ‘Good to have’ to Bare necessity…mobile
phones have become integral part of our lives, as both life support and life management tool and these
would not work if cell towers are removed.