SCIENCE 4

SECOND QUARTER
DISEASES THAT AFFECT THE BONES
Prepared by CYCLONE GROUP CLASS-E8

I. OBJECTIVES
A. CONTENT STANDARDS
The learners demonstrate understanding of how the major internal organs such as
the brain, heart, lungs, liver, stomach, intestines, kidneys, bones, and muscles keep
the body healthy.

B. PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
The learner practices healthful habits to maintain proper functioning of the major
internal organs of the body.

C. LEARNING COMPETENCIES
1. Identify the diseases that affect the major organs of the human body.
S4LT-IIa-b-1
1.1. Identify the diseases that affect the bones.

II. CONTENT
A. Parts and Functions
1. Humans
1.1. Major organs of the body

B. REFERENCES: SCIENCE 4; CG, LM & TG; www.google.com

C. MATERIALS: pictures, charts, metacards, marker
III. LEARNING ACTIVITIES
A. ENGAGEMENT
1. REVIEW
a. Label the picture with its function.

M-

P-

M-

P-

S-
www.google.com
 A. ENGAGEMENT
2. MOTIVATION
a. Read:

RICKETS BONE INFECTION ARTHRITIS SCOLIOSIS OSTEOPOROSIS

b. Loop-a-word
R A N A R O U R O U S A L M A
N I C K I M I N A J A Y O U B
D S C O L I O S I S M O H M E
E T Y K L O Y D K H A S H M N
Y O U S E F B E N A Y T E D A
A T H R I T I S A S S E I M Y
N O E L T R S T R A Q O U E E
E E L E N A T R A Q U P E N A
B O N E I N F E C T I O N U R
D W A D I Z H O U H I R M I N
E L E N A E T T Y L O O E T Y
L O O V E E T T Y F O S R V R
A Y E D Y T O H O N M I S S U
H R E D A T F B U T R S F L Y
K H A L O Y F U D D D H M H M

KEY
R
I
S C O L I O S I S O
K S
E T
A T H R I T I S E
S O
P
B O N E I N F E C T I O N
R
O
S
I
S

B. EXPLORATION
1. Setting of standards.
2. Distribution of the activity cards.
3. Performing the activities.
4. Reporting the outputs.
 ACTIVITY 1
DISEASES THAT AFFECT THE BONES
SECTION ____________ GROUP ______________ DATE ________________
PROBLEM: WHAT CAUSES THE DISEASES OF BONES?
MATERIALS: pictures, model, flashcards, tape
DO THESE:
1. Read the science ideas.
2. Observe the pictures.
3. Describe the picture/cause of bone disease.

google.com

ANSWER THESE:
FILL IN THE BLANKS.
1. _______________ is caused by the gradual erosion of protective layer of cartilage.
2. In addition, the bones may develop g_______________
3. It is common among e_______________ people.
4. Discomfort is usually felt first in the ______________ and _______________
5. To lessen the discomfort, control of _______________ and adequate rest of the affected areas are
recommended.
6. _______________ is also helpful.
 ACTIVITY 1
DISEASES THAT AFFECT THE BONES
SECTION ____________ GROUP ______________ DATE ________________
PROBLEM: WHAT CAUSES THE DISEASES OF BONES?
MATERIALS: pictures, model, flashcards, tape
DO THESE:
1. Read the science ideas.
2. Observe the pictures.
3. Describe the picture/cause of bone disease.

google.com

ANSWER THESE:
FILL IN THE BLANKS.
1. A _______________ to the bone may start an infection.
2. _______________is spread on infected bones.
3. Bone infection can be treated by _______________.
4. _______________ is an antibiotic found effective in treating infections.
 ACTIVITY 1
DISEASES THAT AFFECT THE BONES
SECTION ____________ GROUP ______________ DATE ________________
PROBLEM: WHAT CAUSES THE DISEASES OF BONES?
MATERIALS: pictures, model, flashcards, tape
DO THESE:
1. Read the science ideas.
2. Observe the pictures.
3. Describe the picture/cause of bone disease.

www.google.com

ANSWER THESE:
FILL IN THE BLANKS.
1. _______________ is caused by the insufficient supply of vitamin D and lack of exposure to
sunlight.
2. It may lead to bowleggedness, _______________, and formation of bent and _______________.
3. _______________ is a condition that signals rickets.
4. Symptoms first appear from the age of _______________.
5. If rickets is detected earlier, it can be cured by diet containing _______________ and
_______________.
 ACTIVITY 1
DISEASES THAT AFFECT THE BONES
SECTION ____________ GROUP ______________ DATE ________________
PROBLEM: WHAT CAUSES THE DISEASES OF BONES?
MATERIALS: pictures, model, flashcards, tape
DO THESE:
1. Read the science ideas.
2. Observe the pictures.
3. Describe the picture/cause of bone disease.

www.google.com

ANSWER THESE:
FILL IN THE BLANKS.
1. _______________ is characterized by the abnormal curvature of the spine.
2. The spine is bending _______________ causing rotation of the vertebral bones.
3. A person with scoliosis suffers pain in the _______________ when he or she moves.
4. _______________ and _______________ are important.
5. In simple cases a _______________ is applied from the chest to the waist to reduce the curvature.
6. Sometimes _______________ is necessary to correct the defect.
7. Abnormal curvature of the spine is noticeable during _______________.
 ACTIVITY 1
DISEASES THAT AFFECT THE BONES
SECTION ____________ GROUP ______________ DATE ________________

PROBLEM: WHAT CAUSES THE DISEASES OF BONES?

MATERIALS: pictures, model, flashcards, tape
DO THESE:
1. Read the science ideas.
2. Observe the pictures.
3. Describe the picture/cause of bone disease.

www.google.com
ANSWER THESE:
FILL IN THE BLANKS.
1. _______________causes the bones to become weak and brittle.
2. The most common type is found only in _______________ person and in women who pass
through
menopause.
3. It is characterized by _______________ of the vertebrae which results in back pain, loss of height
and susceptibility to fracture
4. _______________, _______________supplements and _______________ tablets are used as prevention and
treatments.
5. _______________ and _______________ are important.
6. _______________ helps the body absorb the calcium and phosphorus it needs.
7. _______________ helps improve the bone strength.

C. EXPLANATION (USING A PICTURE)

1. What are the diseases that affect the skeletal system?
2. What is characterized by compression of the vertebrae which results to back pain
and loss of height?
3. When a bone is infected, what is spread to the bone?
4. What is characterized by an abnormal curvature of the spine?
5. What is caused by an insufficient supply of vitamin D and lack of exposure to
sunlight?
6. What is caused by gradual erosion of the protective layer of cartilage between the
bones at the joints?
D. ELABORATION
1. ABSTRACTION

D. ELABORATION
2. APPLICATION
a. FILL IN THE BOXES.

1. Bones become weak and brittle

2. Lack of vitamin D and exposure to sunlight

3. Abnormal curvature of the spine

4. Caused by bone injury

5. Gradual erosion of the protective layer of cartilage

 E. EVALUATION
☻ FILL IN THE BLANKS.

RICKETS BONE INFECTION ARTHRITIS SCOLIOSIS OSTEOPOROSIS

__________1. It is characterized by the compression of the vertebrae which results to back pain
and loss of height.
__________2. It happens when a bone is infected, what is spread to the bone.
__________3. It is caused by an insufficient supply of vitamin D and lack of exposure to sunlight.
__________4. It is caused by gradual erosion of the protective layer of cartilage between the bones
at the joints.
__________5. It is characterized by an abnormal curvature of the spine.

F. OTHER ACTIVITIES
1. MAKE A 10-WORD SLOGAN THAT SUGGESTS THE PREVENTION OF BONE
DISEASES IN A ¼ WHITE CARTOLINA.
 ACTIVITY 1
DISEASES THAT AFFECT THE BONES
DISEASES OF BONES
SCIENCE IDEAS

1. RICKETS – is caused by the insufficient supply of vitamin D and lack of exposure to sunlight.
• It may lead to bowleggedness, slow growth of bones, and formation of bent and
distorted bones.
• BOWLEGGEDNESS – a condition that signals rickets.
• Symptoms first appear from the age of 6 to 12 months.
• If rickets is detected earlier, it can be cured by diet containing vitamin D and exposure
to sunlight.

2. ARTHRITIS – is caused by the gradual erosion of protective layer of cartilage.

• In addition, the bones may develop growths.
• It is common among elderly people.
• Discomfort is usually felt first in the hips and knees.
• To lessen the discomfort, control of weight and adequate rest of the affected areas are
recommended.
•Physical therapy is also helpful.

3. SCOLIOSIS – is characterized by the abnormal curvature of the spine.

• The spine is bending sidewise causing rotation of the vertebral bones.
• A person with scoliosis suffers pain in the backbone when he or she moves.
• Early diagnosis and proper orthopedic care are important.
• In simple cases a cast is applied from the chest to the waist to reduce the curvature.
• Sometimes bone graft is necessary to correct the defect.
• Abnormal curvature of the spine is noticeable during adolescence.

4. BONE INFECTION – is caused by the bruise or injury to the bone

• PUS is spread to the infected bone.
•BONE INFECTION can be treated by antibiotic known as penicillin.

5. OSTEOPOROSIS – causes the bones to become weak and brittle.

• The most common type is found only in elderly person and in women who pass
through menopause.
• It is characterized by compression of the vertebrae which results in back pain, loss of
height and susceptibility to fracture
• Exercise programs, calcium supplements and fluoride tablets are used as prevention
and treatments.
• Vitamin D and magnesium are important.
• Vitamin D helps the body absorb the calcium and phosphorus it needs.
• Magnesium helps improve the bone strength.