A yield strength or yield point is the material property defined as the stress at which a

material begins to deform plastically. Prior to the yield point the material will deform
elastically and will return to its original shape when the applied stress is removed.

Elastic limit, maximum stress or force per unit area within a solid material that can arise before
the onset of permanent deformation. When stresses up to the elastic limit are removed,
the material resumes its original size and shape.

Elasticity (physics) In physics, elasticity (from Greek ἐλαστός "ductible") is the ability of a body
to resist a distorting influence or deforming force and to return to its original size and
shape when that influence or force is removed. Solid objects will deform when adequate
forces are applied on them.

Hardness is a measure of how resistant solid matter is to various kinds of permanent shape change
when a compressive force is applied. Some materials (e.g. metals) are harder than others
(e.g. plastics). Macroscopic hardness is generally characterized by strong intermolecular
bonds, but the behavior of solid materials under force is complex; therefore, there are
different measurements of hardness: scratch hardness, indentation hardness, and rebound
hardness.

Hardness is a measure of how resistant solid matter is to various kinds of permanent shape change
when a compressive force is applied. Some materials (e.g. metals) are harder than others (e.g.
plastics). Macroscopic hardness is generally characterized by strong intermolecular bonds, but the
behavior of solid materials under force is complex; therefore, there are different measurements of
hardness: scratch hardness, indentation hardness, and rebound hardness.
Hardness is dependent
on ductility, elastic stiffness, plasticity, strain, strength, toughness, viscoelasticity, and viscosity.
Ultimate tensile strength (UTS), often shortened to tensile strength (TS) or ultimate
strength, is the capacity of a material or structure to withstand loads tending to
elongate, as opposed to compressive strength, which withstands loads tending to
reduce size.

In materials science and metallurgy, toughness is the ability of a material to absorb energy and
plastically deform without fracturing. One definition of material toughnessis the amount
of energy per unit volume that a material can absorb before rupturing.