A BÍBLIA DO CARRO

&RS\ULJKW&'LUHLWRVUHVHUYDGRVHUHJLVWUDGRVSHORHVFULWRU3DXOR*&RVWD




Motor
2PRWRUpDIRQWHGHHQHUJLDGRDXWRPyYHO&RQYHUWHDHQHUJLDFDORUtILFDSURGX]LGD
SHOD FRPEXVWmR GD JDVROLQD HP HQHUJLD PHFkQLFD FDSD] GH LPSULPLU PRYLPHQWR
QDV URGDV 2 FDUEXUDQWH QRUPDOPHQWH FRQVWLWXtGR SRU XPD PLVWXUD GH JDVROLQD H
DUDPLVWXUDJDVRVDpTXHLPDGRQRLQWHULRUGRVFLOLQGURVGRPRWRU

$PLVWXUDJDVRVDpIRUPDGDQRFDUEXUDGRURXFDOFXODGDSHODLQMHomRHOHWU{QLFDQRV
PRWRUHV PDLVPRGHUQRVH DGPLWLGD QDV FkPDUDVGH H[SORVmR 2V SLVW}HV TXHVH
GHVORFDP GHQWUR GRV FLOLQGURV FRPSULPHP D PLVWXUD TXH p GHSRLV LQIODPDGD SRU
XPDYHODGHLJQLomR¬PHGLGDTXHDPLVWXUDVHLQIODPDH[SDQGHVHHPSXUUDQGR
RSLVWmRSDUDEDL[R

2 PRYLPHQWR GRV SLVW}HV SDUD FLPD H SDUD EDL[R p FRQYHUWLGR HP PRYLPHQWR
URWDWLYR SHOR YLUDEUHTXLPRX HL[RGH PDQLYHODVR TXDOSRU VHX WXUQRR WUDQVPLWH
jVURGDVDWUDYpVGDHPEUHDJHPGDFDL[DGHFkPELRGRHL[RGHWUDQVPLVVmRHGR
GLIHUHQFLDO 2V SLVW}HV HVWmR OLJDGRV DR YLUDEUHTXLP SHODV ELHODV 8PD iUYRUH GH
FDPHV WDPEpP FRQKHFLGD SRU iUYRUH GH FRPDQGR GH YiOYXODV PRYLGD SHOR
YLUDEUHTXLP DFLRQD DV YiOYXODV GH DGPLVVmR H HVFDSDPHQWR VLWXDGDV JHUDOPHQWH
QDSDUWHVXSHULRUGHFDGDFLOLQGUR
$HQHUJLDLQLFLDOQHFHVViULDSDUDSRURPRWRUHPPRYLPHQWRpIRUQHFLGDSHORPRWRU
GH DUUDQTXH (VWH HQJUHQD QXPD FUHPDOKHLUD TXH HQYROYH R YRODQWH GR PRWRU
FRQVWLWXtGRSRUXPGLVFRSHVDGRIL[DGRjH[WUHPLGDGHGRYLUDEUHTXLPRXiUYRUHGH
PDQLYHODV
2 YRODQWH GR PRWRU DPRUWHFH RV LPSXOVRV EUXVFRV GRV SLVW}HV H RULJLQD XPD
URWDomRUHODWLYDPHQWHVXDYHDRYLUDEUHTXLP'HYLGRDRFDORUJHUDGRSRUXPPRWRU
GHFRPEXVWmRLQWHUQDDVSHoDVPHWiOLFDVTXHHVWmRHPFRQWtQXRDWULWRHQJULSDULDP
VHQmRKRXYHVVHXPVLVWHPDGHDUUHIHFLPHQWR
3DUD HYLWDU GHVJDVWHV H DTXHFLPHQWR H[FHVVLYRV R PRWRU LQFOXL XP VLVWHPD GH
OXEULILFDomR 2 yOHR DUPD]HQDGR QR FiUWHU VRE R EORFR GR PRWRU p REULJDGR D
FLUFXODU VRE SUHVVmR DWUDYpV GH WRGDV DV SHoDV GR PRWRU TXH QHFHVVLWDP GH
OXEULILFDomR




Basico

$ HVWUXWXUD GR PRWRU GHYH VHU VXILFLHQWHPHQWH UtJLGD SDUD SRGHU VXSRUWDU DV
HOHYDGDV SUHVV}HV D TXH HVWmR VXMHLWRV RV PDQFDLV GR YLUDEUHTXLP H DV GHPDLV
SHoDV LQWHUQDV e FRQVWLWXtGD EDVLFDPHQWH SRU GXDV SDUWHV OLJDGDV SRU PHLR GH
SDUDIXVRVDVXSHULRUFKDPDGDGHFDEHoRWHGRPRWRUHDLQIHULRUFKDPDGDGHEORFR
GRPRWRUTXHFRQWpPRYLUDEUHTXLP7DQWRRFDEHoRWHFRPRREORFRSRGHPVHUGH
IHUURIXQGLGRHPERUDWDPEpPVHXWLOL]HRDOXPtQLRQDVXDIDEULFDomRSRUVHUPDLV
OHYHHSHUPLWLUXPDPHOKRUGLVVLSDomRGRFDORU
$WXDOPHQWH TXDVH WRGRV RV PRWRUHV DSUHVHQWDP DV YiOYXODV QR FDEHoRWH 1R
FDEHoRWHGRPRWRUH[LVWHSDUDFDGDFLOLQGUR XPDFkPDUDGHH[SORVmRXPFROHWRU
GH DGPLVVmR XP FROHWRU GH HVFDSDPHQWR XPD YiOYXOD GH HVFDSDPHQWR XPD
YiOYXODGHDGPLVVmRHXPRULItFLRFRPURVFDSDUDRDORMDPHQWRGDYHOD

2 PRWRU UHFHEH D PLVWXUD JDVRVD DWUDYpV GDV YiOYXODV GH DGPLVVmR H H[SHOH RV
JDVHV UHVXOWDQWHV GD FRPEXVWmR DWUDYpV GDV YiOYXODV GH HVFDSDPHQWR 2
PHFDQLVPRGHDEHUWXUDHIHFKDPHQWRGDVYiOYXODVVLWXDVHQRUPDOPHQWHQDSDUWH
VXSHULRUGRFDEHoRWHGRPRWRU




1REORFRGRPRWRUHQFRQWUDPVHRVFLOLQGURVHRVPDQFDLVGRYLUDEUHTXLPQRTXDO
HVWmR OLJDGDV DV ELHODV TXH SRU VXD YH] HVWmR OLJDGDV DRV SLVW}HV 2 EORFR GR
PRWRU SRGH DLQGD DORMDU D iUYRUH GH FRPDQGR R TXDO FRPDQGD R DEULU H R IHFKDU
GDVYiOYXODV
¬V YH]HV D iUYRUH GH FRPDQGR HVWi DORMDGD QR FDEHoRWH GR PRWRU 7DQWR R
FDEHoRWHFRPRREORFRGRPRWRUFRQWpPXPDVpULHGHGXWRVGHQRPLQDGRVFkPDUDV
GHiJXDQRVTXDLVFLUFXODDiJXDGHDUUHIHFLPHQWR











Tempo de explosão




 





$ HQHUJLD FDORUtILFD UHVXOWDQWH GD FRPEXVWmR GD PLVWXUD JDVRVD FRQYHUWHVH HP
HQHUJLD PHFkQLFD SRU LQWHUPpGLR GRV SLVW}HV ELHODVH YLUDEUHTXLP 2 UHQGLPHQWR
GR PRWRU GHSHQGH GD TXDQWLGDGH GH HQHUJLD FDORUtILFD TXH p WUDQVIRUPDGD HP
HQHUJLDPHFkQLFD
4XDQWR PDLRU IRU R YROXPH GD PLVWXUD GH JDVROLQD H DU DGPLWLGD QR FLOLQGUR H D
FRPSUHVVmR GHVVD PLVWXUD PDLRU VHUi D SRWrQFLD HVSHFtILFD GR PRWRU $ UHODomR
HQWUH RV YROXPHV GD PLVWXUD JDVRVD QR FLOLQGUR DQWHV H GHSRLV GD FRPSUHVVmR p
GHVLJQDGDSRUWD[DRXUHODomRGHFRPSUHVVmR
4XDQGRDIDtVFDGDYHODGHLJQLomRLQIODPDDPLVWXUDFRPSULPLGDDH[SORVmRGHYH
SURSDJDUVH UDSLGDPHQWH SURJUHVVLYD H XQLIRUPHPHQWH QD FDEHoD GR SLVWmR TXH
OLPLWDDFkPDUDGHH[SORVmR6HDWD[DGHFRPSUHVVmRIRUGHPDVLDGDHOHYDGDSDUD
RWLSRGHJDVROLQDXWLOL]DGDDFRPEXVWmRQmRVHUiSURJUHVVLYD$SDUWHGDPLVWXUD
TXHVHHQFRQWUDUPDLVDIDVWDGDGDYHODGHLJQLomRYDLVHLQIODPDUYLROHQWDPHQWHRX
GHWRQDUi4XDQGRVXFHGHWDOIDWRRXTXDQGRRPRWRUWHPPXLWRDYDQoRFRVWXPD
VHGL]HUTXHRPRWRU³JULOD´RXHVWiDGLDQWDGR
(VWD GHWRQDomR SRGHUi FDXVDU XP DTXHFLPHQWR H[FHVVLYR DOpP GH SHUGD GH
UHQGLPHQWR H FDVR SHUVLVWD GDQLILFDUi R PRWRU 2 H[FHVVLYR DTXHFLPHQWR H D
GLPLQXLomR GH UHQGLPHQWR QXP PRWRU SRGH UHVXOWDU QD SUpLJQLomR DXWRLJQLomR
RXVHMDLQIODPDomRGHSDUWHGDPLVWXUDDQWHVGHVROWDUDIDtVFDGHYLGRjH[LVWrQFLD
GHYHODVGHIHLWXRVDVRXGHYDORUWpUPLFRLQDGHTXDGRRXDWpPHVPRjSUHVHQoD±QD
FkPDUD GH H[SORVmR ± GH GHSyVLWRV GH FDUYmR TXH VH PDQWrP FRQWLQXDPHQWH
LQFDQGHVFHQWHV $SUpLJQLomR WDO FRPR DGHWRQDomRSRGH FDXVDU JUDYHV GDQRV H
UHGX]DSRWrQFLDGRPRWRU
2VPRWRUHVGHDXWRPyYHLVHPVXDJUDQGHPDLRULDWrPXPFLFORGHIXQFLRQDPHQWR
GH  WHPSRV RX FLFOR 2WWR &RPR DV YiOYXODV GH DGPLVVmR HHVFDSDPHQWR GHYHP
DEULUVHXPDYH]HPFDGDFLFORDiUYRUHGHFRPDQGRTXHDVDFLRQDJLUDDPHWDGH
GD YHORFLGDGHGH URWDomR GR YLUDEUHTXLP D TXDO FRPSOHWD GXDVURWDo}HV HP FDGD
FLFOR 7DPEpP H[LVWHP PRWRUHV GH  WHPSRV QRV TXDLV VH Gi XPD H[SORVmR FDGD
YH] TXH R SLVWmR GHVFH RX VHMD XPD YH] HP FDGD URWDomR GR YLUDEUHTXLP (VWH
FLFOREDVLFDPHQWH PDLVVLPSOHV GR TXH R FLFOR GH  WHPSRV p PXLWR XWLOL]DGR HP
PRWRFLFOHWDV




  







Força motriz
$R SURGX]LUVH D FRPEXVWmR H[SORVmR GD PLVWXUD GH JDVROLQD H DU RV SLVW}HV
LPSXOVLRQDGRV SHOD H[SDQVmR GRV JDVHV RULJLQDP D IRUoD PRWUL] GR PRWRU 1XP
DXWRPyYHO GH GLPHQV}HV PpGLDV TXDQGR R PRWRU WUDEDOKD j YHORFLGDGH Pi[LPD
FDGDSLVWmRSRGHUiFKHJDUDHIHWXDUFXUVRVS{UVHJXQGR

'HYLGR D HVWD UiSLGD VXFHVVmR GH PRYLPHQWRV DVFHQGHQWHV H GHVFHQGHQWHV RV

SLVW}HVGHYHUmRVHUUHVLVWHQWHVHPERUDIDEULFDGRVFRPPDWHULDOOHYHXPDOLJDGH
DOXPtQLRQDPDLRULDGRVDXWRPyYHLVPRGHUQRV




2V DQpLV GRV SLVW}HV YHGDP D IROJD H[LVWHQWH HQWUH RV SLVW}HV H D SDUHGH GR
FLOLQGUR2VDQpLVGHFRPSUHVVmRTXHQRUPDOPHQWHVmRGRLVHYLWDPTXHRVJDVHV
SDVVHP GR FLOLQGUR SDUD R &DUWHU HQTXDQWR XP WHUFHLUR DQHO UDVSDGRU GH yOHR
UHPRYH R H[FHVVR GH yOHR OXEULILFDQWH GDV SDUHGHV GR FLOLQGUR H GHYROYHR DR
&DUWHU

$ IRUoD PRWUL] p WUDQVPLWLGD GRV SLVW}HV H YLUDEUHTXLP TXH MXQWDPHQWH FRP DV
ELHODV D FRQYHUWH HP PRYLPHQWR URWDWLYR $V ELHODV VmR QRUPDOPHQWH GH DoR
IRUMDGR

$ SDUWHVXSHULRU GD ELHODGHQRPLQDGD Sp GDELHOD HVWi IL[DGDDR SLVWmR SRU PHLR
GHXPSLQRTXHSHUPLWHjELHODRVFLODUODWHUDOPHQWHHQTXDQWRVHPRYHSDUDFLPDH
SDUDEDL[R2SLQRGRSLVWmRpQRUPDOPHQWHRFRDILPGHSHVDUPHQRVHHQFRQWUD
VH IL[DGR DR SLVWmR SRU PHLR GH WUDYDV RX SUHQVDGRV $ SDUWH LQIHULRU GD ELHOD D
FDEHoD GD ELHOD HVWi SDUDIXVDGD DR YLUDEUHTXLP ID]HQGR XPD WUDMHWyULD FLUFXODU
HQTXDQWRRSpGDELHODVHJXHRPRYLPHQWRGHYDLHYHPGRSLVWmR8PDFDEHoDGD
ELHODSRGHWHUPLQDUQXPDVHVVmRKRUL]RQWDORXREOtTXD




2 YRODQWH GR PRWRU GLVFR SHVDGR H FXLGDGRVDPHQWH HTXLOLEUDGR PRQWDGR QD
H[WUHPLGDGH GR YLUDEUHTXLP GR ODGR GD FDL[D GH FkPELR IDFLOLWD R IXQFLRQDPHQWR
VXDYHGRPRWRUMiTXHPDQWpPXQLIRUPHRPRYLPHQWRGHURWDomRGRYLUDEUHTXLP
2V EUXVFRV PRYLPHQWRV DOWHUQDWLYRV GH VXELGD H GHVFLGD GRV SLVW}HV RFRUUHP
HQTXDQWRDLQpUFLDGRYRODQWHPDQWpPDXQLIRUPLGDGHGRPRYLPHQWRURWDWLYR

$ RUGHP GH LJQLomR GRV FLOLQGURV WDPEpP LQIOXL JUDQGHPHQWH QD VXDYLGDGH GD
URWDomR GR YLUDEUHTXLP &RQVLGHUDQGR R FLOLQGUR PDLV SUy[LPR GR YHQWLODGRU
Q~PHURDRUGHPGHH[SORVmRQXPPRWRUGHFLOLQGURVpQRUPDOPHQWH
RX     SDUD SHUPLWLU XPD GLVWULEXLomR HTXLOLEUDGD GRV HVIRUoRV QR
YLUDEUHTXLP

2GHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHSLVW}HVELPHWiOLFRVGHGLODWDomRFRQWURODGDpXPDGDVPDLV
LPSRUWDQWHVHPHQRVFRQKHFLGDVLQRYDo}HVGRVPRWRUHVDWXDLV(VWHWLSRGHSLVWmR
JUDoDV D LQVHUo}HV GH DoR QR SUySULR DOXPtQLR GR FRUSR GR SLVWmR DVVHJXUD XPD
PDLRU HVWDELOLGDGH GLPHQVLRQDO (P RXWUDV SDODYUDV UHGX]HP DV GHIRUPDo}HV GR
SLVWmRFRPRFRQVHTrQFLDGDVWURFDVGHWHPSHUDWXUD

(VWD YDQWDJHP SHUPLWH UHGX]LU DV WROHUkQFLDV RX IROJDV HQWUH SLVWmR H FLOLQGUR
PHOKRUDQGRDVVLPDYHGDomRGRFRQMXQWRHDFRPSUHVVmRHIHWLYD

2XWURGHWDOKH LPSRUWDQWHQRFRQMXQWRDOWHUQDWLYR pD UHGXomRGRSHVRGRSLVWmR H

GDVXSHUItFLHGHFRQWDWRFRPRFLOLQGUR2VSLVW}HVGHVDLDXOWUDFXUWDHSHVRPtQLPR
SHUPLWHP VHQVtYHLV PHOKRUDV DR UHGX]LUVH SRU XP ODGR DV IRUoDV GH LQpUFLD TXH
HTXLYDOHPDFRQVXPRGHHQHUJLD±GLPLQXLQGRVHDRPHVPRWHPSRRVDWULWRVRX
UHVLVWrQFLDV SDVVLYDV QD IULFomR GR SLVWmR FRP R FLOLQGUR (VWDV YDQWDJHQV IRUDP
FRPSOHPHQWDGDVHPPXLWRVFDVRVFRPDQpLVGHPDWHULDLVGHEDL[RFRHILFLHQWHGH
DWULWR H FDPLVDV GH FLOLQGUR GH PDWHULDLV RX DFDEDPHQWRV HVSHFLDLV GHVHQYROYLGRV
FRPDPHVPDILQDOLGDGHGHUHGX]LUUHVLVWrQFLDVSDVVLYDV

Bloco do motor
2V EORFRV VmR QD VXD PDLRULD GH IHUUR IXQGLGR PDWHULDO UHVLVWHQWH HFRQ{PLFR H
IiFLO GH WUDEDOKDU QD SURGXomR HP VpULH $ UHVLVWrQFLD GR EORFR SRGH VHU
DXPHQWDGDVHIRUXWLOL]DGDQDVXDIDEULFDomRXPDOLJDGHIHUURIXQGLGRFRPRXWURV
PHWDLV




$OJXQVEORFRVGHPRWRUVmRIDEULFDGRVFRPOLJDVGHPHWDLVOHYHVRTXHGLPLQXLR
SHVRHDXPHQWDDGLVVLSDomRFDORUtILFDVmRFRQWXGRGHSUHoRPDLVHOHYDGR&RPR
VmR WDPEpP PDLVPDFLRV SDUDUHVLVWLU DRV DWULWRV GRV SLVW}HV RV FLOLQGURV GHVVHV
EORFRVWrPGHVHUUHYHVWLGRVFRPFDPLVDVGHIHUURIXQGLGR$FDPLVDFkPDUDGH
iJXD ± FRQMXQWR GH FRQGXWRUHV TXH DWUDYpV GRV TXDLV FLUFXOD D iJXD GH
UHVIULDPHQWRGRVFLOLQGURV±pQRUPDOPHQWHIXQGLGDFRPREORFRGRTXDOID]SDUWH
LQWHJUDQWH











Cabeçote





3RGHP VXUJLU UDFKDGXUDV QR EORFR HP FRQVHTrQFLD GD SUHVVmR FDXVDGD SHOR
DXPHQWRGHYROXPHGDiJXDDRFRQJHODURXHEROXLU3RUYH]HVHVVDGLODWDomRSRGH
FKHJDU D GHVDORMDU RV VHORV TXH YHGDP RV IXURV UHVXOWDQWHV GD IXQGLomR 2V
FLOLQGURV SRGHP VHU GLVSRVWRV QXPD Vy ILOD HP VHQWLGR ORQJLWXGLQDO PRWRUHV HP
OLQKD HP GXDV ILODV IRUPDQGR XP kQJXOR HQWUH VL PRWRUHV HP 9 RX
KRUL]RQWDOPHQWH H HP GXDV ILODV XPD GH FDGD ODGR GR YLUDEUHTXLP PRWRU GH
FLOLQGURVKRUL]RQWDLVRSRVWRV1RVPRWRUHVGHHFLOLQGURVHVWHVQDVXDPDLRULD
HVWmRGLVSRVWRVHPOLQKD
4XDQWR PDLRU IRU R Q~PHUR GH FLOLQGURV GH XP PRWRU PDLV VXDYH VHUi R VHX
IXQFLRQDPHQWR VREUHWXGR D EDL[D URWDomR 1D PDLRULD GRV DXWRPyYHLV GH JUDQGH
FLOLQGUDGDRXFLOLQGURVUHFRUUHVHjGLVSRVLomRHP9
6mR SRXFRV HP WHUPRV GH SRUFHQWDJHP RV PRWRUHV TXH XWLOL]DP R VLVWHPD GH
FLOLQGURVKRUL]RQWDLVRSRVWRV


$VYiOYXODVGHHVFDSHVmRHOHPHQWRVVXMHLWRVHPWRGRVRVPRWRUHVDVROLFLWDo}HV
WpUPLFDV UHDOPHQWH HOHYDGDV 2V IDEULFDQWHV DR SURMHWDUHP RV FDEHoRWHV H DV
FkPDUDV GH FRPSUHVVmR OHYDUDP HP FRQVLGHUDomR HVVH SUREOHPD FRQWRUQDQGRR
PHGLDQWH XPD UtJLGD UHIULJHUDomR GD ]RQD GR FDEHoRWH RQGH HVWmR LQVHULGDV DV
JXLDVGHYiOYXODVHDXPHQWRWDPEpPDiUHDVGHDVVHQWRGDFDEHoDGDYiOYXOD QR
FDEHoRWHSDUDIDFLOLWDUDVVLPDWUDQVPLVVmRWpUPLFD(PHVPRDVVLPHPPRWRUHV
GH DOWD SHUIRUPDQFH R SUREOHPD FRQWLQXD VHQGR GLItFLO H QHP VHPSUH GH VROXomR
SRVVtYHO DLQGD TXH VH HPSUHJXHP RV PHOKRUHV PDWHULDLV H WUDWDPHQWRV QD
IDEULFDomRGHYiOYXODV
$VYiOYXODVUHIULJHUDGDVDVyGLRFRQVWLWXHPDUHVSRVWDGDWpFQLFDDHVWHSUREOHPD
$ GLIHUHQoD GDV YiOYXODV QRUPDLV TXH VmR PDFLoDV DV UHIULJHUDGDV D VyGLR VmR
RFDV DEULJDQGR HP VHX LQWHULRU XPD GHWHUPLQDGD TXDQWLGDGH GH VyGLR 4XDQGR D
FDEHoD GD YiOYXOD HVTXHQWD R VyGLR H[LVWHQWH QR LQWHULRU GD KDVWH VH IXQGH H
FLUFXOD DR ORQJR GH WRGD D FDYLGDGH GD YiOYXOD WUDQVSRUWDQGR HILFD]PHQWH R FDORU
GHVGH D FDEHoD GD YiOYXOD DWp R Sp GD PHVPD $V YiOYXODV UHIULJHUDGDV D VyGLR
SHUPLWHP UHGX]LU D WHPSHUDWXUD QD FDEHoD GH FHUFD GH ƒ& YDORU QRUPDO HP
YiOYXODVFRQYHQFLRQDLVDDWpPHQRVGHƒ&

Comando de válvulas
$ GLVWULEXLomR RX VHMD R VLVWHPD GH FRPDQGR GDV YiOYXODV p FRQFHELGR SDUD TXH
FDGD XPD GHODV DEUD H IHFKH QR PRPHQWR DSURSULDGR GR FLFOR GH  WHPSRV VH
PDQWHQKD DEHUWD R SHUtRGR GH WHPSR QHFHVViULR SDUD SRVVLELOLWDU XPD ERD




DGPLVVmR GD PLVWXUD JDVRVD D FRPSOHWD H[SXOVmR GRV SURGXWRV GD FRPEXVWmR H
IXQFLRQHVXDYHHHILFLHQWHPHQWHQRVPDLVYDULDGRVUHJLPHVGHURWDomRGRPRWRU


+iYiULRVSURFHVVRVSDUDDWLQJLUHVWHVREMHWLYRV1RVLVWHPDGHEDODQFLQVDFLRQDGRV
SRU KDVWHV LPSXOVRUDV RV WXFKRV UHFHEHP PRYLPHQWR GH XPD iUYRUH GH FRPDQGR
GHYiOYXODVVLWXDGDQRLQWHULRUGREORFR2YLUDEUHTXLPDFLRQDDiUYRUHGHFRPDQGR
GH YiOYXODV SRU LQWHUPpGLR GH XPD FRUUHQWH RX SRU XP FRQMXQWR GH HQJUHQDJHQV
RX DLQGD SRU FRUUHLD GHQWDGD QXPDUHODomR  RXVHMDHQTXDQWRR YLUDEUHTXLP
Gi GXDV YROWDV D iUYRUH GH FRPDQGR GDV YiOYXODV FRPSOHWD XPD
3DUD XP ERP IXQFLRQDPHQWR DV YiOYXODV GHYHP DR IHFKDU DMXVWDUVH
SHUIHLWDPHQWH jV VXDV VHGHV 3DUD WDO GHYH H[LVWLU XPD IROJD HQWUH D YiOYXOD
IHFKDGD H R VHX EDODQFLQ (VWD IROJD TXH QRUPDOPHQWH p PDLRU QD YiOYXOD GH
HVFDSDPHQWRGRTXHQDGHDGPLVVmRWHPHPFRQWDDGLODWDomRGDYiOYXODTXDQGR
DTXHFLGD




2VLVWHPDGHLJQLomRGHYHVROWDUXPDIDtVFDHPFDGDYHODQRPRPHQWRSUHFLVRGH
DFRUGRFRPDGLVWULEXLomRTXHID]DEULUHIHFKDUDVYiOYXODVQRPRPHQWRH[DWR2
GLVWULEXLGRUTXHIXQFLRQDVLQFURQL]DGRFRPDVYiOYXODVWHPSRUIXQomRGLVWULEXLUD
FRUUHQWHGHDOWDWHQVmRDWpjVYHODVHpQRUPDOPHQWHDFLRQDGRSRUHQJUHQDJHQVD
SDUWLU GD iUYRUH GH FRPDQGR RX GR YLODEUHTXLP 2V PRWRUHV PDLV PRGHUQRV QmR
SRVVXHPGLVWULEXLGRUHVHHVVHVLVWHPDVHID]HOHWURQLFDPHQWH
$ iUYRUH GH FRPDQGR GDV YiOYXODV HVWi DVVHQWDGD QR EORFR VREUH WUrV RX FLQFR
DSRLRV2VH[FrQWULFRVGDiUYRUHGHFRPDQGRGDVYiOYXODVHVWmRGLVSRVWRVGHPRGR
DDVVHJXUDUDRUGHPGHLJQLomR

2V SURMHWLVWDV GH PRWRUHV EXVFDP D UHGXomR GR SHVR GRV FRPSRQHQWHV GD
GLVWULEXLomR D ILP GH REWHU XP DXPHQWR GH GXUDomR H UHQGLPHQWR HP PRWRUHV
IXQFLRQDQGR D HOHYDGRV UHJLPHV GH URWDomR &RP HVWH REMHWLYR XWLOL]DP XPD RX
GXDV iUYRUHV GH FRPDQGR GH YiOYXODV QR FDEHoRWH 1DV YHUV}HV PDLV PRGHUQDV
FRPHYiOYXODVSRGHVHXWLOL]DUDWpPDLVFRPDQGRV
$ DomR GHVWDV iUYRUHV GH FRPDQGR GDV YiOYXODV VREUH DV YiOYXODV p ORJLFDPHQWH
PDLVGLUHWDGDGRTXHQHODLQWHUYrPPHQRVSHoDVGRTXHQRVLVWHPDGHiUYRUHGH
FRPDQGRGDVYiOYXODVQREORFR8PSURFHVVRVLPSOHVGHWUDQVPLWLURPRYLPHQWRGR
YLUDEUHTXLP j iUYRUH GH FRPDQGR GDV YiOYXODV QR FDEHoRWH FRQVLVWH QD XWLOL]DomR
GH XPD FRUUHQWH FRQWXGR XPD FRUUHQWH FRPSULGD WHUi WHQGrQFLD D YLEUDU D QmR
VHUTXHDSUHVHQWHXPGLVSRVLWLYRSDUDPDQWHODWHQVD
1D PDLRU SDUWH GDV WUDQVPLVV}HV SRU FRUUHQWH XWLOL]DVH FRPR WHQVRU HVWLFDGRU
XPD WLUD GH DoR FRPSULGD OLJHLUDPHQWH FXUYD SRU YH]HV UHYHVWLGD GH ERUUDFKD
8PD PROD KHOLFRLGDO PDQWpP R WHQVRU GH HQFRQWUR j FRUUHQWH 8P RXWUR WLSR GH
WHQVRUFRQVLVWHQXPFDOoRGHERUUDFKDVLQWpWLFDOLJDGRDXPSHTXHQRSLVWmRVXMHLWR
D XPD DomR GH XPD PROD DFLRQDGD SRU SUHVVmR GH yOHR 7DPEpP VH XWLOL]D XP
EUDoR HP FXMD H[WUHPLGDGH VH HQFRQWUD XPD HQJUHQDJHP GHQWDGD OLYUH RX
³ORXFD´TXHHQJUHQDQDFRUUHQWHPDQWHQGRDHVWLFDGDSRUXPDPROD
$OJXQVDXWRPyYHLVGHFRPSHWLomRDSUHVHQWDPWUDQVPLVV}HVSRUHQJUHQDJHQVHQWUH
DiUYRUHGHFRPDQGRGHYiOYXODVHRYLUDEUHTXLP(VWHVWLSRVGHWUDQVPLVVmRVmR
FRQWXGR PXLWR UXLGRVRV 8PD GDV WUDQVPLVV}HV PDLV UHFHQWHV SDUD iUYRUHV GH
FRPDQGRGHYiOYXODVQRFDEHoRWHXWLOL]DXPDFRUUHLDH[WHULRUGHQWDGDGHERUUDFKD
(VWHWLSRGHFRUUHLDQRUPDOPHQWHLVHQWRGHOXEULILFDomRpIDEULFDGRFRPERUUDFKD
UHVLVWHQWHDRyOHR
(PERUDWHQKDVLGRXVXDORHPSUHJRGHEDODQFLQVMXQWRjiUYRUHGHFRPDQGRSDUD
DFLRQDU DV YiOYXODV p WHQGrQFLD DWXDO HOLPLQDU RV EDODQFLQV H FRORFDU DV YiOYXODV
GLUHWDPHQWH VRE D DomR GRV HL[RV H[FrQWULFRV $OJXPDV iUYRUHV GH FRPDQGR GH
YiOYXODV QR FDEHoRWH XWLOL]DP WXFKRV KLGUiXOLFRV TXH VmR DXWR UHJXOiYHLV H
IXQFLRQDPVHPIROJDVHQGRDVVLPHOLPLQDGRRUXtGRFDUDFWHUtVWLFRGHEDWLPHQWRGH
YiOYXODV
8PWXFKRKLGUiXOLFRFRPS}HVHGHGXDVSDUWHVXPDVGDVTXDLVGHVOL]DQRLQWHULRU
GDRXWUDRyOHRVRESUHVVmRID]FRPTXHDKDVWHDXPHQWHRFRPSULPHQWRHDQXOH
DIROJDTXDQGRRPRWRUVHHQFRQWUDHPIXQFLRQDPHQWR
0$,6'('8$69È/98/$6325&,/,1'52
2 TXH Ki GH PDLV PRGHUQR HP VLVWHPDV GH GLVWULEXLomR GR FRPDQGR GH YiOYXODV
FRQVLVWHQDXWLOL]DomRGHHDWpYiOYXODVSRUFLOLQGUR




 
4XDVH VHPSUH DFLRQDGDV GLUHWDPHQWH SHORV SUySULRV H[FrQWULFRV GD iUYRUH GR
FRPDQGR GH YiOYXODV VHP LQWHUYHQomR GRV EDODQFLQV (VWD WpFQLFD SHUPLWH XP
DEDVWHFLPHQWR SHUIHLWR GRV FLOLQGURV HVSHFLDOPHQWH HP DOWDV URWDo}HV R TXH VH
WUDGX]HPUHQGLPHQWRHEDL[RFRQVXPR

Disposições
8PPRWRUFRPXPVyFLOLQGURpDVROXomRPDLVVLPSOHVGHXPPRWRU DWHPSRV
(VVDVROXomRQmRpFRQWXGRDGHTXDGDSDUDXPDXWRPyYHOGHYLGRjLUUHJXODULGDGH
GR WRUTXH UHVXOWDQWH GH XP Vy WHPSR GH H[SORVmR HP FDGD GXDV URWDo}HV GR
YLUDEUHTXLPRTXHSURYRFDULDYLEUDo}HV

$ LUUHJXODULGDGH GR WRUTXH SRGH VHU FRPSHQVDGD SHOD HQHUJLD DUPD]HQDGD QXP
YROXPHSHVDGRWDOVROXomRSRUpPpLQVXILFLHQWHSDUDSHUPLWLUTXHXPPRWRUD
WHPSRVWUDEDOKHVXDYHPHQWHDEDL[DURWDomR1mRH[LVWHQHQKXPSURFHVVRVLPSOHV
GH FRQWUDEDODQoDU R PRYLPHQWR DOWHUQDWLYR GH XP PRWRU GH FLOLQGUR ~QLFR
PRQRFLOtQGULFR

3DUDIXQFLRQDUFRPPDLRUVXDYLGDGHRPRWRUGHYHSRVVXLUQRPtQLPRFLOLQGURV
RFRUUHQGR DVVLP XPD H[SORVmR HP FDGD URWDomR GR YLUDEUHTXLP 4XDVH WRGRV RV
DXWRPyYHLV WrP SHOR PHQRV  FLOLQGURV SDUD TXH QRV VHXV PRWRUHV RFRUUD XP
WHPSRGHH[SORVmRHPFDGDPHLDURWDomRGRYLUDEUHTXLP

7RUTXHELQiULRPRWRUHHTXLOtEULR±QXPPRWRUGHFLOLQGURVHPOLQKDRVWHPSRV

GH H[SORVmR VmR LJXDOPHQWH HVSDoDGRV HQWUH VL R TXH RULJLQD XP ELQiULR
UD]RDYHOPHQWH VXDYH $ YLEUDomR SURGX]LGD p HP JUDQGH SDUWH HOLPLQDGD SHORV
DSRLRVGRPRWRUTXHVmRHOiVWLFRV2WRUTXHGHXPPRWRUGHFLOLQGURVHP9SRGH
VHU WmR UHJXODU FRPR R GH XP PRWRU GH  FLOLQGURV HP OLQKD $TXHOD GLVSRVLomR
SRUpPQmRSHUPLWHXPHTXLOtEULRWmRHILFD]VHMDTXDO IRURkQJXORIRUPDGRSHORV
JUXSRVGHFLOLQGURV




$VVLP R PRWRU GH  FLOLQGURV HP 9 SURGX] YLEUDo}HV TXH WHP GH VHU UHGX]LGDV
PHGLDQWHDLQFRUSRUDomRGHXPHL[RVXSOHPHQWDUSURYLGRGHFRQWUDSHVRGHVWLQDGR
DHOLPLQDUYLEUDo}HVGRFRQMXQWR

2PRWRUGHFLOLQGURVKRUL]RQWDLVRSRVWRVpPDLVFRPSDFWRHPDLVHTXLOLEUDGRTXH
RPRWRUHPOLQKD(PFHUWRVPRGHORVGHDXWRPyYHLVFRQWXGRDVYDQWDJHQVGHVWD
GLVSRVLomR VmR DQXODGDV SHORV SUREOHPDV TXH HOD OHYDQWD TXDQWR j GLILFXOGDGH GH
DFHVVR HPFDVR GH UHSDUDo}HV 2V PRWRUHV GH  FLOLQGURV HP OLQKD SURSRUFLRQDP
PHOKRUHTXLOtEULR

2PRWRU GH  FLOLQGURV HP 9p WHRULFDPHQWH PHQRV VXDYH GRTXH R GH  FLOLQGURV
HP OLQKD DPERV SRUpP VmR HTXLYDOHQWHV QR TXH VH UHIHUH j UHJXODULGDGH GR
ELQiULR 2 PHVPR DFRQWHFH FRP R PRWRU GH  FLOLQGURV KRUL]RQWDLV RSRVWRV TXH
WUDEDOKD VXDYHPHQWH PDV p GLVSHQGLRVR 2 PRWRU GH  FLOLQGURV HP 9 9 p D
PDLV XWLOL]DGD GDV YDULDQWHV GH PRWRUHV GH  FLOLQGURV 7UDWDVH GH XP PRWRU
FRPSDFWRHEHPHTXLOLEUDGRFRPXPWRUTXHUHJXODU

0RWRUGHFLOLQGURVHPOLQKD

2 PRWRU GH  FLOLQGURV HP OLQKD DSHVDU GH PDLV FRPSULGR H OLJHLUDPHQWH PDLV
SHVDGRVTXHRPRWRUGHFLOLQGURVHPOLQKDDSUHVHQWDGXDVYDQWDJHQVSULQFLSDLV
XP ELQiULRPRWRU TXH p FRQVLGHUDYHOPHQWH PDLV XQLIRUPH GHYLGR j VREUHSRVLomR
GRVVXFHVVLYRVWHPSRVGHH[SORVmRHXPPHOKRUHTXLOtEULRPHFkQLFRTXHUHGX]DR
PtQLPR DV YLEUDo}HV (VWH WLSR GH PRWRU WHP R YLUDEUHTXLP DSRLDGR HP  RX 
PDQFDLVRTXHSURSRUFLRQDJUDQGHUHVLVWrQFLDHHYLWDDIOH[mR

'LVSRVLomRGHFLOLQGURVKRUL]RQWDLVRSRVWRV

1HVWH WLSR GH PRWRU RV FLOLQGURV HVWmR GLVSRVWRV

HP GXDV ILODV XPD GH FDGD ODGR GR YLUDEUHTXLP
(VWD GLVSRVLomR SHUPLWH PRQWDU XP YLUDEUHTXLP
PDLV FXUWR TXH D GH XP PRWRU GH  FLOLQGURV HP
OLQKDEDVWDQGRSRQWRVGHDSRLRSDUDDPHVPD
8P PRWRU GH  FLOLQGURV KRUL]RQWDLV RSRVWRV p
PDLV DFRQVHOKiYHO GHYLGR jV VXDV IRUPDV H
GLPHQV}HV SDUD D WUDVHLUD GR DXWRPyYHO (P
TXDOTXHUPRWRUGHFLOLQGURVFRPHVWDGLVSRVLomR
D XQLIRUPLGDGH GR WRUTXH p DFHLWiYHO TXHU QRV




PRWRUHV GH  FLOLQGURV TXHU QRV GH  (VWD GLVSRVLomR SHUPLWH XP HTXLOtEULR
PHFkQLFR H[FHOHQWH R PRYLPHQWR GH XP FRPSRQHQWH QXP VHQWLGR p HTXLOLEUDGR
SHORPRYLPHQWRGRFRPSRQHQWHKRPyORJRHPVHQWLGRFRQWUiULR

7UrVWLSRVGHPRWRUHP9

2V PRWRUHV HP 9 DSUHVHQWDP FRPR SULQFLSDO

YDQWDJHPRIDWRGH RFRQMXQWRSRGHUVHUPDLVFXUWRTXH RGRVPRWRUHVHP OLQKD
SRGHQGR SRUWDQWR R VHX YLUDEUHTXLP VHU PDLV FXUWR H FRQVHTHQWHPHQWH PDLV
UtJLGR R TXH SHUPLWH DR PRWRU WUDEDOKDU PDLV VXDYHPHQWH D HOHYDGR UHJLPH GH
URWDomR2PRWRU9QHFHVVLWDDSHQDVGHTXDWURPDQFDLVGHELHODGHVGHTXHHVWHV
VH HQFRQWUHP GLVSRVWRV GH PRGR D IRUPDU HQWUH VL XP kQJXOR GH ž H VHMDP
VXILFLHQWHPHQWH FRPSULGRV SDUD TXH HP FDGD XP SRVVDP WUDEDOKDU ODGR D ODGR
GXDVELHODV$iUYRUHGHPDQLYHODVQHFHVVLWDGHXPPDQFDOGHDSRLRHQWUHFDGDSDU
GHPDQFDLVGHELHODV2VPRWRUHV9QmRVmRGHIXQFLRQDPHQWRWmRVXDYHFRPRRV
9 TXH VmR H[WUHPDPHQWH EHP HTXLOLEUDGRV H SURSRUFLRQDP TXDWUR H[SORV}HV
HVSDoDGDVLJXDOPHQWHHQWUHVLHPFDGDURWDomRGR
YLUDEUHTXLP

2 PRWRU 9 WHP XP PDQFDO GH ELHOD SDUD FDGD

ELHOD &RP XP WHPSR GH H[SORVmR HP FDGD WHUoR
GHURWDomRHFRPRVPDQFDLVGHELHODGLVSRVWRVD
LQWHUYDORV GH  JUDXV R PRWRU p GH
IXQFLRQDPHQWRVXDYHHGHHTXLOtEULRUD]RiYHO




 

1R PRWRU 9 p QHFHVViULR XP HL[R HTXLOLEUDGRU DGLFLRQDO TXH URGD D PHWDGH GR
Q~PHUR GH URWDo}HV GR YLUDEUHTXLP (P RXWURV PRGHORV R kQJXOR GR 9 SRGH VHU
UHGX]LGRDWpFHUFDGH



Câmaras de explosão
2 UHQGLPHQWR GH XP PRWRU j H[SORVmR GHSHQGH HP JUDQGH SDUWH GD IRUPD GDV
FkPDUDV GH H[SORVmR 3DUD VHU HILFD] XPD FkPDUD GH H[SORVmR GHYH VHU GH WDO
PRGR FRPSDFWD TXH D VXSHUItFLH GDV VXDV SDUHGHV ± DWUDYpV GDV TXDLV R FDORU VH
GLVVLSDSDUDRVLVWHPDGHUHVIULDPHQWR±VHMDPtQLPD

&RPR UHJUD FRQVLGHUDVH TXH D IRUPD LGHDO GH XPD FkPDUD GH H[SORVmR VHMD
HVIpULFDFRPRSRQWRGHLJQLomRVLWXDGRQRFHQWURTXHUHVXOWDULDQXPDFRPEXVWmR
XQLIRUPHGDPLVWXUDJDVRVDHPWRGDVDVGLUHo}HVHQXPPtQLPRGHSHUGDGHFDORU
DWUDYpV GDV SDUHGHV 6HQGR WDO IRUPD LPSUDWLFiYHO QXP PRWRU GH DXWRPyYHO R
FRQFHLWR PDLV DSUR[LPDGR QHVWH FDVR p R GH XPD FDORWD HVIpULFD $V IRUPDV GDV
FkPDUDV GH H[SORVmR TXH KDELWXDOPHQWH DSUHVHQWDP RV PRWRUHV GH DXWRPyYHLV
VmR GH TXDWURWLSRV KHPLVIpULFD HP EDQKHLUD HP FXQKD RXWULDQJXODUH DEHUWD
QD FDEHoDGR SLVWmR WRGDV HODV FRP YiOYXODV QD FDEHoRWH 2V WLSRVGH FkPDUD GH
YiOYXODVODWHUDORXGHFDEHoDHP/HHP)HVWmRDWXDOPHQWHXOWUDSDVVDGRV

$ FDEHoD KHPLVIpULFD p XWLOL]DGD SULQFLSDOPHQWH HP PRWRUHV GH HOHYDGR

UHQGLPHQWR Mi TXH D VXD IDEULFDomR p GLVSHQGLRVD 1D PDLRULD GRV DXWRPyYHLV
DWXDLV DV FkPDUDV GH H[SORVmR DSUHVHQWDP XPD GDV TXDWUR IRUPDV SULQFLSDLV
FRPSDWtYHLVFRPPRWRUHVGHDOWDWD[DGHFRPSUHVVmR

2 VLVWHPD GH YiOYXOD ODWHUDO XWLOL]DGR QRV SULPHLURV DXWRPyYHLV p R PDLV

HFRQ{PLFR &RQWXGR QHVWH VLVWHPD D IRUPD GD FkPDUD OLPLWD D WD[D GH
FRPSUHVVmR D SRXFR PDLV GH  YDORU PXLWR EDL[R SDUD VH FRQVHJXLU ERP
UHQGLPHQWR RX HFRQRPLD GH JDVROLQD 2 VLVWHPD GH FDEHoD HP ) FRQVLVWH QXPD
FRPELQDomR GH YiOYXODV ODWHUDLV H j FDEHoD $V YiOYXODV GH HVFDSDPHQWR VmR
PRQWDGDVQREORFRGRPRWRUHDVGHDGPLVVmRQDFDEHoD




 
8PD GDV IRUPDV PDLV HILFD]HV H YLiYHLV GH FkPDUD GH H[SORVmR p D FOiVVLFD HP
FDORWD HVIpULFD FXMD EDVH p IRUPDGD SHOD FDEHoD GR SLVWmR $V YiOYXODV LQFOLQDGDV
IRUPDP HQWUH VL XP kQJXOR GH ž RFXSDQGR D YHOD XPD SRVLomR FHQWUDO HQWUH
DPEDV(VWDGLVSRVLomRFOiVVLFDSHODVXDVLPHWULDHQFXUWDDGLVWkQFLDTXHDFKDPD
GHYHSHUFRUUHUHQWUHDYHODHDFDEHoDGRSLVWmRDVVHJXUDQGRXPDERDFRPEXVWmR
e XWLOL]DGD HP PRWRUHV GH HOHYDGR UHQGLPHQWR VHQGR R kQJXOR HQWUH DV YiOYXODV
LQIHULRUDž
$FkPDUDKHPLVIpULFDLPSOLFDQDXWLOL]DomRGHXPDRXGXDViUYRUHVGHFRPDQGRQR
FDEHoRWHRXHQWmRGHXPDiUYRUHGHFRPDQGRODWHUDOFRPXPFRPSOH[RVLVWHPDGH
EDODQFLQVHKDVWHVLPSXOVRUDVSDUDRDFLRQDPHQWRGDVGXDVILODVGHYiOYXODV
$VXDIyUPXODIDFLOLWDDDGPLVVmRGDPLVWXUDJDVRVDTXHSHQHWUDQRFLOLQGURSRUXP
GRV ODGRV GR PRWRU H D H[SXOVmR GRV JDVHV GD FRPEXVWmR SHOR ODGR FRQWUiULR
7DPEpPSURSRUFLRQDPDLVHVSDoRSDUDRVGXWRVGHDGPLVVmRGHJUDQGHGLkPHWUR
SRGHQGR HVWHV VHUHP GLVSRVWRV GH PRGR TXH D PLVWXUD SHQHWUH QD FkPDUD
IDFLOPHQWHHFRPDGHYLGDWXUEXOrQFLD




 2DGHTXDGRIOX[RGHJDVHVTXHDVVXDV
JUDQGHV YiOYXODV SHUPLWHP ID] FRP
TXH D FDEHoD KHPLVIpULFD SURSRUFLRQH
XPQRWiYHOUHQGLPHQWRYROXPpWULFRRX
VHMD XP YROXPH GH PLVWXUD JDVRVD
DGPLWLGD LJXDO DR YROXPH GR FLOLQGUR
VRE GHWHUPLQDGDV FRQGLo}HV
DWPRVIpULFDV &RQWXGR GHYLGR j
WHQGrQFLD DWXDO SDUD D IDEULFDomR GH
FLOLQGURV FRP PDLRUHV GLkPHWURV H
FXUVRV GRV SLVW}HV PDLV UHGX]LGRV DV
YiOYXODVGHXPPRWRUFRPXPHPOLQKD
DSUHVHQWDP R GLkPHWUR VXILFLHQWH SDUD
VDWLVID]HUDVQHFHVVLGDGHVQRUPDLV
7DLV YiOYXODV QmR H[LJHP iUYRUHV GH
FRPDQGRRXEDODQFLQVHVSHFLDLVRTXH
WRUQDPHQRVGLVSHQGLRVRQDIDEULFDomR
GRPRWRU
&kPDUDV GH H[SORVmR HP EDQKHLUD H
HPFXQKD
3DUD TXH D FKDPD SHUFRUUD XP
SHTXHQR WUDMHWR VmR PXLWR XWLOL]DGDV
QRV PRWRUHV GH YiOYXOD QD FDEHoD DV
FkPDUDV GH H[SORVmR HP IRUPD GH
EDQKHLUDLQYHUWLGDHHPFXQKD
$FkPDUDGHH[SORVmRHPEDQKHLUDGH
IRUPD RYDO DSUHVHQWD DV YiOYXODV GH
DGPLVVmR H GH HVFDSDPHQWR FRORFDGDV
YHUWLFDOPHQWH QD SDUWH VXSHULRU H D
YHOD QD SDUWH LQFOLQDGD 1D FkPDUD GH
H[SORVmR HP IRUPD GH FXQKD DV
YiOYXODV HQFRQWUDPVH QR ODGR
LQFOLQDGR GH PDLRUHV GLPHQV}HV
VLWXDQGRVHDYHODQRODGRPDLVFXUWR$PEDVDVFkPDUDVGHH[SORVmRSHUPLWHPD
LQVWDODomRGHXPD~QLFDiUYRUHGHFRPDQGRODWHUDOFRPDVKDVWHVLPSXOVRUDVSDUD
RVEDODQFLQVHPOLQKD
(P DOJXQV PRWRUHV DV YiOYXODV GHVWDV FkPDUDV SRGHP VHU DFLRQDGDV SRU XPD
~QLFDiUYRUHGHFRPDQGRQRFDEHoRWH
&kPDUDDEHUWDQDFDEHoDGRSLVWmR
&kPDUDDEHUWDQDFDEHoDGRSLVWmR
([LVWH XP WLSR GH FkPDUD PRGHUQRGH H[SORVmR VLWXDGR QD FDEHoD GR SLVWmRSHOR
TXH QHVWH FDVR R FDEHoRWH GR PRWRU VH DSUHVHQWD SODQR (VWH WLSR GH FkPDUD p
DSURSULDGR SDUD WD[DV GH FRPSUHVVmR HOHYDGDV H XWLOL]DGR SULQFLSDOPHQWH HP
PRWRUHVGHFRPSHWLomRQRVTXDLVRGLkPHWURGRSLVWmRpVXSHULRUDRVHXFXUVR
4XDQGRRSLVWmRVREHQDIDVHILQDOGRWHPSRGHFRPSUHVVmRDERUGDVXSHULRUGR
SLVWmRSURYRFDXPDWXUEXOrQFLDVREDIRUPDGHMDWRLQWHQVRQDPLVWXUDJDVRVDGD
SHULIHULD GR SLVWmR SDUD R FHQWUR GD FkPDUD GDQGR RULJHP D XPD H[FHOHQWH
FRPEXVWmRVHPGHWRQDomR$FkPDUDSHORIDWRGHDSUHVHQWDUDIRUPDGHWDoDHVH
HQFRQWUDU QD FDEHoD GR SLVWmR
FRQVHUYD R FDORU FRQWULEXLQGR GHVWD
IRUPD SDUD XPD PDLV UiSLGD
YDSRUL]DomRGDPLVWXUD
9iOYXOD ODWHUDO ± $V FkPDUDV GH
H[SORVmR QXP PRWRU GH YiOYXODV
ODWHUDLV QmR WrP XPD ERD WD[D GH
FRPSUHVVmR TXH p XPD GDV FRQGLo}HV



IXQGDPHQWDLVSDUDTXHVHSURGX]DXPDERDFRPEXVWmR
$VYiOYXODVHVWmRDOLQKDGDVQXPGRVODGRVGRFLOLQGURVLWXDQGRVHVREUHHVWDVDV
FkPDUDV GH H[SORVmR $ SDUWH VXSHULRU GD FkPDUD IRUPD XP GHFOLYH VREUH R
FLOLQGURGDQGRRULJHPDXPSHTXHQRHVSDoRHQWUHDFkPDUDHDFDEHoDGRSLVWmR
QR306IRUPDQGRXPDSHTXHQDOkPLQDGHFRPSUHVVmR

Mancais
2V PDQFDLV VmR XWLOL]DGRV SDUD UHGX]LU RDWULWRH VHUYLU GHDSRLRD WRGDV DV SHoDV
JLUDWyULDVGHXPDXWRPyYHOVHMDPHVWDVHL[RVRXURGDVVREUHHL[RV

2V PDQFDLV GLYLGHPVH HP GRLV WLSRV SULQFLSDLV RV OLVRV ± TXH HQJOREDP RV
IRUPDGRV SRU GXDV PHLDV EXFKDV FDSDV RX EURQ]LQDV H DV EXFKDV ± H RV
URODPHQWRVTXHSRGHPVHUGHHVIHUDVGHUROHWHVRXGHDJXOKDV

0DQFDLV GH GXDV PHLDVEXFKDV ± 8P DSRLR SDUD SHoDV JLUDWyULDV TXDQGR
FRQVWLWXtGR SRU GXDV SDUWHV LJXDLV SDUD IDFLOLGDGH GH PRQWDJHP p GHVLJQDGR SRU
PDQFDOGHGXDVPHLDVEXFKDV(VWHVVmRGHPHWDODQWLIULFomRHWDPEpPGHVLJQDGRV
SRUFDSDVRXEURQ]LQDV

0DQFDLV GH GXDV PHLDVEXFKDV GHVPRQWiYHLV ± $V EURQ]LQDV GR YLUDEUHTXLP VmR
IRUPDGRV SRU GXDV SDUWHV LJXDLV GH DoR UHYHVWLGR FRP PHWDO DQWLIULFomR $V
EURQ]LQDVDSUHVHQWDPXPVXOFRTXHSHUPLWHDSDVVDJHPGHyOHRSDUDDVEURQ]LQDV
GDVFDEHoDVGDVELHODVDWUDYpVGRYLUDEUHTXLP
&DGD EURQ]LQD WHP IRUPD VHPLFLUFXODU H FRQVLVWH QXPD FDUFDoD GH DoR UHYHVWLGD
LQWHULRUPHQWHSRUXPDOLJDGHPHWDOPDFLRFRPSURSULHGDGHVSDUDUHGX]LURDWULWR
2V PDQFDLV GH DSRLR GR YLUDEUHTXLP HVWmR DORMDGRV QR EORFR VLWXDQGRVH RV GD
ELHODQDVFDEHoDVGDVPHVPDV
$V EURQ]LQDV GHYHP WHU XP VyOLGR H SHUIHLWR FRQWDWR QR VHX DORMDPHQWR QRV
PDQFDLVQmRVySDUDJDUDQWLURVHXDSRLRFRPRWDPEpPSDUDTXHRFDORUJHUDGR
SHOD IULFomR VH GHVVLSH GD EURQ]LQD SRU FRQGXomR HYLWDQGR DVVLP R VREUH
DTXHFLPHQWR 2 UHYHVWLPHQWR LQWHULRU GD FDSD SRGH VHU FRPSRVWR SRU YiULDV OLJDV
PHWiOLFDVFRPRSRUH[HPSORRPHWDOEUDQFRDOLJDGHFREUHFKXPERRXHVWDQKR
DOXPtQLR



8PD GDV H[WUHPLGDGHV GR YLUDEUHTXLP HVWi VXEPHWLGD DR LPSXOVR SURYHQLHQWH GD
SUHVVmRGDHPEUHDJHPHHPDOJXQVFDVRVGDUHDomRUHVXOWDQWHGDVHQJUHQDJHQV
TXH PRYHP RV yUJmRV DX[LOLDUHV 6H HVWH LPSXOVR QmR IRVVH FRQWURODGR FDXVDULD
GHVORFDPHQWRV D[LDLV QR YLUDEUHTXLP R TXH DOpP GH RULJLQDU UXtGRV SURYRFDULD
GHVJDVWHV 3DUD HOLPLQDU WDO LQFRQYHQLHQWH XP GRV DSRLRV GR YLUDEUHTXLP p
URGHDGRSRUDUUXHODVD[LDLVGHHQFRVWRQRUPDOPHQWHFRQKHFLGDVSRUPHLDVOXDVGR
YLUDEUHTXLP FRQVWLWXtGDV SRU ILQRV VHJPHQWRV GH DoR UHYHVWLGRV GH PHWDO
DQWLIULFomR TXH PDQWpP R YLUDEUHTXLP QD VXD SRVLomR DQXODQGR SRU HQFRVWR
TXDOTXHUUHDomRHYLGHQWHjGHVORFDomRD[LDO
8PD ERPED ID] FRP TXH R yOHR FLUFXOH VRE SUHVVmR SRU XPD VpULH GH FDQDLV
H[LVWHQWHV QR EORFR H SHQHWUH QRV PDQFDLV GR YLUDEUHTXLP DWUDYpV GH XP RULItFLR
DEHUWRHPFDGDEURQ]LQD(VWHRULItFLRFRPXQLFDFRPXPVXOFR H[LVWHQWHHPWRUQR
GDIDFHLQWHULRUGDEURQ]LQDDWUDYpVGRTXDORyOHRpGLVWULEXtGR
3DUWHGRyOHRVRESUHVVmRSHQHWUDSHORVIXURVDEHUWRVQRYLUDEUHTXLPHOXEULILFDRV
PDQFDLV GDV ELHODV $IROJD HQWUH R HL[R HRVDSRLRV TXH QXQFDGHYH H[FHGHU 
PPYDULDQGRSDUDPHQRVFRQIRUPHRIDEULFDQWHUHJXODDFLUFXODomRGHyOHRHHP
JUDQGHSDUWHDTXDQWLGDGHGHyOHRLPSXOVLRQDGDSDUDRVSLVW}HVHFLOLQGURV
2 RULItFLR SRU RQGH SHQHWUD R yOHR TXH OXEULILFD XP PDQFDO VLWXDVH SUy[LPR GR
SRQWRRQGHDSUHVVmRH[HUFLGDVREUHHVWDpPtQLPDLVWRpQRORFDORQGHpPDLRUD
IROJDHQWUHRPDQFDOHRHL[R$RURGDURHL[RDUUDVWDRyOHRHPYROWDGRPDQFDO
IRUPDQGR XP FDOoR GH yOHR $ SUHVVmR DXWRJHUDGD QR FDOoR GH yOHR p EDVWDQWH
VXSHULRU j SUHVVmR UHVXOWDQWH GD DomR GD ERPED GH yOHR QDV WXEXODo}HV GH
DOLPHQWDomR HYLWDQGR DVVLP R FRQWDWR GDV VXSHUItFLHV PHWiOLFDV HQWUH VL PHVPR
TXDQGRRPDQFDOpVXMHLWRDHOHYDGDVFDUJDV
0DQFDLVGHEXFKDFLOtQGULFD±2VPDQFDLVOLVRVTXDQGRFRQVWLWXtGRVSRUXPFLOLQGUR
IRUPDGR SRU XPD Vy SHoD VmR GHVLJQDGRV VLPSOHVPHQWH SRU EXFKDV 6mR
XWLOL]DGRVSRUH[HPSORQRVEDODQFLQVHQRVSpVGDVELHODV
$V EXFKDV PDLV VLPSOHV VmR WRWDOPHQWH IDEULFDGDV GR PHVPR PHWDO RX OLJD
QRUPDOPHQWHREURQ]H$EXFKDpPRQWDGDFRPLQWHUIHUrQFLDRXVHMDLQWURGX]LGD
VRE SUHVVmR QR VHX DORMDPHQWR 6H D DOLPHQWDomR GH yOHR QmR IRU VXILFLHQWH D
EXFKDFLOtQGULFDSRGHVHUUHYHVWLGDFRPXPDPDWpULDSOiVWLFDFRPRSRUH[HPSORR
WHIORQ (P FHUWRV FDVRV VmR XWLOL]DGDV EXFKDV GH PHWDO SRURVR H RXWURV PDWHULDLV
DQWLIULFomR
5RODPHQWRV±2VURODPHQWRVGHHVIHUDVGHUROHWHVRXGHDJXOKDVVmRHQWUHWRGRV
RVDSRLRVRGHPHQRUFRHILFLHQWHGHDWULWRVHQGRQRHQWDQWRWDPEpPRVGHSUHoR
PDLVHOHYDGR6mRXWLOL]DGRVHPyUJmRVDX[LOLDUHVGRVPRWRUHVGHDXWRPyYHLVFRPR
D ERPED GH iJXD H R DOWHUQDGRU H HP DOJXQV PRWRUHV GH FRPSHWLomR FRPR
WDPEpPHPVLVWHPDVGHWUDQVPLVVmRSDUDiUYRUHVGHFRPDQGRQRFDEHoRWH

Motor diesel
(QTXDQWRQRPRWRUDJDVROLQDPLVWXUDJDVRVDDUJDVROLQDpLQIODPDGDSRUPHLR
GH XPD IDtVFD HOpWULFD SURGX]LGD SHOD YHOD GH LJQLomR QR PRWRU D 'LHVHO QmR
H[LVWHPYHODVGHLJQLomRHDJDVROLQDpVXEVWLWXtGDSRUyOHR'LHVHO




$ LJQLomR QXP PRWRU D 'LHVHO p SURYRFDGD SHOD FRPSUHVVmR TXH ID] HOHYDU D
WHPSHUDWXUDGRDUQDFkPDUDGHFRPEXVWmRGHWDOPRGRTXHHVWDDWLQMDRSRQWRGH
DXWRLQIODPDomRGRFRPEXVWtYHO
2yOHR'LHVHOTXHVHYDSRUL]DPHQRVTXHDJDVROLQDQmRpLQWURGX]LGRQDFkPDUD
GH FRPEXVWmR VRE D IRUPD GH PLVWXUD FRP DU PDV VLP LQMHWDGR VRE DOWD SUHVVmR
SRU PHLR GH XP LQMHWRU 1D FkPDUD GH FRPEXVWmR R yOHR GLHVHO LQIODPDVH HP
FRQWDWR FRP R DU DTXHFLGR SRU HIHLWR GD IRUWH FRPSUHVVmR 8PD ERPED DFLRQDGD
SHOR SUySULR PRWRU IRUQHFH R yOHR GLHVHO D FDGD LQMHWRU HP GHWHUPLQDGDV
TXDQWLGDGHVHVREHOHYDGDSUHVVmR
2 DFHOHUDGRU UHJXOD D TXDQWLGDGH GH FRPEXVWtYHO IRUQHFLGR SHOD ERPED H
FRQVHTHQWHPHQWHDSRWrQFLDJHUDGDQRPRWRU
$VYDQWDJHQVGRVPRWRUHVD'LHVHOUHVLGHPQRVHXPDLRUUHQGLPHQWRTXHUHVXOWD
QXPD UHGXomR QRV FXVWRVGR FRPEXVWtYHOQD VXD PDLRU GXUDomR H QD GLPLQXLomR
GRVFXVWRVGHPDQXWHQomR
(QWUH DV GHVYDQWDJHQV GHVWH WLSR GH PRWRU HVWmR LQFOXtGRV XP HOHYDGR SUHoR
PDLRU SHVR D YLEUDomR TXH SURGX] j EDL[D URWDomR R FKHLUR GR FRPEXVWtYHO
TXHLPDGRRUXtGR±VXSHULRUDRSURYRFDGRSRUXPPRWRUDJDVROLQDHXPDPHQRU
FDSDFLGDGHGHDFHOHUDomR
1XP PRWRU GH DXWRPyYHO D JDVROLQD PpGLR D PLVWXUD JDVRVD VRIUH XPD
FRPSUHVVmRTXHUHGX]RVHXYROXPHDFHUFDGHXPQRQRGRVHXYDORULQLFLDORTXH
FRUUHVSRQGH D XPD UHODomR RX WD[D GH FRPSUHVVmR  QXP PRWRU D 'LHVHO HVWD
UHODomRSRGHDWLQJLURYDORUGHGHPRGRDDXPHQWDUDWHPSHUDWXUDGRDU
1DVFkPDUDVGHFRPEXVWmRGRPRWRUD'LHVHOPXLWRPHQRUHVTXHDVGHXPPRWRU
D JDVROLQD D WD[D GH FRPSUHVVmR VHQGR PDLV HOHYDGD UHVXOWD QXP DXPHQWR GH
UHQGLPHQWR SRLV p PDLRU D FRQYHUVmR GD HQHUJLD FDORUtILFD HP HQHUJLD PHFkQLFD
DOpPGLVVRYHULILFDPVHPHQRVSHUGDVGHFDORUQHVVDVFkPDUDV
&DGD FLOLQGUR QXP PRWRU D 'LHVHO DSUHVHQWD XP LQMHWRU TXH DVVHJXUD R
IRUQHFLPHQWR GH FRPEXVWtYHO QD TXDQWLGDGH FRUUHWD H QR GHYLGR PRPHQWR 8PD
ERPED TXH JLUD D PHWDGH GR Q~PHUR GH URWDo}HV GR YLUDEUHTXLP LPSXOVLRQD R




FRPEXVWtYHOSDUD RVLQMHWRUHV HGHVWHVSDUDDVFkPDUDVGHFRPEXVWmRVHJXQGRD
RUGHPGHLJQLomR

Sistema de Alimentação
$IXQomRGDFDUEXUDomR±$FDUEXUDomRGHVHPSHQKDXPSDSHOHVVHQFLDODRSHUPLWLU
TXH R PRWRU GR DXWRPyYHO DUUDQTXH IDFLOPHQWH WHQKD XPD ERD H SURJUHVVLYD
DFHOHUDomRIXQFLRQHHFRQRPLFDPHQWHGrRPi[LPRUHQGLPHQWRHQmRPRUUD

(PUHVXPRDVXDIXQomRFRQVLVWHHPPLVWXUDUKRPRJHQHDPHQWHXPDGHWHUPLQDGD
TXDQWLGDGH GH JDVROLQD FRP RXWUD GH DU IRUPDQGR XPD PLVWXUD JDVRVD H
IRUQHFHQGR XPD SURSRUomR DGHTXDGD GHVWD PLVWXUD SXOYHUL]DGD RX DWRPL]DGD D
FDGD FLOLQGUR SDUD VXD FRPEXVWmR 2 SURFHVVR FRPSOHWR GD FDUEXUDomR WHP LQtFLR
TXDQGRDJDVROLQDVHPLVWXUDFRPRDUHWHUPLQDTXDQGR RFRUUHDVXDFRPEXVWmR
H[SORVmRQRVFLOLQGURV$VVLPRVFDUEXUDGRUHVRFROHWRUGHDGPLVVmRDVYiOYXODV
GH DGPLVVmR H PHVPR DV FkPDUDV GH H[SORVmR H RV SLVW}HV LQWHUYrP QD
FDUEXUDomR

1D DOLPHQWDomR GR FDUEXUDGRU LQWHUIHUHP RV VHJXLQWHV HOHPHQWRV XP WDQTXH GH
FRPEXVWtYHOFRORFDGRjGLVWkQFLDXPDERPEDTXHDVSLUDDJDVROLQDGRWDQTXHHD
HQYLD DR GHSyVLWR GH QtYHO FRQVWDQWH RX ³FXED´ GR FDUEXUDGRU H YiULRV ILOWURV
PRQWDGRV QR FLUFXLWR TXH LPSHGHP D HQWUDGD GH LPSXUH]DV TXH WHULDP
LQWHUIHUrQFLDQmRVyQRFDUEXUDGRUFRPRQDERPED

5HODomRGDPLVWXUDDUJDVROLQD±5HJUDJHUDODFRPSOHWDFRPEXVWmRGDPLVWXUDp
DVVHJXUDGD TXDQGR D VXD UHODomR HP SHVR p GH TXLQ]H SDUWHV GH DU SDUD XPD GH
JDVROLQD±DPLVWXUDFRUUHWD

&RQWXGRHVWDUHODomRHPSHVRDUFRPEXVWtYHOQmRSURSRUFLRQDDSRWrQFLDPi[LPD
QHPHPJHUDODPi[LPDHFRQRPLD2DUUDQTXHHPWHPSRIULRSRGHUiH[LJLUXPD
PLVWXUDFRPSRVWDSRUXPDSDUWHGHDUSDUDXPDSDUWHGHJDVROLQD HQTXDQWRTXH
SDUD REWHU R Pi[LPR GH HFRQRPLD H XPD YHORFLGDGH FRQVWDQWH H QmR H[FHVVLYD ±
YHORFLGDGHFUX]HLUR±pQHFHVViULDXPDPLVWXUDPHQRVULFDFRPRVHMDDGH]HVVHLV
SDUWHV GH DU SDUD XPD GH JDVROLQD R TXH VH VXS}H D Pi[LPD HFRQRPLD SRVVtYHO
SDUD WDO YHORFLGDGH $ PLVWXUD GHYHUi VDWLVID]HU DV YiULDV FRQGLo}HV GH
IXQFLRQDPHQWRGRPRWRURXVHMDULFDSDUDRDUUDQTXHPHQRVULFDSDUDSHTXHQDV
YHORFLGDGHV H UDOHQWL SREUH SDUD XP IXQFLRQDPHQWR HFRQ{PLFR D YHORFLGDGH
PRGHUDGDPDLVULFDSDUDDFHOHUDo}HVHYHORFLGDGHVHOHYDGDV




2V SURGXWRV UHVXOWDQWHV GD FRPEXVWmR GD PLVWXUD JDVRVD LQFOXHP R PRQy[LGR GH
FDUERQR DOWDPHQWH Wy[LFR R DQLGULGR GH FDUE{QLFR KLGURFDUERQHWRV H y[LGRV GH
D]RWR$SURSRUomRGHVWHVQRVJDVHVGHHVFDSDPHQWRGHSHQGHGDPLVWXUD

Gasolina
2VDGLWLYRVHOHYDPRtQGLFHGHRFWDQD±$JDVROLQDGHYHUHXQLUXPFHUWRQ~PHURGH
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV SDUD SRGHU VHU XWLOL]DGD FRPR FRPEXVWtYHO QR PRWRU GR DXWRPyYHO
'HYH VHU YROiWLO LVWR p GHYH YDSRUL]DUVH IDFLOPHQWH D ILP GH SHUPLWLU XP
DUUDQTXH IiFLO HP WHPSR IULR H XP DTXHFLPHQWR UiSLGR GR PRWRU VHP H[FHVVLYD
XWLOL]DomR GR DIRJDGRU &RQWXGR QmR GHYH VHU GHPDVLDGR YROiWLO SDUD QmR VH
YDSRUL]DUWmRUDSLGDPHQWHTXHVHWRUQHDQWLHFRQ{PLFDHGrRULJHPjIRUPDomRGH
EROKDVGHYDSRUTXHSRGHPLPSHGLUDSDVVDJHPGDJDVROLQD$JDVROLQDGHYHDLQGD
VHU UHVLVWHQWH j GHWRQDomR TXH VH PDQLIHVWD SRU XP UXtGR FDUDFWHUtVWLFR
GHQRPLQDGR ³JULODU´ RX EDWLGD GH SLQR HVWDU LVHQWD GH LPSXUH]DV H QmR WHU
WHQGrQFLDSDUDDVHGLPHQWDomR




 
$ GHWRQDomR RFRUUH TXDQGR D JDVROLQD DSUHVHQWD XP tQGLFH GH RFWDQD GHPDVLDGR
EDL[R SDUD D WD[D GH FRPSUHVVmR GR PRWRU 3UDWLFDPHQWH TXDOTXHU IDOKD TXH
SURYRTXHXPDHOHYDomRGDWHPSHUDWXUDGRPRWRUDFLPDGDWHPSHUDWXUDQRUPDOGH
IXQFLRQDPHQWR LQGLFD D QHFHVVLGDGH GH XWLOL]DomR GHJDVROLQDFRP PDLRU tQGLFH GH
RFWDQD
5LTXH]D GD PLVWXUD ± 3DUD XPD ERD FRPEXVWmR D SURSRUomR HP SHVR GH DU H
JDVROLQD GHYH VHU GH DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH  RX VHMDP TXLQ]H SDUWHV GH DU SDUD
XPD GH JDVROLQD (VWD PLVWXUD SHUPLWH XPD FRPEXVWmR FRPSOHWD FRP XP PtQLPR
GH GHVSHUGtFLR SRUpP SDUD XP IXQFLRQDPHQWR HFRQ{PLFR D XPD YHORFLGDGH
FUX]HLURDPLVWXUDSRGHUiVHUPDLVSREUH±
3DUD PDLRU SRWrQFLD FRP DFHOHUDGRU D IXQGR VHUi QHFHVViULR HQULTXHFrOD SDUD
 H SDUD R DUUDQTXH HP WHPSR IULR SDUD  4XDQGR XPD PLVWXUD p
GHPDVLDGD ULFD SHOR IDWR GH D SURSRUomR GH JDVROLQD VHU VXSHULRU j DGHTXDGD RX
GHPDVLDGRSREUHSRGHQmRLQIODPDU6HRPRWRU³PRUUH´SRUDIRJDPHQWRFDXVDGR
SRU PLVWXUDV GHPDVLDGDV ULFDV FRPR DFRQWHFH TXDQGR VH XWLOL]D HP H[FHVVR R
DIRJDGRUGHYHVHSUHVVLRQDURDFHOHUDGRUDIXQGRHOLJDURPRWRUGHDUUDQTXHVHP
WLUDURSpGRDFHOHUDGRUDWpRPRWRUSHJDU'HVWHPRGRRH[FHVVRGHFRPEXVWtYHO
VHUi H[SXOVR SHOR HVFDSDPHQWR 6H SHOR FRQWUiULR R DFHOHUDGRU IRU SUHVVLRQDGR




YiULDV YH]HV VHUi PDLV GLItFLO FRQVHJXLU ID]HU TXH R PRWRU SHJXH SRLV D PLVWXUD
WRUQDVHDLQGDPDLVULFD
$ FRQGHQVDomR GD XPLGDGH RFRUUH QR LQWHULRU GH WRGRV RV WDQTXHV GH JDVROLQD
HVSHFLDOPHQWH QRV GRV DXWRPyYHLV TXH ILFDP VXMHLWRV jV EDL[DV WHPSHUDWXUDV
QRWXUQDVDSyVWHUHPHVWDGRH[SRVWRVDRFDORUGRVROGXUDQWHRGLD$FRQGHQVDomR
PtQLPD YHULILFDVH QRV WDQTXHV VXEWHUUkQHRV GRV SRVWRV GH DEDVWHFLPHQWR SRXFR
DIHWDGRVSHODVYDULDo}HVGHWHPSHUDWXUDGRDU
4XDQGR XP DXWRPyYHO HVWDFLRQD DR ILP GR GLD HVWi QRUPDOPHQWH TXHQWH j
PHGLGD TXH DUUHIHFH R DU FRQWHQGR XPLGDGH p DVSLUDGR SHOR WDQTXH GH JDVROLQD
9HULILFDVHHQWmRDFRQGHQVDomRHDVJRWDVGHiJXDPDLVSHVDGDVTXHDJDVROLQD
GHVFHPSDUDRIXQGRGRWDQTXHRULJLQDQGRDVXDFRUURVmR
e VHPSUH DFRQVHOKiYHO HQFKHU R WDQTXH DQWHV TXH R QtYHO GH JDVROLQD HVWHMD
GHPDVLDGR EDL[R DILP GH HYLWDU TXHD iJXD RX DV LPSXUH]DV TXH HYHQWXDOPHQWH
H[LVWDP QR IXQGR VHMDP DVSLUDGDV SHOR VLVWHPD GH DOLPHQWDomR 6H R DXWRPyYHO
WLYHU GH SHUPDQHFHU SDUDGR GXUDQWH PXLWR WHPSR GHYHVH HVYD]LDU D JDVROLQD GD
ERPEDHGRFDUEXUDGRUSDUDHYLWDUDIRUPDomRGHGHSyVLWRVTXHSRGHUmRHQWXSLUR
VLVWHPDGHDOLPHQWDomR
2tQGLFHGHRFWDQDGHXPDJDVROLQDGHQRPLQDVHFRPSDUDQGRDFRPXPDPLVWXUD
GHGRLVGHULYDGRVOtTXLGRVGRSHWUyOHR QXPPRWRUGHWHVWHGH ODERUDWyULR8PGRV
GHULYDGRV±DLVRFWDQD±DSUHVHQWDXPDJUDQGHUHVLVWrQFLDjGHWRQDomRHQTXDQWR
D KHSWDQD WHP XPD UHVLVWrQFLD EDVWDQWH PHQRU 'L]VH TXHXPD JDVROLQD WHP XP
tQGLFH GH RFWDQD GH  VH WLYHUDV PHVPDVSURSULHGDGHVDQWLGHWRQDQWHVQR PRWRU
GH WHVWH ODERUDWRULDO TXH D PLVWXUD GH  SDUWHV GH RFWDQD FRP  SDUWHV GH GH
KHSWDQD
$WD[DGHFRPSUHVVmRGRPRWRUGHWHVWHSRGHVHUUHJXODGDHQTXDQWRHVWHWUDEDOKD
SRGHQGRREWHUVHXPSRQWRH[DWRGHGHWRQDomRSDUDTXDOTXHUWLSRGHJDVROLQD1R
%UDVLODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHJDVROLQDYHQGLGDDRS~EOLFRVmRIL[DGDVSRUOHL
$JDVROLQDFRQVLVWHQXPDPLVWXUDFRPSOH[DGHKLGURFDUERQHWRVVHQGRRVHXtQGLFH
GH RFWDQD XPD GDV PXLWDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV TXH DIHWDP R VHX QRV PRWRUHV HVVDV
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV YDULDP GXUDQWH R DUPD]HQDPHQWR VHQGR SRUWDQWR FRQYHQLHQWH
UHFRUUHU D SRVWRV GH JDVROLQD GH JUDQGH PRYLPHQWR DRQGH R FRPEXVWtYHO
SHUPDQHFHDUPD]HQDGRSRUPXLWRSRXFRWHPSR2tQGLFHGHRFWDQDGHTXHRPRWRU
QHFHVVLWD WDPEpP YDULD FRP R WHPSR GH IXQFLRQDPHQWR H TXLORPHWUDJHP GHVWH
GHYLGR j SURJUHVVLYD DFXPXODomR GH FDUYmR QDV FkPDUDV GH H[SORVmR H RXWURV
IDWRUHV
e DFRQVHOKiYHO VHJXLU DV UHFRPHQGDo}HV GR IDEULFDQWH GR DXWRPyYHO TXDQWR DR
tQGLFH GH RFWDQD GD JDVROLQD D VHU XWLOL]DGD 1mR Ki YDQWDJHQV HP XVDU XPD
JDVROLQD FRP XP tQGLFH VXSHULRU DR QHFHVViULR HPERUD WDPEpP QmR KDMD
GHVYDQWDJHQVDQmRVHURSUHoRPDLVHOHYDGRGDTXHOD

)RUPDomR GH YDSRU H JHOR ± $ DOLPHQWDomR GH FRPEXVWtYHO DR PRWRU SRGH VHU
GLILFXOWDGD HP WHPSR TXHQWH SHOD IRUPDomR GH YDSRU TXH RFRUUH QR VLVWHPD GH
DOLPHQWDomR ± TXDQGR HVWH HVWi GHPDVLDGR TXHQWH LPSHGLQGR TXH D ERPED
IRUQHoDRFRPEXVWtYHODRFDUEXUDGRU
$V YH]HV D JDVROLQD HQWUD HP HEXOLomR QD FXED GR FDUEXUDGRU DSyV D SDUDGD GR
PRWRUGHYLGRDRFDORUGHVWHQRTXHUHVXOWDXPDPLVWXUDGHPDVLDGDULFDQRFROHWRU
GH DGPLVVmR &RPR HVWD GLILFXOWD R DUUDQTXH p QHFHVViULR DJXDUGDU TXH R PRWRU
DUUHIHoD
3DUDHYLWDUHVWDVGLILFXOGDGHVDVFRPSDQKLDVIRUQHFHGRUDVGHFRPEXVWtYHODOWHUDP
DYRODWLOLGDGHGDJDVROLQDSDUDTXHHVWDVHDGDSWHjVYDULDo}HVGHWHPSHUDWXUDQR
YHUmRHQRLQYHUQR2JHORTXHVHIRUPDQDSDUWHH[WHUQDGRFDUEXUDGRUQmRFDXVD
SUREOHPDV SRUpP R TXH VH IRUPD HP VHX LQWHULRU SRGH UHGX]LU H SRU YH]HV
REVWUXLUDVSDVVDJHQVGRDU2PRWRUSHUGHSRWrQFLDH³PRUUH´TXDQGRIXQFLRQDHP
PDUFKDOHQWD
&RQVXPRGHFRPEXVWtYHO±$IRUPDGHGLULJLULQIOXLFRQVLGHUDYHOPHQWHQRFRQVXPR
GHFRPEXVWtYHO3RGHKDYHUYDULDo}HVPHVPRHPWUDMHWRVVHPHOKDQWHVSHUFRUULGRV



HP GLDV FRQVHFXWLYRV GHYLGR jV GLIHUHQoDV GH YHORFLGDGH H jV FRQGLo}HV GR
WUkQVLWR 8P DXWRPyYHO FLUFXODQGR HP HVWUDGD D  .PK SRGHUi FRQVXPLU  /WV
DRV  .P FRQVXPR HVWH TXH SRGHUi DXPHQWDU SDUD  /WV $RV  .PK 1D
FLGDGHRQGHRWUkQVLWRREULJDDUHSHWLGDVSDUDGDVHDUUDQTXHVRFRQVXPRSRGHUi
DWLQJLU RV  /WV  DRV  .P 2 FRQVXPR GH JDVROLQD GXUDQWH R SULPHLUR
TXLO{PHWUR SHUFRUULGR FRP R PRWRU IULR p PXLWR VXSHULRU DR FRQVXPR GXUDQWH R
SHUFXUVR GH  .P FRP R PRWRU TXHQWH UD]mR SHOD TXDO p LPSRUWDQWH DTXHFHU R
PRWRUWmRUDSLGDPHQWHTXDQWRSRVVtYHO
1mR p IiFLO FDOFXODU FRP H[DWLGmR R FRQVXPR GH FRPEXVWtYHO SRGHVH FRQWXGR
REWHUXPDLQGLFDomREDVWDQWHDSUR[LPDGDHQFKHQGRFRPSOHWDPHQWHRWDQTXHDQWHV
GH XPD YLDJHP ORQJD DSyVD TXDOVH YROWD D HQFKHUHVWH 'LYLGLQGR R Q~PHUR GH
OLWURV QHFHVViULRV SDUD HQFKHU QRYDPHQWH R WDQTXH SHORV TXLO{PHWURV SHUFRUULGRV
REWpPVH R FRQVXPR DSUR[LPDGR 3DUD GDGRV PDLV H[DWRV ID]HU D FRPSDUDomR
HQWUHRVUHVXOWDGRVGHGLYHUVDVYLDJHQV
5HILQDomRGRSHWUyOHRSDUDREWHQomRGDJDVROLQD±$JDVROLQDpXPGRVQXPHURVRV
SURGXWRVGHULYDGRVGR SHWUyOHREUXWRTXHpGHVWLODGRQDVUHILQDULDVQXPGHSyVLWR
PHWiOLFRGHVLJQDGRSRUWRUUHGHGHVWLODomRIUDFLRQDGD

2SHWUyOHRpDTXHFLGRQXPIRUQRDWpDWHPSHUDWXUDTXHJDUDQWDDYDSRUL]DomRGH
WRGRVRVSURGXWRVDVHUHPH[WUDtGRV¬PHGLGDTXHRYDSRUVREHQDFROXQDGDWRUUH
GH GHVWLODomR IUDFLRQDGD YDLVH FRQGHQVDQGR HP QtYHLV GLIHUHQWHV $ JDVROLQD
REWLGD QD WRUUH GH GHVWLODomR IUDFLRQDGD WHP XP tQGLFH GH RFWDQD EDL[R SHOR TXH
WHUi TXH VHU WUDWDGD D ILP GH VH REWHU XP tQGLFH GH RFWDQD PDLV HOHYDGR SDUD
HOLPLQDU RX SHOR PHQRV QHXWUDOL]DU RV HOHPHQWRV FRUURVLYRV RX TXH SURGX]HP
UHVtGXRV JRPRVRV $SyV HVVH WUDWDPHQWR p PLVWXUDGD SDUD TXH SRVVD DSUHVHQWDU
YiULRV tQGLFHV GH RFWDQD VHQGROKH WDPEpP DFUHVFHQWDGRV RV DGLWLYRV TXH
DXPHQWDP D VXD UHVLVWrQFLD j IRUPDomR GH JHOR QR FDUEXUDGRU2 SHWUyOHR p
DTXHFLGR QXP IRUQR DWp D WHPSHUDWXUD TXH JDUDQWD D YDSRUL]DomR GH WRGRV RV
SURGXWRV D VHUHP H[WUDtGRV ¬ PHGLGD TXH R YDSRU VREH QD FROXQD GD WRUUH GH
GHVWLODomR IUDFLRQDGD YDLVH FRQGHQVDQGR HP QtYHLV GLIHUHQWHV $ JDVROLQD REWLGD
QDWRUUHGHGHVWLODomRIUDFLRQDGDWHPXPtQGLFHGHRFWDQDEDL[RSHORTXHWHUiTXH
VHU WUDWDGD D ILPGH VH REWHU XP tQGLFHGH RFWDQD PDLV HOHYDGR SDUD HOLPLQDU RX
SHOR PHQRV QHXWUDOL]DU RV HOHPHQWRV FRUURVLYRV RX TXH SURGX]HP UHVtGXRV
JRPRVRV $SyV HVVH WUDWDPHQWR p PLVWXUDGD SDUD TXH SRVVD DSUHVHQWDU YiULRV
tQGLFHV GH RFWDQD VHQGROKH WDPEpP DFUHVFHQWDGRV RV DGLWLYRV TXH DXPHQWDP D
VXDUHVLVWrQFLDjIRUPDomRGHJHORQRFDUEXUDGRU

Coletor de admissão



2FROHWRUGHDGPLVVmRWHPGXDVIXQo}HVFRQWULEXLUSDUDDYDSRUL]DomRGDPLVWXUD
JDVRVDSURYHQLHQWHGRFDUEXUDGRUHGLVWULEXtODSHORVFLOLQGURVHPTXDQWLGDGHVWmR
XQLIRUPHVTXDQWRSRVVtYHO


$GLVWULEXLomRSHUIHLWDPHQWHXQLIRUPHQHPVHPSUHpSRVVtYHOMiTXHDPLVWXUDSRU
YH]HV QmR p WRGD YDSRUL]DGD QR FDUEXUDGRU FKHJDQGR DR FROHWRU GH DGPLVVmR
DOJXPDJDVROLQDDLQGDHPHVWDGROtTXLGR1XPPRWRUTXHDSUHVHQWHXPFDUEXUDGRU
SDUDFDGDFLOLQGURDVFRQVHTrQFLDVGHVVHIDWRQmRVmRUHOHYDQWHVMiTXHFDGDXP
UHFHEH D WRWDOLGDGH GR FRPEXVWtYHO TXH OKH p GHVWLQDGR 1R HQWDQWR TXDQGR R
FDUEXUDGRU WHP GH DOLPHQWDU PDLV GR TXH XP FLOLQGUR p QHFHVViULR XP VLVWHPD
DGLFLRQDOGHYDSRUL]DomRSDUDPHOKRUDUDGLVWULEXLomRGDPLVWXUD
1RUPDOPHQWH XPD ]RQD DTXHFLGD SHOR HVFDSDPHQWR H VLWXDGD QD SDUWH FHQWUDO GR
FROHWRUGHDGPLVVmRFRQVWLWXLXPYDSRUL]DGRUDX[LOLDUGHFRPEXVWtYHO2H[FHVVLYR
DTXHFLPHQWR GHVWD ]RQD SRGHUi GDU RULJHP D XPD SHUGD GH SRWrQFLD GHYLGR j
UHGXomRGDGHQVLGDGHGRDUHSDUDHYLWDUHVWHLQFRQYHQLHQWHH[LVWHPHPDOJXPDV
GHVVDV ]RQDV YiOYXODV UHJXODGDV SRU WHUPRVWDWR TXH VH IHFKDP TXDQGR DV
WHPSHUDWXUDVGRVHVFDSDPHQWRVVmRGHPDVLDGRHOHYDGDV
6H D GLVSRVLomR GR PRWRU QmR SHUPLWLU D LQFOXVmR GH XPD ]RQD DTXHFLGD SHOR
HVFDSDPHQWR R FROHWRU GH DGPLVVmR SRGH VHU DTXHFLGR SRU iJXD GR VLVWHPD GH
UHVIULDPHQWR RX DWp PHVPR SRU WHUPRVWDWRV HOpWULFRV IL[DGRV DR FROHWRU GH
DGPLVVmR
2 DTXHFLPHQWR SRU iJXD DVVHJXUD XPD WHPSHUDWXUD PDLV FRQVWDQWH QXPD ]RQD
PDLRU SRUpP DSyV XP DUUDQTXH FRP PRWRU IULR QmR VH WRUQD WmR UDSLGDPHQWH
HILFD]FRPRRDTXHFLPHQWRSURSRUFLRQDGRSHORHVFDSDPHQWR




2IRUPDWRGRFROHWRUSRGHDMXGDUDHYLWDUDIRUPDomRGHJRWDVGHFRPEXVWtYHOVHP
GLPLQXLURIOX[RGHDURTXHUHVXOWDXPDJUDQGHYDULHGDGHGHIRUPDVHGLPHQV}HV
GRVFROHWRUHVGHDGPLVVmR
&DUEXUDGRUHV GXSORV H FROHWRUHV HP IRUPD GH IRUTXLOKD ± 4XDQGR VmR XWLOL]DGRV
GRLV FDUEXUDGRUHV LQGHSHQGHQWHV QXP PRWRU GH  FLOLQGURV VmR QRUPDOPHQWH
OLJDGRV D FROHWRUHV FXUWRV ELIXUFDGRV DOLPHQWDQGR FDGD XP GHOHV  FLOLQGURV $
PHVPDGLVSRVLomRDSDUHFHQRVPRWRUHVGHFLOLQGURVFRPFDUEXUDGRUHV1RFDVR
GHFDUEXUDGRUHVGHGXSORFRUSRFDGDXPQXPPRWRUGHFLOLQGURVDOLPHQWDXP
VyFLOLQGUR
(P DXWRPyYHLV GH HOHYDGD SRWrQFLD p IUHTHQWH D XWLOL]DomR GH OLJDo}HV IOH[tYHLV
GR FDUEXUDGRU SDUD HYLWDU TXH D YLEUDomR GR PRWRU Gr RULJHP j IRUPDomR GH
HVSXPD QD FXED GH QtYHO FRQVWDQWH (P WRGDV DV LQVWDODo}HV GH FDUEXUDGRUHV
P~OWLSORV p QHFHVViULR OLJDU RV FROHWRUHV LQGHSHQGHQWHV FRP XP WXER HTXLOLEUDGRU
SDUDHYLWDUGHVLJXDOGDGHVQDDOLPHQWDomR

Válvula PCV
'XUDQWH D RSHUDomR GR PRWRU JDVHV TXH HVFDSDP GD FkPDUD GH FRPEXVWmR VmR
DFXPXODGRV QR FiUWHU 2 DF~PXOR GHVWHV JDVHV SUHMXGLFLDLV UHGX]LUmR D YLGD GR
PRWRU FRQVLGHUDYHOPHQWH (VWHV JDVHV SRVVXHP HPLVV}HV SUHMXGLFLDLV WDLV FRPR
KLGURFDUERQHWRV PRQy[LGR GH FDUERQR H y[LGRV GHQLWURJrQLR HVmR XPD IRQWH GH
SROXLomRGRDU

2 VLVWHPD GH 9HQWLODomR 3RVLWLYD GR &iUWHU 39& p XWLOL]DGR SDUD UHPRYHU HVWHV
JDVHV GR FiUWHU H GLUHFLRQiORV GH YROWD SDUD D FkPDUD GH FRPEXVWmR RQGH RV
PHVPRVSRGHPVHUTXHLPDGRV HPYH]GH OLEHUiORVSDUDDDWPRVIHUD(VWH pXP
PpWRGRPDLVHILFLHQWHGHYHQWLODomRH pQHFHVViULRSDUDDWHQGHUDVQRUPDVDWXDLV
GH HPLVVmR $ PDLRULD GRV VLVWHPDV XVDP XPD YiOYXOD PHFkQLFD SDUD FRQWURODU D
YHORFLGDGH GR IOX[R HQTXDQWR RXWURV XVDP XP FRQMXQWR VHSDUDGRU GH yOHR $
WHQVmRGDPRODGDYiOYXODpSURMHWDGDHVSHFLILFDPHQWHSDUDFDGDPRWRU

$ WHQVmR GD PROD FRQWUROD R IOX[R GH YDSRUHV GR FiUWHU GR PRWRU ,VWR LPSHGH D
IRUPDomRGHSUHVVmRQRFiUWHUHRFRQVXPRH[FHVVLYRGHyOHR

2 DU IUHVFR GR ILOWUR GH DU p VXSULGR DR

FiUWHU /i R PHVPR p PLVWXUDGR FRP
JDVHV TXH HVFDSDP GR SURFHVVR GH
FRPEXVWmR $ PLVWXUD GH DU IUHVFR H
JDVHV SDVVD DWUDYpV GD YiOYXOD GR 3&9
SDUD R FROHWRU GH DGPLVVmR 'HVWH
SRQWRDPHVPDFLUFXODGHQWURGRPRWRU
H p TXHLPDGD QR SURFHVVR GH
FRPEXVWmR

)DOKD GD YiOYXOD GR 39& RX XPD

DSOLFDomRLQFRUUHWDSRGHFDXVDUDIRUPDomRGHODPDQRFiUWHUSUHVV}HVLQFRUUHWDV
QRFiUWHUHSUREOHPDVQRGHVHPSHQKRGRPRWRU

Válvula EGR




2VVLVWHPDV(*5WrPVLGRXVDGRVHPYHtFXORVKiPXLWRVDQRV2SULQFLSDOREMHWLYR
GRVLVWHPDpFRQWURODUDVWHPSHUDWXUDVGDFkPDUDGHFRPEXVWmR,VWRpIHLWRSDUD
UHGX]LUDTXDQWLGDGHGHy[LGRVGH1LWURJrQLR1R[QRHVFDSDPHQWR(PERUDR(*5
VHMD QHFHVViULR SDUD FRQWURODU HPLVV}HV GH 1R[ R PHVPR WDPEpP DIHWD D
HILFLrQFLDYROXPpWULFD

$ YiOYXOD (*5 OLQHDU SURSLFLD XPD

OLJDomRHQWUHDDGPLVVmRGHDUHRVLVWHPDGHHVFDSDPHQWR1RUPDOPHQWHRPRWRU
SX[D DU DWUDYpV GRFRUSR GH ERUEROHWD SDUD R FROHWRUGH DGPLVVmR $YiOYXOD (*5
OLQHDU p FRORFDGD QXPD SRVLomR WDO TXH TXDQGR D PHVPD p DEHUWD XP SRXFR GH
JDVHVGHHVFDSDPHQWRIOXLWDPEpPSDUDDDGPLVVmR

&RQIRUPH R SLVWmR VH PRYH SDUD EDL[R QR FXUVR GH DGPLVVmR D FRPELQDomR GH
DUFRPEXVWtYHO H HVFDSDPHQWR HQWUD QD FkPDUD GH FRPEXVWmR (PERUD R YROXPH
GHJDVHVHQWUDQGRQDFkPDUDGHFRPEXVWmRVHMDRPHVPRKDYHUiPHQRVDUSDUD
TXHLPDU TXDQGR R FRPEXVWtYHO p LQIODPDGR GH PRGR TXH D WHPSHUDWXUD H D
SUHVVmR GR FLOLQGUR GLPLQXLUmR 0HQRV R[LJrQLR H WHPSHUDWXUDV PDLV EDL[DV
HTXLYDOHPDXPDTXHGDQRVQtYHLVGH1R[

9LVWRTXHDSUHVVmRQRFLOLQGURpTXHP
HPSXUUD R SLVWmR SDUD EDL[R R
GHVHPSHQKR GR PRWRU SRGH VHU
DIHWDGR SHOD GLPLQXLomR QD SUHVVmR GR
FLOLQGUR
$WXDOPHQWH H[LVWHP PRWRUHV TXH QmR
XWLOL]DPYiOYXODV(*5,VWRpREWLGRGH
XPDFRPELQDomRGHSURMHWRGHPRWRUH
FDOLEUDo}HV FRPSXWDGRUL]DGRV GH
FRQWUROHGH DOLPHQWDomRHWHPSR&RP
D VREUHSRVLomR DSURSULDGD GD YiOYXOD
DV WHPSHUDWXUDV GR FLOLQGUR VmR
FRQWURODGDV H DV HPLVV}HV GH 1R[
UHGX]LGDV
$ YiOYXOD (*5 HQFRQWUDVH ORFDOL]DGD
QXPWXERHQWUHRVFROHWRUHVGHHVFDSH
H GH DGPLVVmR 4XDQGR p DSOLFDGR
YiFXRSHODYiOYXODUHJXODGRUDGHYiFXR
(*5RGLDIUDJPDDEUHDVHGHGDYiOYXODFRQWUDDSUHVVmRGHXPDPRODHSHUPLWHD
HQWUDGDGRVJDVHVGHHVFDSH$VHGHGDYiOYXODpIHFKDGDQRYDPHQWHSHODSUHVVmR
GDPRODTXDQGRRYiFXRGHL[DGHVHUDSOLFDGR




$YiOYXOD(*5pDEHUWDGHDFRUGRFRPDVFRQGLo}HVGHIXQFLRQDPHQWRGRPRWRUH
RVYDORUHVGHUHJXODJHPSDUDUHFLUFXODomRGRVJDVHVGHHVFDSHHVWmRPHPRUL]DGRV
QRPyGXORGHLQMHomRHOHWU{QLFD

9iOYXODUHJXODGRUDGHYiFXR(*5

$YiOYXODUHJXODGRUDGHYiFXR(*5HQFRQWUDVHORFDOL]DGDQRWXERGHYiFXRTXHYDL
GRFROHWRUGHDGPLVVmRSDUDDYiOYXOD(*5

4XDQGR D YiOYXOD UHJXODGRUD GH YiFXR (*5 ILFD VHP DOLPHQWDomR GH WHQVmR R
YiFXRDWXDVREUHRSUDWRPHWiOLFRGDYiOYXODTXHVHHQFRQWUDSUHVVLRQDGRFRQWUDD
VHGHGDYiOYXODSHODIRUoDGDPRODHRYiFXRpUHGX]LGRSHODHQWUDGDGRDUIUHVFR
(VWH DU SDVVD DWUDYpV GH XP ILOWUR GH HVSXPD QR DORMDPHQWR VXSHULRU GD YiOYXOD
UHJXODGRUDGHYiFXR2YiFXRUHVWDQWHQmRpVXILFLHQWHSDUDDEULUDYiOYXOD(*5

$ YiOYXOD UHJXODGRUD GH YiFXR p GHVDFRSODGD DWUDYpV GH XP SRQWR GH
HVWUDQJXODPHQWR QD OLJDomR GR WXER IOH[tYHO GR WXER GH YiFXR SDUD R FROHWRU GH
DGPLVVmRGHIRUPDTXHDSUHVVmRSRVVDVHUUHJXODGD4XDQGRDYiOYXODUHJXODGRUD
GH YiFXR p DFLRQDGD SRU LPSXOVRV GH PDVVD DWUDYpV GR PyGXOR GH LQMHomR
HOHWU{QLFD R FDPSR PDJQpWLFR GD ERELQD DXPHQWD D IRUoD GH IHFKDPHQWR GD
YiOYXOD GH VHGH SODQD GDGR TXH R SUDWR HP IHUUR GD YiOYXOD p DWUDtGR
PDJQHWLFDPHQWH,VWRSHUPLWH DFULDomRGH XP YiFXR TXH DWXD VREUH R GLDIUDJPD
GDYiOYXOD(*5DEULQGRD

2 YiFXR QD YiOYXOD UHJXODGRUD GH YiFXR SRGH VHU FRQWURODGR SHORV LPSXOVRV GH
PDVVDYDULiYHLV'HVWHPRGRDYiOYXOD(*5pDEHUWDGHIRUPDTXHDUHFLUFXODomR
GRV JDVHV GH HVFDSH QR FLUFXLWR IHFKDGR HVWHMD GH DFRUGR FRP RV YDORUHV
HVSHFtILFRVQRPDSDPHPRUL]DGRQRPyGXORGHFRQWUROHGRPRWRU

Tanque
$WXDOPHQWHRVWDQTXHVGHJDVROLQDHVWmRPRQWDGRVRPDLVORQJHSRVVtYHOGRPRWRU
RXVHMDQDSDUWHGHWUiVGRYHtFXORTXDQGRHVWHWHPRPRWRUjIUHQWHQDSDUWHGD
IUHQWH TXDQGR R PRWRU HVWi QD SDUWH GH WUiV H[FHWR XP RX RXWUR FDVR
(VWDGLVSRVLomRUHGX]RSHULJRGHLQFrQGLRHSHUPLWHDORFDOL]DomRGRWDQTXHDXP
QtYHO PDLV EDL[R TXH R GR FRPSDUWLPHQWR GR PRWRU 4XDQWR PDLV EDL[R HVWLYHU R
WDQTXH ± EDVWDQWH SHVDGR TXDQGR FKHLR  PHQRV DIHWDUi D HVWDELOLGDGH GR
DXWRPyYHO

2 LQWHULRU GH DOJXQV WDQTXHV HQFRQWUDVH GLYLGLGR SDUD HYLWDU R GHVORFDPHQWR GR
FRPEXVWtYHO TXDQGR R DXWRPyYHO IUHLD RX GHVFUHYH XPD FXUYD H p QRUPDOPHQWH
WUDWDGR SDUD QmR HQIHUUXMDU GHYLGR j FRQGHQVDomR GD XPLGDGH 2V WDQTXHV GH
JDVROLQDHUDPQRUPDOPHQWHPHWiOLFRVHDWXDOPHQWHWHPVHXVDGRPXLWRRSOiVWLFR
$VXDFDSDFLGDGHYDULDHQWUH/WVH/WVVHJXQGRRPRGHORGRDXWRPyYHOH
DVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGRPRWRU

$WXDOPHQWHRVWDQTXHVGHJDVROLQDHVWmRPRQWDGRVRPDLVORQJHSRVVtYHOGRPRWRU
RXVHMDQDSDUWHGHWUiVGRYHtFXORTXDQGRHVWHWHPRPRWRUjIUHQWHQDSDUWHGD
IUHQWHTXDQGRRPRWRUHVWiQDSDUWHGHWUiVH[FHWRXPRXRXWURFDVR

(VWDGLVSRVLomRUHGX]RSHULJRGHLQFrQGLRHSHUPLWHDORFDOL]DomRGRWDQTXHDXP
QtYHO PDLV EDL[R TXH R GR FRPSDUWLPHQWR GR PRWRU 4XDQWR PDLV EDL[R HVWLYHU R
WDQTXH ± EDVWDQWH SHVDGR TXDQGR FKHLR  PHQRV DIHWDUi D HVWDELOLGDGH GR
DXWRPyYHO



2 LQWHULRU GH DOJXQV WDQTXHV HQFRQWUDVH GLYLGLGR SDUD HYLWDU R GHVORFDPHQWR GR
FRPEXVWtYHO TXDQGR R DXWRPyYHO IUHLD RX GHVFUHYH XPD FXUYD H p QRUPDOPHQWH
WUDWDGR SDUD QmR HQIHUUXMDU GHYLGR j FRQGHQVDomR GD XPLGDGH 2V WDQTXHV GH
JDVROLQDHUDPQRUPDOPHQWHPHWiOLFRVHDWXDOPHQWHWHPVHXVDGRPXLWRRSOiVWLFR
$VXDFDSDFLGDGHYDULDHQWUH/WVH/WVVHJXQGRRPRGHORGRDXWRPyYHOH
DVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGRPRWRU

(P UHJUD XP WDQTXH FKHLR SHUPLWH j PDLRULD GRV DXWRPyYHLV SHUFRUUHU
QRUPDOPHQWH XP PtQLPR GH  NP $OJXQV DXWRPyYHLV WrP XP WDQTXH GH
FRPEXVWtYHOGHUHVHUYDRXWURVGLVS}HPGHXPDOX]GHDYLVRTXHVHDFHQGHTXDQGR
RQtYHOGHJDVROLQDHVWiPXLWREDL[R2WXERGHHQFKLPHQWRGHXPWDQTXHGHYHWHU
D ODUJXUD VXILFLHQWH SDUD DGPLWLU R IOX[RGH FRPEXVWtYHO jYHORFLGDGH D TXH HVWH p
GHELWDGR SHODV ERPEDV GRV SRVWRV GH JDVROLQD H SDUD SHUPLWLU D VDtGD GR DU GR
LQWHULRUGRWDQTXHjPHGLGDTXHHVVHYDLVHHQFKHQGR
2VWDQTXHVDSUHVHQWDPWXERVGH UHVSLURQRWDPSmRSDUDSHUPLWLUD HQWUDGDGHDU
QR VHX LQWHULRU FRQIRUPH R FRPEXVWtYHO YDL VHQGR FRQVXPLGR D ILP GH HYLWDU D
IRUPDomRGRYiFXR

Canister
+LGURFDUERQHWRV VmR OLEHUDGRV GR WDQTXH GH FRPEXVWtYHO QD IRUPD GH YDSRUHV
DURPiWLFRV2VQtYHLVGHHPLVVmRHYDSRUDWLYDVmRDIHWDGRVSHORWLSRGHFRPEXVWtYHO
XWLOL]DGRSHODLQWHJULGDGHGDVOLQKDVHGRUHFLSLHQWHGHYDSRUFkQLVWHUEHPFRPR
SHOD FDSDFLGDGH GD WDPSD GR WDQTXH GH FRPEXVWtYHO SDUD YHGDU 3RUWDQWR GHYH
H[LVWLUXPVLVWHPDSDUDDUPD]HQDURVYDSRUHVOLEHUDGRVGRFRPEXVWtYHO




 
9DSRUHV GH JDVROLQD VmR DFXPXODGRV QR WDQTXH GH FRPEXVWtYHO GR YHtFXOR 6H
OLEHUDGRVSDUDDDWPRVIHUDKLGURFDUERQHWRV+&WDPEpPVHULDPOLEHUDGRVSDUDD
DWPRVIHUD'HPRGRDUHGX]LUDVHPLVV}HVGH+&GDHYDSRUDomRGHFRPEXVWtYHORV
YDSRUHVVmRGLUHFLRQDGRVSDUDXPUHFLSLHQWHFkQLVWHUFRQWHQGRFDUYmRDWLYDGR

Bomba de combustível
$ ERPED GH JDVROLQD WRUQDVH QHFHVViULD QXP VLVWHPD GH DOLPHQWDomR Mi TXH R
FDUEXUDGRU DWUDYpV GR TXDO SDVVD WRGD D JDVROLQD ILFD QRUPDOPHQWH D XP QtYHO
PDLVHOHYDGRTXHRWDQTXHHEDVWDQWHDIDVWDGRGHVWH


([LVWHP GRLV WLSRV GH ERPEDV DV PHFkQLFDV TXH VH VLWXDP QHFHVVDULDPHQWH QR
FRPSDUWLPHQWR GR PRWRU SRLV VmR DFLRQDGDV SRU HVWH H HOpWULFDV LQVWDODGDV
QRUPDOPHQWHSUy[LPRGRWDQTXHDIDVWDGDVGRPRWRUHGRFDORUSRUHVWHOLEHUDGR

Mecânica
&RQVLVWH QXPD FkPDUD GLYLGLGD SRU XP GLDIUDJPD $ SDUWH VXSHULRU FRQWpP XP
ILOWUR H XP FRSR GH VHGLPHQWDomR H DSUHVHQWD GXDV YiOYXODV FRP PRODV SDUD
UHJXODURIOX[RGDJDVROLQD

1D SDUWH LQIHULRU HQFRQWUDVH XPD PROD TXH UHJXOD D SUHVVmR GH DOLPHQWDomR GD
JDVROLQD H XPD KDVWH GH FRPDQGR EUDoR RX DODYDQFD DFLRQDGD SHOD iUYRUH GH
FRPDQGR GDV YiOYXODV 2 GLDIUDJPD p DOWHUQDGDPHQWH LPSHOLGR SDUD EDL[R SHOD
KDVWHHSDUDFLPDSHODPROD4XDQGRRFDUEXUDGRUHVWiFKHLRHDYiOYXODGHDJXOKD
IHFKDGD QmRVHYHULILFD TXDOTXHU SDVVDJHP GH JDVROLQD H RGLDIUDJPD SHUPDQHFH
QDVXDSRVLomRLQIHULRU(PFRQVHTrQFLDDKDVWHGHFRPDQGRRVFLODVHPDFLRQDUR



GLDIUDJPD $V ERPEDV PHFkQLFDV VmR PXLWR HILFD]HV FRQWXGR IXQFLRQDP DSHQDV
FRP R PRWRU WUDEDOKDQGR H DSHVDU GH LVRODGRV HVWmR VXMHLWRV D DomR GR FDORU GR
PRWRU

Elétrica

$V ERPEDV HOpWULFDV WHP R PHVPR SULQFtSLR GDV ERPEDV PHFkQLFDV ERPEHDU
FRPEXVWtYHO
([LVWHP GXDV SRVLo}HV RQGH VmR FRORFDGDV LQWHUQDPHQWH QR WDQTXH GH
FRPEXVWtYHO H H[WHUQDPHQWH QDV WXEXODo}HV TXH OHYDP D JDVROLQD DWp R PRWRU
4XDQWRDRVWLSRVGHERPEDVWHPRVGHUROHWHVHSDOHWDV

Filtro de ar
2VDXWRPyYHLVPRGHUQRVDSUHVHQWDPjHQWUDGDGRFDUEXUDGRUXPILOWURGHDUFXMD
IXQomR SULQFLSDO FRQVLVWH HP HYLWDU D HQWUDGD GH SRHLUD H RXWUDV SDUWtFXODV QR
FDUEXUDGRUHFRQVHTXHQWHPHQWHQRVFLOLQGURV

8P PRWRUXWLOL]D HQWUH  / H/GH DU SRUPLQXWRVHQGR DEVROXWDPHQWH

QHFHVViULR D H[LVWrQFLD GH XP ILOWUR SDUD HYLWDU D HQWUDGD GH SDUWtFXODV GH SRHLUD
TXH LULDP REVWUXLU FDOLEUDGRUHV GH DU RX RULJLQDU GHVJDVWH QRV SLVW}HV H QRV
FLOLQGURV




2VILOWURVTXDQGRVXMRVRIHUHFHPXPDFHUWDUHVLVWrQFLDDRIOX[RGHDUHDIHWDPR
UHQGLPHQWRGRFDUEXUDGRUGHYHQGRSRUWDQWRVHUOLPSRVRXVXEVWLWXtGRVDLQWHUYDORV
UHJXODUHVFRPRSRUH[HPSORD
FDGDNP

2 ILOWUR GH DU WDPEpP DWXD

FRPR VLOHQFLRVR Mi TXH DWHQXD
R UXtGR TXH SURGX] R DU DR
HQWUDU QR FROHWRU GH DGPLVVmR
2 ILOWUR H D WRPDGD GH DU VmR
SURMHWDGRV GH PDQHLUD D
GLPLQXLU D UHVVRQkQFLD FDXVDGD
SHODV IOXWXDo}HV GH SUHVVmR QR
FROHWRUGHDGPLVVmR

2V PRWRUHV WrP QD VXD

PDLRULD XP FLUFXLWR IHFKDGR GH UHVSLUDomR TXH HYLWD TXH RV JDVHV GR &DUWHU
SDVVHP SDUDD DWPRVIHUD $OJXQV VLVWHPDVS}HP R FiUWHU HPFRPXQLFDomR FRP R
ILOWUR GH DU SRU PHLR GH XP WXER GH ERUUDFKD RX SOiVWLFR TXH OLJD D WDPSD GDV
YiOYXODV DR ILOWUR (P RXWUR VLVWHPD D FRPXQLFDomR p IHLWD FRP R FROHWRU GH
DGPLVVmR

1XPHURVRVILOWURVGHDUWrPSRVLo}HVSDUDYHUmRHLQYHUQR1DSRVLomRGHLQYHUQRR
ILOWURDVSLUDRDUTXHFLUFXQGDRFROHWRUGHHVFDSDPHQWRRTXHIDFLOLWDRDUUDQTXHj
IULRHHYLWDTXHRFDUEXUDGRUJHOH&RQWXGRGDGRTXHRDUTXHQWHSHUGHGHQVLGDGH
YHULILFDVHXPDOLJHLUDTXHGDGHUHQGLPHQWR-iQRVSDtVHVWHPSHUDGRVRXTXHQWHV
QmRpQHFHVViULDDPXGDQoDGHSRVLomR

(VWDPXGDQoDGHSRVLomRpIHLWDDXWRPDWLFDPHQWHSHODYiOYXODWKHUPDF

([LVWHP YiULRV WLSRV GH ILOWURV GH DU GHSHQGHQGR DV VXDV IRUPDV H GLPHQV}HV
JHUDOPHQWHGRHVSDoRRFXSDGRSHORPRWRU2ILOWURFRPHOHPHQWRGHSDSHOpRPDLV
XWLOL]DGRWHPXPDPDLRUOHYH]DHFDSDFLGDGH2HOHPHQWRILOWUDQWHpIDEULFDGRFRP
SDSHO ILEURVR WUDWDGR FRP UHVLQD GREUDGR HP VDQIRQD D ILP GH RIHUHFHU XPD
PHOKRUVXSHUItFLHGHFRQWDWRFRPRDUTXHRDWUDYHVVD

2 ILOWUR HP EDQKR GH yOHR IRL DPSODPHQWH XWLOL]DGR HP SDtVHV RQGH R DU HVWi
LPSUHJQDGRGHSRHLUD2DUTXHSHQHWUDSHOR FHQWURGRILOWURSDVVDSHOREDQKRGH
yOHR RQGHILFDP UHWLGDV DV SDUWtFXODV GHSRHLUDPDLV SHVDGDV 4XDQGR R DUSDVVD
SHORHOHPHQWRGHUHGHPHWiOLFDHPEDL[RDSRHLUDUHVWDQWHHDOJXPDVSDUWtFXODV
GHyOHRDUUDVWDGDVQRPRYLPHQWRGRDUILFDPQHOHUHWLGDVFRPSOHWDQGRVHDVVLPD
ILOWUDJHPGRDUTXHFKHJDOLPSRDRPRWRU

)LOWURGHUHGHPHWiOLFD




 

$ UHGHPHWiOLFD RWLSR PDLVVLPSOHVGH ILOWURGHDUFRQVLVWH QXPDUHGHGHPDOKD

ODUJD LPSUHJQDGD GH yOHR DQWHV GH VHU FRORFDGD QR ILOWUR $ VXD GXUDomR p
SUDWLFDPHQWH LOLPLWDGD GHVGH TXH D UHGH VHMD GHVPRQWDGD SHULRGLFDPHQWH SDUD
OLPSH]DHLPSUHJQDomRGHyOHR([LVWLDXPDLQILQLGDGHGHPRGHORVGHILOWURVGHUHGH
PHWiOLFDDOJXQV GRV TXDLV DSUHVHQWDYDP XPD FkPDUD LGrQWLFD j GHXP VLOHQFLRVR
GHHVFDSDPHQWRDILPGHUHGX]LURUXtGR

Carburação
$ GHSUHVVmR RULJLQDGD QRV FLOLQGURV TXDQGR RV SLVW}HV GHVFHP QR WHPSR GH
DGPLVVmR DVSLUD R DU SDUD RV FLOLQGURV (VWH DWUDYHVVD R FDUEXUDGRU VHQGR D VXD
TXDQWLGDGH UHJXODGD SRU XPD YiOYXOD URWDWLYD GHVLJQDGD SRU ERUEROHWD TXH VH
DEUHRXIHFKDVHFRQIRUPHDSUHVVmRH[HUFLGDVREUHRDFHOHUDGRU

$ TXDQWLGDGH GH DU DVSLUDGR GHSHQGH GD URWDomR GR PRWRU H GD SRVLomR GD
ERUEROHWD $ IXQomR GR FDUEXUDGRU FRQVLVWH HP DVVHJXUDU TXH j FRUUHQWH GH DU VH
MXQWH D XP GHWHUPLQDGR YROXPH GH JDVROLQD SDUD TXH FKHJXH DRV FLOLQGURV XPD
PLVWXUDFRUUHWD

$JDVROLQDSURYHQLHQWHGDFXEDGHQtYHOFRQVWDQWHMXQWDVHjFRUUHQWHGHDUQXPD
SDVVDJHPHVWUHLWDGHQRPLQDGDGLIXVRURXFRQHGH9HQWXULFXMRIXQFLRQDPHQWRVH
EDVHLDQRSULQFtSLRGH TXHDSUHVVmRGHXPD FRUUHQWHGHDUGLPLQXL TXDQGRDVXD
YHORFLGDGHDXPHQWD4XDQGR R DUSDVVDDWUDYpVGRHVWUDQJXODPHQWRGRGLIXVRUD
VXDYHORFLGDGHDXPHQWDVHQGRSUHFLVDPHQWHQHVVD]RQDGHEDL[DVSUHVV}HVTXHD
JDVROLQDpDVSLUDGDSHODFRUUHQWHGHDU

2IOX[RGRDUVHUiRPi[LPRTXDQGRRPRWRUWUDEDOKDUjYHORFLGDGHPi[LPDFRPD
ERUEROHWD FRPSOHWDPHQWH DEHUWD 4XDQWR PDLRU IRU D YHORFLGDGH GR DU TXH SDVVD
SHORGLIXVRUPDLRUVHUiDDVSLUDomRGHJDVROLQD




 



1D SUiWLFD XP FDUEXUDGRU WmR VLPSOHV FRPR R DFLPD GHVFULWR QmR VHULD
VDWLVIDWyULR SRLV D JDVROLQD H R DU QmR WrP DV PHVPDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GH IOX[R
(QTXDQWR D GHQVLGDGH GR DU GLPLQXL j PHGLGD TXH D YHORFLGDGH GR VHX IOX[R
DXPHQWD D GHQVLGDGH GD JDVROLQD PDQWpPVH FRQVWDQWH TXDOTXHU TXH VHMD D
YHORFLGDGHGRVHXIOX[R&RPRDPLVWXUDJDVRVDSDUDWHUXPDFRPEXVWmRHILFLHQWH
GHYH IRUPDVH HP UHODomR DR VHX SHVR QXPD SURSRUomR DSUR[LPDGD GH  H
GDGRTXHDXPHQWDQGRDYHORFLGDGHGRDUGLPLQXLULDDVXDGHQVLGDGHDPLVWXUDLULD
HQULTXHFHQGR SURJUHVVLYDPHQWH SRGHQGR WRUQDUVH WmR ULFD TXH QmR FKHJDULD D
LQIODPDUVH
([LVWHPGRLVSURFHVVRVSDUDVROXFLRQDUHVWHSUREOHPDQXPFDUEXUDGRUGHGLIXVRUH
MDWRVIL[RVXPFHUWRYROXPHGHDUPLVWXUDVHFRPDJDVROLQDDQWHVGHHVWDSDVVDU
SDUD R GLIXVRU DWUDYpV GH XP FRQMXQWR GH WXERV HPXOVLRQDGRUHV RX GH
FRPSHQVDGRUHV
-i QXP FDUEXUDGRU GH GLIXVRU H MDWRV YDULiYHLV SRGHP YDULDUVH D TXDQWLGDGH GH
JDVROLQD GHELWDGD SHOR SXOYHUL]DGRU EHP FRPR DV GLPHQV}HV GR GLIXVRU SDUD
PDQWHUDVFRUUHWDVSURSRUo}HVGHDUHJDVROLQD
$JDVROLQDQDFXEDGHQtYHOFRQVWDQWHGRFDUEXUDGRUPDQWpPVHVHPSUHDRPHVPR
QtYHO JUDoDV D XPD YiOYXOD DFLRQDGD SHOD EyLD $ H[WUHPLGDGH GR FRQGXWRU GH
JDVROLQDTXHGHVHPERFDQRGLIXVRUGHYHILFDUPDLVDOWDTXHRQtYHOGDJDVROLQDQD
FXEDGHQtYHOFRQVWDQWHSDUDHYLWDUiVDtGDGHFRPEXVWtYHOTXDQGRRDXWRPyYHOVH
LQFOLQDFRPRDFRQWHFHSRUH[HPSORQXPDVXELGDRXGHVFLGD,VWRTXHUGL]HUTXH
DJDVROLQDWHPGHVXELUOLJHLUDPHQWH±FHUFDGHPP±DQWHVGHVHPLVWXUDUFRPR
IOX[R GR DU QR GLIXVRU $ VXFomR FULDGD SHOD GHSUHVVmR p VXILFLHQWH SDUD HOHYDU D
JDVROLQD DFLPD GR SXOYHUL]DGRU H SDUD LQWURGX]LOD QR GLIXVRU VRE IRUPD GH
SHTXHQDVJRWDV
$OpPGHDVSLUDUDJDVROLQDHRDURVLVWHPDGHFDUEXUDomRGHYHWDPEpPSXOYHUL]DU
D JDVROLQD PLVWXUiOD SHUIHLWDPHQWH FRP R DU H GLVWULEXLU D PLVWXUD GH PDQHLUD
XQLIRUPHSHORVFLOLQGURV$JDVROLQDDSUHVHQWDVHMiVREDIRUPDGHSHTXHQDVJRWDV
TXDQGR HQWUD QR GLIXVRU 1XP FDUEXUDGRU GH GLIXVRU H MDWRV IL[RV p SUpYLD H
SDUFLDOPHQWHHPXOVLRQDGDFRPRDUMiQXPFDUEXUDGRUGHGLIXVRUHMDWRVYDULiYHLV
D GLYLVmR HP SHTXHQDV JRWDV RFRUUH QR GLIXVRU H p SURYRFDGD SHOD YHORFLGDGH GD
FRUUHQWHGHDU
4XDQGRDPLVWXUDJDVRVDSDVVDSHODERUEROHWDSHQHWUDQRFROHWRUSRULQIOXrQFLDGD
GHSUHVVmRUHVXOWDQWHGDVXFomRGRSLVWmRWHQGRLQtFLRDYDSRUL]DomR GDVJRWtFXODV
GHJDVROLQD$YHORFLGDGHGDYDSRUL]DomRGHSHQGHGRYDORUGDGHSUHVVmRQRFROHWRU
GHDGPLVVmRTXHSRUVLGHSHQGHGDURWDomRGRPRWRUHGDSRVLomRGDERUEROHWD
$ JUDQGH YHORFLGDGH TXDQGR D ERUEROHWD VH HQFRQWUD WRWDOPHQWH DEHUWD D
GHSUHVVmRSRGHUiVHUGHYDORUWmREDL[RTXHJUDQGHSDUWHGDJDVROLQDSHUPDQHFHUi




HPHVWDGROtTXLGRHVHUiWUDQVSRUWDGDSHORDURXHVFRUUHUiDRORQJRGDVSDUHGHVGR
FROHWRU¬YHORFLGDGHFUX]HLURFRPDERUEROHWDSDUFLDOPHQWHIHFKDGD DGHSUHVVmR
DXPHQWD SHOR TXH D PDLRU SDUWH GD JDVROLQD ILFDUi YDSRUL]DGD 1RV PRWRUHV HP
TXH H[LVWH XP FDUEXUDGRU SDUD FDGD FLOLQGUR R IDWR GD PLVWXUD VH HQFRQWUDU
SDUFLDOPHQWH QR HVWDGR OtTXLGR p LUUHOHYDQWH SRLV HVWD LUi YDSRUL]DUVH QD FkPDUD
GH H[SORVmR SHOD DomR GR FDORU 3RUpP TXDQGR Vy XP FDUEXUDGRU DOLPHQWD YiULRV
FLOLQGURV D GLVWULEXLomR XQLIRUPH p IXQGDPHQWDO PDV GLItFLO VH D PLVWXUD HVWLYHU
~PLGD (OHYDQGR D WHPSHUDWXUD GR FROHWRU GH DGPLVVmR SRU PHLR GH XP ³SRQWR
TXHQWH´ DTXHFLGR SHORV JDVHV GH HVFDSDPHQWR RX SRU iJXD FRQVHJXHVH XPD
PHOKRU YDSRUL]DomR GD JDVROLQD H SRUWDQWR XPD GLVWULEXLomR PDLV XQLIRUPH GD
PLVWXUD

Difusor jatos fixos

2 FDUEXUDGRU GH GLIXVRU H MDWRV IL[RV DSUHVHQWD YiULRV SXOYHUL]DGRUHV
DOLPHQWDGRUHVMDWRVRX³JLJOHUHV´GRIUDQFrVJLFOHXUHXPDERPEDGHDFHOHUDomR
RXGHUHSULVHSDUDID]HUYDULDUDULTXH]DGDPLVWXUDGHDFRUGRFRPDVQHFHVVLGDGHV
GRPRWRU

¬ PHGLGD TXH D FRUUHQWH GH DU TXH SDVVD SHOR GLIXVRU GR FDUEXUDGRU DXPHQWD GH
YHORFLGDGH R DU WRUQDVH PHQRV GHQVR SHOR TXH QD DXVrQFLD GH TXDOTXHU
GLVSRVLWLYRGHFRPSHQVDomRDPLVWXUDWRUQDUVHLDSURJUHVVLYDPHQWHPDLVULFDDWp
QmRVHUSRVVtYHODVXDFRPEXVWmR

2 FDUEXUDGRU GH GLIXVRU H MDWRV IL[RV VROXFLRQD HVWH SUREOHPD SRU PHLR GH XP
VLVWHPD GH FRPSHQVDomR TXH PLVWXUD XP GHWHUPLQDGR YROXPH GH DU QD JDVROLQD
DQWHVGHVWDVHUODQoDGDQRGLIXVRU1DPDLRUSDUWHGRVFDUEXUDGRUHVDFRUUHomRGD
SURSRUomRGHDUpIHLWDSRUPHLRGHXPWXERSHUIXUDGRTXHHPXOVLRQDDPLVWXUD2
SXOYHUL]DGRUSULQFLSDO IRUQHFHDJDVROLQDDRSRoRGHHPXOVmR QRTXDOVH HQFRQWUD
XPD SHoD FDOLEUDGD TXH GRVHLD D HQWUDGD GR DU SDUD HPXOVmR ¬ PHGLGD TXH R
Q~PHUR GH URWDo}HV GR PRWRU DXPHQWD H R QtYHO GH JDVROLQD QR SRoR GH HPXOVmR
GHVFH LQWHQVLILFDVH D DEVRUomR GH DU DWUDYpV GRV IXURV GR WXER HPXOVLRQDGRU
HPSREUHFHQGRDXWRPDWLFDPHQWHDPLVWXUD




2XWUR SURFHVVR FRQVLVWH QD LQVWDODomR GH XP SXOYHUL]DGRU GH FRPSHQVDomR DOpP
GR SXOYHUL]DGRU SULQFLSDO ¬ PHGLGD TXH R QtYHO GH FRPEXVWtYHO GHVFH QXP SRoR
H[LVWHQWH DR ODGR GR GHSyVLWR GH QtYHO FRQVWDQWH R DU DGPLWLGR p HQYLDGR DR
SXOYHUL]DGRUGHFRPSHQVDomRSDUDTXHXPDPLVWXUDGHDUHJDVROLQDHQmRDSHQDV
GHJDVROLQDDWLQMDRGLIXVRU$PLVWXUDSREUHGRSXOYHUL]DGRU




 



GH FRPSHQVDomR DQXOD R DXPHQWR GD SURSRUomR GH JDVROLQD GD PLVWXUD IRUQHFLGD
SHORSXOYHUL]DGRUSULQFLSDO
2 SXOYHUL]DGRU SULQFLSDO WHP QRUPDOPHQWH DV GLPHQV}HV LGHDLV SDUD IRUQHFHU DV
PLVWXUDV UHODWLYDPHQWH SREUHV QHFHVViULDV SDUD XP IXQFLRQDPHQWR HFRQ{PLFR D
XPDYHORFLGDGHGHFUX]HLUR
3DUD FRQVHJXLU DV PLVWXUDV PDLV ULFDV QHFHVViULDV SDUD DFHOHUDo}HV Pi[LPD R
FDUEXUDGRU GH GLIXVRU H MDWR IL[RV SRGH LQFOXLU XP FLUFXLWR VREUHDOLPHQWDGRU TXH
HQWUDHPIXQFLRQDPHQWRDPpGLDGDHOHYDGDDFHOHUDomR
9DULDomRGDPLVWXUDVHJXQGRDVGLIHUHQWHVYHORFLGDGHV±4XDQGRDRDUUDQFDUFRP
R PRWRU IULR VH SX[D SHOR ERWmR GR DIRJDGRU RX DEDIDGRU IHFKDVH XPD YiOYXOD
FRP XPD PROD GHVLJQDGD SRU HVWUDQJXODGRU ERUEROHWD GR DIRJDGRU RX GH
DUUDQTXH D IULR H DEUHVH OLJHLUDPHQWH D ERUEROHWD GR DFHOHUDGRU 'HVWH PRGR
UHGX]VH R IOX[R GH DU H DXPHQWDVH D DVSLUDomR GH JDVROLQD GR SXOYHUL]DGRU
SULQFLSDO SDUD R GLIXVRU REWHQGRVH DVVLP D PLVWXUD PDLV ULFD QHFHVViULD SDUD R
DUUDQTXH 4XDQGR R PRWRU SHJD H DFHOHUD R DU DGLFLRQDO DEVRUYLGR REULJD D
ERUEROHWDDDEULUSDUFLDOPHQWHHDVVHJXUDRHPSREUHFLPHQWRGDPLVWXUDDILPGH
HYLWDURHQFKDUFDPHQWRGDVYHODV
&RPRPRWRUMiTXHQWHHIXQFLRQDQGR HPPDUFKDOHQWDRPRYLPHQWRGRVSLVW}HV
SURYRFD XPD GHSUHVVmR QR FROHWRU GH DGPLVVmR &RPR D ERUEROHWD GR DFHOHUDGRU
HVWi SUDWLFDPHQWH IHFKDGD HVWD GHSUHVVmR DWXD VREUH R SXOYHUL]DGRU DWUDYpV GH
PtQLPRRXUDOHQWLDVSLUDQGRDWUDYpVGHVWHDJDVROLQDGDSDUWHLQIHULRUGRSRoRGH
HPXOVmR ID]HQGR GHVFHU R VHX QtYHO 2 DU QHFHVViULR SDUD VH PLVWXUDU FRP D
JDVROLQDpDEVRUYLGRSRUXPFDOLEUDGRUGHDUPtQLPR
$R SLVDU QR SHGDO GR DFHOHUDGRU DEUHVH D ERUEROHWD H DXPHQWD R IOX[R GH DU
DWUDYpV GR SXOYHUL]DGRU GH FRPSHQVDomR GH DU (P FRQVHTrQFLD GR DXPHQWR GD
GHSUHVVmR QR GLIXVRU D JDVROLQD GHSRLV GH SDVVDU SHOR SXOYHUL]DGRU SULQFLSDO ID]
VXELURQtYHOQRSRoRGHHPXOVmRHDRPHVPRWHPSRRDUDGPLWLGRQRFDOLEUDGRU
SULQFLSDO HPXOVLRQD D JDVROLQD TXH VHUi SRVWHULRUPHQWH SXOYHUL]DGD QR GLIXVRU
6LPXOWDQHDPHQWH GLPLQXL D GHSUHVVmR QR IXUR GH GHVFDUJD GR UDOHQWL H FHVVD R
IOX[RGHFRPEXVWtYHOQHVVHSRQWR
3DUD HYLWDU TXDOTXHU HPSREUHFLPHQWR LQGHYLGR GD PLVWXUD GXUDQWH HVWD IDVH GH
WUDQVLomR p XVXDO H[LVWLUHP XP RX PDLV RULItFLRV GH SURJUHVVmR TXH VmR
DOLPHQWDGRVSHORFDQDOGRFLUFXLWRGHUDOHQWL
3DUD IRUQHFHU R FRPEXVWtYHO DGLFLRQDO QHFHVViULR QD DFHOHUDomR H QDV DEHUWXUDV
V~ELWDVGDERUEROHWDH[LVWHXPDERPEDGHDFHOHUDomRPHFkQLFD(VWDFRQVLVWHQXP
SRoR RX FkPDUD FKHLR GH FRPEXVWtYHO H QXP SLVWmR DFLRQDGR SRU XPD PROD RX
XP GLDIUDJPD OLJDGR j ERUEROHWD 4XDQGR HVWD VH DEUH R FRPEXVWtYHO p
GHVFDUUHJDGR QR GLIXVRU SRU DomR GR SLVWmR H DWUDYpV GH XP LQMHWRU LQWHJUDGR QR
FLUFXLWRGDERPED
(PDOJXQVFDUEXUDGRUHVRFXUVRGDERPEDSRGHVHUUHJXODGRGHPRGRDIRUQHFHU
PDLV RX PHQRV FRPEXVWtYHO 2V PRWRUHV DWXDLV H DV FRQGLo}HV GD VXD XWLOL]DomR
RULJLQDUDPRDSDUHFLPHQWRGHXPDJUDQGHYDULHGDGHGHFDUEXUDGRUHVGHGLIXVRUH
MDWR IL[RV FRP XPD FRPSOH[D GLVSRVLomR GH FRQGXWRUHV GH FRPEXVWtYHO
SXOYHUL]DGRUHVHRULItFLRVGHGHVFDUJD
$JUDQGHYDQWDJHPGHVWHVFDUEXUDGRUHVUHVLGHQDDXVrQFLDGHSDUWHVPyYHLV

Difusor jatos variáveis

&$5%85$'25'(',)8625-$7269$5,È9(,6

2FDUEXUDGRUGLIXVRUHMDWRYDULiYHLVLQFOXLWDOFRPRRFDUEXUDGRUGHGLIXVRUHMDWRV
IL[RVXPDDOLPHQWDomRGHFRPEXVWtYHODQtYHOFRQVWDQWHXPDYiOYXODGHERUEROHWD
H XP GLIXVRU RX FRQH GH 9HQWXUL $ GLIHUHQoD SULQFLSDO HQWUH HVWHV GRLV WLSRV GH
FDUEXUDGRU UHVLGHQRIDWRGHQRSULPHLURR HVWUHLWDPHQWRGRGLIXVRUSRGHUYDULDU
GHPRGRDPDQWHUXPDGHSUHVVmRTXDVHFRQVWDQWHQD]RQDGHSXOYHUL]DomR



2HVWUHLWDPHQWRGRGLIXVRUpUHJXODGRS{UXPSLVWmRFXMDSRVLomRGHSHQGHGRJUDX
GH DEHUWXUD GD ERUEROHWD GR DFHOHUDGRU 6H D ERUEROHWD HVWLYHU TXDVH IHFKDGD R
TXH VXFHGH TXDQGR R PRWRU IXQFLRQD HP PDUFKD OHQWD GLPLQXL R IOX[R GH DU
DWUDYpVGRGLIXVRU

Corpo duplo
2FDUEXUDGRUGHFRUSRGXSORDSUHVHQWDGXDVSDVVDJHQVSULQFLSDLVGHDUFDGDXPD
FRP R VHX GLIXVRU H SXOYHUL]DGRU GH JDVROLQD PDV FRP FXED GH QtYHO FRQVWDQWH
FRPXP $V VXDV ERUEROHWDV HVWmR QRUPDOPHQWH PRQWDGDV QR PHVPR HL[R H
IXQFLRQDPVLPXOWDQHDPHQWH

$ IiEULFD LWDOLDQD :(%(5 LQFOXLVH HQWUH RV PDLV H[SHULPHQWDGRV IDEULFDQWHV GH
FDUEXUDGRUHV GH FRUSR GXSOR 9iULRV GRV VHXV PRGHORV DSUHVHQWDP XP SHTXHQR
GLIXVRU VHFXQGiULR GHQRPLQDGR FHQWUDGRU GH PLVWXUDFRORFDGR OLJHLUDPHQWH DFLPD
GRGLIXVRUSULQFLSDO2FRPEXVWtYHOpIRUQHFLGRDRGLIXVRUVHFXQGiULRTXHDOLPHQWD
RGLIXVRUSULQFLSDO

$ PLVWXUD p IRUQHFLGD DWUDYpV GH XP SXOYHUL]DGRU H GH XP WXER GH HPXOVmR $
ERPED GH DFHOHUDomR FRQVLVWH QXP SLVWmR DFLRQDGR SRU PROD H TXH SHUPLWH D
SDVVDJHP GH XPD TXDQWLGDGH GHWHUPLQDGD GH FRPEXVWtYHO 2 WLUDQWH GH
DFLRQDPHQWR GR SLVWmR p FRPDQGDGR SRU XPD DODYDQFD VLWXDGD QR HL[R GD
ERUEROHWD

8PDFXEDFRPXPGHQtYHOFRQVWDQWHIRUQHFHTXDQWLGDGHVHTXLYDOHQWHVGHJDVROLQD
DFDGDFRUSRTXHWHPVHXVSUySULRVGLIXVRUHVWXERVGHHPXOVmRSXOYHUL]DGRUHVH
FLUFXLWRUDOHQWL$VGXDVERUEROHWDVHVWmRQRUPDOPHQWHPRQWDGDVQRPHVPRHL[RH
VmRDFLRQDGDVVLPXOWDQHDPHQWHSRUXPPHVPRWLUDQWH

Misto
&$5%85$'25(60,6726

2 FDUEXUDGRU PLVWR FRPSRXQG WHP GRLV RX PDLV FRUSRV GH GLIXVRU IL[R TXH
DOLPHQWDP XP FROHWRU GH DGPLVVmR FRPXP $V ERUEROHWDV GR DFHOHUDGRU HVWmR
GLVSRVWDVGHPRGRTXHVXDDEHUWXUDVHMDGLIHUHQFLDGDLVWRpTXHDSHQDVIXQFLRQH
XPDDWpTXHDQHFHVVLGDGHGHDUDWLQMDXPFHUWRYDORUPRPHQWRHPTXHVHDEUH
D6HJXQGDERUEROHWDFRQVHJXLQGRVHDVVLPXPDPDLRUSRWrQFLD




(VWDGLVSRVLomRSHUPLWHTXHRGLkPHWURGRSULPHLURFRUSR±RFRUSRSULPiULR±HR
UHVSHFWLYRGLIXVRUSRVVDPVHUPHQRUHVSHUPLWLQGRXPIXQFLRQDPHQWRVXDYHFRPR
PRWRUDEDL[DURWDomR
2 SHVR H D PROD GR SLVWmR ID]HPQR GHVFHU ILFDQGR DSHQDV XP HVSDoR UHGX]LGR
SDUD D SDVVDJHP GR DU 4XDQGR VH SLVD QR DFHOHUDGRU H D ERUEROHWD VH DEUH
LQWHQVLILFDVHDSDVVDJHPGRDUDWUDYpVGRGLIXVRUHDXPHQWDDGHSUHVVmRHPFLPD
GRSLVWmR(VWDREULJDRSLVWmRDVXELURTXHDXPHQWDDLQGDPDLVRIOX[RGHDUSDUD
RPRWRU
2GpELWRGDJDVROLQDpUHJXODGRS{UXPDDJXOKDGHSRQWDFyQLFDOLJDGDDRSLVWmRH
TXH SHQHWUD QR SXOYHUL]DGRU GR FRPEXVWtYHO H TXDQGR SLVWmR VREH D DJXOKD VREH
WDPEpP SHUPLWLQGR XPD PDLRU SDVVDJHP GH FRPEXVWtYHO $ SRVLomR GR
SXOYHUL]DGRUHDIRUPDGDDJXOKDDVVHJXUDDSURSRUomRFRUUHWDGHJDVROLQDHDU
2 HQULTXHFLPHQWR GD PLVWXUD D TXDQGR GD DFHOHUDomR p DVVHJXUDGR S{U XP
DPRUWHFHGRU TXH GLPLQXL D YHORFLGDGH GH VXELGD GR SLVWmR TXDQGR VH DEUH D
ERUEROHWDRTXHUHVXOWDXPDXPHQWRGDGHSUHVVmRQRSXOYHUL]DGRUGHFRPEXVWtYHO
HXPHQULTXHFLPHQWRWHPSRUiULRGDPLVWXUD
&RPR D SUHVVmR GR DU QR GLIXVRU YDULiYHO SHUPDQHFH SUDWLFDPHQWH FRQVWDQWH D
TXDOTXHU UHJLPH GH URWDomR GR PRWRU QmR Ki QHFHVVLGDGH GH XP FLUFXLWR
LQGHSHQGHQWHSDUDDPDUFKDOHQWDFRPRDFRQWHFHQRFDUEXUDGRUGHGLIXVRUHMDWRV
IL[RV
1RVFDUEXUDGRUHV62/(;H:(%(5GHDEHUWXUDGLIHUHQFLDGDDERUEROHWDGRFRUSR
VHFXQGiULR SRGH DEULUVH PHFDQLFDPHQWH PHGLDQWH DUWLFXODomR OLJDGD j ERUEROHWD
GR FRUSR SULPiULR RX HQWmR S{U PHLR GH XP GLVSRVLWLYR SQHXPiWLFR TXH DWXD S{U
VXFomR R TXDO FRQVWD GH XPD FkPDUD H XP GLDIUDJPD FRP KDVWH GH OLJDomR j
ERUEROHWD
&DUEXUDGRUHVPLVWRV ± 2VFRUSRVGH GLIXVRU IL[R DOLPHQWDPXP FROHWRU FRPXP 2
FRUSR SULPiULR GH PHQRU GLkPHWUR DVVHJXUD XP IXQFLRQDPHQWR VXDYH D EDL[D
URWDomR HQTXDQWR R FRUSR VHFXQGiULR GH PDLRU GLkPHWUR DXPHQWD D TXDQWLGDGH
GH PLVWXUD SDUD REWHU R Pi[LPR GH UHQGLPHQWR $ DUWLFXODomR GDV ERUEROHWDV
SHUPLWHDDEHUWXUDGLIHUHQFLDGD

Injeção
1XP VLVWHPD GH FDUEXUDGRU R DU DVSLUD D JDVROLQD VHQGR D PLVWXUD UHVXOWDQWH
GLVWULEXtGD SHORV FLOLQGURV 1XP VLVWHPD GH LQMHomR D JDVROLQD p LQWURGX]LGD VRE
SUHVVmR ± SRU PHLR GH SHTXHQRV LQMHWRUHV XP SDUD FDGD FLOLQGUR  LPSXOVLRQDGD
SRUXPDERPEDPHFkQLFDRXHOpWULFD

2V LQMHWRUHVHQFRQWUDPVHQRVGXWRVGH DGPLVVmR PXLWR SUy[LPR GDV YiOYXODV GH

DGPLVVmR (PERUD D TXDQWLGDGH GH FRPEXVWtYHO LQMHWDGD H R WHPSR GH LQMHomR
YDULHP FRP R WLSR GH VLVWHPD XWLOL]DGR D GRVDJHP GR FRPEXVWtYHO GHYH VHU GH
JUDQGHSUHFLVmR

1R VLVWHPD GH LQMHomR YHULILFDVH XPD SHUIHLWD DWRPL]DomR GR FRPEXVWtYHO TXH
SHUPLWH D VXD GLVWULEXLomR LGHDO VH R YROXPH GH DU TXH SHQHWUD HP FDGD HP FDGD
FLOLQGURIRURPHVPR

1HVWH VLVWHPD R IOX[R GH DU HQFRQWUD PHQRV REVWiFXORV GR TXH QR VLVWHPD GH
FDUEXUDGRU Mi TXH QR SULPHLUR QmR H[LVWH GLIXVRU 2 FROHWRU GH DGPLVVmR QR
VLVWHPD GH LQMHomR DSHQDV FRQGX] R DU H QmR LQWHUYpP QD PLVWXUD GD JDVROLQD
SRGHQGR SRUWDQWR WHU XP IRUPDWR TXH OKH SHUPLWD GLILFXOWDU R PtQLPR SRVVtYHO R
IOX[RGHDUVHPQHFHVVLGDGHGHFULDUXPIRFRFDORUtILFR




$ LQMHomR GR FRPEXVWtYHO DXPHQWD D SRWrQFLD GR PRWRU H D DFHOHUDomR H SRGH
UHGX]LURFRQVXPRGHFRPEXVWtYHOXPDYH]TXHDGLVWULEXLomRGDPLVWXUDVHWRUQD
PDLV HILFD] 2 PRWRU UHVSRQGH PDLV UDSLGDPHQWH j DFHOHUDomR GHYLGR DR FXUWR
HVSDoR GH WHPSR TXH VHUYH FRPR PHGLDGRU HQWUH R PRYLPHQWR GR DFHOHUDGRU H D
LQMHomRGRFRPEXVWtYHO

$VGHVYDQWDJHQVGRVLVWHPDGHLQMHomRUHVLGHPQRVHXHOHYDGRFXVWRPDLRUTXHR
GR VLVWHPD GH FDUEXUDGRUHV H QR IDWR GH VXD DVVLVWrQFLD HPERUD UDUDPHQWH
QHFHVViULDWHUGHVHUSUHVWDGDSRUXPHVSHFLDOLVWD

Mecânica
2 VLVWHPD PHFkQLFR /XFDV XWLOL]D XP GLVSRVLWLYR GH ODQoDGHLUD SDUD UHJXODU R
IRUQHFLPHQWR GD JDVROLQD HP YH] GD ERPED GR SLVWmR H[LVWHQWH QD PDLRULD GRV
VLVWHPDV PHFkQLFRV 8PD ERPED HOpWULFD PRQWDGD SHUWR GR WDQTXH GH JDVROLQD
DVSLUDRFRPEXVWtYHODWUDYpVGRILOWURGHSDSHOHIRUQHFHRDXPDSUHVVmRGHFHUFD
GHNJFPðj XQLGDGH GHFRQWUROH RXDRGLVWULEXLGRUGRVDGRU$SUHVVmRPDQWpP
VH FRQVWDQWH JUDoDV j H[LVWrQFLD GH XPD YiOYXOD GH GHVFDUJD TXH GHYROYH R
H[FHVVRGH FRPEXVWtYHO DRWDQTXH 2 IRUQHFLPHQWRGR FRPEXVWtYHO p UHJXODGR SRU
XP FLOLQGUR RX SRU URWRU  DFLRQDGR SHOR PRWRU H JLUDQGR GHQWUR GR GLVWULEXLGRU
GRVDGRU±TXHDSUHVHQWDHQWUDGDHVDtGDVGRFRPEXVWtYHO

1R FLOLQGUR H[LVWHP RULItFLRV GLVSRVWRV UDGLDOPHQWH TXH SHUPLWHP D FRPXQLFDomR

FRPRVHXLQWHULRURQGHXPDODQoDGHLUDVHPRYHHQWUHGRLVEDWHQWHVXPIL[RHR
RXWURDMXVWiYHO
&RPR R FLOLQGUR JLUD D PHWDGH GR Q~PHUR GH URWDo}HV GR PRWRU RV VHXV RULItFLRV
DOLQKDPVHFRPDHQWUDGDGRFRPEXVWtYHOHSHUPLWHPTXHDSUHVVmRGHVWHHPSXUUH
DODQoDGHLUDGHXPODGRSDUDRXWURHQWUHGRLVEDWHQWHVIRUQHFHQGRRFRPEXVWtYHO
DOWHUQDGDPHQWH D FDGD LQMHWRU $ SRVLomR GR EDWHQWH DMXVWiYHO p GHWHUPLQDGD SRU
XP H[FrQWULFR DFLRQDGR SHOD GHSUHVVmR GR FROHWRU GR PRWRU TXH UHVXOWD QD
YDULDomR GR FXUVR Pi[LPR GH ODQoDGHLUDV H SRUWDQWR QD TXDQWLGDGH GH
FRPEXVWtYHOLQMHWDGR




¬ SDUWLU GRGLVWULEXLGRUGRVDGRUR FRPEXVWtYHO p IRUQHFLGR DOWHUQDGDPHQWH D FDGD
LQMHWRUQRSUHFLVRPRPHQWRHHPTXDQWLGDGHVFXLGDGRVDPHQWHUHJXODGDV

Eletrônica
$LQMHomRHOHWU{QLFDIRLLQYHQWDGDHPSHOD5REHUW %RVFKHFRORFDGDHPOLQKD
GH SURGXomR QRV (VWDGRV 8QLGRV HP  SHOD &KHYUROHW PDLV SUHFLVDPHQWH QR
&RUYHWWH $SHVDU GH RIHUHFHU PDLV SHUIRUPDQFH H HFRQRPLD GH FRPEXVWtYHO IRL
GHL[DGDGHODGRSHORVIDEULFDQWHVSRUHFRQRPLDHFUHGLELOLGDGH4XDQGRRJRYHUQR
DPHULFDQRFRPHoRXDHVWDEHOHFHUOLPLWHVGHHILFLrQFLDQtYHLVPi[LPRVGHHPLVVmR
GH SROXHQWHV H D DYDQoDGD WHFQRORJLD HOHWU{QLFD RV IDEULFDQWHV GH YHtFXORV
FRPHoDUDP D ROKDU PDLV GH SHUWR D LQMHomR HOHWU{QLFD 1R %UDVLO HOD DSDUHFHX HP
QR*RO*7,HKRMHHTXLSDWRGRVRVFDUURVSURGX]LGRVQR%UDVLO2FDUEXUDGRU
GUHQDFRPEXVWtYHOEDVHDGRQDGHPDQGDGRYiFXR%DL[RYiFXRPDLVFRPEXVWtYHO
$OWRYiFXRPHQRVFRPEXVWtYHO$PLVWXUDGDUD]mRDUFRPEXVWtYHOPXGDFRQIRUPH
D PXGDQoD GD ERUEROHWD GR FDUEXUDGRU TXH UHJXOD R IOX[R GH DU $R VH IHFKDU D
ERUEROHWD GR FDUEXUDGRU Ki XPD GLPLQXLomR GD UD]mR DUFRPEXVWtYHO SHOR IDWR GD
TXHGD GR IOX[R GH DU H VLPXOWDQHDPHQWH GR DXPHQWR GH YiFXR (VWH VLVWHPD
IXQFLRQRX EHP SRU YiULRV DQRV PDV D IDOWDGH XP VLVWHPD GH FRQWUROH SUHFLVR GH
FRPEXVWtYHOSDUDRVPRWRUHVPRGHUQRVSDVVRXDVHUXPDQHFHVVLGDGH2VVLVWHPDV
GH LQMHomR HOHWU{QLFD GH FRPEXVWtYHO SRVVXHP XP PLFURSURFHVVDGRU HOHWU{QLFR




PyGXORGHLQMHomRTXHpUHVSRQViYHOSHORFRQWUROHGHWRGRRVLVWHPD2PyGXOR
DQDOLVDDVLQIRUPDo}HVYLQGDVGRVYiULRVVHQVRUHVGLVWULEXtGRVSHORPRWRUSURFHVVD
HUHWRUQDDo}HVGHFRQWUROHQRVGLYHUVRVDWXDGRUHVGHPRGRDPDQWHURPRWRUHP
ERDV FRQGLo}HV GH FRQVXPR GHVHPSHQKR GLULJLELOLGDGH H HPLVV}HV GH SROXHQWHV
$OJXQVVLVWHPDV³DYLVDP´RPRWRULVWDVHKiGHIHLWRHPDOJXPVHQVRURXDWXDGRUGR
VLVWHPD GH LQMHomR HOHWU{QLFD 2V GHIHLWRV DSUHVHQWDGRV ILFDP DUPD]HQDGRV QD
PHPyULD GR FRPSXWDGRU DSHQDV QR FDVR GH LQMHo}HV GLJLWDLV SDUD SRVWHULRU
YHULILFDomR FRP HTXLSDPHQWRV DSURSULDGRV $OJXQV VLVWHPDV SRVVXHP DLQGD
HVWUDWpJLD GH DWXDOL]DomR GH SDUkPHWURV SHUPLWLQGR D FRUUHomR DXWRPiWLFD GRV
SULQFLSDLVSDUkPHWURVWHPSRGHLQMHomRDYDQoRGDLJQLomRPDUFKDOHQWDHWFHP
IXQomR GH YDULDo}HV FRPR HQYHOKHFLPHQWR GR PRWRU TXDOLGDGH GR FRPEXVWtYHO H
IRUPD GH FRQGXomR GR YHtFXOR 2V VLVWHPDV GH LQMHomR HOHWU{QLFD RIHUHFHP XPD
VpULHGHYDQWDJHQVHPUHODomRDRFDUEXUDGRU

†0HOKRUDWRPL]DomRGRFRPEXVWtYHOLQMHomRVRESUHVVmR
†5HGXomRGRHIHLWR³UHWRUQRGHFKDPD´QRFROHWRUGHDGPLVVmR
†&RQWUROHGDPLVWXUDUHODomRDUFRPEXVWtYHO
†5HGXomRGDHPLVVmRGHJDVHVSROXHQWHVSHORPRWRU
†(OLPLQDomRGHDMXVWHGHPDUFKDOHQWDHPLVWXUD
†0DLRUHFRQRPLDGHFRPEXVWtYHO
†(OLPLQDomRGRDIRJDGRU
†)DFLOLGDGHGHSDUWLGDVDTXHQWHHIULRGRPRWRU
†0HOKRUGLULJLELOLGDGH

7,326'(,1-(d­2(/(75{1,&$'(&20%867Ë9(/
3RGHPRVFODVVLILFDURVVLVWHPDVGHLQMHomRHOHWU{QLFDTXDQWRDRQ~PHURGHYiOYXODV
LQMHWRUDV H TXDQWR DR VLVWHPD HOHWU{QLFR HPSUHJDGR (P UHODomR DR VLVWHPD
HOHWU{QLFRHQFRQWUDPRVEDVLFDPHQWHGRLVWLSRV
†6LVWHPDDQDOyJLFR
†6LVWHPDGLJLWDO

(PUHODomRDRQ~PHURGHYiOYXODVLQMHWRUDVH[LVWHPEDVLFDPHQWHGRLVWLSRV
†&RPDSHQDVXPDYiOYXODLQMHWRUDGHFRPEXVWtYHOVLQJOHSRLQW(),
†&RPYiULDVYiOYXODVLQMHWRUDVPXOWLSRLQW03),

1RV VLVWHPDV FRP DSHQDV XPD YiOYXOD LQMHWRUD HVWD p UHVSRQViYHO SHOD
DOLPHQWDomR GH FRPEXVWtYHO GH WRGRV RV FLOLQGURV GR PRWRU 1RV VLVWHPDV FRP
YiULDVYiOYXODVSRGHPWHUDOLPHQWDomR
†1mRVHTXHQFLDOTXDQGRWRGDVYiOYXODVLQMHWDPDRPHVPRWHPSR
†6HPLVHTXHQFLDOTXDQGRDOJXPDVYiOYXODVLQMHWDPDRPHVPRWHPSRTXHRXWUDV
†6HTXHQFLDOTXDQGRFDGDYiOYXODLQMHWDQXPPRPHQWRGLIHUHQWHGDVRXWUDV

$HVFROKDGRWLSRGHLQMHomRSDUDFDGDYHtFXORSRUSDUWHGDVPRQWDGRUDVOHYDHP
FRQVLGHUDomR YiULRV IDWRUHV HVWDQGR HQWUH HOHV R FXVWR GH IDEULFDomR WLSR GH
YHtFXOR H HPLVVmR GH SROXHQWHV $ LQMHomR HOHWU{QLFD FRQWUROD D TXDQWLGDGH GH
FRPEXVWtYHO LQMHWDGDSHORVELFRVLQMHWRUHVSDUDWRGDVDVFRQGLo}HVGHWUDEDOKRGR
PRWRUDWUDYpVGRPyGXORGHFRPDQGR$WUDYpVGHLQIRUPDo}HVUHFHELGDVDMXVWDD
UHODomRDUFRPEXVWtYHOEHPSUy[LPDGDUHODomRLGHDO3DUDFDOFXODUDTXDQWLGDGHGH
FRPEXVWtYHO SUHFLVDVH PHGLU D TXDQWLGDGH GH DU PDVVD DGPLWLGD SHOR PRWRU
([LVWHPYiULDVWpFQLFDVGHPHGLGDGHPDVVDGHDU
†8WLOL]DQGRRPHGLGRUGHIOX[RGHDU/00
†³VSHHGGHQVLW\´YHORFLGDGHGHQVLGDGHXWLOL]DQGRDURWDomRHRYiFXRGRPRWRU
0$3
† XWLOL]DQGR R PHGLGRU GH PDVVD GH DU ± R VHQVRU p XP ILR PHWiOLFR DTXHFLGR
WpFQLFDGH³ILRTXHQWH´




$OpP GR FRQWUROH GH FRPEXVWtYHO R 0yGXOR GH ,QMHomR (OHWU{QLFD SRGH H[HFXWDU
RXWURVFRQWUROHVDWUDYpVGRVFKDPDGRV$78$'25(6

Sensores
$ ERPED HOpWULFD GH FRPEXVWtYHO DVSLUD GR WDQTXH XP YROXPH GH FRPEXVWtYHO
VXSHULRU DR TXH p QHFHVViULR SDUD LQMHomR $ ERPED VH ORFDOL]D GHQWUR GR WDQTXH
QR PyGXOR GH FRPEXVWtYHO RX HP FHUWRV WLSRV GH VLVWHPDV GH LQMHomR IRUD GR
WDQTXH PDV SUy[LPR DR PHVPR 2 FRPEXVWtYHO DVSLUDGR SHOD ERPED HP H[FHVVR
UHWRUQDDRWDQTXHDWUDYpVGHXPUHJXODGRUGHSUHVVmR
2VLQMHWRUHVRXLQMHWRUHVFRPRFRPEXVWtYHOVRESUHVVmRVHPDQWrPIHFKDGRVVRE
DDomRGHPRODVHVmRDEHUWRVSRUVROHQyLGHV




 
2 YROXPH GH FRPEXVWtYHO LQMHWDGR GHSHQGH GR WHPSR GXUDQWH R TXDO R VROHQyLGH
PDQWpP R LQMHWRU DEHUWR (VWH WHPSR SRU VXD YH] GHSHQGH GR VLQDO TXH R
VROHQyLGHUHFHEHGRPRGXORGHLQMHomRHOHWU{QLFD
(VWH PyGXOR HVWi OLJDGR DXPD VpULH GHGLVSRVLWLYRV VHQVtYHLV TXHDWXDP VHJXQGR
DVGLYHUVDVFRQGLo}HVGRPRWRUWDLVFRPRDSUHVVmRGRDUQRFROHWRUGHDGPLVVmR
DV WHPSHUDWXUDV GR DU GR OtTXLGR GH DUUHIHFLPHQWR H SRVLomR GR DFHOHUDGRU RX
ERUEROHWD
2V GLVSRVLWLYRV VHQVtYHLV SHUPLWHP DR PyGXOR GHWHUPLQDU LQVWDQWDQHDPHQWH R
PRPHQWRGHDEHUWXUDGRVLQMHWRUHV3DUDVLPSOLILFDURVLVWHPDRVLQMHWRUHVDEUHP
LPHGLDWDPHQWH DQWHV GD DEHUWXUD GDV YiOYXODV GH DGPLVVmR R TXH UHGX] D
TXDQWLGDGHGHGLVSRVLWLYRVQHFHVViULRVSDUDRVDFLRQDU




2 YROXPH GH FRPEXVWtYHO LQMHWDGR GHSHQGH GR WHPSR GXUDQWH R TXDO R VROHQyLGH
PDQWpP R LQMHWRU DEHUWR (VWH WHPSR SRU VXD YH] GHSHQGH GR VLQDO TXH R
VROHQyLGHUHFHEHGRPRGXORGHLQMHomRHOHWU{QLFD
(VWH PyGXOR HVWi OLJDGR DXPD VpULH GHGLVSRVLWLYRV VHQVtYHLV TXHDWXDP VHJXQGR
DVGLYHUVDVFRQGLo}HVGRPRWRUWDLVFRPRDSUHVVmRGRDUQRFROHWRUGHDGPLVVmR
DV WHPSHUDWXUDV GR DU GR OtTXLGR GH DUUHIHFLPHQWR H SRVLomR GR DFHOHUDGRU RX
ERUEROHWD
2V GLVSRVLWLYRV VHQVtYHLV SHUPLWHP DR PyGXOR GHWHUPLQDU LQVWDQWDQHDPHQWH R
PRPHQWRGHDEHUWXUDGRVLQMHWRUHV3DUDVLPSOLILFDURVLVWHPDRVLQMHWRUHVDEUHP
LPHGLDWDPHQWH DQWHV GD DEHUWXUD GDV YiOYXODV GH DGPLVVmR R TXH UHGX] D
TXDQWLGDGHGHGLVSRVLWLYRVQHFHVViULRVSDUDRVDFLRQDU

Sensor de oxigênio
2VHQVRUGHR[LJrQLRWDPEpPFKDPDGRGHVRQGDODPEGDVHQVRUHVWHTXLRPpWULFR
VHQVRU GR HVFDSDPHQWR p SDUWH LQWHJUDO GR VLVWHPD GH FRQWUROH GH HPLVV}HV GH
SROXHQWHV
2VHQVRUGHR[LJrQLRJHUDYROWDJHPSUySULDDFLPDGRVJUDXVFHQWtJUDGRV QD
PDLRULDGRVFDVRVDWHQVmRYDULDHQWUHHP9
2 PyGXOR GH LQMHomR DXPHQWD RX GLPLQXL R WDPDQKR GR SXOVR GD LQMHomR GH
FRPEXVWtYHODWUDYpVGDWHQVmRGRVHQVRUGHR[LJrQLR
8P VLPSOHV ILR GR VHQVRU GH R[LJrQLR p DWHUUDGR QR HVFDSDPHQWR ORJR GHSRLV GR
FROHWRUGRHVFDSDPHQWR


1RVFDVRVGHGRLVILRVRVHQVRUUHFHEHXPWHUUDSUySULR
23(5$d­223(1/223FLUFXLWRDEHUWR
4XDQGR XP PRWRU WHP VXD SULPHLUD SDUWLGD H D URWDomR HVWi DEDL[R GR VHX YDORU
SUp GHWHUPLQDGR QD PHPyULD GR PRGXOR GH LQMHomR R VLVWHPD YDL SDUD PDOKD
DEHUWD RSHQ ORRS H LJQRUD R VHQVRU GH R[LJrQLR (VWD RSHUDomR WDPEpP p
FKDPDGDGHIDVHGHDTXHFLPHQWR

23(5$d­2&/26('/223FLUFXLWRIHFKDGR




4XDQGR RV YDORUHV GH FORVHG ORRS IRUHP DOFDQoDGRV QHVWH PRGR GH LQMHomR R
PyGXOR SDVVD D FDOFXODU D PLVWXUD DU FRPEXVWtYHO HP WHPSR UHDO EDVHDGD QR
VHQVRU GH R[LJrQLR H DWUDYpV GR WHPSR GH DEHUWXUD GRV ELFRV LQMHWRUHV R TXH
SHUPLWHXPDPLVWXUDPXLWRSUy[LPDjPLVWXUDHVWHTXLRPpWULFD
2 VHQVRU GH R[LJrQLR p FRQVWLWXtGR S{U XP FRUSR FHUkPLFR j EDVH GH ]LUF{QLR
UHFREHUWR SRU XPD SHTXHQD FDPDGD GH SODWLQD IHFKDGD HP XPD H[WUHPLGDGH H
FRORFDGD HP XP WXER SURWHWRU H DORMDGR HP XP FRUSR PHWiOLFR TXH IRUQHFH XPD
SRVWHULRUSURWHomRHDLQGDSHUPLWHDPRQWDJHPQRFROHWRUGHHVFDSH
$ SDUWH H[WHUQD GR HOHPHQWR GH ]LUF{QLR HQFRQWUDVH H[SRVWD DR IOX[R DEUDVDGRU
GRVJDVHVGHHVFDSDPHQWRHQTXDQWRDSDUWHLQWHUQDHVWiHPFRPXQLFDomRFRPR
DUDPELHQWHRQGHDWD[DGHR[LJrQLRQDDWPRVIHUDpVHPSUHLJXDOD
2 IXQFLRQDPHQWR GR VHQVRU GH R[LJrQLR SRGH VHU FRPSDUDGR D XP HOHPHQWR
JDOYkQLFR SODFDV SRVLWLYDV H QHJDWLYDV LPHUVDV HP VROXomR iFLGD RX EDWHULD TXH
IRUQHFH XPDWHQVmRQRFDVRGRVHQVRUGH R[LJrQLRXPHOpWURGRSRVLWLYR LQWHUQR
FHUkPLFR HOHWUyOLWR HVWDFLRQiULR IRUQHFH XPD WHQVmR HP IXQomR GD GLIHUHQoD GH
R[LJrQLRTXHH[LVWHHQWUHHOHV
3RUWDQWRQDSDVVDJHPGDPLVWXUDULFDSDUDDSREUHRXYLFHYHUVDSRUFDXVDGHVWD
R[LGDomR FDWDOtWLFD GHYLGR j SUHVHQoD GH SODWLQD TXH DJH FRPR FDWDOLVDGRU H GD
WHPSHUDWXUD TXH GHYH VHU VXSHULRU j  JUDXV FHQWtJUDGRV RV LRQV GH R[LJrQLR
H[LVWHQWHV QR PDWHULDO FHUkPLFR HOHPHQWR HVWDFLRQiULR SRGHPVH FRQGHQVDU HP
TXDQWLGDGHV PDLV RX PHQRV HOHYDGDV QR HOpWURGR QHJDWLYR GDQGR RULJHP D XPD
YDULDomR GH WHQVmR TXH HQYLDGD DR PyGXOR GH LQMHomR OKH SHUPLWH YDULDU RV
WHPSRV GHDEHUWXUDGRVELFRVGH LQMHomR GH IRUPD WDO D PDQWHU R WHRUGD PLVWXUD
DWUDYpV GH HPSREUHFLPHQWR RX HQULTXHFLPHQWR R PDLV SUy[LPR SRVVtYHO GR WHRU
HVWHTXLRPpWULFR
(P  IRL LQYHQWDGR R VHQVRU GH R[LJrQLR DTXHFLGR 1HVWH VHQVRU VmR XVDGRV
WUrVILRVXPWHUUDSDUDVRQGDXPVLQDOGHWHQVmRSDUDRPyGXORHQR~OWLPRXPD
WHQVmRSDUD RDTXHFLPHQWRTXHpIHLWRSRU XPDUHVLVWrQFLDMiTXHRVHQVRUQmR
IXQFLRQDDEDL[RGHJUDXVFHQWtJUDGRV
1RFDVRGHVHQVRUHVFRPTXDWURILRVRTXDUWRSDVVDDVHUWHUUD
1RV YHtFXORV PDLV QRYRV FRP VLVWHPDV PDLV PRGHUQRV GH 2%' ,, H VLVWHPDV GH
FRQWUROH GH SROXHQWHV PDLV UtJLGRV XVDP GRLV VHQVRUHV GH R[LJrQLR R VHJXQGR
DSyV R FDWDOLVDGRU SDUD PRQLWRUDPHQWR GD HILFLrQFLD GR FRQYHUVRU FDWDOtWLFR
FDWDOLVDGRU

Sensor de temperatura do líquido de

arrefecimento
&RP R VHQVRU IULR RFRUUH XP QDWXUDO HPSREUHFLPHQWR GD
PLVWXUDFRPEXVWtYHOGHWHUPLQDGRSRU
āEDL[DVWHPSHUDWXUDV
ā $ Pi WXUEXOrQFLD TXH DV SDUWtFXODV GH FRPEXVWtYHO WHP
HP 8PD UHGX]LGD HYDSRUDomR GR FRPEXVWtYHO H IRUWH
FRQGHQVDomRQDVSDUHGHVLQWHUQDVGRFROHWRUGHDGPLVVmR
2 PyGXOR GH LQMHomR HOHWU{QLFD UHFHEH GR VHQVRU GH
WHPSHUDWXUD D LQIRUPDomR GD WHPSHUDWXUD GD iJXD
DWXDQGR QR HQULTXHFLPHQWR GD PLVWXUD WDQWR QD IDVH GH
SDUWLGDFRPRQDIDVHGHDTXHFLPHQWRHQULTXHFLPHQWRHVWHTXHYDLVHQGRSRXFRD
SRXFR GLPLQXtGR FRP R DXPHQWR GD WHPSHUDWXUD GR PRWRU 8P FRUSR GH ODWmR



IHFKDKHUPHWLFDPHQWHRWHUPLVWRUGRWLSR17&1HJDWLYH7HPSHUDWXUH&RHIILFLHQW
FXMD FDUDFWHUtVWLFD p GLPLQXLU R YDORU GH VXD UHVLVWrQFLD FRP R DXPHQWR GD
WHPSHUDWXUD $ SRVLomR GH PRQWDJHP p HVWUDWHJLFDPHQWH HVFROKLGD GH IRUPD D
OHYDQWDU D HIHWLYD WHPSHUDWXUD GR PRWRU LQGHSHQGHQWH GD WHPSHUDWXUD GR
UDGLDGRU$OLPHQWDGRFRPXPDWHQVmRSHORPyGXORRUHVLVWRU17&WHPDYDULDomR
GDVXDUHVLVWrQFLDHPIXQomRGDWHPSHUDWXUD4XDQWRPDLVEDL[DIRUDWHPSHUDWXUD
PDLRUVHUiRYDORUGDUHVLVWrQFLD

Sensor de temperatura do ar
6(1625'(7(03(5$785$'2$5

$76$LUWHPSHUDWXUH6HQVRU

$ PHGLomR GD WHPSHUDWXUD GR DU DVSLUDGR SHOR

PRWRUpIHLWDSHORVHQVRUGHWHPSHUDWXUDFRORFDGR
DQWHV GR FRUSR GH ERUEROHWDV 1RUPDOPHQWH VmR
XVDGRV GRLV ILRV XP TXH YHP WHQVmR GR PyGXOR
GH LQMHomR H RXWUR GH UHWRUQR RX UHIHUrQFLD 2
VHQVRU GH WHPSHUDWXUD p FRPSRVWR SRU XP
WHUPLVWRU GR WLSR 17& 1HJDWLYH 7HPSHUDWXUH
&RHIILFLHQW TXDQWR PDLRU D WHPSHUDWXUD PHQRU D
UHVLVWrQFLD HOpWULFD 2 VLQDO HOpWULFR p HQYLDGR DR
PyGXORGHLQMHomRRQGHMXQWDPHQWHFRPRVLQDOGRVHQVRUGHSUHVVmRDEVROXWDp
XWLOL]DGR SDUD R FiOFXOR GH GHQVLGDGH GR DU $OJXQV VLVWHPDV XVDP R VHQVRU GH
WHPSHUDWXUD GR DU H GH SUHVVmR DEVROXWD LQWHJUDGRV RX VHMD QD PHVPD SHoD
SDUD LVVR p DFUHVFHQWDGR XP ILR TXH UHWRUQD DR PyGXOR GH LQMHomR D YDULDomR GR
VLQDO GH SUHVVmR DEVROXWD 6HXV YDORUHV GH OHLWXUD H[HFXWDGRV SHOR PyGXOR GH
LQMHomRVmRXWLOL]DGRVQRFiOFXORGRWHPSRGHDEHUWXUDGRVELFRVLQMHWRUHVHDYDQoR
GHLJQLomR

Sensor de pressão absoluta

7DPEpP FKDPDGR GH 0$3 0DQRIROG $EVROXWH 3UHVVXUH HVWi DORMDGR QR
FRPSDUWLPHQWRGRPRWRUHpOLJDGRDRFROHWRUGHDGPLVVmRDWUDYpVGHXPWXERGH
ERUUDFKD QD PDLRULD GRV VLVWHPDV R HOHPHQWR VHQVtYHO GR VHQVRU GH SUHVVmR
DEVROXWD p FRQVWLWXtGR GH XPD PHPEUDQD GH PDWHULDO FHUkPLFR e FRPSRVWR GH
GXDVFkPDUDVVHSDUDGDVSHORGLDIUDJPDFHUkPLFRXPDGHODVIHFKDGDjYiFXRHD
RXWUD H[SRVWD j SUHVVmR GR FROHWRU 2 VLQDO GHULYDGR GD GHIRUPDomR TXH VRIUH D
PHPEUDQDDQWHVGHVHUHQYLDGRDRPyGXORGHLQMHomRHOHWU{QLFDpDPSOLILFDGRSRU
XPFLUFXLWRHOHWU{QLFRDORMDGRMXQWRjPHPEUDQDFHUkPLFD

2 VHQVRU GH SUHVVmR DEVROXWD WHP FRPR IXQomR LQIRUPDU R PyGXOR GH LQMHomR
HOHWU{QLFDDSUHVVmRDEVROXWDQDTXDOVHHQFRQWUDRFROHWRUGHDGPLVVmRYDORUHVWH
GHWHUPLQDGRSHODURWDomRGRPRWRUHSHODSRVLomRGDERUEROHWDGHDFHOHUDomR

$ SUHVVmR DEVROXWD PDLV DV LQIRUPDo}HV GRV GHPDLV VHQVRUHV GR VLVWHPD YmR
GHWHUPLQDUDFRUUHWDSURSRUomRDUFRPEXVWtYHOHRDYDQoRGHLJQLomR

(VWH VHQVRU HP DOJXQV VLVWHPDV WDPEpP GHILQH

D DOWLWXGH HP UHODomR DR QtYHO GR PDU TXH R
YHLFXOR VH HQFRQWUD 6HQGR TXH QD SULPHLUD
SDUWLGDRXVHMDFRPRPRWRUSDUDGRDGHSUHVVmR




GR FROHWRU GH DGPLVVmR p D PHVPD GR TXH GR DU GHILQLQGR D DOWLWXGH
(VWDLQIRUPDomRpLPSRUWDQWHSDUDRFDOFXORGDLQMHomRYLVWRTXHTXDQWRPDLVDOWD
IRUDDOWLWXGHHPUHODomRDRQtYHOGRPDUPDLVDUUDURHIHLWRHQFRQWUDPRV

Sensor de posição da borboleta

2VHQVRUGHSRVLomRGDERUEROHWDpXPSRWHQFL{PHWURURWDWLYR

(QFRQWUDVHOLJDGRDRHL[RGDERUEROHWDTXHRPRYLPHQWD2VHQVRUGHSRVLomRGD
ERUEROHWD p DOLPHQWDGR SHOR PyGXOR GH LQMHomR FRP XPD WHQVmR YROWV GH
UHIHUrQFLD FXMD VDtGD YDULD GH DFRUGR FRP D SRVLomR GD ERUEROHWD GHPDQGD GR
PRWRULVWD
2V YDORUHV GH WHQVmR GH VDtGD SRGHP
YDULDU QR WLSR GH LQMHomR DSOLFDGD DR
YHtFXOR 2 PyGXOR GH LQMHomR XWLOL]D
HVWDYROWDJHPSDUDUHODFLRQDURkQJXOR
GD ERUEROHWD GH DFHOHUDomR SDUD R
FiFXOR GD TXDQWLGDGH GH FRPEXVWtYHO
UHTXHULGDSHORPRWRU&RPDERUEROHWD
IHFKDGD D YROWDJHP TXH UHWRUQD DR
PyGXOR p EDL[D DXPHQWDQGR QD
PHGLGD HP TXH D ERUEROHWD VH DEUH
$ SRVLomR GD ERUEROHWD p PXLWR
LPSRUWDQWH SDUD SHUPLWLU R FiOFXOR GD
URWDomR GH PDUFKDOHQWD DYDQoR QR
SRQWR GD LJQLomR H TXDQWLGDGH GH
FRPEXVWtYHO D VHU LQMHWDGD 2 PyGXOR
GH LQMHomR GHWHFWD D SRVLomR GD
ERUEROHWD HP WRGR R VHX SHUFXUVR
DWUDYpVGDWHQVmRUHFHELGDGHYDULDomR
GHYROWDJHP

Sensor de fluxo de ar




 

2 VHQVRU GH IOX[R GH PDVVD GH DU 0$) XWLOL]D XP ILR DTXHFLGR VHQVtYHO SDUD
PHGLU D TXDQWLGDGH GH DU DGPLWLGR SHOR PRWRU 2 DU TXH SDVVD SHOR ILR DTXHFLGR
SURYRFDRUHVIULDPHQWRGRPHVPR(VVHILRDTXHFLGRpPDQWLGRDƒ&DFLPDGD
WHPSHUDWXUD DPELHQWH PHGLGD SRU XP ILR FRQVWDQWHPHQWH IULR 2 ILR TXH PHGH D
WHPSHUDWXUD DPELHQWH p WDPEpP FRQKHFLGR FRPR ³FROG ZLUH³ SRUTXH QmR p
DTXHFLGR7HPSHUDWXUDDPELHQWHVLJQLILFDDWHPSHUDWXUDHPWRUQRGHVWHVHQVRU2
ILR IULR VHUYH FRPR UHIHUrQFLD j WHPSHUDWXUD DPELHQWH 2 ILR TXHQWH WDPEpP
FKDPDGR GH ³KRW ZLUH´ p DTXHFLGR SHOR FLUFXLWR GR 0$) D ž& DFLPD GD
WHPSHUDWXUD DPELHQWH 6H D WHPSHUDWXUD DPELHQWH IRU ƒ& R ILR TXHQWH VHUi
DTXHFLGRDƒ&6HRGLDHVWLYHUTXHQWHFHUFDGHƒ&RILRTXHQWHVHUiDTXHFLGR
DWpƒ&


2 DU DGPLWLGR LUi SDVVDU SHORV GRLV ILRV H RV GRLV VHUmR UHVIULDGRV R FLUFXLWR GH
FRQWUROHIRUQHFHUiXPDWHQVmRSDUDPDQWHURILRTXHQWHQDWHPSHUDWXUDGLIHUHQFLDO
GHƒ&(VWHFULDXPVLQDOGHWHQVmRPRQLWRUL]DGRSHORPyGXORGHLQMHomR&RP
XP JUDQGH IOX[R GH DU H FRP R ILR UHVIULDGR WHPVH XP VLQDO GH QtYHO DOWR 2
UHVIULDPHQWR GHSHQGH GD PDVVD GH DU TXH SDVVD QR FROHWRU GH DGPLVVmR
2VLQDOGRVHQVRUGHIOX[RGHDUpXVDGRSHORPyGXORGHLQMHomRSDUDRFiOFXORGD
TXDQWLGDGHGHDUTXHHQWUDQRFROHWRUDGPLVVmRSDUDRPRWRUHFRQVHTHQWHPHQWH
DTXDQWLGDGHGRFRPEXVWtYHODVHULQMHWDGR




Sensor de detonação
2VHQVRUGHGHWRQDomRHVWiVLWXDGRMXQWRDREORFRGRPRWRUHPVXDSDUWHLQIHULRU

4XDQGR RFRUUH D GHWRQDomR VmR JHUDGDV YLEUDo}HV VLWXDGDV HP XPD IDL[D GH
IUHTrQFLDVRQRUDHVSHFLILFD

6HQGR R VHQVRU GH GHWRQDomR FRQVWLWXtGR GH XP

HOHPHQWR SLH]RHOpWULFR FRQVHJXH LGHQWLILFDU HVWD
IUHTrQFLD VRQRUD HVSHFLILFD H LQIRUPD R PyGXOR
GHLQMHomRHOHWU{QLFRDRFRUUrQFLDGDGHWRQDomRQR
PRWRU

1R PRPHQWR TXH R PyGXOR GH LQMHomR HOHWU{QLFR

UHFHEH HVWH VLQDO LQLFLD LPHGLDWDPHQWH XP
SURFHVVR GH UHGXomR JUDGXDO GR DYDQoR GH
LJQLomR

$SyV R WpUPLQR GD GHWRQDomR R VLVWHPD

UHVWDEHOHFHRYDORUGHDYDQoRGHLJQLomRFDOLEUDGR
HP FDGD WLSR GH LQMHomR H PRWRU
1RV VHQVRUHV SLH]RHOpWULFRV TXDQGR RV PDWHULDLV
VmR VXEPHWLGRV D XP HVIRUoR PHFkQLFR VXUJH
XPDSRODUL]DomRHOpWULFDQRFULVWDOTXHRVFRPS}H
HVXDVIDFHVWRUQDPVHHOHWULFDPHQWHFDUUHJDGDV
D SRODULGDGH GHVVDV FDUJDV p LQYHUWLGD FDVR D
FRPSUHVVmR VHMD FRQYHUWLGD HP WHQVmR PHFkQLFD
(P FRQWUD SDUWLGD D DSOLFDomR GH XP FDPSR
HOpWULFR DR PDWHULDO ID] FRP TXH HOH VH H[SDQGD
RXFRQWUDLDGHDFRUGRFRPDSRODULGDGHGRFDPSR

(VWH p R SULQFtSLR GH RSHUDomR GRV VHQVRUHV SLH]RHOpWULFRV FXMD D LPSRUWkQFLD

UHVLGH QR DFRSODPHQWR HQWUH DV HQHUJLDV HOpWULFD H PHFkQLFD ± VHQGR PXLWR
XWLOL]DGRVSRUWDQWRHPFiSVXODVIRQRJUiILFDVDOWRIDODQWHVHPLFURIRQHV




Sensor de velocidade
2VHQVRUGHYHORFLGDGHWDPEpPFKDPDGRGH966RXVHMDYHORFLW\VSHHGVHQVRU
IRUQHFHXPVLQDOFRPIRUPDGHRQGDFXMDIUHTrQFLDpSURSRUFLRQDOjYHORFLGDGHGR
YHtFXOR
1RUPDOPHQWHRVHQVRUpPRQWDGRQRFkPELRGRYHtFXOR
6HRYHtFXORVHPRYLPHQWDDXPDYHORFLGDGHUHODWLYDPHQWHEDL[DRVHQVRUSURGX]
XP VLQDOGH EDL[D IUHTrQFLD ¬ PHGLGDTXH DYHORFLGDGH DXPHQWD R VHQVRU JHUD
XPVLQDOGHIUHTrQFLDPDLRU
2 PyGXOR GH LQMHomR XWLOL]D D IUHTrQFLD GR VLQDO JHUDGR GR
VHQVRUGHYHORFLGDGHSDUDLGHQWLILFDURYHLFXORSDUDGRRXHP
PRYLPHQWR HQULTXHFLPHQWR GR FRPEXVWtYHO GXUDQWH D
DFHOHUDomR FRUWH GR FRPEXVWtYHO FXWRII FRQWUROH GD
URWDomRHPPDUFKDOHQWDSHUPLWHHPDOJXQVWLSRVGHLQMHomR
TXH R YHQWLODGRU GR UDGLDGRU VHMD GHVOLJDGR HP YHORFLGDGHV
HOHYDGDV DFLRQDU D HPEUHDJHP GR FRQYHUVRU GH WRUTXH HP
YHtFXORV HTXLSDGRV FRP WUDQVPLVVmR DXWRPiWLFD $LQGD DWXD
QD OX] LQGLFDWLYD GH PXGDQoD GH PDUFKDV QRV YHtFXORV HTXLSDGRV FRP HVVH
GLVSRVLWLYRHWUDQVPLVVmRPDQXDOHFRPSXWDGRUGHERUGRSDUDFiOFXORVGHGLVWDQFLD
FRQVXPRHHWF
2VHQVRUGHYHORFLGDGHQDVXDJUDQGHPDLRULDpXPVHQVRUPDJQpWLFRGRWLSRKDOO

Sensor de fase (HALL)

$OJXQVVLVWHPDVGHLQMHomRPDQWrPRVHQVRUGHIDVHRXVHQVRUKDOOSDUDHQYLDUR
VLQDODRPRGXORGHLQMHomRHOHWU{QLFDVREUHDSRVLomRHDURWDomRGRYLUDEUHTXLP
1D JUDQGH PDLRULD GRV VLVWHPDV TXH XWLOL]DP R VHQVRU KDOO R SRVLFLRQDPHQWR p
GHQWURGRGLVWULEXLGRUGHLJQLomRGLUHWDPHQWHDFRSODGRDRHL[RGRGLVWULEXLGRU
2 VHQVRU KDOO LGHQWLILFD D SRVLomR GR
YLUDEUHTXLP H HQYLD HVWD LQIRUPDomR
DR PyGXOR GH LQMHomR HOHWU{QLFR HP
IRUPD GH VLQDO UHWDQJXODU 2 VLQDO
UHWDQJXODU GR VHQVRU KDOO p XWLOL]DGR
SHOR PyGXOR GH LQMHomR HOHWU{QLFD
SDUD D GHWHUPLQDomR GR kQJXOR GH
LJQLomR FRP EDVH QDV URWDo}HV 6HP
HVWH VLQDO GH UHIHUrQFLD QmR p
SRVVtYHOUHJXODUFRPSUHFLVmRRSRQWR
GDLJQLomR
2IXQFLRQDPHQWRGRVHQVRUKDOOpHP
EDVHPXLWRSDUHFLGRFRPRVHQVRUGH
SUR[LPLGDGH SRUpP QHOH VH ID]VH
XVRGHXPDFpOXODGHHIHLWRKDOOFRPR
GHWHFWRU GDV YDULDo}HV GH FDPSR
PDJQpWLFR (VWHV GHWHFWRUHV QXQFD
VmR SDVVLYRV QHFHVVLWDQGR GH
DOLPHQWDomRSDUDVHXIXQFLRQDPHQWR
(PDOJXQVFDVRVRGHWHFWRUGHHIHLWR
KDOO QmR LQFRUSRUD RV LPmV FULDGRUHV
GH FDPSR PDV p XWLOL]DGR FRP XP
DWXDGRUFRPPDJQHWLVPRSHUPDQHQWH




Sensor de rotação do vira brequim
2 VHQVRU GH URWDomR WHP FRPR IXQomR IRUQHFHU DR PyGXOR GH LQMHomR XP VLQDO
HOpWULFRRTXDOSRVVLELOLWDDVLQFURQL]DomRGRVLVWHPDWHPSRGHLQMHomRDYDQoRGH
LJQLomRHRXWURVSDUkPHWURVFRPRSRQWRPRUWRVXSHULRUGRPRWRU
2VLQDOJHUDGRSHORVHQVRUpREWLGRDWUDYpVGDYDULDomRGRIOX[RPDJQpWLFR
&RPDURWDomRGRPRWRURVGHQWHVGDURGDGHQWDGDRXUHVVDOWRVSDVVDPGHIURQWH
DRVHQVRUHHVWHSRUVXDYH]IRUQHFHXPVLQDOGHWHQVmRDRPyGXORGHLQMHomRD
FDGDSDVVDJHPGRVGHQWHVRXUHVVDOWRV

2 VHQVRU GH URWDomR WDPEpP SRGH VHU FKDPDGR GH GHWHFWRU LQGXWLYR VHQVtYHO D
PDWHULDLVIHUURPDJQpWLFRVFRPERELQDRXDWpVHQVRUPDJQpWLFR
&RPRVHXQRPHLQGLFDHVWHGHWHFWRUGHSUR[LPLGDGHVRPHQWHDJHDQWHDSUHVHQoD
GHPDWHULDLVIHUURPDJQpWLFRV(PWRGRVHOHVID]VHRXVRGHXPFDPSRPDJQpWLFR
HVWiWLFR JHUDOPHQWH SURGX]LGR SRU tPmV SHUPDQHQWHV LQFRUSRUDGRV QR SUySULR
GHWHFWRUFRQGX]LGRSRUXPFDPLQKRGHHOHYDGDUHOXWkQFLDJHUDOPHQWHRDUTXHp
PRGLILFDGDSHODSUHVHQoDGHPDWHULDOIHUURPDJQpWLFRDGHWHFWDU
$OJXQV GHVWHV VHQVRUHV VmR PRQWDGRV j IUHQWH GR PRWRU QD SROLD H RXWURV VmR
PRQWDGRVVREUHRYRODQWHGRPRWRURXVHMDQDWUDVHLUDHWRGRVFRPRPHVPRILP
LGHQWLILFDUDSRVLomRDQJXODUUHODWLYDGRYLUDEUHTXLP

Sensor de rotação do eixo comando de válvulas

1RV VLVWHPDV GH LQMHomR PXOWLSRLQW H VHTHQFLDLV RX VHMD HP TXH HP TXH H[LVWD
XP ELFR LQMHWRU SDUD FDGD FLOLQGUR H D LQMHomR p IHLWD VHTHQFLDOPHQWH HIHWXDGD
XPD YH] SRU FLOLQGUR R VLVWHPD XWLOL]D XP VHQVRU GH IDVH TXH p PRQWDGR HP XP
GRVHL[RVGRFRPDQGRGHYiOYXODVGRPRWRUQRFDEHoRWH




(VWHVHQVRUSRGHVHUHPDOJXQVWLSRVGHLQMHomRGRWLSRKDOORXGHSUR[LPLGDGHH
VXDDSOLFDomRWHPRREMHWLYRGHLQIRUPDUDRPyGXORGHLQMHomRHOHWU{QLFDDSRVLomR
GRHL[RGRFRPDQGRGHYiOYXODVGHIRUPDDLGHQWLILFDUTXDQGRRSLVWmRQ~PHURXP
HVWiQRFLFORGHFRPSUHVVmRXPVLQDOHQWmRpHQYLDGRDRPyGXORGHLQMHomRTXHp
XWLOL]DGRSDUDVLQFURQL]DURVLQMHWRUHVGHFRPEXVWtYHO

Módulo
2 PyGXOR GH LQMHomR GXUDQWH R IXQFLRQDPHQWR GR PRWRU HODERUD RV GDGRV GH
FKHJDGD GRV FLUFXLWRV SHULIpULFRV VHQVRUHV H RV FRPSDUD FRP RV H[LVWHQWHV QR
DUTXLYRGDPHPyULD(3520
,PHGLDWDPHQWH DSyV OHYDQWDU XPD DQRPDOLD DWLYD R SURFHGLPHQWR GH
³HPHUJrQFLD´ PHPRUL]D R LQFRQYHQLHQWH QD PHPyULD 5$0 H VXEVWLWXL R YDORU GR
VHQVRUGHIHLWXRVRSRUXPYDORUVXEVWLWXWRFRQVWDQWH


)D] SRVWHULRUHV FRQWUROHV HP WHPSRV H[WUHPDPHQWH SHTXHQRV PLOLVHJXQGRV DR
ILQDOGRVTXDLVWUDQVIHUHRLQFRQYHQLHQWHSDUDDPHPyULD(3520FRQILUPDRXYDULD
D YDORU VXEVWLWXWR FRQVWDQWH GH PRGR WDO D SHUPLWLU R IXQFLRQDPHQWR GR PRWRU
+DELOLWD SRUWDQWR R DFHQGLPHQWR GD OkPSDGD GH DGYHUWrQFLD QR SDLQHO GH
LQVWUXPHQWRV
2 PyGXOR GH LQMHomR HP FDVR GH DQRPDOLD QmR SHUPDQHQWH LQWHUPLWHQWH
DEDQGRQD R IXQFLRQDPHQWR GH HPHUJrQFLD H GHSRLV GH DOJXQV VHJXQGRV UHWRPD
HP FRQVLGHUDomR R VLQDO SURYHQLHQWH GR VHQVRU HP TXHVWmR H FRPDQGD R




DSDJDPHQWRGDOkPSDGDGHDGYHUWrQFLDUHWHQGRSRUpPQDPHPyULDDLQIRUPDomR
GHGHIHLWRRFRUULGR
2 VLVWHPD DQXOD RV GHIHLWRV PHPRUL]DGRV LPHGLDWDPHQWH DSyV R FRQWDGRU GH
SDUWLGDVVXSHUDUXPFHUWRQXPHURGHSDUWLGDVDFRQWDUGD~OWLPDTXHVHYHULILFRXR
GHIHLWR

Conector de diagnóstico
$OkPSDGDGHDGYHUWrQFLDGDLQMHomRIXQFLRQDGDPHVPDPDQHLUDTXHDVOX]HVGH
DGYHUWrQFLD GH SUHVVmR GH yOHR RX EDWHULD RX VHMD GHYH DFHQGHU DR VHU OLJDGR R
FRQWDWRGHLJQLomRGDFKDYHGRYHtFXORHGHYHDSDJDUDOJXQVVHJXQGRVDSyV
6H R PRWRU HVWLYHU HP IXQFLRQDPHQWR H D OkPSDGD GH DGYHUWrQFLD DFHQGHU
VDEHPRVTXHRVLVWHPDGHLQMHomRDSUHVHQWRXDOJXPDIDOKDHDLSDUDRGLDJQRVWLFR
HUHSDURGRVLVWHPDpQHFHVViULRXPHTXLSDPHQWRTXHpFRQHFWDGRDRWHUPLQDOGH
GLDJQyVWLFRGRYHtFXOR
$TXL QR %UDVLO RV IDEULFDQWHV SRVLFLRQDP R FRQHFWRUQRVPDLV YDULDGRV OXJDUHV GR
YHtFXOR Mi TXH QmR H[LVWH XPD SDGURQL]DomR SDUD R FRQHFWRU HP VL RQGH FDGD
IDEULFDQWHXWLOL]DRVPDLVGLYHUVRVWLSRVHIRUPDWRVGHFRQHFWRUHV
1RV(8$RFRQHFWRUGHGLDJQyVWLFRVHUDFKDPDGRGH$/'/DVVHPEO\OLQHGLDJQRVWLF
OLQN RX 2%' RQ ERUG GLDJQRVWLF PDV GHSRLV GD SDGURQL]DomR SRU OHJLVODomR
SDVVRX D VHU FKDPDGR GH 2%' ,, H p LJXDO HP WRGRV RV YHtFXORV IDEULFDGRV QRV
(8$ DOpP GH VHU SDGUmR R SRVLFLRQDPHQWR GR PHVPR GHYH VHU QR Pi[LPR j 
FHQWtPHWURVGRFHQWURGRSDLQHOGRYHtFXOR
Ê DWUDYpV GHVWH FRQHFWRU TXH VmR IHLWDV DV OHLWXUDV GRV GHIHLWRV TXH ILFDP
DUPD]HQDGRV QD PHPyULD GR PyGXOR GH LQMHomR HOHWU{QLFD H WDPEpP RXWURV
VLVWHPDVGRYHtFXOR

Atuadores
$ SULQFLSDO IXQomR GR VLVWHPD GH LQMHomR HOHWU{QLFD p FDOFXODU H GRVDU
DGHTXDGDPHQWH D TXDQWLGDGH GH FRPEXVWtYHO IRUQHFLGD DR PRWRU HP VXDV
GLIHUHQWHVFRQGLo}HVGHIXQFLRQDPHQWR
2XWUD IXQomR LPSRUWDQWH p R FRQWUROH GD LJQLomR HP FHUWRV VLVWHPDV FRQWURODGRV
SRUXPPyGXORGHSRWrQFLD
$VLQIRUPDo}HVGHHVWDGRGRPRWRUUHFHELGDVGRVVHQVRUHVVmRSURFHVVDGDVSHOR
PyGXOR GH LQMHomR HOHWU{QLFD TXH DFLRQD RVDWXDGRUHV GH FRQWUROH GH FRPEXVWtYHO
GRDUGDPDUFKDOHQWDHHWF






Bomba elétrica

$V ERPEDV HOpWULFDV WHP R PHVPR SULQFtSLR GDV ERPEDV PHFkQLFDV ERPEHDU
FRPEXVWtYHO
([LVWHP GXDV SRVLo}HV RQGH VmR FRORFDGDV LQWHUQDPHQWH QR WDQTXH GH
FRPEXVWtYHO H H[WHUQDPHQWH QDV WXEXODo}HV TXH OHYDP D JDVROLQD DWp R PRWRU
4XDQWRDRVWLSRVGHERPEDVWHPRVGHUROHWHVHSDOHWDV

Regulador de Pressão
1RUPDOPHQWHR UHJXODGRUGHSUHVVmRHVWiIL[DGRQDOLQKDGHDOLPHQWDomR3DUDRV
YHtFXORVGHLQMHomRGHPRQRSRQWRHOHILFDIL[DGRQRSUySULRFRUSRGHERUEROHWDRX
7%, 1RV YHtFXORV GH LQMHomR PXOWLSRLQW DEDL[R GRV LQMHWRUHV GH FRPEXVWtYHO
(OHUHJXODDSUHVVmRGRFRPEXVWtYHOIRUQHFLGDDRLQMHWRURXLQMHWRUHV2UHJXODGRUp
XPD YiOYXOD GH DOtYLR RSHUDGD SRU XP GLDIUDJPD WDQWR QR PRQRSRQWR TXDQWR QR
PXOWLSRLQW


1RUHJXODGRUGHSUHVVmRGRPXOWLSRLQWXPODGRGRGLDIUDJPDGHWHFWDDSUHVVmRGR
FRPEXVWtYHOHRRXWURHVWiFRQHFWDGRDRYiFXRGRFROHWRUGHDGPLVVmR$SUHVVmRp
HVWDELOL]DGDSRUXPDPRODSUpFDOLEUDGDDSOLFDGDDRGLDIUDJPD2HTXLOtEULRGHXP
ODGR GR GLDIUDJPD FRP R YiFXR GR FROHWRU PDQWpP XPD SUHVVmR FRQVWDQWH QRV
LQMHWRUHV $ SUHVVmR p DOWD TXDQGR R YiFXR GR PRWRU p EDL[R 2 H[FHVVR GH
FRPEXVWtYHOJHUDGRSHODERPEDpGHVYLDGRSHORUHJXODGRUHUHWRUQDDRWDQTXHSHOD
OLQKDGHUHWRUQRGHFRPEXVWtYHO




1R UHJXODGRU GR PRQRSRQWR R IXQFLRQDPHQWR p GD PHVPD IRUPD VRPHQWH QmR p
XVDGRRYiFXRGRPRWRUHPDOJXQVWLSRVGHLQMHomR3RULVVRDSUHVVmRpVRPHQWH
H[HUFLGDFRQWUDDWHQVmRSUpIL[DGDGDPRODUHJXODGRUD

Bico injetor
2 LQMHWRU GH FRPEXVWtYHO p XP GLVSRVLWLYR HOHWURPDJQpWLFR WLSR VROHQyLGH RQRII
TXH FRQWpP XP VROHQyLGH TXH DR UHFHEHU XP VLQDO HOpWULFR GR PyGXOR GH LQMHomR
HOHWU{QLFDHPSXUUDRrPERORRX Q~FOHRSDUDFLPD,VWRSHUPLWHTXH XPDYiOYXOD
SUHVVLRQDGDSRUXPDPRODVHGHVORTXHGHVXDVHGHSHUPLWLQGRTXHRFRPEXVWtYHO
VHMDSXOYHUL]DGRRXDWRPL]DGRQRFROHWRUGHDGPLVVmR
2YROXPHGHFRPEXVWtYHOLQMHWDGRpSURSRUFLRQDODRWHPSRGHDEHUWXUDGDYiOYXOD




 
2 PyGXOR GH LQMHomR HOHWU{QLFD DSyV WHU UHFHELGR LQIRUPDo}HV GRV GLYHUVRV
VHQVRUHV VREUH DV FRQGLo}HV GH IXQFLRQDPHQWR GR PRWRU GHILQH R WHPSR GH
LQMHomRPDQGDQGRXPVLQDODRELFRLQMHWRU




Atuador de marcha lenta
$ ILQDOLGDGH p FRQWURODU R DU GD PDUFKD OHQWD H FRQWURODU D URWDomR GR PRWRU GH
PRGRDHYLWDUDSDUDGDGRPRWRUGXUDQWHDVDOWHUDo}HVGHFDUJDGRPHVPR
1RV VLVWHPDV PRQRSRQWR p PDLV FRQKHFLGR SRU PRWRU GH SDVVR H p PRQWDGR QR
FRUSRGHERUEROHWDRX7%,(VWHVLVWHPDSRVVXLXPPRWRUHOpWULFRTXHHIHWXDXPD
YROWDFRPSOHWDƒDFDGD;QXPHURGHSDVVRVVHQGRRVSDVVRVFDOFXODGRVSHOR
PyGXORGHLQMHomRHOHWU{QLFDHHQYLDGRHPIRUPDGHWHQVmRHOpWULFDjYiOYXOD


$ YiOYXOD DWXDGRUD GH PDUFKD OHQWD WDPEpP FRQKHFLGD SRU ,$& LGOH DLU FRQWURO
YDOYH QRV VLVWHPDVPXOWLSRLQW GH LQMHomR HOHWU{QLFD HPPXLWRVFDVRV XWLOL]D XP
VROHQyLGHDRLQYpVGHXPPRWRUPDVVHXIXQFLRQDPHQWRVHUHVWULQJHDRPHVPR
FRQWURODUDTXDQWLGDGHGHDUGHVYLDGRDQWHVGDERUEROHWDGHDFHOHUDomRSDUDGHSRLV
GDERUEROHWDFRQWURODQGRDVVLPDPDUFKDOHQWDGRPRWRU
2 PyGXOR GH LQMHomR HOHWU{QLFD WDPEpP XWLOL]D D YiOYXOD SDUD FRQWURODU D PDUFKD
OHQWDDFHOHUDGDFRPRPRWRUIULRSDUDXPUiSLGRDTXHFLPHQWR




Válvula de canister
7HPDIXQomRGHGRVDURIOX[RGRVYDSRUHVGHFRPEXVWtYHOSURYHQLHQWHVGRWDQTXH
GH FRPEXVWtYHO GR YHtFXOR H TXH VmR UHWLGRV HP XP ILOWUR GH FDUYmR DWLYDGR
FDQLVWHU
2V YDSRUHV GH FRPEXVWtYHO VmR UHXWLOL]DGRV QD DGPLVVmR QR PRWRU DWUDYpV GR
IXQFLRQDPHQWR GD YiOYXOD GR FDQLVWHU TXH p FRQWURODGD SHOR PRGXOR GH LQMHomR
HOHWU{QLFD
(PDOJXQVWLSRVGHLQMHomRHOHWU{QLFDDYiOYXODWDPEpPpFKDPDGDGHVROHQyLGHGH
SXUJDGRFDQLVWHU

Turbo
$ LQGXVWULD DXWRPRELOtVWLFD HPSUHJD HP DOJXQV PRGHORV WXUELQDV DFLRQDGDV SHORV
JDVHV GH HVFDSH UHFXSHUDQGR SDUWH GD HQHUJLD GH PRYLPHQWDomR TXH GH RXWUD
IRUPD VH GLVSHUVDULD QD DWPRVIHUD 2V JDVHV TXH VDHP GD FkPDUD GH H[SORVmR
SRVVXHP WHPSHUDWXUD HOHYDGD H XPD FHUWD SUHVVmR H D WXUELQD FRQYHUWH SDUWH
GHVVDHQHUJLDPHFkQLFD
$ IXQomR p DXPHQWDU D FDSDFLGDGH GH DGPLVVmR GH DU QR PRWRU JHUDQGR PDLRU
SRWrQFLDSHORIDWRGHXPDH[SORVmRVyRFRUUHUFRPR[LJrQLRDU
3DUD XPD PHOKRU YLVXDOL]DomR YDPRV LPDJLQDU XP PRWRU GH / LVWR p D FDGD
JLURFRPSOHWRGRYLUDEUHTXLPHVWHPRWRUDVSLURXOLWURVGHDU6HRPRWRUJLUDUD
530GDUiJLURVQXPVHJXQGRRTXHHTXLYDOHDDVSLUDomRGHOLWURV
GHDUSRUVHJXQGR,VWRFDXVDXPDGHILFLrQFLDHPUHJLPHVPXLWRDOWRVGHURWDomR
$RVDtUHPRVJDVHVGHHVFDSHDFLRQDPDWXUELQD$WXUELQDDRJLUDUPRYLPHQWDR
FRPSUHVVRURVTXDLVHVWmROLJDGRVSRU XPHL[R$RJLUDU RFRPSUHVVRUVXJDRDU
DPELHQWH H R FRPSULPH QR PRWRU HP DOJXQV PRGHORV ID]HQGRR SDVVDU SHOR
UDGLDGRU LQWHUFRROHU SDUD UHVIULiOR H DVVLP HQWUDU QD FkPDUD GH H[SORVmR 2 DU
HP H[FHVVR p H[SXOVR SHOD YiOYXOD GH DOLYLR TXH p FDOLEUDGD SDUD FDGD WLSR GH
PRWRU



2 HL[R GD WXUELQD p OXEULILFDGR H DUUHIHFLGR SHOR yOHR GR PRWRU H HP DOJXQV
PRGHORVGHWXUELQDVWDPEpPSHODiJXDGRVLVWHPDGHDUUHIHFLPHQWR


9È/98/$ '( $/,9,2

(PDOWRVUHJLPHVGHURWDomRRWXUERFRPSUHVVRUSRGHDWLQJLUURWDo}HVVXSHULRUHVD

530HWRGRHVWHPRYLPHQWRJHUDSUHVVmRGH.JIFPðRXPDLVTXHHTXLYDOHD
YH]HV D SUHVVmR DWPRVIpULFD 4XDQWR PDLRU D SUHVVmR PDLRU R HQFKLPHQWR GR
PRWRU FRP R DU SRUHP SUHVVmR GHPDLV LUi RFDVLRQDU GDQRV DR PHVPR DVVLP
H[LVWH XPD YiOYXOD TXH FRQWUROD D SUHVVmR H OLEHUD R DU TXDQGR D SUHVVmR HVWLYHU
PXLWRDOWD



,17(5&22/(5
2VPRWRUHVWXUELQDGRVHPSXUUDPRDUSDUDGHQWURGRPRWRUFRPSUHVVmRHSHODV
OHLVGDItVLFDSUHVVmRJHUDFDORUHSRUHVVDUD]mRRDUDVSLUDGRSHORPRWRUHVWDUi
PXLWRTXHQWH4XDQGRRDUpDTXHFLGRVXDVPROpFXODVVHGLVVLSDPHQWUHHODVDGR
R[LJrQLRTXHpUHVSRQViYHOGLUHWDSHODFRPEXVWmRMXQWDPHQWHFRPRFRPEXVWtYHO
3DUDUHVROYHUHVVHSUREOHPDIRLLQWURGX]LGRRLQWHUFRROHUTXHQDGDPDLVpTXHXP
UDGLDGRU GH DU VHPHOKDQWH DR XWLOL]DGR SDUD DEDL[DU D WHPSHUDWXUD GD iJXD GH
DUUHIHFLPHQWRGRVPRWRUHV




2DUDTXHFLGRTXHVDLGRWXUERHpFRQGX]LGRDWpHVVHUDGLDGRUSDVVDSRUPXLWDV
DOHWDVTXHWrPDIXQomRGHWURFDUFDORUFRPRPHLRDPELHQWH1DVDtGDRDUDWLQJH
XPDWHPSHUDWXUDPXLWRPDLVDGHTXDGD3RGHPRVGL]HUTXHHPPpGLDRDUHQWUD
QR LQWHUFRROHU j ƒ & H VDL j ƒ & FRP PXLWR PDLV PROpFXODV GH R[LJrQLR QR
PHVPR YROXPH SHUIHLWR SDUD JHUDU XPD FRPEXVWmR H WHUPRV XP GHVHPSHQKR
DLQGDPHOKRUGRTXHDSHQDVPRWRUWXUELQDGR

Sistema de ignição
'D FRPEXVWmR GH XPD PLVWXUD GH DU H JDVROLQD QRV FLOLQGURV GH XP PRWRU D
JDVROLQD UHVXOWD D HQHUJLD QHFHVViULD SDUD PRYHU XP DXWRPyYHO 2 VLVWHPD GH
LJQLomRSURGX]DIDtVFDHOpWULFDTXHLQIODPDDPLVWXUD
&DGDFLOLQGURSRVVXLXPDYHODSURYLGDGHGRLVHOHPHQWRVPHWiOLFRV±RVHOHWURGRV±
TXH SHQHWUDP QD FkPDUD GH H[SORVmR 4XDQGR D FRUUHQWH HOpWULFD p IRUQHFLGD jV
YHODV D XPD YROWDJHP VXILFLHQWHPHQWH HOHYDGD D FRUUHQWH VDOWD DWUDYpV GR
LQWHUYDORHQWUHRVHOHWURGRVVREDIRUPDGHXPDIDtVFD


2 VLVWHPD GH LJQLomR GH XP DXWRPyYHO p FRQVWLWXtGR SRU TXDWUR SDUWHV SULQFLSDLV
XPD EDWHULD TXH IRUQHFH D FRUUHQWH HOpWULFD XPD ERELQD TXH HOHYD D WHQVmR GD
FRUUHQWHGHXPGLVWULEXLGRUTXHHQYLDDFRUUHQWHjVYHODVQRPRPHQWRDGHTXDGR
HILQDOPHQWHDVYHODVTXHSURGX]HPDVIDtVFDVTXHLQIODPDPDPLVWXUDFRQWLGDQRV
FLOLQGURV
2V VLVWHPDV GH LJQLomR SRU IDtVFD VmR EDVLFDPHQWH RV PHVPRV HP WRGRV RV
DXWRPyYHLV IDEULFDGRV DWXDOPHQWH 2V UHVWDQWHV FRPSRQHQWHV GR VLVWHPD GH
LJQLomRIRUQHFHPDHOHWULFLGDGHjVYHODVGHFDGDFLOLQGURDXPDYROWDJHPVXILFLHQWH
QRPRPHQWRSUHFLVR
1mRpIiFLODSURGXomRGDIDtVFDHQWUHRVHOHWURGRVGHXPDYHOD4XDQWRPDLRUIRUR
LQWHUYDORHQWUHRVHOHWURGRVPDLRUGHYHUiVHUDYROWDJHP
$ FRUUHQWHTXH FKHJD jV YHODV GHYHVHUGH DOWDWHQVmR SHOR PHQRV  YROWV
3RUpP SDUD FRPSHQVDU DV TXHGDV GH WHQVmR QR VLVWHPD SRGHUi VHU QHFHVViULR
HOHYDU HVVH Q~PHUR SDUD  YROWV &RPR D HQHUJLD IRUQHFLGD SHOD EDWHULD GH
XPDXWRPyYHOpQRUPDOPHQWHGHYROWVDERELQDWHUiGHHOHYDUHPPLOKDUHVGH
YH]HVHVWDWHQVmR8PDYH]REWLGDDDOWDWHQVmRHVWDGHYHUiVHUIRUQHFLGDDFDGD
YHODQRSUHFLVRPRPHQWRGRFLFORGHWHPSRV




2 GLVWULEXLGRU FRPR R VHX QRPH LQGLFD GLVWULEXL D HOHWULFLGDGH D FDGD XP GRV
FLOLQGURV VHJXQGR D VXD RUGHP GH LQIODPDomR 2V SODWLQDGRV FRQWULEXHP
MXQWDPHQWHFRPDERELQDSDUDDREWHQomRGDDOWDYROWDJHPQHFHVViULD

Bateria
$ EDWHULD IRUQHFH D HOHWULFLGDGH DR VLVWHPD GH LJQLomR DR PRWRU GH DUUDQTXH jV
OX]HVDRSDLQHOHDRUHVWDQWHGRVHTXLSDPHQWRVHOpWULFRVGRDXWRPyYHO
$ EDWHULD p FRPSRVWD SRU XP FHUWR Q~PHUR GH HOHPHQWRV ± FDGD XP GRV TXDLV
IRUQHFH XPD YROWDJHP OLJHLUDPHQWH VXSHULRU D  YROWV ± OLJDGRV S{U EDUUDV
PHWiOLFDV$VEDWHULDVGRVDXWRPyYHLVVmRFRQVWLWXtGDVSRUWUrVRXVHLVHOHPHQWRV


$ EDWHULD p XP HOHPHQWR HVVHQFLDO SDUD R DUPD]HQDPHQWR GD HQHUJLD QHFHVViULD
SDUDRDUUDQTXHGRPRWRUHRIXQFLRQDPHQWRGDVOX]HVTXDQGRDTXHOHHVWiSDUDGR
$ VXD FDSDFLGDGH p PHGLGD HP DPSHUHVKRUD 8PD EDWHULD GH  $K SRGHUi
IRUQHFHUXPD FRUUHQWH GH$ GXUDQWH FLQTHQWD H VHLV KRUDV H$GXUDQWH YLQWH H
RLWR KRUDV HWF 2 DUUDQTXH GRDXWRPyYHO H[LJH j EDWHULD DVXDSRWrQFLD Pi[LPD
3RGHP VHU  $ D  $ SDUD SRU HP IXQFLRQDPHQWR XP PRWRU HQTXDQWR XPD
ODQWHUQDSRGHH[LJLUDSHQDV$

&DGD HOHPHQWR p FRPSRVWR SRU GRLV FRQMXQWRV GH SODFDV HOHWURGRV LQWURGX]LGRV
QXPDVROXomRGHDFLGRVXOI~ULFRGLOXtGRHOHWUyOLWR8PGRVHOHWURGRVpFRQVWLWXtGR




SRU SODFDV UHYHVWLGDV GH SHUy[LGR GH FKXPER H R RXWUR SRU SODFDV UHYHVWLGDV GH
FKXPERHVSRQMRVR
4XDQGR XP HOHPHQWR HVWi HP IXQFLRQDPHQWR R iFLGR UHDJH FRP DV SODFDV
FRQYHUWHQGR HQHUJLD TXtPLFD HP HQHUJLD HOpWULFD &ULDVH DVVLP XPD FDUJD
SRVLWLYD QR HOHWURGR GH SHUy[LGR GH FKXPER H XPD FDUJD QHJDWLYD QR HOHWURGR GH
FKXPERHVSRQMRVR
$ FRUUHQWH HOpWULFD PHGLGD HP DPSHUHV $ SDVVD GH XP GRV SyORV GD EDWHULD
DWUDYpVGRFLUFXLWRGRDXWRPyYHOHHQWUDQDEDWHULDSHORRXWURSyORIHFKDQGRVHR
FLUFXLWRSRUPHLRGRHOHWUyOLWR
&RPR D UHDomR TXtPLFD VH PDQWpP IRUPDVH VXOIDWR GH FKXPER QD VXSHUItFLH GH
DPERVRVHOHWURGRVHRiFLGRVXOI~ULFRFRQYHUWHVHHPiJXD4XDQGRDVVXSHUItFLHV
GDV GXDV SODFDV ILFDP FRPSOHWDPHQWH FREHUWDV FRP VXOIDWR GH FKXPER D EDWHULD
HVWD GHVFDUUHJDGD 6H D EDWHULD IRU FDUUHJDGD QRYDPHQWH SRU PHLR GH XPD
FRUUHQWHHOpWULFDDSURSULDGDRVHOHWURGRVYROWDUmRDRVHXHVWDGRRULJLQDOHRiFLGR
VXOI~ULFRpUHJHQHUDGR
8PD EDWHULD SRGHUi ILFDU LQXWLOL]DGD GHYLGR D XP FHUWR Q~PHUR GH FDXVDV
LQFXVWUDomR GH VXOIDWR QDV SODFDV GH PRGR D LPSHGLU TXH D FRUUHQWH GH FDUJD DV
DWUDYHVVHGHVSUHQGLPHQWRGDPDWpULDDWLYDGDVSODFDVHXPYD]DPHQWRHQWUHRV
HOHPHQWRVTXHSRVVDFDXVDUXPFXUWRFLUFXLWR

Bobina
8PDEDWHULDGHDXWRPyYHOJHUDRXYROWV&RQWXGRpQHFHVViULDXPDYROWDJHP
PLOKDUHVGHYH]HVVXSHULRUSDUDVHREWHUDIDtVFDTXHLQIODPDDPLVWXUDGHJDVROLQD
H DU Ê D ERELQD TXH WUDQVIRUPD D FRUUHQWH GH EDL[D YROWDJHP GD EDWHULD HP
FRUUHQWHGHDOWDYROWDJHPQHFHVViULDSDUDDVYHODV$ERELQDGHXPDXWRPyYHOGH
WLSRPpGLRIRUQHFHDVYHODVXPDFRUUHQWHFRPWHQV}HVDWpYROWV
$ ERELQD IXQFLRQD VHJXQGR R SULQFLSLR GH TXH TXDQGR D FRUUHQWH HOpWULFD SDVVD
QXP HQURODPHQWR GH ILRV JHUDVH XP FDPSR PDJQpWLFR H LQYHUVDPHQWH TXDQGR
VHLQWHUURPSHXPFDPSRPDJQpWLFRJHUDVHHOHWULFLGDGHHPTXDOTXHUHQURODPHQWR
GHILRGHQWURGDVOLQKDVGHIRUoDGRFDPSRPDJQpWLFR




 
$YROWDJHPRULJLQDOVHUiDXPHQWDGDVHKRXYHUGRLVHQURODPHQWRVGHILRSRVVXLQGR
XPGHOHVPDLVHVSLUDVGRTXHRRXWUR2VGRLVHQURODPHQWRVGDERELQDURGHLDPXP
Q~FOHRGHIHUURPDFLRTXHFRQFHQWUDRFDPSRPDJQpWLFR2HQURODPHQWRSULPiULRp
FRQVWLWXtGR SRU DOJXPDV FHQWHQDV GH HVSLUDLV GH ILR UHODWLYDPHQWH JURVVR (VWH
HQURODPHQWR FRQVWLWXL D SDUWH GH EDL[D YROWDJHP H UHFHEH D FRUUHQWH YLQGD GD
EDWHULD
2 HQURODPHQWR VHFXQGiULR p FRQVWLWXtGR SRU PLOKDUHV GH HVSLUDV GH ILR ILQR FHUFD
GH  PWV (VWH HQURODPHQWR FRQVWLWXL D SDUWH GH DOWD YROWDJHP H IRUQHFH D
FRUUHQWHjVYHODV4XDQGRVHURGDDFKDYHGHLJQLomRDFRUUHQWHHOpWULFDYLQGDGD
EDWHULDDWLQJHXPGRVWHUPLQDLVGDERELQDDWUDYHVVDRHQURODPHQWRSULPiULRHVDL
SHORRXWURWHUPLQDOGRPHVPRHQURODPHQWRSDUDRVSODWLQDGRVGRGLVWULEXLGRU
6HRVSODWLQDGRVHVWLYHUHPIHFKDGRVDFRUUHQWHSDVVDUiSRUHOHVWUDQVIRUPDQGRR
HQURODPHQWR SULPiULR H R Q~FOHR QXP HOHWURtPm TXH FRPR WDO JHUDUi XP FDPSR
PDJQpWLFR1HVVHFDVRDFRUUHQWHFRPSOHWDRVHXFLUFXLWRDWUDYpVGDFDUURFHULDGR
DXWRPyYHOYROWDQGRjEDWHULD




 
$RDEULUHPVHRVSODWLQDGRVDFRUUHQWHVGHL[DGHSDVVDUSDUDRSULPiULRGDERELQD
H LQWHUURPSHVH R FDPSR PDJQpWLFR TXH DWUDYHVVD RV PLOKDUHV GH HVSLUDV GR



HQURODPHQWR VHFXQGiULR $ FRUUHQWH GH DOWD WHQVmR SDVVD GR HQURODPHQWR
VHFXQGiULRSDUDDVYHODVDWUDYpVGRGLVWULEXLGRUHUHWRUQDGDVYHODVSDUDDERELQD
DWUDYpVGDFDUURFHULD

1XPVLVWHPD GHERELQDGH LJQLomR D FRUUHQWH GH EDL[D YROWDJHP SDVVD GDEDWHULD

SDUD R FRQGHQVDGRU H RV SODWLQDGRV DWUDYpV GR HQURODPHQWR SULPiULR 2 FLUFXLWR
FRPSOHWDVH FRP R UHWRUQR GD FRUUHQWH DWUDYpV GR PRWRU H GD FDUURFHULD $
FRUUHQWH GH DOWD WHQVmR JHUDGD QD ERELQD SDVVD SDUD DV YHODV DWUDYpV GR
GLVWULEXLGRU




4XDQGRVHLQWHUURPSHRFDPSRPDJQpWLFRLQGX]VHXPDYROWDJHPQRHQURODPHQWR
SULPiULR VXILFLHQWHPHQWH HOHYDGD SDUD IRUPDU XP DUFR YROWDLFR HQWUH RV FRQWDWRV
GRVSODWLQDGRV&RPRHPFRQVHTrQFLDRVFRQWDWRVTXHLPDUVHLDPUDSLGDPHQWH
DFUHVFHQWDVH DR FLUFXLWR XP FRQGHQVDGRU SDUD VXSULPLU R DUFR 2 FRQGHQVDGRU
HVWDDORMDGRGHQWURGRGLVWULEXLGRUHOLJDGRHPSDUDOHORDRFRQWDWRGRVSODWLQDGRV
2FRQGHQVDGRUQmRSRGHVHUDWUDYHVVDGRSHODFRUUHQWHMiTXHpIRUPDGRSRUGXDV
SODFDV PHWiOLFDV VHSDUDGDV SRU XP LVRODGRU DWXDQGR FRQWXGR FRPR GHSyVLWR GH
HQHUJLD HOpWULFD TXH GH RXWUR PRGR LULD SURYRFDU D IRUPDomR GR DUFR TXDQGR GD
VHSDUDomRGRVFRQWDWRVGRVSODWLQDGRV
(VWD HQHUJLD p GHVFDUUHJDGD QR SULPiULR GD ERELQD SURGX]LQGR XP HIHLWR GH
LQYHUVmRTXHDFHOHUDDLQWHUUXSomRGRFDPSRPDJQpWLFRDXPHQWDQGRGHVWHPRGR
DYROWDJHPQRHQURODPHQWRVHFXQGiULR

Distribuidor
2GLVWULEXLGRUFRQVLVWHQDOLJDomRPHFkQLFDPyYHOHQWUHRVFRPSRQHQWHVGRVLVWHPD
GHLJQLomRHPRWRU
'HVOLJD H OLJD D FRUUHQWH GR HQURODPHQWR SULPiULR GD ERELQD SRU PHLR GRV
SODWLQDGRV H GLVWULEXL jV YHODV VHJXQGR D VXD RUGHP GH LJQLomR RX H[SORVmR
DWUDYpV GH XP URWRU D FRUUHQWH GH DOWD YROWDJHP SURGX]LGD SHOD ERELQD 2 URWRU
HVWiOLJDGRDRHL[RGRGLVWULEXLGRUHjPHGLGDTXHURGDOLJDRWHUPLQDOFHQWUDOGD
WDPSD TXH HVWi OLJDGR j ERELQD DRV FDERV GDV YHODV GH DFRUGR FRP D RUGHP GH
LJQLomR




 
&RPR D RUGHP GH LJQLomR QRV FLOLQGURV GHWHUPLQD D VHTrQFLD VHJXQGR D TXDO D
FRUUHQWH FKHJD jV YHODV FDGD FDER GH YHOD GHYH HQFRQWUDUVH OLJDGR j YHOD
FRUUHVSRQGHQWH 2 HL[R GR GLVWULEXLGRU p QRUPDOPHQWH DFLRQDGR SHOD iUYRUH GH
FRPDQGR SRU PHLR GH XPD HQJUHQDJHP KHOLFRLGDO TXH ID] JLUDU RV GRLV HL[RV j
PHVPD YHORFLGDGH (P DOJXQV PRWRUHV R HL[R GR GLVWULEXLGRU p DFLRQDGR
GLUHWDPHQWHSHORJLUDEUHTXLPSRUPHLRGHXPFRQMXQWRGHHQJUHQDJHQVTXHUHGX]
SDUDDPHWDGHRQ~PHURURWDo}HVGRGLVWULEXLGRU

,JQLomR DQWHFLSDGD ± 4XDOTXHU TXH VHMD D YHORFLGDGH GR PRWRU D GXUDomR GD
FRPEXVWmR p LQYDULiYHO 4XDQGR R PRWRU IXQFLRQD HP PDUFKD OHQWD D LJQLomR
RFRUUHQRPRPHQWRHPTXHRSLVWmRDOFDQoDSRQWRPRUWRVXSHULRUGRVHXFXUVRR
TXH SURSRUFLRQD R WHPSR QHFHVViULR SDUD TXH D H[SDQVmR GRV JDVHV HPSXUUH R
SLVWmRSDUDEDL[R




¬PHGLGDTXHDYHORFLGDGHGRPRWRUDXPHQWDUHGX]VHRLQWHUYDORGHWHPSRHQWUH
D VXELGD H D GHVFLGD GR SLVWmR SHOR TXH D LJQLomR GHYH VHU DQWHFLSDGD SDUD TXH
KDMDRWHPSRQHFHVViULRSDUDDFRPEXVWmRHDH[SDQVmR&RQVHJXHVHHVWHHIHLWR
SRU PHLR GH XP PHFDQLVPR FHQWULIXJR GH UHJXODJHP GR DYDQoR TXH SRGH VHU
FRPSOHWDGRFRPXPGLVSRVLWLYRGHDYDQoRSRUYiFXR

&RPRRVSODWLQDGRVFRUWDPDFRUUHQWH
2V SODWLQDGRV VmR DFLRQDGRV SRU XP H[FrQWULFR TXH ID] SDUWH GR HL[R GR
GLVWULEXLGRU 2 H[FrQWULFR SRVVXL WDQWRV UHVVDOWRV TXDQWR R Q~PHUR GH FLOLQGURV QR
PRWRU
¬ PHGLGD TXH R HL[R URGD R H[FrQWULFR DFLRQD XP EUDoR RX SDWLQ TXH REULJD RV
FRQWDWRV GRV SODWLQDGRV D VHSDUDUHPVH 7HUPLQDGD D DomR GR H[FrQWULFR RV
FRQWDWRVIHFKDPSRUPHLRGDVXDPROD
$ IRUPDomR GH DUFRV YROWDLFRV IDtVFDV HQWUH RV FRQWDWRV p UHGX]LGD SRU XP
FRQGHQVDGRU OLJDGR HQWUH DPERV 4XDQGR RV FRQWDWRV VH VHSDUDP D FRUUHQWH GH
EDL[D YROWDJHP YLQGD GD EDWHULD DWUDYpV GR HQURODPHQWR SULPiULR GD ERELQD p
GHVOLJDGDSHORTXHRFDPSRPDJQpWLFRILFDLQWHUURPSLGR


'HVWH PRGR LQGX]VH XPD FRUUHQWH GH DOWD YROWDJHP QR HQURODPHQWR VHFXQGiULR
GD ERELQD SDVVDQGR HVVD FRUUHQWH DWUDYpV GH XP FDER SDUD R FDPSR GR
GLVWULEXLGRU H GDt DWUDYpV GR HOHWURGR GR URWRU SDUD XP GRV HOHWURGRV PHWiOLFRV
H[WHULRUHVGDWDPSD
1mRH[LVWHXPFRQWDWRUHDOHQWUHRURWRUHRVWHUPLQDLVGDWDPSDGRGLVWULEXLGRU$
IROJD H[LVWHQWH HQWUH R URWRU H RV WHUPLQDLV QmR p VXILFLHQWHPHQWH JUDQGH SDUD
GLILFXOWDU RV LPSXOVRV GH DOWD YROWDJHP WUDQVPLWLGRV SHOD ERELQD D FDGD XPD GDV
YHODV




 




 


Velas
$V YHODV SURGX]HP IDtVFDV HOpWULFDV TXH LQIODPDP D PLVWXUD GH JDVROLQD H DU QRV
FLOLQGURVGRPRWRU8PDYHODpFRQVWLWXtGDSRUXPHOHWURGRPHWiOLFRTXHDWUDYHVVD
DSDUWHFHQWUDOGRLVRODGRUGHSRUFHODQD±SyORFHQWUDO¬YROWDGDSDUWHLQIHULRUGR
LVRODGRUH[LVWHXPFRUSRPHWiOLFRTXHVHHQURVFDQDFDEHoDGRVFLOLQGURV6ROGDGR
jSDUWHLQIHULRUGHVWHFRUSRHGHVVDPDQHLUDOLJDGRjPDVVDDWUDYpVGDFDEHoDGRV
FLOLQGURVHQFRQWUDVHRXWURHOHWURGR±RSyORGDPDVVD8PDSHTXHQDIROJDVHSDUD
HVWHHOHWURGRGDH[WUHPLGDGHGRHOHWURGRFHQWUDO

$FRUUHQWHGHDOWDWHQVmRSURYHQLHQWHGRGLVWULEXLGRUSDVVDSHORHOHWURGRFHQWUDOH
WUDQVS}HHVVDIROJDVREDIRUPDGHXPDIDtVFD
3DUD REWHU XP ERP UHQGLPHQWR GR PRWRU D IDtVFD GHYHUi VHU VXILFLHQWHPHQWH
LQWHQVDSDUDLQIODPDUHILFD]PHQWHDPLVWXUDGHJDVROLQDHDURTXHVLJQLILFDTXHD



IROJD GHYH VHU UHODWLYDPHQWH JUDQGH 3RUpP TXDQWR PDLRU IRU HVWD IROJD PDLRU
VHUi WDPEpP D YROWDJHP QHFHVViULD SDUD ID]HU VROWDU D IDtVFD $V IROJDV
UHFRPHQGDGDV SDUD DV YHODV GRV DXWRPyYHLV PRGHUQRV RVFLODP HQWUH  D 
PP$IROJDGHYHVHUYHULILFDGDSHULRGLFDPHQWHMiTXHRVHOHWURGRVGHVJDVWDPVH
OHQWDPHQWHFRPRXVRHSRGHPILFDUFREHUWRVGHUHVtGXRV
8PDIROJDGHGLPHQV}HVLQFRUUHWDVQmRFRQVWLWXLR~QLFRIDWRUUHVSRQViYHOSRUXPD
IDtVFDIUDFDHLUUHJXODUXPDUXSWXUDQRLVRODGRURXXPDSHOtFXODGHyOHRRXGHiJXD
QD VXD VXSHUItFLH H[WHULRU SRGHUmR SURYRFDU IXJDV GH HOHWULFLGDGH H GDU RULJHP D
XPD IDtVFD IUDFD RX PHVPR LPSHGLU TXH HVWD VDOWH HQWUH RV HOHWURGRV VRE D
SUHVVmRGHFRPSUHVVmRH[LVWHQWHGHQWURGHFDGDFLOLQGUR
(QWUH D YHOD H D FDEHoD GRV FLOLQGURV H[LVWH XPD MXQWD SDUD DVVHJXUDU D YHGDomR
GRV JDVHV $OJXPDV YHODV DSUHVHQWDP HP YH] GD MXQWD XPD EDVH F{QLFD TXH VH
DORMDQDFDEHoDGRVFLOLQGURV

Sistema de lubrificação
$IXQomRGRyOHRQRPRWRUQmRFRQVLVWHDSHQDVHPUHGX]LURDWULWRHRGHVJDVWHGRV
SLVW}HVDSRLRVHRXWUDVSHoDVPyYHLVPDVWDPEpPHPHYLWDURHVFDSDPHQWRGRV
JDVHVTXHQWHVDDOWDSUHVVmRGLVVLSDURFDORUGD]RQDVTXHQWHVSDUDRDUDWUDYpV
GR &DUWHU GLPLQXLU D FRUURVmR H DEVRUYHU DOJXQV GRV UHVtGXRV QRFLYRV GD
FRPEXVWmR
2 yOHR HQFRQWUDVH QR &DUWHU QD SDUWH LQIHULRU GR PRWRU H p HQYLDGR SRU XPD
ERPED SDUD RV DSRLRV SULQFLSDLV DWUDYpV GH XP ILOWUR $ ERPED LPSXOVLRQD



QRUPDOPHQWHYiULRVOLWURVGHyOHRSRUPLQXWR$SDUWLUGRVDSRLRVSULQFLSDLVRyOHR
VHJXH DWUDYpV GRV RULItFLRV GH DOLPHQWDomR RX FDQDLV SDUD SDVVDJHQV DEHUWDV QR
YLUDEUHTXLPHSDUDRVDSRLRVEURQ]LQDVRXFDSDVGDVFDEHoDVGDVELHODV
$V SDUHGHV GRV FLOLQGURV H DV EXFKDV GRV SLQRV GRV SLVW}HV VmR OXEULILFDGRV SRU
DVSHUVmR GH yOHR TXH VDL SHORV ODGRV GRV DSRLRV H p GLVSHUVDGR SHOD URWDomR GD
iUYRUHGHPDQLYHODV2yOHRHPH[FHVVRpUHWLUDGRGRVFLOLQGURVSRUVHJPHQWRVRX
DQHLVUDVSDGRUHVH[LVWHQWHVQRVSLVW}HVHUHJUHVVDDR&DUWHU
8PGHVYLRGRFLUFXLWRSULQFLSDODOLPHQWDFDGDXPGRVDSRLRVGDiUYRUHGHFRPDQGR
(P JUDQGH Q~PHUR GH PRWRUHV FRP YiOYXODV QD FDEHoD H[LVWH DLQGD XP RXWUR
GHVYLR TXH FRQGX] RyOHR DRV DSRLRVGR HL[R GRV EDODQFLQV 2 yOHR UHWRUQD GHSRLV
DR &DUWHU RQGH R H[FHVVR GH FDORU p GLVVLSDGR QR DU 2XWUR GHVYLR DOLPHQWD R
FRPDQGR GD iUYRUH GH FRPDQGR SRU HQJUHQDJHQV RX SRU FRUUHQWH H HP DOJXQV
FDVRVOXEULILFDHSUHVVLRQDRHVWLFDGRUGDUHIHULGDFRUUHQWH

1HQKXP HL[R VH DMXVWD SHUIHLWDPHQWH DR VHX DSRLR SRLV FDVR FRQWUiULR QmR
FRQVHJXLULD URGDU ([LVWH XPD IROJD GLPLQXWD HQWUH DV VXSHUItFLHV FHUFD GH 
PPQRVDSRLRVGDVFDEHoDVGDVELHODVFRPPPGHGLkPHWURIRUPDQGRVHQR
DSRLRXPDSHOtFXODGHyOHRQDiUHDRQGHDIROJDpPDLRU$URWDomRGRHL[RDVSLUDR
yOHR SDUD R SRQWR GH FDUJD Pi[LPD RQGH D IROJD p PtQLPD IRUoDQGR R yOHR D
WRPDUDIRUPDGHXPD³FXQKD´HQWUHRHL[RHRDSRLR
'HVJDVWH GR PRWRU ± 8P IOX[R LQVXILFLHQWH GH OXEULILFDQWH GDUi RULJHP D XP
GHVJDVWH UiSLGR RX JULSDJHP GDV SHoDV PyYHLV GR PRWRU GHYLGR DR DWULWR HQWUH
RVPHWDLV7DPEpPSURYRFDUiXPIXQFLRQDPHQWRGHILFLHQWHGRPRWRUDRGHVWUXLUDV
VXSHUItFLHV GRV VHJPHQWRV RX DQpLV GRV SLVW}HV SHUPLWLQGR D SDVVDJHP GH JDVHV
PXLWRTXHQWHV




 




Óleo
([LVWHPWUrVWLSRVGHyOHRPLQHUDOVLQWpWLFRHYHJHWDO2VIDEULFDQWHVGHPRWRUHV
UHFRPHQGDP DWXDOPHQWH DSHQDV RV yOHRV PLQHUDLV H VLQWpWLFRV 2 yOHR GH UtFLQR
XWLOL]DGR SULQFLSDOPHQWH HP DXWRPyYHLV GH FRUULGD IRL VXSODQWDGR SHORV yOHRV
VLQWpWLFRV
2yOHR PLQHUDOUHILQDGR DSUHVHQWDDVGHVYDQWDJHQV GH VROLGLILFDU D ž& WRUQDVH
GHPDVLDGR HVSHVVR D EDL[D WHPSHUDWXUDV WHU D FRQVLVWrQFLD GH SHWUyOHR j
WHPSHUDWXUD GRV FLOLQGURV H LQFHQGHLD D WHPSHUDWXUDV VXSHULRUHV D ž& $
XWLOL]DomR GHVWH WLSR GH yOHR OHYDULD R PRWRU D DFXPXODU UDSLGDPHQWH UHVtGXRV GH
FDUYmR 3DUD HYLWDU HVWH LQFRQYHQLHQWH H DXPHQWDU R UHQGLPHQWR GR PRWRU VmR
GLVVROYLGRVQRyOHRDGLWLYRVTXtPLFRV


9LVFRVLGDGH±3DUDHYLWDURFRQWDWRHQWUHDVSHoDVPyYHLVGH XPPRWRUHGHWHUD
SDVVDJHP GRV JDVHV TXHQWHV D DOWD SUHVVmR R yOHR GHYHUi WHU XPD YLVFRVLGDGH
FRUUHWD RX VHMD VHU IOXtGR H HVSHVVR 6H IRU GHPDVLDGR HVSHVVR HYLWDUi D
SDVVDJHP GH JDVHV PDV QmR SHUPLWLUi XP SHUIHLWR GHVOL]DPHQWR GDV SHoDV
PyYHLVWRUQDUiWDPEpPDSDUWLGDGLItFLOMiTXHH[LJHXPPDLRUHVIRUoRSDUDID]HU
IXQFLRQDURPRWRUIULR
6H R yOHR IRU GHPDVLDGR IOXtGR D SHOtFXOD GH yOHR TXH GHYHUi VHSDUDU DV SHoDV
PyYHLV DSUHVHQWDUi GHVFRQWLQXLGDGHV TXH SHUPLWHP R FRQWDWR HQWUH HVVDV SHoDV
SURYRFDQGR R VHX GHVJDVWH $OpP GLVVR R yOHR QHVVDV FRQGLo}HV QmR OXEULILFDUi
GHYLGDPHQWH RV VHJPHQWRV GRV SLVW}HV H DV SDUHGHV GRV FLOLQGURV $ YLVFRVLGDGH
DSURSULDGD GH XP yOHR YDULD GH DFRUGR FRP D XWLOL]DomR GR DXWRPyYHO H FRP D
WHPSHUDWXUD DPELHQWH 1mR VHULD UD]RiYHO SRU H[HPSOR XWLOL]DU XP yOHR FRP D
PHVPDYLVFRVLGDGHQR%UDVLOHQRÈUWLFR$YLVFRVLGDGHGHXPyOHRQmRGHYHVRIUHU
DOWHUDo}HVVLJQLILFDWLYDVFRPDVGLIHUHQWHVWHPSHUDWXUDVTXHRFRUUHPQRPRWRU




$ WHPSHUDWXUD QXP PRWRU p EDVWDQWH YDULiYHO 2 PRWRU GHYHUi DUUDQFDU FRP
WHPSHUDWXUDV DEDL[R GR SRQWR GH FRQJHODPHQWR FRQWXGR D WHPSHUDWXUD LGHDO GR
FiUWHUGXUDQWHRIXQFLRQDPHQWRGRPRWRUpGHFHUFDGHž&WHPSHUDWXUDHVVD
TXH SHUPLWH D YDSRUL]DomR GD XPLGDGH TXH VH IRUPD GXUDQWH D FRPEXVWmR $
WHPSHUDWXUDQRVPDQFDLVGRYLUDEUHTXLPHQDVEURQ]LQDVGDVELHODVGHYHUiH[FHGHU
HPž&DGRFiUWHU HQTXDQWRDGRVVHJPHQWRVGRVSLVW}HVDFHOHUDQGR DIXQGR
SRGHUiDWLQJLUž&
$ YLVFRVLGDGH GH XP yOHR p LGHQWLILFDGD SHOR VHX Q~PHUR 6$( GHVLJQDomR TXH
GHULYD GR QRPH GD VRFLHGDGH DPHULFDQD 6RFLHW\ RI $XWRPRWLYH (QJLQHHUV TXH
HVWDEHOHFHX DV QRUPDV GH YLVFRVLGDGH 2V Q~PHURV 6$(    H  LQGLFDP
TXH D YLVFRVLGDGH GR yOHR VH PDQWpP GHQWUR GH FHUWRV OLPLWHV D WHPSHUDWXUDV GH
ž&2VQ~PHURV6$(::H:LQGLFDPTXHYLVFRVLGDGHVHPDQWpPGHQWUR
GHOLPLWHVGHWHUPLQDGRVjWHPSHUDWXUDGHž&(VWHVQ~PHURVDSHQDVHVSHFLILFDP
D YLVFRVLGDGH QmR VH UHIHULQGR D RXWUDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV TXDQWR PDLV EDL[R IRU R
Q~PHUR6$(PDLVIOXLGRVHUiRyOHR
8P yOHR PXOWLJUDGH WHP XP tQGLFH GH YLVFRVLGDGH HOHYDGR RX VHMD D VXD
YLVFRVLGDGH DOWHUDVH SRXFR FRP D WHPSHUDWXUD 3RGHUi WHU SRU H[HPSOR XPD
HVSHFLILFDomR 6$( : RX : 8P yOHR PXOWLJUDGH WHP D YDQWDJHP GH
SHUPLWLU XP DUUDQTXH PDLV IiFLO HP WHPSR IULR S{U VHU PXLWR IOXLGR D EDL[D
WHPSHUDWXUD PDQWHQGR FRQWXGR DV VXDV TXDOLGDGHV GH OXEULILFDomR D HOHYDGDV
WHPSHUDWXUDV

$GLWLYRV GHWHUJHQWHV H GLVSHUVDQWHV ± $OJXQV SURGXWRV SDUFLDOPHQWH TXHLPDGRV
FRQVHJXHP SDVVDU SHORV VHJPHQWRV GRV SLVW}HV H FKHJDU DWp R FiUWHU (VWHV
SURGXWRV LQFOXHP iFLGRV DOFDWU}HV H PDWHULDLV FDUERQL]DGRV TXH GHYHP VHU
DEVRUYLGRV SHOR yOHR H PDQWLGRV HP VXVSHQVmR 6H QmR IRUHP DEVRUYLGRV HVVHV
SURGXWRVIRUPDPGHSyVLWRVQDVFDL[DVGRVVHJPHQWRVGRVSLVW}HVHQDVSDVVDJHQV
GH yOHR REVWUXLQGR D FLUFXODomR GR yOHR H RULJLQDQGR HQJULSDPHQWR GRV DQpLV GRV
SLVW}HV
8PyOHRTXHFRQWHQKDDGLWLYRVGLVSHUVDQWHVHGHWHUJHQWHVPDQWHUiHVVHVSURGXWRV
HP VXVSHQVmR VHPSUH TXH DV GLPHQV}HV GHVWHV IRUHP VXILFLHQWHPHQWH UHGX]LGDV
LVWR p TXDVH PROHFXODUHV 1D DXVrQFLD GHVWHV DGLWLYRV HVVHV SURGXWRV FRDJXODP
IRUPDQGRXPDHVSpFLHGHODPDRXTXDOTXHURXWURGHSyVLWR

0XGDQoDV GH yOHR ± e FRQYHQLHQWH UHVSHLWDU RV SUD]RV UHFRPHQGDGRV SHORV
IDEULFDQWHV GRV DXWRPyYHLV SDUD VXEVWLWXLomR GR yOHR (VVHV SHUtRGRV GHYHUmR
PHVPR VHU HQFXUWDGRV SDUD WUrV RX TXDWUR PHVHV VH R DXWRPyYHO IRU VRPHQWH
XWLOL]DGRHPSHTXHQRVWUDMHWRV
$ UD]mR SDUD PDLRU IUHTrQFLD GDPXGDQoDGH yOHR QHVWHFDVR UHVLGH QR IDWR GH
TXDQWLGDGHGHDGLWLYRVGHWHUJHQWHVHGLVSHUVDQWHVSUHVHQWHQRyOHRVHUSHTXHQDH
FRQVXPLUVH FRP PXLWR PDLRU UDSLGH] QDV FRQGLo}HV GH UHSHWLGRV DUUDQTXHV H
SDUDGDVGRTXHHPSHUFXUVRVORQJRVHPTXHRPRWRUIXQFLRQDDXPDWHPSHUDWXUD
HVWiYHO

Filtro de óleo
1DPDLRULDGRVPRWRUHVRyOHRDQWHVGHSHQHWUDUQDERPEDDWUDYHVVDXPILOWURGH
UHGH TXH UHWpP D PDLRULD GDV LPSXUH]DV 1R H[WHULRU GR FiUWHU HQFRQWUDVH
QRUPDOPHQWHXPILOWURDWUDYpVGRTXDOSDVVDDWRWDOLGDGHGRyOHR&RPRHVWHILOWUR
SRGH HYHQWXDOPHQWH ILFDU REVWUXtGR FRP DF~PXOR GH LPSXUH]DV XPD YiOYXOD GH
GHULYDomR QHOH H[LVWHQWH DEUHVH TXDQGR D SUHVVmR DWUDYpV GR ILOWUR H[FHGH XP
GHWHUPLQDGR YDORU QRUPDOPHQWH  D  NJFP (VWD YiOYXOD WDPEpP VH DEUH
TXDQGRRyOHRHVWiIULRHSRUWDQWRPXLWRHVSHVVR





)LOWURVFHQWUtIXJRV±(VWHWLSRGHILOWURFRQVLVWHQXPUHFLSLHQWHFLUFXODUTXHDRURGDU
DJUDQGHYHORFLGDGHH[SHOHDVSDUWtFXODVVyOLGDVTXHVmRUHWLGDVQDVVXDVSDUHGHV
HQTXDQWRRyOHRSDVVDSDUDDWUDYpVGHXPFRQGXWRUFHQWUDO

Bomba de óleo
(PSUHJDVHJHUDOPHQWHGRLVWLSRVGHERPEDVGHyOHRDERPEDGHHQJUHQDJHQVH
DERPEDGRURWRU4XDOTXHUXPDGHODVpQRUPDOPHQWHDFLRQDGDjSDUWLUGDiUYRUH
GHFRPDQGRRXGRYLUDEUHTXLP$ERPEDGHHQJUHQDJHQVFRPS}HVHGHXPGHXP
SDU GH URGDV GHQWDGDV HQJUHQDGDV HQWUH VL 4XDQGR DV HQJUHQDJHQV URGDP R
HVSDoRHQWUHRVGHQWHVHQFKHVHGHyOHRSURYHQLHQWHGRFiUWHU4XDQGRRVGHQWHV
VHHQJUHQDPRyOHRpLPSHOLGRVRESUHVVmR$ERPEDGHURWRUpFRQVWLWXtGDSRUXP
FLOLQGURGHQWURGRTXDOVHPRYHPGRLVURWRUHVXPH[WHULRUHXPLQWHULRUVHQGRR
HVSDoRHQWUHHVWHVSUHHQFKLGRFRPyOHR




7DOFRPRDFRQWHFHFRPDERPEDGHHQJUHQDJHQVRyOHRpDVSLUDGRGRFiUWHUQHVWD
ERPEDHGHSRLVHQYLDGRSDUDRPRWRU

4XDQGR R yOHR HVWi IULR D SUHVVmR QHFHVViULD SDUD LPSHOLU DWUDYpV GDV SHTXHQDV
IROJDVGRVDSRLRV SRGHUiVHUGHPDVLDGR HOHYDGDD SRQWR GHGDQLILFDU DVERPEDV
$VVLPTXDQGRDSUHVVmRpH[FHVVLYDXPDYiOYXODGHGHVFDUJDH[LVWHQWHQRLQWHULRU
GDERPEDDEUHDILPGHGHL[DUSDVVDUDOJXPyOHRSDUDRFiUWHU



5HVSLUR±2VRULItFLRVGHYHQWLODomRGRFiUWHUSHUPLWHPRHVFDSDPHQWRGRVJDVHV
TXHHQWUDPQRFiUWHUGHSRLVGHSDVVDUHPRVVHJPHQWRVRXDQpLVGRSLVWmR

Sistema de arrefecimento
0HQRV GH XPD TXDUWD SDUWH GH HQHUJLD FDORUtILFD GHVHQYROYLGD QXP PRWRU GH
H[SORVmR p FRQYHUWLGD HP WUDEDOKR ~WLO 2 FDORU UHVWDQWH GHYH VHU GLVVLSDGR SDUD
TXHQHQKXPGRVFRPSRQHQWHVGRPRWRUDTXHoDDSRQWRGHGHL[DUGHIXQFLRQDU
4XDQGR VH SLVD D IXQGR QR DFHOHUDGRU FHUFD GH  GR FDORU GHVDSDUHFHP SHOR
VLVWHPD GH HVFDSDPHQWR  SHUGHPVH GHYLGR D DWULWRV LQWHUQRV H QR
DTXHFLPHQWR GR yOHR GH OXEULILFDomR H  GLVVLSDPVH QR VLVWHPD GH
UHVIULDPHQWR




([LVWHPGRLVWLSRVGHVLVWHPDGHUHVIULDPHQWRGLUHWRHLQGLUHWR1RVLVWHPDGLUHWR
RDUFLUFXODDWUDYpVGDVDOHWDVH[LVWHQWHVQRH[WHULRUGRVFLOLQGURVHQDFDEHoDGRV
FLOLQGURV Mi QR VLVWHPD LQGLUHWR XP OtTXLGR GH UHVIULDPHQWR QRUPDOPHQWH iJXD
FLUFXOD SHORV FDQDLV H[LVWHQWHV QR LQWHULRU GR PRWRU
8P VLVWHPD PRGHUQR GH UHVIULDPHQWR SRU iJXD DSUHVHQWD DV VHJXLQWHV SDUWHV
HVVHQFLDLV
8PD FDPLVD GH iJXD TXH URGHLD DV SDUWHV TXHQWHV GR PRWRU WDLV FRPR RV
FLOLQGURVDVFkPDUDVGHH[SORVmRHDVVDtGDVGRHVFDSDPHQWR
8PUDGLDGRUQRTXDODiJXDTXHQWHSURYHQLHQWHGRPRWRUpDUUHIHFLGDSHORDU
8PYHQWLODGRUTXHID]FLUFXODURDUDWUDYpVGRUDGLDGRU
0DQJXHLUDVH[LVWHQWHVQDSDUWHVXSHULRUHLQIHULRUGRUDGLDGRUHTXHOLJDPHVWHDR
PRWRUSDUDHVWDEHOHFHUXPFLUFXLWRIHFKDGR
8PDERPEDTXHID]FLUFXODUDiJXD
8P WHUPRVWDWR PRQWDGR QD VDtGD GD iJXD GR PRWRU H TXH UHGX] D FLUFXODomR GD
iJXDDWpTXHRPRWRUDWLQMDDWHPSHUDWXUDQRUPDOGHIXQFLRQDPHQWR
8PD WDPSD GH SUHVVmR H[LVWHQWH QR UDGLDGRU H GHVWLQDGR D HOHYDU R SRQWR GH
HEXOLomRGDiJXDHYLWDQGRDVVLPDIRUPDomRGHEROVDVGHYDSRUMXQWRjVFkPDUDV
GHH[SORVmR
3DUD R SHUIHLWR IXQFLRQDPHQWR GH XP PRWRU VHMD TXDO IRU VXD YHORFLGDGH D
WHPSHUDWXUD GR OtTXLGR GH DUUHIHFLPHQWR QXP SRQWR SUy[LPR GR WHUPRVWDWR GHYH
HOHYDUVHHQWUHHž&2VPRWRUHVSRGHPFRQWXGRVREUHDTXHFHUFRPRSRU
H[HPSORTXDQGRKiIDOWDGHiJXDQRUDGLDGRURXHPVXELGDVORQJDV
&RP XPD WDPSD GH SUHVVmR UHJXODGD SDUD  NJFP D iJXD IHUYHUi DSHQDV
GHSRLVGHDWLQJLUž&DRQtYHOGRPDU2VHXSRQWRGHHEXOLomRGHVFHUiFHUFDGH
ž&SRUFDGDPWV1DDOWLWXGH
$XWLOL]DomRGHXPDWDPSDGHPDLRUSUHVVmRSDUDXPDSUHVVmRPDLVHOHYDGDSRGH
FDXVDU GDQRV VH R PRWRU H R VLVWHPD QmR WLYHUHP VLGR FDOFXODGRV SDUD SUHVV}HV
PDLVHOHYDGDV




4XDQGR R YHtFXOR WHP R PRWRU QD IUHQWH R DU IULR p DVSLUDGR DWUDYpV GD JUDGH H
SDVVDSHORUDGLDGRUSHODDomRGRYHQWLODGRU
1R PRWRU PRQWDGR WUDQVYHUVDOPHQWH HP DOJXQV FDVRV R DU SDVVD DWUDYpV GH XP
UDGLDGRUODWHUDO
-iQRPRWRUPRQWDGRQDSDUWHWUDVHLUDGRYHtFXORRYHQWLODGRUIXQFLRQDGHPDQHLUD
DQiORJDDRYHQWLODGRUGHXPPRWRUjIUHQWH

Bomba d'água
1RVPRWRUHVPRGHUQRVDERPEDGHiJXDHVWiPRQWDGDQDSDUWHGDIUHQWHGREORFR
HpDFLRQDGDSHODFRUUHLDGRYHQWLODGRUeDERPEDGHiJXDTXHDOLPHQWDDFDPLVD
GH iJXD GR PRWRU FRP iJXD IULD SURYHQLHQWH GR GHSyVLWR LQIHULRU GR UDGLDGRU $
iJXD DTXHFLGD SHOR PRWRU FLUFXOD HQWmR DWUDYpV GR FDEHoRWH H SDVVDQGR SHOR
WHUPRVWDWRUHJUHVVDDRGHSyVLWRVXSHULRUGRUDGLDGRU

8PD SHTXHQD TXDQWLGDGH GD iJXD TXH VHJXH SDUD R DTXHFLPHQWR H HP DOJXQV
PRGHORVGHDXWRPyYHLVSDUDRFROHWRUGHDGPLVVmRUHWRUQDDRUDGLDGRUVHPSDVVDU
SHORWHUPRVWDWR
2URWRUGDERPEDFRQVLVWHQXPGLVFRFRPSDOKHWDVTXHDWLUDDiJXDGHHQFRQWURj
FDUFDoD GD ERPED SRU DomR GD IRUoD FHQWUtIXJD H D LPSHOH GHYLGR j IRUPD GD
FDUFDoDSDUDDFDPLVDGHiJXD8PUHWHQWRUYHGDDSDVVDJHPGDiJXDDRORQJRGR
HL[RGRURWRU
4XDQGR R WHUPRVWDWR UHGX] D FLUFXODomR GD iJXD DWUDYpV GR UDGLDGRU D ERPED
FRQWLQXD WUDEDOKDQGR ID]HQGR D iJXD FLUFXODU VRPHQWH SHOR PRWRU DWUDYpV GH XP
WXERGHGHULYDomR



Resfriamento de ar
2UHVIULDPHQWRSRUDUVHPFRQGXWRUHVSUySULRVHVHPFLUFXODomR IRUoDGDSRUPHLR
GHYHQWLODGRUQmRSHUPLWHXPHIHLWRXQLIRUPHHPWRGRVRVFLOLQGURVSULQFLSDOPHQWH
QRV PRWRUHV HP OLQKD SRLV QHVWH FDVR RV FLOLQGURV PRQWDGRV DWUiV VHULDP SRXFR
DUUHIHFLGRVSHODFRUUHQWHGHDUSURYHQLHQWHGDJUDGHH[LVWHQWHQDIUHQWHGRFDUUR
3DUDUHVROYHU HVWDGLILFXOGDGH RVPRWRUHVDUUHIHFLGRVDDUSRVVXHP XPYHQWLODGRU
TXH ID] LQFLGLU VREUH RV FLOLQGURV XPD FRUUHQWH GH DU 8P FRQWUROH WHUPRVWiWLFR
UHJXOD R IOX[R GR DU SDUD JDUDQWLU DV FRQGLo}HV WpUPLFDV VDWLVIDWyULDV SDUD R
IXQFLRQDPHQWRGRPRWRU8PPRWRUDUUHIHFLGRSRUDUpPXLWRPDLVUXLGRVRTXHXP
PRWRUDUUHIHFLGRSRUiJXDMiTXHDFDPLVDGHiJXDDPRUWHFHXPDJUDQGHSDUWHGR
UXtGRGRPRWRU

Radiador
2UDGLDGRUGHVWLQDVHDGLVVLSDU RFDORUGDiJXDTXHQWHTXHFLUFXOD QRVLVWHPDGH
DUUHIHFLPHQWR e FRPSRVWR SRU GRLV GHSyVLWRV GH iJXD XP VXSHULRU H RXWUR
LQIHULRU HQWUH RV TXDLV H[LVWH XP FRUSR FHQWUDO ± D FROPpLD  QRUPDOPHQWH
FRQVWLWXtGR SRU WXERV PHWiOLFRV GH SDUHGHV GHOJDGDV $ iJXD TXHQWH HQWUD QR
GHSyVLWR VXSHULRU YLQGD GD FDPLVD GH iJXD DWUDYpV GR WHUPRVWDWR H GHVFH SHOR
LQWHULRUGDFROPpLDGLVVLSDQGRRFDORU2VWXERVWrPDOHWDVTXHSURSRUFLRQDPXPD
PDLRUiUHDGHFRQWDWRFRPRDUGHUHVIULDPHQWR




$ iJXD DUUHIHFLGD SDVVD SDUD R GHSyVLWR LQIHULRU H UHWRUQD DR PRWRU DWUDYpV GD
ERPED GH iJXD (P JUDQGH Q~PHUR GH UDGLDGRUHV H[LVWH XP HVSDoR HQWUH D
VXSHUItFLH GD iJXD H D SDUWH GH FLPD H LQWHULRU GR GHSyVLWR VXSHULRU D ILP GH
SHUPLWLUDH[SDQVmRGDiJXD4XDOTXHUiJXDRXYDSRUHPH[FHVVRHVFRUUHSDUDR
VRORSHORWXERODGUmRGRUDGLDGRU
(P DOJXQV UDGLDGRUHV DWXDLV R WXERODGUmR FRQGX] D iJXD SDUD XP GHSyVLWR GH
H[SDQVmRVXSOHPHQWDUVHSDUDGRGRUDGLDGRU4XDQGRDiJXDDUUHIHFHUHJUHVVDDR
GHSyVLWR VXSHULRU GR UDGLDGRU (VWH GLVSRVLWLYR p GHVLJQDGR SRU XP VLVWHPD GH
FLUFXLWRIHFKDGR





Válvula termostática
$ IXQomR GR WHUPRVWDWR FRQVLVWH HP LPSHGLU D SDVVDJHP GD iJXD IULD YLQGD GR
UDGLDGRUHQTXDQWRRPRWRUHVWiIULR8WLOL]DPVHGRLVWLSRVGHWHUPRVWDWRRGHIROH
H R GH HOHPHQWR GH FHUD 2 SULPHLUR p FRQVWLWXtGR SRU XPD FiSVXOD HP IRUPD GH
VDQIRQD FLOtQGULFD GH FKDSD GH PHWDO H[WUHPDPHQWH GHOJDGD FRQWHQGR XP IOXtGR
YROiWLO

2 WHUPRVWDWR GH HOHPHQWR GH FHUD FRPS}HVH GH XP GLDIUDJPD GH ERUUDFKD
URGHDGR SRU FHUD H FRP XPD KDVWH HP IRUPD GH OiSLV $ FHUD HVWi FRQWLGD QXPD
FiSVXOD HVWDQTXH GH ODWmR HP FRQWDWR FRP D iJXD (QTXDQWR D FHUD HVWi IULD D
YiOYXODSHUPDQHFHIHFKDGDHDiJXDQmRSRGHFLUFXODUHQWUHRUDGLDGRUHRPRWRU
4XDQGRDFHUDDTXHFHGHUUHWHVHHH[SDQGHVHHPSXUUDQGRDFiSVXODSDUDEDL[R
DEULQGRDVVLPDYiOYXOD

Aditivo
$ iJXD PLVWXUDGD DR DGLWLYR GR UDGLDGRU GHYH VHU WURFDGD DQXDOPHQWH Mi TXH R
DTXHFH H HVIULD GR GLD D GLD PXGD DV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GR DGLWLYR GR OLTXLGR GH
DUUHIHFLPHQWR (P WHPSR IULR D iJXD SRGH FRQJHODU H SURYRFDU D UXSWXUD GR
UDGLDGRU RX GR EORFR GR PRWRU GH XP DXWRPyYHO TXH WHQKD ILFDGR H[SRVWR jV
FRQGLo}HV DWPRVIpULFDV e WDPEpP SRVVtYHO TXH R UDGLDGRU FRQJHOH H DUUHEHQWH
HQTXDQWR R DXWRPyYHO HVWLYHU FLUFXODQGR ± DLQGD TXH D iJXD QR PRWRU HVWHMD
IHUYHQGR  GHYLGR DR IDWR GH R WHUPRVWDWR QmR SHUPLWLU D SDVVDJHP GD iJXD



TXHQWH GR PRWRU SDUD R UDGLDGRU DQWHV TXH R PRWRU DWLQMD XPD WHPSHUDWXUD
GHWHUPLQDGD6HXPDXWRPyYHOFLUFXODUQXPPHLRDPELHQWHRQGHDWHPSHUDWXUDIRU
DEDL[RGHƒ&DiJXDGRUDGLDGRUSRGHUiFRQJHODUDQWHVGDDEHUWXUDGDYiOYXODGR
WHUPRVWDWR
3RGHVH HYLWDU R FRQJHODPHQWR GD iJXD GR UDGLDGRU DGLFLRQDQGROKH XP SURGXWR
TXtPLFR QRUPDOPHQWH R HWLOHQRJOLFRO SDUD EDL[DU R VHX SRQWR GH FRQJHODomR
([LVWHPjYHQGDSURGXWRVDQWLFRQJHODQWHVGHERDTXDOLGDGHTXHFRQWpPXPDGLWLYR
LQLELGRUGHFRUURVmRjEDVHGHVyGLR

Sistema de escape
6mR GXDV DV IXQo}HV SULQFLSDLV GR VLVWHPD GH HVFDSDPHQWR FRQGX]LU RV JDVHV
TXHQWHVUHVXOWDQWHVGRIXQFLRQDPHQWRGRPRWRUDWpXPORFDOHPTXHHVWHVSRVVDP
VHU ODQoDGRV SDUD D DWPRVIHUD VHP SHULJR SDUD RV RFXSDQWHV GR DXWRPyYHO H
UHGX]LUSRUPHLRGHXPVLOHQFLRVR±DSDQHODGHHVFDSDPHQWRRUXtGRSURYRFDGR
SHODH[SXOVmRGHVVHVJDVHV
2VJDVHVRULJLQDGRVQRPRWRUH[SDQGHPVHFRPJUDQGHHQHUJLDSDVVDQGRSDUDR
VLVWHPDGHHVFDSDPHQWRVREIRUWHSUHVVmR&DGDYH]TXHRVJDVHVSDVVDPSDUDD
WXEXODomR GH HVFDSDPHQWR IRUPDVH XPD RQGD GH FKRTXH ± D XP ULWPR GH
PLOKDUHVGHRQGDVSRUPLQXWRSHORTXHRUXtGRGRVDXWRPyYHLVVHULDLQVXSRUWiYHO
VHQmRIRVVHUHGX]LGR
4XDQGR RV JDVHV GH HVFDSDPHQWR DEDQGRQDP R VLOHQFLRVR Mi VH H[SDQGLUDP R
VXILFLHQWHSDUDTXHVXDSUHVVmRGHVoDDWpSUy[LPRGRYDORUGDSUHVVmRDWPRVIpULFD
HRUXtGRVHMDDPRUWHFLGR
6H RV JDVHV GH HVFDSDPHQWR QmR IRUHP WRWDOPHQWH H[SXOVRV D DGPLVVmR GD
PLVWXUDGHJDVROLQDHDUQDFkPDUDGHH[SORVmRVHUiGLILFXOWDGDHDPLVWXUDILFDUi
FRQWDPLQDGD SRU JDVHV UHVLGXDLV UHVXOWDQWHV GD FRPEXVWmR R TXH SURYRFDUi XP
EDL[D QR UHQGLPHQWR GR PRWRU $V WXEXODo}HV GH HVFDSDPHQWR VmR FRQFHELGDV GH
PDQHLUD D LPSHGLU D LQWHUIHUrQFLD HQWUH RV JDVHV GH HVFDSDPHQWR H[SXOVRV
VXFHVVLYDPHQWH GH FDGD FLOLQGUR 3UHWHQGHVH DVVLP TXH RV JDVHV SDVVHP SDUD R
WXERGHHVFDSDPHQWRRPDLVOLYUHPHQWHSRVVtYHO
e LPSRVVtYHO HYLWDU FRPSOHWDPHQWH D H[LVWrQFLD GH FRQWUDSUHVVmR QR VLVWHPD GH
HVFDSDPHQWRGHYLGRDRHIHLWRUHVWULWLYRGRFROHWRUGRVWXERVGHHVFDSDPHQWRHGR
VLOHQFLRVR 2 VLVWHPD p DVVLP FRQFHELGR SDUD VLOHQFLDU R HVFDSDPHQWR FRP XP
PtQLPRGHUHVWULomRQRIOX[RGRVJDVHV

2VSHULJRVGRVJDVHVGHHVFDSDPHQWR

Silencioso
8PVLOHQFLRVR±RXSDQHODVGHHVFDSDPHQWR±UHIUHLDRXDEVRUYHDVRQGDVVRQRUDV
UHGX]LQGRRUXtGRDXPQtYHODFHLWiYHOHGHDFRUGRFRPDVQRUPDVOHJDLV




$ YHORFLGDGH GRV JDVHV p QRUPDOPHQWH UHGX]LGD SRU GHIOHWRUHV RX SODFDV
PHWiOLFDV H[LVWHQWHV QR LQWHULRU GR VLOHQFLRVR H TXH VH GHVWLQDP D DIURX[DU H
GLILFXOWDUDDomRGDVRQGDVVRQRUDV2VLOHQFLRVRSHUIXUDGRRXGHDEVRUomRQRTXDO
RVJDVHVSDVVDPDWUDYpVGHIXURVDEHUWRVQXPWXERSDUDRPDWHULDOTXHDEVRUYH
R VRP p XPD YDULDQWH GHVWH VLVWHPD IUHTHQWHPHQWH XWLOL]DGD HP DXWRPyYHLV GH
FRPSHWLomRSDUDSURSRUFLRQDUXPDPDLRUSRWrQFLDDRVPRWRUHVMiTXHRVIXURVQmR
GLILFXOWDPWDQWRDVDtGDGRVJDVHVFRPRRVGHIOHWRUHV

0RGHORVGH6LOHQFLRVRV

2V VLOHQFLRVRV H RV VLVWHPDV GH HVFDSDPHQWR VmR QRUPDOPHQWH IDEULFDGRV FRP
WXERVHFKDSDGHDoRPDFLR$H[SRVLomRFRQVWDQWHDRVJUmRVGHDUHLDGDHVWUDGD
DRV PDWHULDLV FRUURVLYRV DR EDUUR H j ODPD UHGX] D GXUDomR GH XP VLVWHPD GH



HVFDSDPHQWRWLSRPpGLRDSRXFRPDLVTXHXPRXGRLVDQRV3RUpPDXWLOL]DomRGH
DoR DOXPLQL]DGR RX PHOKRU DLQGD GH DoR LQR[LGiYHO SURORQJD D GXUDomR GH XP
VLVWHPDGHHVFDSDPHQWR
2V VLOHQFLRVRV H D WXEXODomR GR VLVWHPD GH HVFDSDPHQWR HQIHUUXMDPVH TXHU
LQWHUQD RX H[WHUQDPHQWH &DGD OLWUR GH JDVROLQD TXHLPDGD SURGX]  GH iJXD ±
FRQWHQGRVDLVGHFKXPERHiFLGRVTXHSDVVDSDUDRVLVWHPDGHHVFDSDPHQWRVRE
DIRUPDGHJiVRXGHYDSRU 6HRVLOHQFLRVR RXRWXERGH HVFDSDPHQWRHVWLYHUHP
IULRV FRPR VXFHGH QR SULPHLUR DUUDQTXH GR GLD HVWHV HOHPHQWRV FRUURVLYRV
FRQGHQVDPVH QDV VXSHUItFLHV LQWHULRUHV GR VLVWHPD GH HVFDSDPHQWR RQGH DWXDP
FRPR iFLGRV IUDFRV TXH DFDEDP SRU DWDFDU R PHWDO $VVLP FDGD YH] TXH XP
DXWRPyYHODUUDQFDFRPRPRWRUIULRGiVHXPDSHTXHQDFRUURVmRLQWHULRU
eSRUHVWDDUD]mRTXHXPDXWRPyYHOXWLOL]DGRHPSHTXHQRVWUDMHWRVQHFHVVLWDGH
VXEVWLWXLo}HV PDLV YH]HV QR VLVWHPD GH HVFDSDPHQWR GR TXH RXWUR XWLOL]DGR
QRUPDOPHQWHHPORQJRVSHUFXUVRV
4XDQGRXPDXWRPyYHO GHGLPHQV}HVPpGLDVFLUFXODFRPRSRUWDPDODVDEHUWRDV
IXPDoDVGHHVFDSDPHQWRSRGHPSHQHWUDUSRUWXUEXOrQFLDQRLQWHULRUGRYHtFXORH
FDXVDU SHUGD GH FRQVFLrQFLD DR PRWRULVWD 'HYHVH SRUWDQWR PDQWHU IHFKDGR R
SRUWDPDODV RX D SRUWD WUDVHLUD ± QR FDVR GH XP DXWRPyYHO GH FLQFR SRUWDV ±
TXDQGRHPPRYLPHQWR6HWDOQmRIRUSRVVtYHOpQHFHVViULRGLULJLUFRPDVMDQHODV
ODWHUDLVDEHUWDVSDUDDVVHJXUDUDUHQRYDomRGRDU

2VJDVHVGHHVFDSDPHQWRLQFOXHPPRQy[LGRGHFDUERQRJiVLQRGRURPDVWy[LFR
HDQLGULGRFDUE{QLFRTXHSRGHFDXVDUVXIRFDomR8PHVFDSDPHQWRGHJiVSUy[LPR
GHXPDWXEXODomRGHHVFDSDPHQWRTXHQWHSRGHDLQGDFDXVDUXPLQFrQGLR
2V HVFDSDPHQWRV GH JiV QR VLVWHPD GH HVFDSDPHQWR GR YHtFXOR QmR GHYHP
SRUWDQWRVHUHPPHQRVSUH]DGRV

(VFDSDPHQWR FRP IXPDoDV ± $ SUHVHQoD GH IXPDoD QHJUD QRV JDVHV GH
HVFDSDPHQWRRXGHXPDFDPDGDGHIXOLJHPQRWXERGHHVFDSDPHQWRLQGLFDPVHUD
PLVWXUDGHPDVLDGDPHQWHULFD
$ VDtGD GH IXPDoD D]XODGD SULQFLSDOPHQWH DR DFHOHUDU DSyV XPD GHVFLGD FRP R
DXWRPyYHO HQJUHQDGR LQGLFD D SHQHWUDomR GH yOHR QDV FkPDUDV GH H[SORVmR
DWUDYpVGRVDQpLVGRVSLVW}HVRXGDVJXLDVGDVYiOYXODV

Coletores
([SXOVmRGRVJDVHVSURYHQLHQWHVGRPRWRU±2VLVWHPDGHHVFDSDPHQWRFRQGX]RV
JDVHVTXHQWHVUHVXOWDQWHVGDFRPEXVWmRGHVGHRPRWRUHDWUDYpVGRFROHWRUWXER
GH HVFDSDPHQWR H VLOHQFLRVR SDUD R WXER GH VDtGD TXH R ODQoD QD DWPRVIHUD
'XUDQWHHVWHSURFHVVRRVLOHQFLRVRSRUPHLRGHUHGXomRGHIOHFomRRXDEVRUomRGDV
RQGDV VRQRUDV GLPLQXL R UXtGR RULJLQDGR SHOD GHVFDUJD DWUDYpV GD DEHUWXUD GH
HVFDSDPHQWRGRVJDVHVSURYHQLHQWHVGDFkPDUDGHH[SORVmR




 

Catalizador
2FDWDOLVDGRUpXPDSHoDIRUPDGDSRUQ~FOHRFHUkPLFRRXPHWiOLFRTXHWUDQVIRUPD
JUDQGHSDUWHGRVJDVHVWy[LFRVGRPRWRUHPJDVHVLQRIHQVLYRVDWUDYpVGDVUHDo}HV
TXtPLFDVRFRUULGDVGHQWURGHVWHFRPSRQHQWH
2FDWDOLVDGRUORFDOL]DVHQRVLVWHPDGHHVFDSDPHQWRGHSRLVGRFROHWRUGHJDVHVGH
HVFDSH H SUy[LPR DR PRWRU SDUD PHOKRU DSURYHLWDU D WHPSHUDWXUD GHFRUUHQWH GD
FRPEXVWmR2WHUPRFRQYHUVRVFDWDOtWLFRGHVLJQDJHQHULFDPHQWHXPUHDWRUPHWiOLFR
LQVWDODGR QR VLVWHPD GH HVFDSDPHQWR (VWH UHDWRU GH DoR LQR[LGiYHO FRQWpP R
FDWDOLVDGRU SURSULDPHQWH GLWR TXH p FRQVWLWXtGR GH XPD FROPHLD FHUkPLFD RX
PHWiOLFDPRQROLWRLPSUHJQDGDFRPVXEVWkQFLDVDWLYDV
(VVD FROPHLD p IRUPDGD SRU PLOKDUHV GH PLQ~VFXORV FDQDLV FpOXODV SRU RQGH
SDVVDPRVJDVHVSROXHQWHV$VSDUHGHVGHVWHVFDQDLVVmRUHFREHUWDVFRPy[LGRVGH
PHWDLVTXHFULDPXPDVXSHUItFLHGHFRQWDWRFXMDiUHDpHTXLYDOHQWHDFDPSRVGH
IXWHERO
([WHUQDPHQWH R PRQROLWR p HQYROYLGR SRU XPD PDQWD DPRUWHFHGRUD GHVWLQDGD D
SURWHJrOR FRQWUD YLEUDo}HV H FKRTXHV $V VXEVWkQFLDV DWLYDV VmR R y[LGR GH
DOXPtQLR PHWDLV SUHFLRVRV FDWDOLWLFDPHQWH DWLYRV 3G 3W H 5K H SURPRWRUHV
VXEVWkQFLDV TXH DXPHQWDP D DomR FDWDOtWLFD GRV PHWDLV SUHFLRVRV 6RPHQWH DV
VXEVWkQFLDVDWLYDVVmRUHVSRQViYHLVSHORVHIHLWRVFDWDOtWLFRVDFROPHLDFHUkPLFDRX
PHWiOLFDVHUYHDSHQDVFRPRPDWHULDO±VXSRUWH




 
$ FROPHLDFHUkPLFDFRQVLVWH GHFRUGHULWD (VWH PDWHULDO GH PDJQpVLR ± DOXPtQLR ±
VtOLFD pGLVWLQWRSDUWLFXODUPHQWHSHODVXDDOWDUHVLVWrQFLDjWHPSHUDWXUD $FROPHLD
PHWiOLFDFRQVLVWHGHXPDOLJDHVSHFLDODTXDOpHQURODGDHVROGDGDDWUDYpVGHXPD
WpFQLFDHVSHFtILFDIRUPDQGRRVXSRUWHPHWiOLFR
$HVSHVVXUDGDSDUHGHGHVWDFKDSDGHDoRIHUUtWLFRDOWDPHQWHUHVLVWHQWHDRFDORUp
GHDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHDPP

6XEVWkQFLDVFDWDOtWLFDV
2UHDOHIHLWRGHXPFDWDOLVDGRUpGHWHUPLQDGRSRUVXDVVXEVWkQFLDVFDWDOLWLFDPHQWH
DWLYDV LPSUHJQDGDV 2 PRQROLWR FDWDOLWLFDPHQWH LQDWLYR p LPSUHJQDGR DWUDYpV GH
XP FRPSOH[R SURFHVVR TXtPLFR GH SURGXomR FRP XPD FDPDGD GH y[LGR
GHQRPLQDGDFDPDGDGHSUHSDUDomRVXSHUILFLDO
2VPHWDLVSUHFLRVRVVmRHQWmRGLVWULEXtGRVVREUHHVWDFDPDGD$FDPDGD³DWLYD´p
FRQVWLWXtGD GH y[LGRV GH DOXPtQLR H SURPRWRUHV LVWR p DGLWLYRV TXH DXPHQWDP R
HIHLWRFDWDOtWLFRGRVPHWDLVSUHFLRVRV2y[LGRGHDOXPtQLRDPSOLDDiUHDVXSHUILFLDO
HVSHFLILFD D YDORUHV TXH H[FHGHP  PWV 4XDGUDGRV SRU OLWUR GH YROXPH GR
FDWDOLVDGRU 2VPHWDLVSUHFLRVRV SODWLQD UyGLR H SDOiGLR ± VmRXVDGRV J HP
PpGLD LQGLYLGXDOPHQWH RX GH IRUPD FRPELQDGD GHSHQGHQGR GR SURMHWR GR
FDWDOLVDGRU R TXDO p GHVHQYROYLGR HP HVWUHLWD FRRSHUDomR FRP RV IDEULFDQWHV GH
YHtFXORVSURSLFLDQGRXPDYLGD~WLOGRSURGXWRGHQRPtQLPRNP
(PERUD R FDWDOLVDGRU VHMD PXLWR ERP QR FRQWUROH GH HPLVV}HV TXDQGR R PRWRU H
VHXV VLVWHPDV UHODFLRQDGRV QmR HVWLYHUHP IXQFLRQDQGR DGHTXDGDPHQWH KDYHUi
DLQGD XP DXPHQWR GH HPLVV}HV LQGHVHMiYHLV GR HVFDSDPHQWR (VWDV HPLVV}HV
SRGHPVHUDQDOLVDGDVSDUDILQVGHGLDJQyVWLFR

+,'52&$5%21(726+&
2VKLGURFDUERQHWRVQRVLQIRUPDPTXDQWRFRPEXVWtYHOGLVSRQtYHOQmRIRLTXHLPDGR
%DL[DV HPLVV}HV GH +& VmR XPD ERD LQGLFDomR GH TXH WRGR R FRPEXVWtYHO HVWi
VHQGRTXHLPDGR
$OWDV HPLVV}HV GH +& HVWmR IUHTHQWHPHQWH UHODFLRQDGDV FRP SUREOHPDV QR
VLVWHPDGHLJQLomRWDLVFRPRIDOKDGHFRPEXVWmRRXGLVWULEXLomRLPSUySULD




3RGH WDPEpP VHU GHYLGR j EDL[D FRPSUHVVmR YD]DPHQWRV GH YiFXR PLVWXUD
LQFRUUHWDGRDUFRPEXVWtYHORXFDWDOLVDGRULQHILFLHQWH

021Ï;,'2'(&$5%212&2
2 PRQy[LGR GH FDUERQR p WDPEpP XPD LQGLFDomR GD SURSRUomR DUFRPEXVWtYHO
$OWRVQtYHLVGH&2SRGHPVHUFDXVDGRVSRUPLVWXUDVULFDVEDL[DURWDomRGRPRWRU
ILOWUR GH DU REVWUXtGR VLVWHPD 3&9 GHIHLWXRVR VLVWHPD GH GLVWULEXLomR GH
FRPEXVWtYHOLQDGHTXDGRRXFDWDOLVDGRULQHILFLHQWH

',Ï;,'2'(&$5%212&2
2GLy[LGRGHFDUERQRpXPDPHGLGDGDHILFLrQFLDGDFRPEXVWmR$VOHLWXUDV&2VH
HOHYDUmRTXDQGRDSURSRUomRDUFRPEXVWtYHOHVWLYHUHPVXDPDLVDOWDHILFLrQFLD2
&2DGLFLRQDOpSURGX]LGRSHORFDWDOLVDGRU

2;,*Ç1,22
2 R[LJrQLR p XPD RXWUD LQGLFDomR GD SURSRUomR GD PLVWXUD DUFRPEXVWtYHO 6H
KRXYHU XPD FRQGLomR SREUH DV OHLWXUDV VH HOHYDUmR UDSLGDPHQWH 9D]DPHQWRV GH
YiFXR VLVWHPDV GH GLVWULEXLomR GH FRPEXVWtYHO GHIHLWXRVRV H IDOKD GH FRPEXVWmR
SRGHPFDXVDUQtYHLVDOWRVGH2

Ï;,'26'(1,752*Ç1,212[
2V y[LGRV GH QLWURJrQLR LQGLFDP DOWDV WHPSHUDWXUDV GH FRPEXVWmR ,VWR SRGH
UHVXOWDU GH XPD FRQGLomR SREUH PDV JHUDOPHQWH GHYHVH D XPDIDOKD GRVLVWHPD
(*5$VOHLWXUDVGH12[DOWDVSRGHPWDPEpPVHUFDXVDGDVSRUXPFDWDOLVDGRUTXH
QmRHVWHMDIXQFLRQDQGRHILFLHQWHPHQWH

Gases de escape
2 FRPEXVWtYHO FRQVXPLGR SHOR PRWRU GH FLFOR RWWR DSUHVHQWD XPD FRPSRVLomR
TXtPLFD GLIHUHQWH GDTXHOH XWLOL]DGR SHOR PRWRU GLHVHO (QWUHWDQWR DPERV VmR
FRPSRVWRVQDPDLRUSDUWHSRUFDUERQR&HKLGURJrQLR+


6RE FRQGLo}HV LGHDLV HVVHV FRPEXVWtYHLV VmRWUDQVIRUPDGRV HPHQHUJLDPHFkQLFD
GH PRGR D UHVWDUDSHQDV GLy[LGR GH FDUERQR &2ð H iJXD +ð2GRLV HOHPHQWRV
LQRIHQVLYRVjYLGD3RUpPFRPRHPWRGRSURFHVVRUHDODFRPEXVWmRGHXPPRWRU




QmRUHVXOWDHPWUDQVIRUPDomRFRPSOHWDGDVVXEVWDQFLDVHQYROYLGDVVXUJLQGRQRYRV
FRPSRVWRV QR JiV GR HVFDSDPHQWR 1R FDVR GRV PRWRUHV GH FLFOR RWWR WUDWDVH
SULQFLSDOPHQWH GH PRQy[LGR GH FDUERQR &2 KLGURFDUERQHWRV +& H y[LGRV GH
QLWURJrQLR12[
$VVLP RV JDVHV HPLWLGRV SHOR DXWRPyYHO FRPS}HPVH GH  GH HOHPHQWRV
LQRIHQVLYRV $SHQDV D SDUWH GH DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH  p FRPSRVWD GH SDUFHODV
FDSD]HVGHDJUHGLURPHLRDPELHQWH

021Ï;,'2'(&$5%212
5HVXOWDQWH GD TXHLPD LQFRPSOHWD GR FRPEXVWtYHO R PRQy[LGR GH FDUERQR &2 p
XPD VXEVWkQFLD TXH DWXD QR VDQJXH UHGX]LQGR VXD R[LJHQDomR 3RGH DIHWDU D
VD~GH HVSHFLDOPHQWH HP DOWDV FRQFHQWUDo}HV H HP iUHDV FRQILQDGDV LQFOXVLYH
SRGHSURYRFDUDPRUWH$VQRUPDVGR3URFRQYHSURJUDPDQDFLRQDOGHFRQWUROHGDV
HPLVV}HV YHLFXODUHV HVWDEHOHFHP OLPLWHV SDUDD HPLVVmRGH PRQy[LGRGH FDUERQR
SDUDRVYHtFXORVDXWRPRWRUHV

Ï;,'2'(1,752*Ç1,2
2 y[LGR GH QLWURJrQLR 12[ p XPD FRPELQDomR GH QLWURJrQLR H R[LJrQLR TXH QmR
DSDUHFHHPFRQGLo}HVQRUPDLVeIRUPDGRHPUD]mRGDDOWDWHPSHUDWXUDQDFkPDUD
GH FRPEXVWmR GR PRWRU )RL HVWDEHOHFLGR XP FRQWUROH GH HPLVV}HV GH y[LGRV GH
QLWURJrQLR FRP R SURSyVLWR GH OLPLWDU R GLy[LGR GH QLWURJrQLR 12ð QR PHLR
DPELHQWH
$VHPLVV}HVGH12[FRQWULEXHPPDVQmRGHIRUPDGHWHUPLQDQWHQDIRUPDomRGR
GLy[LGR GH QLWURJrQLR 0DV R HPSHQKR GD LQGXVWULD DXWRPRWLYD HP UHGX]LU R
FRQVXPRGHFRPEXVWtYHOOHYDDXPDXPHQWRGRVy[LGRVGHQLWURJrQLRRTXHWRUQD
FRPSOH[DDWDUHIDGHRWLPL]DomRGRVPRWRUHV

+,'52&$5%21(726
+LGURFDUERQHWRVpFRPEXVWtYHOQmRTXHLPDGRRXSDUFLDOPHQWHTXHLPDGRH[SHOLGR
SHOR PRWRU SULQFLSDOPHQWH HP FRQGLo}HV QDV TXDLV VH WUDEDOKD FRP PLVWXUD ULFD
FRPPHQRVDUGRTXHRLGHDORXPXLWRSREUHH[FHVVRGHDUTXHFRPSURPHWHP
D FRPEXVWmR *HUDOPHQWH RV KLGURFDUERQHWRV QmR VmR FRQVLGHUDGRV FRPR
SUREOHPD QR HVWDGR HP TXH VDHP GR YHLFXOR $OJXQV WLSRV SRUpP UHDJHP QD
DWPRVIHUD SURYRFDQGR D IRUPDomR GR VPRJ FDPDGD GH SROXLomR QD
DWPRVIHUD$OJXP WHRU GH KLGURFDUERQHWRV p VHPSUH YHULILFDGR HP GHWHUPLQDGDV
VLWXDo}HVFRPRIDVHIULDGHIXQFLRQDPHQWRGRPRWRUTXDQGRDSDUHGHGRFLOLQGUR
LQLEHDFRPEXVWmRWRWDOUHVXOWDQGRQXPDXPHQWRGRWHRUGH+&
$ OHJLVODomR WDPEpP HVWDEHOHFH OLPLWHV VREUH HPLVVmR GH KLGURFDUERQHWRV SHORV
YHtFXORVDXWRPRWRUHV6XDSUHVHQoD QRVJDVHVGHHVFDSHpPHGLGDHPSDUWHVSRU
PLOKmR SSP RX VHMD XPD OHLWXUD GH  SSP LQGLFD TXH HP FDGD PLOKmR GH
SDUWHVGRJiVH[LVWHPFHPGHKLGURFDUERQHWRV

Transmissão
$ WUDQVPLVVmR FRPXQLFD jV URGDV D SRWrQFLD GR PRWRU WUDQVIRUPDGD HP HQHUJLD
PHFkQLFD 1XP DXWRPyYHO FRQYHQFLRQDO FRP PRWRU GLDQWHLUR D WUDQVPLVVmR WHP
LQLFLR QR YRODQWH GR PRWRU H SURORQJDVH DWUDYpV GD HPEUHDJHP GD FDL[D GH
FkPELRGRHL[RGHWUDQVPLVVmRHGRGLIHUHQFLDODWpDVURGDVGHWUiV
2VDXWRPyYHLVFRPPRWRUjIUHQWHHFRPWUDomRGLDQWHLUDRXFRPRPRWRUDWUiVH
WUDomR QDV URGDV GH WUiV GLVSHQVDP R HL[R WUDQVPLVVmR VHQGR QHVWH FDVR R
PRYLPHQWRWUDQVPLWLGRSRUPHLRGHHL[RVFXUWRV
$HPEUHDJHPTXHVHVLWXDHQWUHRYRODQWHGRPRWRUHDFDL[DGHFDPELRSHUPLWH
GHVOLJDU D HQHUJLD PRWUL] GD SDUWH GD SDUWH UHVWDQWH GD WUDQVPLVVmR SDUD OLEHUWDU
HVWDGRWRUTXHTXDQGRDVPXGDQoDVVmRHQJUHQDGDVRXPXGDGDV




)XQomR GD FDL[D GH FkPELR ± 8P DXWRPyYHO TXDQGR VH PRYLPHQWD RX VREH XPD
HQFRVWDQHFHVVLWDGHXPWRUTXHVXSHULRUjTXHOHGHTXHSUHFLVDTXDQGRVHGHVORFD
D XPD YHORFLGDGH FRQVWDQWH QXPD VXSHUItFLH SODQD $ FDL[D GH FkPELR SHUPLWH DR
PRWRU IRUQHFHU jV URGDV D IRUoD PRWUL] DSURSULDGD D WRGDV DV FRQGLo}HV GH
ORFRPRomR $VVLP TXDQWR PDLRU IRU R Q~PHUR GH URWDo}HV DR YLUDEUHTXLP HP
UHODomRDRQ~PHURGHURWDo}HVGDVURGDVPDLRUVHUiDIRUoDPRWUL]WUDQVPLWLGDjV
URGDV YHULILFDQGRVH DR PHVPR WHPSR XPD SURSRUFLRQDO UHGXomR GD YHORFLGDGH
GRDXWRPyYHO9iULDVHQJUHQDJHQVVmRXWLOL]DGDVSDUDSHUPLWLUXPDDPSODJDPDGH
GHVPXOWLSOLFDo}HVRXUHGXo}HV
$ WUDQVPLVVmR ILQDO RX FRQMXQWR GR HL[R WUDVHLUR LQFOXL XP PHFDQLVPR ± R
GLIHUHQFLDO ± TXH SHUPLWH jV URGDV JLUDUHP D GLIHUHQWHV YHORFLGDGHV $ HQHUJLD
PHFkQLFD p ILQDOPHQWH WUDQVPLWLGD jV URGDV PRWUL]HV SRU PHLR GH XP VHPLHL[R
H[LVWHQWHHPFDGDXPGRVODGRVGRGLIHUHQFLDO

7UDQVPLVVmR DXWRPiWLFD ± 2V DXWRPyYHLV DSUHVHQWDP JHUDOPHQWH XPD
HPEUHDJHPDFLRQDGDSRUXPSHGDOHXPDDODYDQFDGHPXGDQoDV
([LVWHPFRQWXGRRXWURVVLVWHPDVGHWUDQVPLVVmRWUDQVPLVVmRVHPLDXWRPiWLFDRX
WRWDOPHQWHDXWRPiWLFD1RSULPHLURFDVRRPRWRULVWDDSHQDVWHPGHVHOHFLRQDUDV



PXGDQoDVMiQRVHJXQGRFDVRDVPXGDQoDVVmRVHOHFLRQDGDVPXGDGDVSRUPHLR
GH XP PHFDQLVPR GH FRPDQGR TXH IXQFLRQD GH DFRUGR FRP D YHORFLGDGH GR
DXWRPyYHOHFRPDXWLOL]DomRGRDFHOHUDGRU
$OpP GD GLVSRVLomR GH PRWRU GLDQWHLUR H WUDomR WUDVHLUD H[LVWHP RXWURV VLVWHPDV
TXH GLVSHQVDP R HL[R GH WUDQVPLVVmR SHOR IDWR GH LQFOXtUHP XP PRWRU TXH IRUPD
FRQMXQWDFRPDFDL[DGHFDPELRHRGLIHUHQFLDO



7DO FRQMXQWR SRGH VHU PRQWDGR ORQJLWXGLQDO RX WUDQVYHUVDOPHQWH HP UHODomR DR
FKDVVL H PRYHU DV URGDV TXHU VHMD D GD IUHQWH TXHU VHMD D GH WUiV 4XDQGR R
PRWRU p PRQWDGR WUDQVYHUVDOPHQWH QmR p QHFHVViULD TXDOTXHU DOWHUDomR ž GD
GLUHomRGRPRYLPHQWRSRLVWRGRVHVWmRSDUDOHORVDRVHL[RVGDVURGDV
2GLIHUHQFLDOID]SDUWHLQWHJUDQWHGDFDL[DGHFDPELRRXHVWiOLJDGRDHVWDTXHSRU
VXDYH]HVWiIL[DDRFKDVVL'HVWDIRUPDQXPSLVRUHJXODUDVURGDVSRGHPVXELUH
GHVFHUHPUHODomRDRGLIHUHQFLDO
7RGRV RV DXWRPyYHLV FRP WUDomR j IUHQWH H WDPEpP DOJXQV FRP WUDomR WUDVHLUD
DSUHVHQWDP FDUGDQV RX KRPRFLQpWLFDV QDV H[WUHPLGDGHV GRV VHPL HL[RV 1RV
DXWRPyYHLV FRP WUDomR GLDQWHLUD HVWDV KRPRFLQpWLFDV VXSOHPHQWDUHV VmR
QHFHVViULDVSDUDTXHDVURGDVSRVVDPJLUDUTXDQGRVHPXGDGHGLUHomR




Embreagem
$ HPEUHDJHP GHVWLQDVH D GHVOLJDU R PRWRU GDV
URGDVPRWUL]HVTXDQGRVHHIHWXDXPDPXGDQoDGH
YHORFLGDGH RX TXDQGR VH DUUDQFD 7RUQDVHDVVLP
SRVVtYHO HQJDWDU VXDYHPHQWH XPD QRYD
HQJUHQDJHP DQWHV GD WUDQVPLVVmR YROWDU D VHU
OLJDGD RX TXDQGR KRXYHU XP QRYR DUUDQTXH
SHUPLWLQGR TXH R PRWRU DWLQMD DV URWDo}HV
VXILFLHQWHVSDUDGHVORFDURDXWRPyYHO

2GHVHPEUHDUID]VHVHSDUDUWUrVSDUWHVGRFRQMXQWRGDHPEUHDJHPRYRODQWHGR
PRWRURGLVFRH RSODW{RXSODFDGHSUHVVmRGDHPEUHDJHP2YRODQWHGRPRWRU
HVWiIL[DGRSRUPHLRGHSDUDIXVRVDRYLUDEUHTXLPHURGDVROLGiULRFRPHVWHRGLVFR
GHHPEUHDJHPHQFDL[DSRUPHLRGHHVWULDVQRHL[RSULPiULRGDFDL[DGHFDPELRH
DVVLP URGD FRP HVWH R SODW{ GD HPEUHDJHP IL[D R GLVFR GH HQFRQWUR DR YRODQWH
GRPRWRU

4XDQGR VH GLPLQXL D SUHVVmR GR SODW{ FDUUHJDQGR QR SHGDO GD HPEUHDJHP R
YLUDEUHTXLP H R HL[R SULPiULR GD FDL[D GH FDPELR SDVVDP D WHU PRYLPHQWRV
LQGHSHQGHQWHV4XDQGRRPRWRULVWDVROWDURSHGDODTXHOHVWRUQDPVHVROLGiULRV
$PEDV DV IDFHV GR GLVFR GD HPEUHDJHP XP GLVFR ILQR GH DoR GH HOHYDGD
WHQDFLGDGH HVWmR UHYHVWLGDV FRP XP PDWHULDO GH IULFomR D JXDUQLomR GD
HPEUHDJHP4XDQGRRGLVFRGDHPEUHDJHPHVWiIL[DGRGHHQFRQWURDRYRODQWHGR
PRWRU SRU PHLR GR SODW{ GD HPEUHDJHP D IRUoD GH DSHUWR GHYHUi VHU
VXILFLHQWHPHQWH JUDQGH SDUD HYLWDU TXDOTXHU GHVOL]DPHQWR ± SDWLQDJHP ± VHPSUH
TXHRPRWRUWUDQVPLWHRELQiULRPRWRUWRUTXHPi[LPRDRYRODQWH
$V H[SUHVV}HV ³HPEUHDJHPGH GLDIUDJPD´ H ³HPEUHDJHP FHQWUtIXJD´GHULYDP GRV
SURFHVVRVVHJXQGRRVTXDLVDFDUJDpDSOLFDGDDRVUHYHVWLPHQWRVGHIULFomR1XPD
HPEUHDJHPGHPRODVRSODW{pLPSHOLGRSRUXPFHUWRQ~PHURGHPRODVKHOLFRLGDLV
HDORMDVHMXQWDPHQWHFRPHVWDVQXPDWDPSDGHDoRHVWDPSDGRIL[DDRYRODQWH
GRPRWRU$VPRODVDSRLDPVHQHVWDWDPSDHH[HUFHPSUHVVmRVREUHHOD
1HP RGLVFRGDHPEUHDJHP QHP RSODW{ HVWmROLJDGRVULJLGDPHQWHDRYRODQWHGR
PRWRUSRGHQGRDPERVDSUR[LPDUVHRXDIDVWDUVHGHVWH




(PEUHDJHP FHQWUtIXJD ± ¬ PHGLGD TXH R FRQMXQWR GD HPEUHDJHP URGD FRP R
PRWRU RV FRQWUDSHVRV VmR LPSHOLGRV SDUD D SHULIHULD SHOD IRUoD FHQWUtIXJD R TXH
REULJD DV SDVWLOKDV GD HPEUHDJHP D H[HUFHU XPD PDLRU SUHVVmR VREUH R SODW{
4XDQWR PDLV HOHYDGR IRU R Q~PHUR GH URWDo}HV GR PRWRU PDLRU VHUi D IRUoD
H[HUFLGD
2VLVWHPDGHHPEUHDJHPFHQWUtIXJDSRGHVHUXWLOL]DGRHPYH]GRVLVWHPDGHPRODV
RXFRPRVXSOHPHQWRGHVWH
&RPSRQHQWHVGHXPDHPEUHDJHPGHPRODV±2SODW{HVWiPRQWDGRQDWDPSDTXH
SRU VHX ODGR HVWi IL[DGD SRU SDUDIXVRV DR YRODQWH GR PRWRU SHOR TXH HVWDV WUrV
SHoDV VH PRYHP GH IRUPD FRQMXQWD $V PRODV GH HQFRVWR DSRLDQGRVH FRQWUD D
WDPSDDSHUWDPRGLVFRHQWUHRSODW{HRYRODQWH
)XQFLRQDPHQWR GR DQHO HPEUHDGR ± $V PRODV PDQWrP R GLVFR DSHUWDGR HQWUH R
SODW{HRYRODQWHGRPRWRUPDVTXDQGRDSUHVVmRVREUHRSHGDODWUDYpVGDSODFD
GHLPSXOVRID]FRPTXHDVSDVWLOKDVSX[HPSDUDWUiVRSODW{
&RPSRQHQWHVGHXPDHPEUHDJHPGHGLDIUDJPD±$PRODF{QLFDGRGLDIUDJPDSRGH
VHUIOHWLGDGHPRGRDLQYHUWHURVHQWLGRHPTXHpH[HUFLGDDSUHVVmR
$ HPEUHDJHPGHPRODVYHLRDVHUVXSODQWDGD SHOD HPEUHDJHPGHGLDIUDJPDTXH
H[LJH PHQRU SUHVVmR VREUH R SHGDO (VWD ~OWLPD FRQVLVWH QXPD PROD F{QLFD FRP
IHQGDV TXH LUUDGLDP GR FHQWUR $ PROD p PRQWDGD TXDVH SODQD GH PRGR TXH DR



WHQWDUUHDGTXLULUDVXDIRUPDF{QLFDLQLFLDOH[HUFHXPDSUHVVmRXQLIRUPHDRORQJR
GRVHXUHERUGRVREUHRSODW{2DQHOGHLPSXOVRDWXDQGRVREUHRGLDIUDJPDIiOR
IOHWLUHPVHQWLGRFRQWUiULROLEHUWDQGRDVVLPRSODW{

&RPR R SHGDO DWXD VREUH D HPEUHDJHP  1R
VLVWHPD KLGUiXOLFR D SUHVVmR GR SHGDO IRUoD R
yOHRDSHQHWUDUQRFLOLQGURPHVWUHRTXDODFLRQD
R FLOLQGUR VHUYR TXH SRU VXD YH]DFLRQD R DQHO
GH LPSXOVR 1R VLVWHPD PHFkQLFR R SHGDO HVWi
OLJDGR j HPEUHDJHP SRU PHLR GH WLUDQWHV H
DODYDQFDVRXS{UXPFDERHDODYDQFDV
















































Embreagem eletrônica
2 VLVWHPD GH DFLRQDPHQWR DXWRPiWLFR GD HPEUHDJHP IRL FRQFHELGR SDUD
SURSRUFLRQDUWRWDOFRQIRUWRDRGLULJLUSULQFLSDOPHQWHHPFRQGLo}HVRQGHDWURFDGH
PDUFKDVpPXLWRH[LJLGDFRPRQRVJUDQGHVFHQWURVXUEDQRV


$HPEUHDJHPHOHWU{QLFDpXPVLVWHPDFRQMXJDGRDRFkPELRPDQXDOFRQYHQFLRQDO
HTXLSDGRFRPSODW{HVHPSHGDOGHHPEUHDJHP2IHUHFHDVYDQWDJHQVGHFRQIRUWR
GDWUDQVPLVVmRDXWRPiWLFDSRUpPFRPPHQRUFXVWRGHLQVWDODomRHPDQXWHQomRH
PHQRVFRQVXPRGHFRPEXVWtYHO
6HX IXQFLRQDPHQWR VH Gi SRU PHLR GH VHQVRUHV LQVWDODGRV HP GLYHUVRV SRQWRV GR
YHtFXOR TXH WUDQVPLWHP LQIRUPDo}HV SDUD R PyGXOR HOHWU{QLFR TXH DV DQDOLVD H
HQYLDLQVWUXo}HVSDUDRDWXDGRURTXDOHIHWXDRDFLRQDPHQWRGDHPEUHDJHP
2V VHQVRUHV VmR IL[DGRV QRV VHJXLQWHV SRQWRV GR YHLFXOR H LGHQWLILFDP
UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
ā$ODYDQFDGHFkPELRVHQVRUGHLQWHQomRGHWURFDGHPDUFKDV
ā0RWRUVHQVRUGHSRVLomRGDERUEROHWDGDLQMHomRHOHWU{QLFD
ā0RWRUVHQVRUGHURWDomRSDUDRFiOFXORGR530
ā&kPELRVHQVRUGHYHORFLGDGHSDUDFiOFXORGDYHORFLGDGH

$OpPGRFRQIRUWRDRGLULJLURVLVWHPDDLQGDRIHUHFH
ā $FRPSDQKDPHQWRV PDLV SURJUHVVLYRV FRP EDL[R SLFR GH URWDomR GR PRWRU H
GHVDFRSODPHQWRVVHPUXtGRVRXRVFLODo}HVQDVWURFDVGHPDUFKD
ā&RQWUROHGHDPRUWHFLPHQWRGDVYLEUDo}HVFDXVDGDVSRUYDULDo}HVGHWRUTXH
ā%RPFRQWUROHHIiFLOGRVDJHPGRWRUTXHGRYHLFXORQDDUUDQFDGD

Volante de dupla massa

$PDVVDGRYRODQWHFRQYHQFLRQDOIRLGLYLGLGDHPGXDV8PDGDVSDUWHVSHUPDQHFH
SHUWHQFHQGRjPDVVDGHLQpUFLDGRPRWRU$RXWUDQRHQWDQWRSDVVDDLQWHJUDUD
PDVVDGHLQpUFLDGDWUDQVPLVVmR




 
$VGXDVPDVVDVVmROLJDGDVSRUXPVLVWHPDGHDPRUWHFHGRUFRPPRODVHVSHFLDLV
8P GLVFR GH HPEUHDJHP VHP VLVWHPD GH DPRUWHFHGRU WRUFLRQDO SHUPLWH R
DFRSODPHQWRHQWUHDPDVVDVHFXQGDULDHDWUDQVPLVVmR
(VWHYRODQWHELPDVVDSHUPLWHDEVRUomRGDVYLEUDo}HVLVRODRVUXtGRVFRQIRUWRQR
HQJDWHGDWUDQVPLVVmRHWF
(VWD VROXomR YHLR DWHQGHU j QHFHVVLGDGH GH GLPLQXLomR DV IRQWHV GH UXtGR GRV
SLVW}HV TXH JHUDP YLEUDo}HV WRUFLRQDLV FRP R SURFHVVR GH GHWRQDomR SHULyGLFR H
URWDo}HVPDLVEDL[DV

Caixa de câmbio
$ YHORFLGDGH Pi[LPD GH XP DXWRPyYHO GHSHQGH
GD SRWrQFLD Pi[LPD GR VHX PRWRU
GHVHQYROYHQGRVH HVWi SUy[LPR GR Q~PHUR
Pi[LPRGHURWDo}HVGRPRWRU
$V URGDV GR WLSR PpGLR SRUpP DSHQDV
QHFHVVLWDPGHJLUDUjYHORFLGDGHGHUSP
 SDUD SHUFRUUHUHP  NPK  SHOR TXH QmR



SRGHPVHUOLJDGDVGLUHWDPHQWHDRPRWRU'HYHUiH[LVWLUSRUWDQWRXPVLVWHPDTXH
SHUPLWDjVURGDVGDUXPDURWDomRFRPSOHWDHQTXDQWRRPRWRUHIHWXDTXDWURRTXH
VHFRQVHJXHSRUPHLRGHXPDGHVPXOWLSOLFDomRRXUHGXomRQRGLIHUHQFLDO
eFRPXPDUHODomRGHWUDQVPLVVmRGHHQWUHDYHORFLGDGHGHURWDomRGRPRWRU
H GDV URGDV (QTXDQWR R DXWRPyYHO VH GHVORFD D XPD YHORFLGDGH FRQVWDQWH QXPD
YLD SODQD HVWD UHGXomR p VXILFLHQWH &RQWXGR VH R DXWRPyYHO WLYHU GH VXELU XPD
HQFRVWD D VXD YHORFLGDGH GLPLQXLUi H R PRWRU FRPHoDUD D IDOKDU
$VHOHomRGHXPDYHORFLGDGHPDLVEDL[DUHODomRPDLVEDL[DSHUPLWHTXHRPRWRU
WUDEDOKH D XP PDLRU Q~PHUR GH URWDo}HV HP UHODomR jV URGDV PXOWLSOLFDQGRVH
DVVLPRWRUTXHELQiULRPRWRU


'HWHUPLQDomRGDVUHODo}HVGHGHVPXOWLSOLFDo}HVRX UHGXomR± $GHVPXOWLSOLFDomR
RXUHGXomRPtQLPDQXPDFDL[DGHFDPELRGHYHUiHOHYDURWRUTXHRVXILFLHQWHSDUD
TXH XP DXWRPyYHO FRP D FDUJD Pi[LPD SRVVD DUUDQFDU QXPD VXELGD tQJUHPH
8P DXWRPyYHO GH SHTXHQDV GLPHQV}HV QHFHVVLWD GH XPD GHVPXOWLSOLFDomR HP
SULPHLUDYHORFLGDGHGHHQRUPDOPHQWHTXDQGRDSUHVHQWDYHORFLGDGHVGH
 HP VHJXQGD  HP WHUFHLUD H  HP 4XDUWD RX SULVH 6H HVWDV UHODo}HV
IRUHP PXOWLSOLFDGDV SRU   LVWR p SHOD UHODomR GH WUDQVPLVVmR HQWUH D




HQJUHQDJHP GR HL[R GR PRWRU H D GR WUHP IL[R DV UHGXo}HV UHVXOWDQWHV HQWUH DV
URWDo}HV GR PRWRU H DV GDV URGDV PRWUL]HV VHUmR UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH  
 H  2 PHVPR DXWRPyYHO VH IRU HTXLSDGR FRP XP PRWRU PDLV SRWHQWH
QmR QHFHVVLWDUi GH XPD SULPHLUD YHORFLGDGH WmR EDL[D SHOR TXH DV UHGXo}HV GD
FDL[DGHFDPELRSRGHUmRVHUUHJXODGDVSDUDH4XDQWRPDLV
SUy[LPDV IRUHP DV UHGXo}HV QXPD FDL[D GH FDPELR PDLV IiFLO H UDSLGDPHQWH
HQWUDUmRDVPXGDQoDV
3RURXWURODGRXPPRWRUPDLVSRWHQWHSRGHUiHVWDUFRQFHELGRGHPRGRDSHUPLWLU
XPD FRQGXomR PDLV IiFLO HYLWDQGR TXH VH WHQKDP GH PXGDU FRP IUHTXrQFLD DV
PXGDQoDV(VVHHIHLWRSRGHVHUFRQVHJXLGRFRPXPDFDL[DGHPDUFKDVPDVQmR
PDLVXWLOL]DGRDWXDOPHQWH

(QJUHQDJHP LQGLUHWD ± 1RV DXWRPyYHLV TXH DSUHVHQWDP R PRWRU H DV URGDV

PRWUL]HVVREUHRPHVPRHL[RRGLIHUHQFLDOVLWXDVHQRUPDOPHQWHHQWUHRPRWRUHD



FDL[DGHFDPELRSDUDSRXSDUHVSDoR$HQHUJLDPHFkQLFDpWUDQVPLWLGDjFDL[DGH
FDPELR SRU XP HL[R TXH SDVVD DFLPD GR GLIHUHQFLDO H WUDQVPLWLGD D HVWH SRU XP
HL[RSDUDOHOR
$VHQJUHQDJHQVQHFHVViULDVSDUDVHREWHUHPDVGLIHUHQWHVUHGXo}HVHQFRQWUDPVH
PRQWDGDVQHVWHVGRLVHL[RV


&RPRVHSURFHVVDDPXGDQoDGHPDUFKDV±1XPDFDL[DGHFkPELRPXGDQoDVHP
TXHDVHQJUHQDJHQVVHHQFRQWUDPSHUPDQHQWHPHQWHHQJDWDGDVHVWDVQmRSRGHP
HVWDUWRGDVIL[DVDRVVHXVHL[RVSRLVQHVVHFDVRQmRVHULDSRVVtYHORPRYLPHQWR
1RUPDOPHQWH WRGDV DV HQJUHQDJHQV GH XP HL[R HVWmR IL[DV D HVWH SRGHQGR DV
HQJUHQDJHQV GRV RXWURV HL[RV JLUDUHP j YROWD GR VHX SUySULR HL[R DWp TXH VH
VHOHFLRQH XPD GHVPXOWLSOLFDomR (QWmR XPD GDV HQJUHQDJHQV WRUQDVH VROLGiULD
FRPRHL[RSDVVDQGRDWUDQVPLWLUDHQHUJLDPHFkQLFD
$ IL[DomR GDV HQJUHQDJHQV D XP HL[R SURFHVVDVH SRU PHLR GH VLQFURQL]DGRUHV
HVWULDGRV H[LVWHQWHV QHVWH ~OWLPR 1HVWH SURFHVVR FDGD VLQFURQL]DGRU JLUD FRP R
HL[RSRGHQGRFRQWXGRGHVOL]DUDRORQJRGHVWHSDUDIL[DUDVHQJUHQDJHQVHQWUHDV
TXDLV HVWi PRQWDGR RX SHUPDQHFHU VROWR SHUPLWLQGR TXH DV HQJUHQDJHQV JLUHP
OLYUHPHQWH




 
2HQJDWHPyYHOGHGHQWHVIDFLOLWDDWURFDGHPDUFKDV±2VVLQFURQL]DGRUHVWRUQDQ
VHVROLGiULRVFRPDVURGDVGHQWDGDVSHUPDQHQWHPHQWHHQJDWDGDVS{UPHLRGHXP
PHFDQLVPRGHVLJQDGRS{UXQLmRGHGHQWHV
4XDQGR RV GRLV FRQMXQWRV HQJDWDP HP FRQVHTXrQFLD GR GHVOL]DPHQWR GR
VLQFURQL]DGRUDRORQJRGRHL[RHVWULDGRDHQJUHQDJHPSDVVDDJLUDUVROLGiULDFRP
DTXHOH




2VLQFURQL]DGRU WHP QRUPDOPHQWH XPD VpULH GH GHQWHV HP FDGD IDFH GH PRGR D
SRGHU HQJDWDU FRP DV HQJUHQDJHQV GLVSRVWDV GH FDGD XP GRV VHXV ODGRV 1XP
SRQWR LQWHUPpGLR R VLQFURQL]DGRU QmR HQJDWD FRP QHQKXPD GDV GXDV URGDV SHOR
TXHHVWDVSRGHPJLUDUOLYUHPHQWHVHPWUDQVPLVVmRGRPRYLPHQWR1XPDFDL[DGH
FkPELR GH SULVH GLUHWD H[LVWH DLQGD XPD XQLmR GH GHQWHV PyYHO SDUD OLJDU R HL[R
SULPiULR H R HL[R VHFXQGiULR H SHUPLWLU D WUDQVPLVVmR GLUHWD GR PRYLPHQWR jV
URGDVTXDQGRHPSULVH


6LQFURQL]DomRYLVDQGRDPXGDQoDGHYHORFLGDGH


1R WLSR PDLV VLPSOHV GH FDL[D GH FkPELR GH HQJUHQDJHQV VHPSUH HQJDWDGDV ±
DWXDOPHQWH Mi REVROHWR ± D PXGDQoD GH YHORFLGDGHV ID]LDVH UXLGRVDPHQWH FRP
HVWLF}HV 3DUD TXH HVWD VH SURFHVVH PDLV VXDYH H VLOHQFLRVDPHQWH RV GRLV




FRQMXQWRV GH GHQWHV GHYHP DWLQJLU D PHVPD YHORFLGDGH GH PRGR D SRGHUHP
GHVOL]DU SURQWDPHQWH H VHP VH HQWUHFKRFDUHP (VWD VLQFURQL]DomR REWLQKDVH FRP
XPD EUHYH SDUDGD QR SRQWR PRUWR TXDQGR VH PXGDYD GH YHORFLGDGH (VVD SDXVD
HP SRQWR PRUWR SHUPLWLD TXH R DWULWR H D UHVLVWrQFLD GR yOHR LJXDODVVHP D
YHORFLGDGHGHURWDomRGRHL[RSULPiULRHDGDHQJUHQDJHPOLJDGDjVURGDVDWUDYpV
GDSDUWHUHVWDQWHGDWUDQVPLVVmR
3DUDHQFDL[DUXPDPXGDQoDPDLVEDL[DFRQVHJXLDVHDVLQFURQL]DomRSRUPHLRGH
XPDGXSODHPEUHDJHPLVWRpSDVVDQGRSDUDRSRQWRPRUWRDFHOHUDQGRRPRWRUD
ILP GH DXPHQWDU DV URWDo}HV GD HQJUHQDJHP H GHVHPEUHDQGR QRYDPHQWH SDUD
HQJDWDUDYHORFLGDGHDSURSULDGD
$WXDOPHQWH RV PRWRULVWDV Mi QmR SUHFLVDP GH UHFRUUHU D XPD GXSOD JUDoDV j
LQWURGXomR GH XP GLVSRVLWLYR GH VLQFURQL]DomR QRV FRODUHV GHVOL]DQWHV GD FDL[D GH
FDPELR (VWH GLVSRVLWLYR VLQFURQL]DGRU H[LVWH QRUPDOPHQWH SDUD WRGDV DV
YHORFLGDGHVH[FHWRDPDUFKDUp$OJXQVDXWRPyYHLVFRQWXGRQmRRSRVVXHPSDUD
DSULPHLUDYHORFLGDGH
2 IXQFLRQDPHQWR GR VLVWHPD VLQFURQL]DGRU p LGrQWLFR DR GH XPD HPEUHDJHP GH
IULFomR4XDQGRRVLQFURQL]DGRUpIRUoDGRDGHVOL]DUGHHQFRQWURjHQJUHQDJHPQD
TXDO GHYH HQJUHQDU XP DQHO F{QLFR H[LVWHQWH QD HQJUHQDJHP HP IUHQWH GRV
GHQWHV HQWUD HP FRQWDWR FRP D VXSHUItFLH GH XP RULItFLR F{QLFR ± H[LVWHQWH QR
VLQFURQL]DGRU  j TXDO VH DMXVWD 2 DWULWR UHVXOWDQWH GR FRQWDWR GDV VXSHUItFLHV
F{QLFDV HOHYD RX UHGX] D YHORFLGDGH GD HQJUHQDJHP OLYUH DWp WRUQDOD LJXDO D
YHORFLGDGHGRHL[RSULPiULR
2V PHFDQLVPRV VLQFURQL]DGRV DWXDLV LQFOXHP XP GLVSRVLWLYR TXH LPSHGH R
PRYLPHQWR GR VLQFURQL]DGRU H QmR SHUPLWH TXH RV GHQWHV HQJDWHP DQWHV GH VH
REWHUXPDVLQFURQL]DomRSHUIHLWD
6H DV SHoDV HP URWDomR QmR JLUDUHP j PHVPD YHORFLGDGH SRU D HPEUHDJHP QmR
HVWDUGHYLGDPHQWHGHVHPEUHDGDDDODYDQFDGHPXGDQoDVUHVLVWLUiDRVHVIRUoRVGR
PRWRULVWDSDUDPXGDODGHSRVLomR
$WXDOPHQWH VmR XWLOL]DGRV WUrV VLVWHPDV GLIHUHQWHV TXH SURGX]HP WRGRV HOHV RV
PHVPRVHIHLWRV8PGHOHVUHFRUUHDXPDQHOUHWDUGDGRUTXHPDQWpPVHSDUDGRVRV
GRLVFRQMXQWRVGHGHQWHVDWpTXHDTXHOHVJLUHPjPHVPDYHORFLGDGH

Transmissão CVT
&RQWLQXRVO\YDULDEOHWUDQVPLVVLRQRXWUDQVPLVVmRFRQWLQXDPHQWHYDULiYHOWUDEDOKD
FRPFRUUHLDVHSROLDV
2 SULQFLSLR p VLPSOHV HPERUD RFRUUDP SHTXHQDV YDULDo}HV HQWUH RV VLVWHPDV
XWLOL]DGRV SHODV GLIHUHQWHV PRQWDGRUDV 2V FRPSRQHQWHV EiVLFRV VmR GXDV SROLDV
F{QLFDVOLJDGDVSRUXPDFRUUHLDHP 9 HPDOJXQVPRGHORV XWLOL]DVH XPDFRUUHQWH
PHWiOLFDGHHORVGHSODFD(VWDVSROLDVVmRELSDUWLGDVHVXDVPHWDGHVVHDIDVWDPRX
VHDSUR[LPDPGHDFRUGRFRPDQHFHVVLGDGH&RPHVVHPRYLPHQWRHODVDXPHQWDP
RXGLPLQXHPRGLkPHWURGHDWXDomRGDFRUUHLDHDOWHUDPDUHODomRGHWUDQVPLVVmR
GH XPD SROLD HP UHODomR D RXWUD ,VWR VLJQLILFD QD SUDWLFD DORQJDU RX HQFXUWDU DV
PDUFKDV HP LQILQLWDV FRPELQDo}HV UHVSHLWDQGR p FODUR R LQWHUYDOR HQWUH RV
GLkPHWURVPtQLPRHPi[LPRGRFRQMXQWR$VVLPFRQIRUPH RPRWRUGRYHLFXORYDL



VHQGR DFHOHUDGR QXP VLVWHPD KLGUiXOLFR FRPDQGD VLPXOWDQHDPHQWH D ODUJXUD
DGHTXDGD GDV GXDV SROLDV DMXVWDQGR LQVWDQWDQHDPHQWH D UHODomR GH WUDQVPLVVmR
SDUDDVROLFLWDomRGRPRPHQWR

$OpP GD H[WHQVD FRPELQDomR GH UHODo}HV GH WUDQVPLVVmR D &97 WUD] RXWUDV
YDQWDJHQV QD FRPSDUDomR FRP RV FkPELRV DXWRPiWLFRV WUDGLFLRQDLV &RQVXPR GH
FRPEXVWtYHOLQIHULRUHJDQKRQDDFHOHUDomRVmRGRLVH[HPSORV2XWUDFDUDFWHUtVWLFD
p R IXQFLRQDPHQWR VXDYH H FRQWLQXR GR FRQMXQWR VHP WUDQFRV RX EXUDFRV HQWUH
XPDPDUFKDHRXWUD

Transmissão automática
$ IXQomR GH XPD WUDQVPLVVmR DXWRPiWLFD RX KLGUiXOLFD FRQVLVWH HP DWXDU FRPR
XPDHPEUHDJHPDXWRPiWLFDHQWUHRPRWRUHDFDL[DGHPXGDQoDV3HUPLWHTXHR
PRWRU WUDEDOKH FRP R DXWRPyYHO SDUDGR H FRPHoD D WUDQVPLWLU VXDYH H
SURJUHVVLYDPHQWH D HQHUJLD PHFkQLFD TXDQGR R PRWRULVWD DFHOHUD R PRWRU
FRPSULPLQGRRDFHOHUDGRU
(VWH VLVWHPD FRPS}HVH GH GXDV SDUWHV URWDWLYDV SULQFLSDLV XP LPSXOVRU ± D
ERPED ± DFLRQDGR SHOR PRWRU H XPD WXUELQD TXH DFLRQD D FDL[D GH PXGDQoDV
&DGD XPD GHVWDV SDUWHV WHP D IRUPD GH XPD FDORWD HVIpULFD H FRQWpP XP FHUWR
Q~PHURGHGLYLVyULDVUDGLDLVDVSiV
$V GXDV FDORWDV HVWmR DORMDGDV YROWDGDV XPD SDUD D RXWUD QXP FiUWHU FKHLR GH
yOHRHVHSDUDGDVSRUXPSHTXHQRHVSDoRSDUDHYLWDUTXDOTXHUFRQWDWRHQWUHVL




$IRUPDEiVLFDGHWUDQVPLVVmRKLGUiXOLFDFRQKHFLGDFRPRHPEUHDJHPKLGUiXOLFDp
XWLOL]DGDHPYH]GDVHPEUHDJHQVGHIULFomRHPDXWRPyYHLVFRPFDL[DVGHFDPELR
SUp VHOHWLYDV &RQVLVWH HVVHQFLDOPHQWH QXPD ERPED H QXPD WXUELQD HQWUH DV
TXDLVRyOHRFLUFXODHQTXDQWRRPRWRUHVWiHPIXQFLRQDPHQWR
4XDQGR R PRWRUWUDEDOKD DR UDOHQWL R yOHR p H[SHOLGRSHOD ERPED GHYLGR jIRUoD
FHQWUtIXJD (VWH yOHR p DWLUDGR SHODV SiV SDUD D WXUELQD TXH SHUPDQHFH SDUDGD
YLVWRDIRUoDGRyOHRQmRVHUVXILFLHQWHSDUDPRYHOR4XDQGRRPRWRULVWDDFHOHUDD
YHORFLGDGHGDERPEDDXPHQWDHRWRUTXHUHVXOWDQWHGRPRYLPHQWRPDLVUiSLGRGR
yOHR WRUQDVH VXILFLHQWHPHQWH HOHYDGR SDUD YHQFHU D UHVLVWrQFLD GD WXUELQD TXH
FRPHoDDURGDUHS}HRDXWRPyYHOHPPRYLPHQWR$SyVWHUWUDQVPLWLGRHQHUJLDj
WXUELQDRyOHRYROWDjERPEDUHSHWLQGRVHHQWmRRFLFOR
6H D YHORFLGDGH GR PRWRU FRQWLQXDU D DXPHQWDU D GLIHUHQoD HQWUH DV YHORFLGDGHV
GH URWDomR GD ERPED H GD WXUELQD GLPLQXLUi JUDGXDOPHQWH DWp VH UHGX]LU R
HVFRUUHJDPHQWR D FHUFD GH  1XPD HPEUHDJHP KLGUiXOLFD R WRUTXH DSOLFDGR j
WXUELQD QXQFD SRGH H[FHGHU R TXH p WUDQVPLWLGR j ERPED R TXH FRQVWLWXL XPD
OLPLWDomR




 
2V DXWRPyYHLV FRP WUDQVPLVVmR DXWRPiWLFD XWLOL]DP QD VXD
PDLRULD XP FRQYHUVRU GR WRUTXH 8P DXPHQWR GR WRUTXH
HTXLYDOHDXPDPXGDQoDSDUDXPDYHORFLGDGHPDLVEDL[DXP
FRQYHUVRU GR WRUTXH FRQVWLWXL DVVLP XP UHGXWRU GH
YHORFLGDGHTXHDJHFRPRXPFRQMXQWRH[WUDGHHQJUHQDJHQV
DQWHV GH D DomR GR PRWRU VH ID]HU VHQWLU QD FDL[D GH
PXGDQoDV
7DOFRPRDHPEUHDJHPKLGUiXOLFDRFRQYHUVRUDSUHVHQWDXPD
ERPEDDFLRQDGDSHORPRWRUHXPDWXUELQDTXHHVWiOLJDGDDR
HL[R SULPiULR GD FDL[D GH FkPELR 3RGH IRUQHFHU XP WRUTXH
PDLV HOHYDGR GR TXH R JHUDGR SHOR PRWRU Mi TXH DSUHVHQWD
WDPEpPHQWUHDERPEDHDWXUELQDXPDSHTXHQD URGDFRP
SiVGHVLJQDGDSRUUHDWRURXHVWDWRU8PGLVSRVLWLYRGHHQJDWH
GH XP Vy VHQWLGR IL[D R UHDWRU DR FiUWHU GD FDL[D GH FkPELR
TXDQGRRQ~PHURGHURWDo}HVpEDL[R
1XPD HPEUHDJHP KLGUiXOLFD R yOHR SURFHGHQWH GD WXUELQD
WHP WHQGrQFLD D GLPLQXLU D YHORFLGDGH GD ERPED 1R
FRQYHUVRU SRUpP DV SiV GR UHDWRU TXDQGR HVWH HVWi
HQJDWDGR GLULJHP R yOHR VHJXQGR XPD WUDMHWyULD PDLV
IDYRUiYHO

'XUDQWH R DUUDQTXH R FRQYHUVRU FKHJD D GXSOLFDU R WRUTXH
DSOLFDGR j FDL[D GH FkPELR ¬ PHGLGD TXH R PRWRU DXPHQWD
GH YHORFLGDGH HVWH DXPHQWR GH  GR WRUTXH YDL VHQGR
UHGX]LGR DWp TXH j YHORFLGDGH GH FUX]HLUR QmR VH YHULILFD
TXDOTXHU DXPHQWR 2 yOHR ID] HQWmR JLUDU R UHDWRU j PHVPD
YHORFLGDGH GD WXUELQD SDVVDQGR R FRQYHUVRU D DWXDU FRPR
XPDHPEUHDJHPKLGUiXOLFDFRPRUHDWRUJLUDQGRFRPR³URGD
OLYUH´ H VHP TXDOTXHU HIHLWR GH DXPHQWR GH WRUTXH 1HP D
HPEUHDJHP KLGUiXOLFD H QHP R FRQYHUVRU SRGHP VHU




GHVHPEUHDGRV SHOR PRWRULVWD 3RU FRQVHJXLQWH VmR QRUPDOPHQWH XWLOL]DGRV HP
FRQMXomR FRP YiULRV WLSRV GH WUDQVPLVVmR HSLFLFORLGDO TXH SHUPLWHP HIHWXDU DV
PXGDQoDVGHYHORFLGDGHVHPGHVHQJDWDURPRWRU
0XGDQoDV GH YHORFLGDGHV VHP SHGDO GH HPEUHDJHP ± $V FDL[DV GH PXGDQoDV
DXWRPiWLFDVEDVHLDPVHQDVXDPDLRULDQXPFRQMXQWRGHHQJUHQDJHQVGHVLJQDGR
SRU WUHP GH HQJUHQDJHQV HSLFLFORLGDLV RX SODQHWiULDV (VWH WUHP p FRPSRVWR SRU
XPD URGD FHQWUDO RX SDQHWiULR j YROWD GD TXDO URGDP HQJUHQDJHQV VDWpOLWHV XP
VXSRUWHGHVWDVHXPDFRURDH[WHULRUGHQWDGDQRLQWHULRU
$ HQJUHQDJHP SODQHWiULD HVWi PRQWDGD QR FHQWUR 1D HQJUHQDJHP HSLFLFORLGDO
VLPSOHVXPSDUGHVDWpOLWHVJLUDHPHL[RVTXHVHDSRLDPQRVXSRUWHHPIRUPDGH
8 GDV HQJUHQDJHQV VDWpOLWHV R TXDO HVWi PRQWDGR QXP HL[R FXMR HVWH HL[R
FRUUHVSRQGH DR GD HQJUHQDJHP SODQHWiULD ¬ PHGLGD TXH R VXSRUWH URGD DV
HQJUHQDJHQVVDWpOLWHVJLUDPQRVVHXVHL[RVHPYROWDGDURGDFHQWUDOQDTXDOHVWmR
HQJUHQDGDV $V HQJUHQDJHQV VDWpOLWHV HVWmR WDPEpP HQJUHQDGDV QRV GHQWHV GR
LQWHULRU GD FRURD FLUFXODU D TXDO SRGH JLUDU j YROWD GD URGD FHQWUDO H GDV
HQJUHQDJHQV VDWpOLWHV WDPEpP HP WRUQR GR PHVPR HL[R 0DQWHQGR LPyYHO XPD
GHVWDVHQJUHQDJHQVDVUHVWDQWHVSRGHPVHUURGDGDVGHPRGRDSHUPLWLUREWHUDV
GLIHUHQWHVUHGXo}HVFRQIRUPHDVGLPHQV}HVGDVHQJUHQDJHQV
3DUD REWHU R Q~PHUR QHFHVViULR GH FRPELQDo}HV GH HQJUHQDJHQV XPD FDL[D GH
PXGDQoDVDXWRPiWLFDLQFOXLGRLVWUrVRXTXDWURWUHQVHSLFLFORLGDLV$OJXPDVSDUWHV
GH FDGD XP GRV FRQMXQWRV HVWmR SHUPDQHQWHPHQWH OLJDGDV HQWUH VL RXWUDV VmR
OLJDGDV WHPSRUDULDPHQWH RX VmR GHWLGDV SRU XP VLVWHPD GH FLQWDV GH IUHQDJHQV H
HPEUHDJHQVVHOHFLRQDGDV SRU YiOYXODV KLGUiXOLFDV GHPXGDQoDV VLWXDGDVQD SDUWH
LQIHULRU GD FDL[D GH PXGDQoDV 2 yOHR VRE SUHVVmR SDUD DFLRQDU DV FLQWDV GH
IUHQDJHP H DV HPEUHDJHQV p IRUQHFLGR S{U XPD ERPED DOLPHQWDGD FRP yOHR GH
OXEULILFDomR GD FDL[D GH PXGDQoDV 3{U YH]HV XWLOL]DPVH GXDV ERPEDV PRYLGDV D
SDUWLU GD H[WUHPLGDGHV GRV HL[RV SULPiULR H VHFXQGiULR GD FDL[D GH PXGDQoDV 2
VHOHWRUGHPXGDQoDVFRPDQGDGLUHWDPHQWHDVYiOYXODVKLGUiXOLFDVDPHQRVTXHVH
VHOHFLRQH D PDUFKD DXWRPiWLFD SDUD IUHQWH 1HVWH FDVR R IXQFLRQDPHQWR GDV
YiOYXODV p FRPDQGDGR SHOD DEHUWXUD GD ERUEROHWD GR DFHOHUDGRU H SHOD YHORFLGDGH
GRDXWRPyYHO4XDQGRDERUEROHWDVHHQFRQWUDDEHUWDDSUHVVmRGRyOHRpUHGX]LGD
HDVHQJUHQDJHQVSHUPDQHFHPQXPDSRVLomRGHYHORFLGDGHEDL[D
4XDQGRRDXWRPyYHODWLQJHDXPDYHORFLGDGHSUpVHOHFLRQDGDXPUHJXODGRUDQXOD
R FRPDQGR S{U DEHUWXUD GD ERUEROHWD R TXH SHUPLWH D SDVVDJHP SDUD XPD
YHORFLGDGHPDLVHOHYDGD

Cardan
1DPDLRULDGRVFDVRVDHQHUJLDPHFkQLFDpWUDQVPLWLGDGDFDL[DGHPXGDQoDVSDUD
R GLIHUHQFLDO SRU PHLR GR HL[R GH WUDQVPLVVmR (VWH FRQVLVWH QXP WXER PHWiOLFR
VXILFLHQWHPHQWH UHVLVWHQWH SDUD WUDQVPLWLU D SRWrQFLD WRWDO GR PRWRU PXOWLSOLFDGD
SHORVLVWHPDGHHQJUHQDJHQV
$H[WUHPLGDGHDQWHULRUGRHL[RGHWUDQVPLVVmRHVWiOLJDGDjFDL[DGHFkPELRTXHp
SDUDIXVDGD DR FKDVVL RX j HVWUXWXUD PRQREORFR GR DXWRPyYHO HQTXDQWR D RXWUD
H[WUHPLGDGHHVWiOLJDGDDRSLQKmRGHDWDTXHGRGLIHUHQFLDO
4XDQGRRDXWRPyYHOFLUFXODQXPSLVRLUUHJXODURFRQMXQWRGRHL[RWUDVHLURVREHH
GHVFH FRQIRUPH DV PRODV GD VXVSHQVmR IOHWHP SHOR TXH R HL[R GH WUDQVPLVVmR
GHYHUiDSUHVHQWDUFDUGDQVQDVVXDVH[WUHPLGDGHVSDUDTXHSRVVDRVFLODUGXUDQWH
R VHX PRYLPHQWR GH URWDomR &RPR R PRYLPHQWR GR FRQMXQWR GR HL[R WUDVHLUR
PRGLILFD FRQVWDQWHPHQWH D GLVWkQFLD HQWUH D FDL[D GH FkPELR H D XQLmR FRP
GLIHUHQFLDO R FRPSULPHQWR GR HL[R GH WUDQVPLVVmR GHYH SRGHU YDULDU QD PHVPD
SURSRUomR
2VDXWRPyYHLVGHWUDomRjIUHQWHHRVGHPRWRUHWUDomRDWUiVQmRQHFHVVLWDPGH
HL[RV GH WUDQVPLVVmR VHQGR QHVWH FDVR D HQHUJLD PHFkQLFD WUDQVPLWLGD GR
GLIHUHQFLDO H[LVWHQWH QD FDL[D GH PXGDQoDV SDUD DV URGDV PRWUL]HV 2V VHPLHL[RV



DSUHVHQWDP FDUGDQV ± TXH SHUPLWHP RV PRYLPHQWRV GD VXVSHQVmR H GLUHomR ± H
XQL}HVGHVOL]DQWHVSDUDWRUQDUSRVVtYHLVDVYDULDo}HVGHFRPSULPHQWR


/LEHUGDGHGHPRYLPHQWR±4XDQGRRHL[RVREHHGHVFHVHJXQGRDIOH[mRGDVPRODV
WUDVHLUDV RV FDUGDQV H[LVWHQWHV HP FDGD H[WUHPLGDGH GR HL[R GH WUDQVPLVVmR
SHUPLWHPDRVFLODomRGHVWH$DPSOLWXGHGDRVFLODomRGRHL[RGLYHUJHGDDPSOLWXGH
GDRVFLODomRGR HL[RGHWUDQVPLVVmRSHORTXHRFRPSULPHQWRGHVWHWHPGHYDULDU
SDUD FRPSHQVDU D GLIHUHQoD 8PD XQLmR GHVOL]DQWH H[LVWHQWH QXPD GDV
H[WUHPLGDGHVGRHL[RWRUQDSRVVtYHOHVWDYDULDomR

&RPSRQHQWHVGHXPHL[RGHWUDQVPLVVmRWtSLFR

2VFDUGDQVH[LVWHQWHVHPDPEDVDVH[WUHPLGDGHVGRHL[RGHWUDQVPLVVmRSHUPLWHP
TXHRkQJXORGHVWHYDULH HQTXDQWRR HL[RVHFXQGiULRGDFDL[DGHFkPELRHR HL[R
GRSLQKmRGHDWDTXHGRGLIHUHQFLDOSHUPDQHFHPVHQVLYHOPHQWHSDUDOHORV2HL[RGH
WUDQVPLVVmR p IDEULFDGR GH PRGR TXH R VHX SHVR VH GLVWULEXD XQLIRUPHPHQWH HP
WRUQR GR VHX HL[R D ILP GH HYLWDU TXDOTXHU GHVHTXLOtEULR TXH GDULD RULJHP D
YLEUDomRFDSD]GHGDQLILFDURVURODPHQWRVGDFDL[DGHFkPELRHGRGLIHUHQFLDO

7UDQVPLVVmRGRPRYLPHQWRSRUPHLRGH³FDUGDQV´±2VFDUGDQVPDLVXWLOL]DGRVQRV
DXWRPyYHLV DWXDLV VmR GR WLSR +22. (VWH WLSR GH FDUGDQ FRQVLVWH HP GXDV
IRUTXLOKDVDUWLFXODGDVQXPDSHoDFHQWUDOHPIRUPDGHFUX]±FUX]HWDIRUPDGDSRU
GRLVSLQRVTXHVHLQWHUFHSWDPHPkQJXORUHWR
$VIRUTXLOKDVXPDQRHL[RPRWRUHRXWUDQRHL[RGHVDtGDHVWmROLJDGDVjFUX]HWD
GH PRGR D IRUPDUHP kQJXOR UHWR HQWUH VL (VWH WLSR GH XQLmR SHUPLWH DRV HL[RV
URGDUHPVROLGiULRVPHVPRTXHRVVHXVHL[RVQmRHVWHMDPHPOLQKDUHWD




 
4XDQGRRVHL[RVOLJDGRVSRUXPDFDUGDQGRWLSR+22.JLUDPIRUPDQGRHQWUHVLXP
GHWHUPLQDGRkQJXORDYHORFLGDGHGRHL[RVHFXQGiULRIOXWXD4XDQWRPDLRUIRUHVWH
kQJXORPDLRUVHUiDIOXWXDomRHPYHORFLGDGH1XPDXWRPyYHOGHPRWRUGLDQWHLURH
WUDomRWUDVHLUDDIOXWXDomRHPYHORFLGDGHQmRpFRQVLGHUDYHOMiTXHRFDUGDQSHOR
IDWRGHRHL[RGHWUDQVPLVVmRVHUPXLWRFRPSULGRIRUPDkQJXORVWmRSHTXHQRVTXH
D YHORFLGDGH QmR YDULD GH PRGR VLJQLILFDWLYR $OpP GLVVR FRPR R HL[R PRWRU H R
VHFXQGiULR VmR VHQVLYHOPHQWH SDUDOHORV DV IOXWXDo}HV QRV FDUGDQV GH FDGD XPD
GDVH[WUHPLGDGHVGRHL[RGHWUDQVPLVVmRDQXODPVHHQWUHVL
2V DXWRPyYHLV FRP PRWRU H WUDomR GLDQWHLUD H RV GH PRWRU H WUDomR WUDVHLUD QmR
DSUHVHQWDP HL[RV GH WUDQVPLVVmR QHFHVVLWDQGR FRQWXGR GH FDUGDQV SDUD RV
PRYLPHQWR GH VXVSHQVmR 1HVWHV PRGHORV RV VHPLHL[RV TXH WUDQVPLWHP R
PRYLPHQWR jV URGDV PRWUL]HV WrP FDUGDQV PRQWDGRV DR ODGR GR GLIHUHQFLDO 2V
DXWRPyYHLVGHWUDomRGLDQWHLUDSRVVXHPWDPEpPFDUGDQVGHYHORFLGDGHFRQVWDQWH
RX KRPRFLQpWLFDV PRQWDGRV QDV H[WUHPLGDGHV GRV VHPLHL[RV FRUUHVSRQGHQWHV jV
URGDVPRWUL]HVSDUDSHUPLWLURVPRYLPHQWRVGDGLUHomREHPFRPRRVPRYLPHQWRV
YHUWLFDLVRULJLQDGRVSHODVXVSHQVmR

Homossinética
2LPSDFWRUHVXOWDQWHGRDUUDQTXHGHXPDXWRPyYHOGHPRWRUGLDQWHLURHWUDomRQDV
URGDV WUDVHLUDV p DPRUWHFLGR SHOR HL[R GH WUDQVPLVVmR EDVWDQWH ORQJR WRUFH
OLJHLUDPHQWH UHWRUQDQGR GHSRLV j VXD SRVLomR RULJLQDO 1RV DXWRPyYHLV GH WUDomR
GLDQWHLUDHQRVPRGHORVFRPPRWRUHWUDomRQDWUDVHLUDRVVHPLHL[RVWUDQVPLWHPR
PRYLPHQWRVHQGRGHPDVLDGRFXUWRVQmRWRUFHPSHORTXHRFKRTXHpDPRUWHFLGR
S{UFDUGDQVH[LVWHQWHVHPDPEDVDVH[WUHPLGDGHVGRGLIHUHQFLDO
([LVWHP GRLV WLSRV GH FDUGDQV QXP GHOHV XPD FUX]HWD FRP EXFKDV GH ERUUDFKD
HVWiIL[DGDjVIRUTXLOKDV$ERUUDFKDFRPSULPLGDID]GHDPRUWHFHGRU1RVHJXQGR
WLSR XPD DOPRIDGD VH[WDYDGD GH ERUUDFKD DEVRUYH R FKRTXH GD WUDQVPLVVmR H
SHUPLWHDDUWLFXODomR
(PDOJXQVFDVRVDHODVWLFLGDGHGHDOPRIDGDGHERUUDFKDSHUPLWHOLJHLUDVYDULDo}HV
QR FRPSULPHQWR GR VHPLHL[R WRUQDQGR GHVQHFHVViULD D H[LVWrQFLD GD OLJDomR
HVWULDGD GHVOL]DQWH 2V FDUGDQV TXH SHUPLWHP R PRYLPHQWR GR YRODQWH GH GLUHomR
QRVDXWRPyYHLVGHWUDomRGLDQWHLUDWrPGHSHUPLWLUkQJXORVGHžRXPDLVHQWUH
RVHL[RVSULPiULRVHVHFXQGiULRV1HVWHFDVRUHFRUUHVHDXQL}HVKRPRFLQpWLFDVRX
VHMD GH YHORFLGDGH FRQVWDQWH Mi TXH DV IOXWXDo}HV GH YHORFLGDGH HP FDUGDQV GR




WLSR +22.( D WDLV kQJXORV QmR SHUPLWLULDP XPD FRQGXomR VXDYH $VVLP R HL[R
VHFXQGiULRURGDFRQVWDQWHPHQWHjPHVPDYHORFLGDGHGRHL[RPRWRU

8QLmR KRPRFLQpWLFD %LUILHOG ± $ XQLmR %LUILHOG TXH SHUPLWH YHORFLGDGHV VHP

IOXWXDo}HV QRV HL[RV SULPiULRV H VHFXQGiULRV QXPD YDVWD JDPD GH kQJXORV SRGH
VHU DSUHVHQWDGD FRPR XP GRV PDLV EHP VXFHGLGRV PRGHORV GH XQL}HV
KRPRFLQpWLFDV
8P GRV HL[RV DSUHVHQWD QXPD GDV H[WUHPLGDGHV XPD HVIHUD RFD DORMDPHQWR
HVIpULFR RQGH H[LVWHP VHLV UDQKXUDV DOLQKDGDV FRP R VHX HL[R 2 RXWUR HL[R HVWi
XQLGR SRU HVWULDV D RXWUD HVIHUD FRP UDQKXUDV VHPHOKDQWHV H TXH VH DORMD QR
LQWHULRUGDHVIHUDRFD
(QWUH HVWDV GXDV SHoDV HQFRQWUDVH XPD DUDQKD GH DoR FRQWHQGR VHLV HVIHUDV
WDPEpPGHDoRTXHHQFDL[DPHPDPERVRVFRQMXQWRVGHUDQKXUDV2PRYLPHQWR
p WUDQVPLWLGR GH XP SDUD RXWUR HL[R S{U LQWHUPpGLR GDV HVIHUDV 4XDQGR RV HL[RV
VDHPGRDOLQKDPHQWRGHYLGRDRPRYLPHQWRGDGLUHomRRXGDVXVSHQVmRDVHVIHUDV
GHVORFDPVHQDVUDQKXUDV




(P FRQVWDQWH EXVFD GH PHOKRUHV FRQGLo}HV GH FRQIRUWR H GH FRQGXomR RV
IDEULFDQWHV SDVVDUDP D DGRWDU D VXVSHQVmR LQGHSHQGHQWH j IUHQWH H DOJXQV
PRGHORVDVXVSHQVmRLQGHSHQGHQWHDWUiV([LVWHPYiULDVGLVSRVLo}HVGHGLIHUHQFLDO
HPTXHDVXVSHQVmRpLQGHSHQGHQWH
9DULDQGRHVWDVFRQIRUPHVmRPRWUL]HVDVURGDVGD
IUHQWHRXGHWUiVRXDWpPHVPRFRQIRUPHRPRWRU
VHMDPRQWDGRORQJLWXGLQDORXWUDQVYHUVDOPHQWH
6H R PRWRU HVWLYHU PRQWDGR SDUDOHODPHQWH DR
HL[R ORQJLWXGLQDO GR DXWRPyYHO p XVXDO TXH R
GLIHUHQFLDOVHHQFRQWUHHQWUHRPRWRUHDFDL[DGH
FkPELR GH PRGR D REWHUVH XP FRQMXQWR
FRPSDFWR 8WLOL]DVH HQWmR R WLSR QRUPDO GH
HQJUHQDJHQV F{QLFDV KLSRtGHV DORMDGDV SRUpP
QRPHVPRFiUWHUGDFDL[DGHFDPELR
&RP R PRWRU PRQWDGR WUDQVYHUVDOPHQWH R
GLIHUHQFLDO VLWXDVH SDUDOHOR j iUYRUH GH PDQLYHODV VHQGR XWLOL]DGDV HQJUHQDJHQV
GHGHQWHVKHOLFRLGDLVHPYH]GHF{QLFDV

Diferencial
1D ~OWLPD IDVH GR VHX SHUFXUVR DWp DV URGDV
PRWUL]HV D HQHUJLD SURYHQLHQWH GR PRWRU SDVVD
DWUDYpVGRGLIHUHQFLDO (VWHGHVWLQDVHDUHGX]LUD
YHORFLGDGH GR HL[R GH WUDQVPLVVmR SDUD D
YHORFLGDGH H[LJLGD SHODV URGDV SDUD SHUPLWLU TXH
QXPD FXUYD D URGD GH GHQWUR URGH PDLV
OHQWDPHQWH GR TXH D GH IRUD H H[FHWR QRV
DXWRPyYHLV GH PRWRU WUDQVYHUVDO SDUD SHUPLWLU TXH D URWDomR GR PRWRU VH
WUDQVPLWDjVURGDVVHJXQGRXPkQJXORGHž
2YRODQWHGRPRWRUGHXPDXWRPyYHOGHGLPHQV}HVPpGLDVJLUDDYHORFLGDGHVTXH
DWLQJHPUSPHQTXDQWRDGHXPYHtFXORHVSRUWLYRDWLQJHDUSP7DLV



YHORFLGDGHVWrPGHVHUJUDQGHPHQWHUHGX]LGDVDQWHVTXHDHQHUJLDPHFkQLFDVHMD
WUDQVPLWLGD jV URGDV PRWUL]HV TXH PHVPR D  NPK JLUDP DSHQDV D XPD
YHORFLGDGHHQWUHHUSPLVVRFRQIRUPHRVHXGLkPHWUR
(PSULVHDGHVPXOWLSOLFDomRSURSRUFLRQDGDSHODUHGXomRGRGLIHUHQFLDORVFLODHQWUH
  LVWR p WRPDQGR FRPR H[HPSOR D UHODomR  R HL[R GH WUDQVPLVVmR
FRPSOHWDWUrVURWDo}HVSRUFDGDURWDomRGDVURGDV
$ UHGXomR REWpPVH SRU PHLR GH XP FRQMXQWR GHVLJQDGR SRU URGD GH FRURD H
SLQKmRGHDWDTXH(VWHSLQKmRRXHQJUHQDJHPH[LVWHQWHQRHL[RGHWUDQVPLVVmR
ID] JLUDU XPD HQJUHQDJHP ± D URGD GH FRURD  PRQWDGD QR FHQWUR GD EDLQKD GR
GLIHUHQFLDO
$UHGXomRGHYHORFLGDGHGHSHQGHGRQ~PHURGHGHQWHVH[LVWHQWHVQDURGDGHFRURD
HQRSLQKmRGHDWDTXH6HSRUH[HPSORRSLQKmRWLYHUGHQWHVHDURGDGHFRURD
RHL[RGHWUDQVPLVVmRFRPSOHWDTXDWURURWDo}HVHQTXDQWRDURGDGHFRURDHDV
URGDVPRWUL]HVFRPSOHWDPXPDVyRTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDXPDUHGXomRGH
-XQWDPHQWHFRPDURGDGDFRURDJLUDXPFRQMXQWRGHHQJUHQDJHQV±SODQHWiULRVH
VDWpOLWHV±TXHSHUPLWHGLIHUHQoDVGHYHORFLGDGHGHURWDomRHQWUHDVURGDVPRWUL]HV
TXDQGR R DXWRPyYHO ID] XPD FXUYD $ URGD GH FRURD H R SLQKmR GH DWDTXH
LPSULPHP DR HL[R GD URWDomR XP GHVYLR GH ž JUDoDV jV VXDV HQJUHQDJHQV
F{QLFDVFXMRVHL[RVIRUPDPHQWUHVLXPkQJXORUHWR
([LVWHPWUrVWLSRVGHHQJUHQDJHQVF{QLFDVGHGHQWHVGLUHLWRVGHGHQWHVKHOLFRLGDLV
H GH GHQWHV KLSyLGHV 2V GHQWHV GLUHLWRV VmR SDUDOHORV DRV HL[RV GRV HL[RV
HQTXDQWR RV KHOLFRLGDLV VmR FXUYRV (PERUD DV HQJUHQDJHQV KLSyLGHV DSUHVHQWHP
WDPEpP GHQWHV FXUYRV RV HL[RV GDV HQJUHQDJHQV QmR ILFDP QR PHVPR SODQR R
TXH VLJQLILFDTXH D OLQKD GH HL[R GR SLQKmR GH DWDTXH SRGH ILFDU DEDL[R GR FHQWUR
GDURGDGHFRURDGRTXH UHVXOWDRDEDL[DPHQWRGRHL[RGHWUDQVPLVVmR $VVLPR
W~QHO H[LVWHQWH QR SLVR GR DXWRPyYHO H TXH DORMD R HL[R GH WUDQVPLVVmR SRGH WHU
PHQRUDOWXUDRXPHVPRVHUHOLPLQDGR



4XDQGR XPDXWRPyYHO ID]XPDFXUYDDVURGDVGRODGRGHGHQWURSHUFRUUHP XPD
WUDMHWyULD PHQRU GR TXH D SHUFRUULGD SHODV URGDV GR ODGR GH IRUD 6H DPEDV DV



URGDV PRWUL]HV HVWLYHVVHP ULJLGDPHQWH IL[DV D XP ~QLFR HL[R DFLRQDGR SHOD URGD
GHFRURDWHULDPGHURGDUjPHVPDYHORFLGDGHRTXHOHYDULDjGHUUDSDJHPGDURGD
TXHSHUFRUUHRPHQRUWUDMHWR$ILPGHHYLWDUHVWHLQFRQYHQLHQWHRHL[RDSUHVHQWD
VH GLYLGLGR HP GRLV VHPLHL[RV FDGD XP GRV TXDLV p PRYLGR LQGHSHQGHQWHPHQWH
SHOR GLIHUHQFLDO SDUD TXH TXDQGR D URGD LQWHULRUGLPLQXL GHYHORFLGDGH D H[WHULRU
DFHOHUHJLUDQGRDURGDGHFRURDjYHORFLGDGHPpGLDGDVURGDV


'LIHUHQFLDLVFRPOLPLWDomRGHGHVOL]DPHQWRFRQWUDULDPDSDWLQDJHPGDVURGDV
2GLIHUHQFLDODSUHVHQWDRLQFRQYHQLHQWHGHSHUPLWLUTXHXPDURGDLQFDSD]GHDGHULU
DXPSLVRHVFRUUHJDGLRJLUHDXPDYHORFLGDGHGXSODGDURGDGHFRURDHQTXDQWRD
RXWUD SHUPDQHFH LPyYHO R TXH GHULYD GR IDWR GH R GLIHUHQFLDO DSOLFDU VHPSUH XP
HVIRUoR LJXDO D FDGD URGD PRWUL] $VVLP VH XPD URGD SDWLQDU QmR SURGX]LQGR
SRUWDQWRWUDomRDRXWUDILFDUiLPyYHO
(P DOJXQV DXWRPyYHLV GH HOHYDGD SRWrQFLD HVWH SUREOHPD p UHVROYLGR PHGLDQWH R
UHFXUVRDXPGLIHUHQFLDOFRPOLPLWDomRGHGHVOL]DPHQWRRXVHMDDXWREORFDQWH




 
8P GRV WLSRV PDLV FRPXQV GH GLIHUHQFLDO DXWREORFDQWH DSUHVHQWD HPEUHDJHQV
F{QLFDV HQWUH RV SODQHWiULRV GR GLIHUHQFLDO H R VHX DORMDPHQWR 0RODV H[LVWHQWHV
HQWUH RV SODQHWiULRV PDQWrP HP FRQWDWRV DV VXSHUItFLHV F{QLFDV FULDQGR XPD
UHVLVWrQFLD SRU DWULWR D TXDOTXHU GLIHUHQoD TXH SRVVD H[LVWLU HQWUH DV YHORFLGDGHV
GRVSODQHWiULRVHGRVHXDORMDPHQWR(VWDUHVLVWrQFLDQmRpVXILFLHQWHSDUDLPSHGLU
D DomR GR GLIHUHQFLDO TXDQGR R DXWRPyYHO ID] XPD FXUYD PDV DXPHQWD TXDQWR
PDLRURELQiULRPRWRUWRUTXHDSOLFDGRDRGLIHUHQFLDO
2ELQiULRPRWRUWHQGHDDIDVWDURVSODQHWiULRVVRPDQGRVHDVVLPjIRUoDH[HUFLGD
VREUH RV FRQHV H DXPHQWDQGR D UHVLVWrQFLD GHVWHV jV GLIHUHQoDV GH YHORFLGDGH
HQWUHRVVHPLHL[RVHYLWDQGRTXHXPDGDVURGDVPRWUL]HVSDWLQH
2V YHtFXORV GH GLPHQV}HV PpGLDV FRP PRWRU QD IUHQWH H WUDomR QD URGD WUDVHLUD
DSUHVHQWDPQDVXDPDLRULDXPHL[RWUDVHLURUtJLGR2VFRQMXQWRVGRVVHPLHL[RVH
GRGLIHUHQFLDOHVWmRDORMDGRVQXPFiUWHUUtJLGRTXHFRQWpPURODPHQWRVSDUDRDSRLR
GDVSHoDVURWDWLYDV
1RUPDOPHQWHDXWRPyYHLVFRPWUDomRWUDVHLUDRXRVPRGHORVFRPWUDomRGLDQWHLUD
H TXH SRUWDQWR QmR SRVVXHP GLIHUHQFLDO DWUiV WrP VXVSHQVmR LQGHSHQGHQWH QDV
URGDVWUDVHLUDV
([LVWHPGRLVWLSRVGHDORMDPHQWRGR HL[RWUDVHLUR1XPGHOHVRHL[RGRWLSREDQMR
IRUPD XPD XQLGDGH HVWDQGR R FRQMXQWR GR GLIHUHQFLDO FRQWLGR QXP FiUWHU
LQGHSHQGHQWHIL[DGRSRUSDUDIXVRVjEDLQKDGRVHPLHL[R1RRXWURRFRQMXQWRGR
GLIHUHQFLDOHQFRQWUDVHQXPFiUWHUFHQWUDOWHQGRGHFDGDODGRXPWXER±EDLQKD±
TXHDORMDRVHPLHL[R




 
$SRLR GRV VHPL HL[RV  $ FODVVLILFDomR GRV HL[RV GHSHQGH GR PRGR FRPR RV
VHPLHL[RV H RV FXERV GDV URGDV HVWmR DSRLDGRV (P WRGRV RV WLSRV GH HL[RV DV
H[WUHPLGDGHVLQWHULRUHVGRVVHPLHL[RVHVWmROLJDGDVDRVSODQHWiULRVGRGLIHUHQFLDO
1R HL[R VHPLIOXWXDQWH FDGD XP GRV VHPLHL[RV p DSRLDGR QD VXD H[WUHPLGDGH
LQWHULRU SRU XP URODPHQWR TXH WDPEpP VHUYH GH DSRLR DR GLIHUHQFLDO 1D
H[WUHPLGDGHH[WHULRUHQFRQWUDVHXPURODPHQWRHQWUHRHL[RHRLQWHULRUGDEDLQKD
GRGLIHUHQFLDO2VHPLHL[RWHPGHVXSRUWDURVHVIRUoRVGHIOH[mRLPSRVWRVSHORSHVR
GR DXWRPyYHO H WUDQVPLWLU R WRUTXH 2 HL[R ô IOXWXDQWH DSUHVHQWD WDPEpP XP
URODPHQWR QR LQWHULRU GD EDLQKD GR GLIHUHQFLDO FRQWXGR R URODPHQWR H[WHULRU
HQFRQWUDVHHQWUHRFXERGDURGDHDEDLQKDGRHL[RGHPDQHLUDDSRGHUVXSRUWDU
RSHVRGRDXWRPyYHO2VHPLHL[RILFDVXMHLWRjIOH[mRDSHQDVTXDQGRRDXWRPyYHO
GHVFUHYHXPDFXUYD
1XPHL[RWRWDOPHQWHIOXWXDQWHH[LVWHPGRLVURODPHQWRVHQWUHFDGDFXERHDEDLQKD
GRVHPLHL[RTXHVXSRUWDPRSHVRGR DXWRPyYHO HDV IRUoDVJHUDGDVTXDQGRHVWH
GHVFUHYHXPDFXUYD(VWHWLSRGHHL[RpUDUDPHQWHXWLOL]DGRHPDXWRPyYHLV
5HDomRDRWRUTXHELQiULRPRWRU4XDQGRVHWUDQVPLWHHVIRUoRGHURWDomRDRHL[R
GH WUiV SRU PHLR GH XP HL[R GH WUDQVPLVVmR GHVFREHUWR D UHDomR DR UHVSHFWLYR
WRUTXHWHQGHDWRUFHURHL[RQDVVXDVVXVSHQV}HV(YLWDVHHVWDWRUomRLQWURGX]LGR
RHL[RGHWUDQVPLVVmRQXPDEDLQKDGHUHDomRTXHFRQVWLWXLXPDH[WHQVmRUtJLGDGD
EDLQKDGRGLIHUHQFLDO




 
6HOHomR GDV PXGDQoDV QRV GLIHUHQWHV VLVWHPDV ± 8PD WUDQVPLVVmR DXWRPiWLFD
VHOHFLRQDHPXGDDVPDUFKDVFRQIRUPHQHFHVViULRVHPLQWHUYHQomRGRPRWRULVWD
4XHUGL]HUSDUDFRQGX]LUXPDXWRPyYHOFRPFkPELRDXWRPiWLFREDVWDVHOHFLRQDU
RPRYLPHQWRSDUDIUHQWHRXSDUDWUiVHDFHOHUDU1XPDXWRPyYHOFRPHVWHVLVWHPD
GHPXGDQoDVH[LVWHPSRUWDQWRDSHQDVGRLVSHGDLVXPSDUDDFHOHUDUHRXWURSDUD
IUHDU
2V GLIHUHQWHV VLVWHPDV GH WUDQVPLVVmR DXWRPiWLFD DSUHVHQWDP XPD JUDQGH
YDULHGDGHGHEORTXHLRGDVHQJUHQDJHQVVHQGRDVXDVHOHomRFRPDQGDGDSRUPHLR
GHXPDDODYDQFD
(P WRGRV RV VLVWHPDV D DODYDQFD GH FRPDQGR SRGH DGDSWDUVH D GLIHUHQWHV
SRVLo}HV 1 SDUD SRQWR PRUWR 3 QD PDLRULD GRV PRGHORV SDUD HVWDFLRQDPHQWR
SRVLomRTXHLQFOXLXPGLVSRVLWLYRGHEORTXHLRSRUTXHVW}HVGHVHJXUDQoDDSHQDVVH
SRGH SRGH GDU D SDUWLGD QRPRWRU QXPD GHVVDV SRVLo}HV 5 SDUD PDUFKD Up '
SDUD D PDUFKD j IUHQWH H / SDUD PDQWHU XPD YHORFLGDGH EDL[D 8P EDWHQWH
PHFkQLFR HYLWD D LQDGHTXDGD VHOHomR GDV SRVLo}HV GH PDUFKD Up RX GH
HVWDFLRQDPHQWR351'/pDVHTXrQFLDPDLVXVXDO&RORFDQGRDDODYDQFDQDSRVLomR
'REWpPVHWRGDJDPDGHPXGDQoDVGDPDLVDOWDjPDLVEDL[DXWLOL]DQGRWRGDVDV
YHORFLGDGHV TXH LPSULPHP PRYLPHQWR SDUD IUHQWH $ VHOHomR GDV PXGDQoDV
GHSHQGH QmR Vy GH XP UHJXODGRU FRPDQGDGR SHOD YHORFLGDGH PDV WDPEpP GD
SRVLomRGRSHGDOGRDFHOHUDGRU




&RP R DFHOHUDGRU D IXQGR REWpPVH D XWLOL]DomR Pi[LPD GH FDGD PXGDQoD DWp D
PDLV HOHYDGD YHORFLGDGH SRVVtYHO GHQWUR GRV OLPLWHV GH VHJXUDQoD GR PRWRU SRU
RXWUR ODGR DFHOHUDQGR OLJHLUDPHQWH R PRWRULVWD SHUPLWH D VHOHomR JUDGXDO GDV
PXGDQoDV GD SULPHLUD SDUD D 6HJXQGD H GD 6HJXQGD SDUD D SULVH D YDULHGDGHV
EDVWDQWH PDLV EDL[DV ([LVWH DLQGD XP LQWHUUXSWRU GH ILP GH FXUVR DFLRQDGR
TXDQGR VH FDUUHJD D IXQGR QR SHGDO GR DFHOHUDGRU TXH LQLFLD LPHGLDWDPHQWH D
PXGDQoD SDUD XPD YHORFLGDGH PDLV EDL[D VH D YHORFLGDGH GH GHVORFDomR GR
DXWRPyYHOSHUPLWLU3RUH[HPSORSRGHVHSRUPHLRGRLQWHUUXSWRUSDVVDUGDSULVH
SDUD 6HJXQGD D  NPK R FRPDQGR DXWRPiWLFR SRUpP SRGHUi LPSHGLU HVVD
SDVVDJHP VH D YHORFLGDGH GH GHVORFDPHQWR GR DXWRPyYHOIRUVXSHULRU (PDOJXQV
GRV PDLV XWLOL]DGRV PRGHORV GH WUDQVPLVV}HV DXWRPiWLFDV GH WUrV YHORFLGDGHV GD
PDUFD %RUJ :DUQHU D DODYDQFD VHOHWRUD DSUHVHQWD D VHTXrQFLD 351' GH



SRVLo}HV &RORFDQGR D DODYDQFD QD SRVLomR  R PRWRULVWD REWpP PXGDQoDV
DXWRPiWLFDV GD SULPHLUD SDUD D 6HJXQGD YHORFLGDGHV H YLFHYHUVD ILFDQGR
FRQWXGR D SULVH H[FOXtGD 6H D DODYDQFD IRU FRORFDGD QD SRVLomR  R PRWRULVWD
REWpP D SULPHLUD YHORFLGDGH (VWD GLVSRVLomR GHVWLQDVH SHUPLWLU D WUDYDJHP
Pi[LPDGRPRWRUHPGHVFLGDVtQJUHPHV
1XPD WUDQVPLVVmR DXWRPiWLFD DV YHORFLGDGHV VmR VHOHFLRQDGDV SRU SUHVVmR
KLGUiXOLFD


'15 1D VHTXrQFLD GD DODYDQFD VHOHWRUD GD WUDQVPLVVmR GD $XWRPRWLYH
3URGXFWVDSRVLomR'SHUPLWHPXGDQoDVFRPSOHWDPHQWHDXWRPiWLFDVHQTXDQWRDV
SRVLo}HVH5VmRVHOHFLRQDGDVPDQXDOPHQWH$DODYDQFDHP1GiVHRSRQWR
PRUWR $VVLP R PRWRULVWD SRGH RSWDU HQWUH DV PXGDQoDV WRWDOPHQWH DXWRPiWLFDV
RXPDQXDLV

2V DXWRPyYHLV '$) WrP XP VLVWHPD GH WUDQVPLVVmR SRU FRUUHLDV GHQRPLQDGR
YDULRPDWF TXH DVVHJXUD PXGDQoDV WRWDOPHQWH DXWRPiWLFDV GH DFRUGR FRP DV
FRQGLo}HV GR WUiIHJR H GD IDL[D GH URGDJHP 1R DUUDQTXH R PRYLPHQWR p
WUDQVPLWLGR DXWRPDWLFDPHQWH D XPD HPEUHDJHP FHQWUtIXJD TXH SRU VXD YH] ID]
PRYHUGRLVWDPERUHVSRUPHLRGHXPDFDL[DUHGXWRUDGHHQJUHQDJHQVF{QLFDV2V
GLkPHWURV GRV WDPERUHV YDULDP GH DFRUGR FRP DV YHORFLGDGHV GH URWDomR GHVWHV
SRU PHLR GH PDVVDV FHQWUtIXJDV H GH DFRUGR FRP D SRVLomR GR DFHOHUDGRU SRU
PHLR GH XPD FkPDUD GH YiFXR 'XDV FRUUHLDV WUDSH]RLGDLV GHQWDGDV URGDP HQWUH
GRLV WDPERUHV SUHVVLRQDGRV XP GH HQFRQWUR DR RXWUR SRU PHLR GH PRODV &RP
DFHOHUDomREDL[DVRVLVWHPDSURSRUFLRQDDXWRPDWLFDPHQWHXPDUHGXomRHOHYDGD




&RQGXomR HFRQ{PLFD FRP µRYHUGULYH¶  2 RYHUGULYH RX VREUH PDUFKD FRQVLVWH
QXPD XQLGDGH PRQWDGD DWUiV GD FDL[D GH PXGDQoDV GHVWLQDGD D SURSRUFLRQDU
XPD YHORFLGDGH SDUD DOpP GD SULVH TXH SHUPLWD XPD PDUFKD HFRQ{PLFD D XP
EDL[RUHJLPHGHURWDo}HVGRPRWRUVHPUHGXomRGDYHORFLGDGHGHGHVORFDPHQWR

(P DOJXQV PRGHORV GH DXWRPyYHLV R RYHUGULYH DWXD WDPEpP HP WHUFHLUD RX
PHVPRHPVHJXQGDRTXHDXPHQWDSDUDRPRWRULVWDDVSRVVLELOLGDGHVGHHVFROKD
GHUHGXomR
$VXQLGDGHVRYHUGULYHWrPHPJHUDOXPVLVWHPDGHHQJUHQDJHQVHSLFLFORLGDLVTXH
LQFOXL XPD HPEUHDJHP F{QLFD DFLRQDGD KLGUDXOLFDPHQWH 4XDQGR R RYHUGULYH QmR
HVWi HP IXQFLRQDPHQWR D HPEUHDJHP TXH HVWi OLJDGD j URGD FHQWUDO WRUQDVH
VROLGiULD±GHYLGRjPROD±FRPDFRURDFLUFXODUOLJDGDDRHL[RGHVDtGD2VXSRUWH
GDV HQJUHQDJHQV VDWpOLWHV OLJDGR DR HL[R GD FDL[D GH PXGDQoDV ID] JLUDU WRGR R
FRQMXQWRREWHQGRVHDVVLPXPDWUDQVPLVVmRGLUHWD
4XDQGRRPRWRULVWDVHOHFLRQDRRYHUGULYHDHPEUHDJHPIL[DVHDRFiUWHUH[WHULRUH
LPSHGH RPRYLPHQWR GD URGD FHQWUDO 2 VXSRUWHGDV HQJUHQDJHQV SODQHWiULDV JLUD




HQWmR j YROWD GD URGD FHQWUDO H SRU VXD YH] DFLRQD D FRURD FLUFXODU D XPD
YHORFLGDGHOLJHLUDPHQWHVXSHULRUjVXSHULRUjGRVXSRUWH(PFRQVHTrQFLDRHL[R
GHVDtGDURGDPDLVUiSLGRTXHRHL[RGRPRWRU
2RYHUGULYHpFRPDQGDGRHOpWULFDRXKLGUDXOLFDPHQWHSRUPHLRGHXPLQWHUUXSWRU
H[LVWHQWH QR SDLQHO RX QD FROXQD GD GLUHomR 3RGH VHU OLJDGR RX GHVOLJDGR VHP
LQWHUYHQomRGDHPEUHDJHP

4x4
2V DXWRPyYHLV QD VXD PDLRULD WrP GXDV URGDV
PRWUL]HVRPRWRUDFLRQDRXDVURGDVWUDVHLUDVRX
DV GLDQWHLUDV 4XDQGR D QHYH R JHOR RX D ODPD
WRUQDP R SLVR HVFRUUHJDGLR DV URGDV PRWUL]HV
SRGHP QmR DGHULU VXILFLHQWHPHQWH SHOR TXH XPD
RX DPEDV SRGHP GHUUDSDU PHVPR TXDQGR R
YHtFXORDSUHVHQWDXPGLIHUHQFLDODXWREORFDQWH
6H D WUDomR IRU QDV TXDWUR URGDV RV SQHXV DGHUHP PHOKRU DR SDYLPHQWR
HVFRUUHJDGLR Mi TXH WRGR SHVR GR DXWRPyYHO p XWLOL]DGR QD WUDomR $ WUDomR QDV
TXDWUR URGDV p XVXDO HP YHtFXORV SUySULRV SDUD WHUUHQR DFLGHQWDGRV WDLV FRPR R
-HHS R /DQG 5RYHU H DOJXPDV YLDWXUDV PLOLWDUHV (P HVWUDGDV HP ERDV FRQGLo}HV
GH FLUFXODomR HVWHV YHtFXORV IXQFLRQDP FRP WUDomR QDV URGDV WUDVHLUDV Mi TXH D
WUDomR QDV TXDWUR URGDV QmR p DFRQVHOKiYHO SDUD WUDMHWRV ORQJRV $ WUDomR QDV
TXDWUR URGDV SRGH VHU HQJDWDGD TXDQGR QHFHVViULR SRU PHLR GH XPD DODYDQFD
PXGDQoDH[WUD
(VWDVROXomRpLQDGHTXDGDSDUDXPDXWRPyYHOGHSDVVDJHLURVGHHOHYDGDSRWrQFLD
H FDSD] GH DWLQJLU JUDQGHV YHORFLGDGHV $OJXQV PRGHORV HVWmR HTXLSDGRV FRP
WUDomRGDVTXDWURURGDVTXHIXQFLRQDFRQWLQXDPHQWH
2VLVWHPDGHWUDQVPLVVmRGHVWHYHtFXOROHYDHPFRQWDDVGLIHUHQoDVGHYHORFLGDGH
HQWUHDVURGDVGLDQWHLUDVHDVWUDVHLUDV(VWDYDULDomRGHYHORFLGDGHpSHUPLWLGDSRU
XPGLIHUHQFLDOSULQFLSDOTXHWDPEpPGLYLGHRWRUTXHSDUDDVURGDVGDIUHQWH
HSDUDDVURGDVWUDVHLUDV
7UDomRQDVTXDWURURGDVIyUPXODIHUJXVRQ







Freios
8P IUHLR IXQFLRQD JUDoDV DR DWULWR UHVXOWDQWH GR FRQWDWR HQWUH XP HOHPHQWR QmR
URWDWLYR GR YHtFXOR H XP GLVFR RX WDPERU SROLD TXH JLUD FRP D URGD 2 DWULWR
SURGX]DIRUoDQHFHVViULDSDUDUHGX]LUDYHORFLGDGHGRDXWRPyYHODRFRQYHUWHUHP
FDORUTXHVHGLVVLSDQRDUDHQHUJLDPHFkQLFDGRYHtFXOR
'XUDQWH PXLWRV DQRV D SDUWH URWDWLYD GR IUHLR FRQVWLWXLX QXP WDPERU DR TXDO
SRGLDPVHUDSOLFDGRVGRLVWLSRVGHPHFDQLVPRGHDWULWRXPDFLQWDH[WHULRUTXHVH
FRQWUDtD j YROWD GR WDPERU RX VDSDWDV LQWHULRUHV TXH VH H[SDQGLDP FRQWUD D
VXSHUItFLHLQWHULRUGRWDPERU8PUHYHVWLPHQWRORQDUHVLVWHQWHDRFDORUFRQWHQGR
DPLDQWRHVWDYDIL[RjFLQWDRXDVVDSDWDV


2V IUHLRV GH WDPERU FRP H[SDQVmR LQWHULRU VmR DLQGD XWLOL]DGRV HP JUDQGH
TXDQWLGDGHGHDXWRPyYHLVSRUYH]HVDSHQDVQDVURGDVWUDVHLUDVFDVRHPTXHVH
UHFRUUHDRVIUHLRVGHGLVFRVQDVURGDVGLDQWHLUDV1RVVLVWHPDVPDLVDWXDLVRSHGDO
GR IUHLR HVWi OLJDGR D TXDWUR URGDV HQTXDQWR R IUHLR GH PmR EORTXHLD DSHQDV DV
URGDV WUDVHLUDV D DODYDQFD GR IUHLR GH PmR HVWD HTXLSDGD FRP XP VLVWHPD GH
VHUULOKD TXH SHUPLWH PDQWHU R DXWRPyYHO WUDYDGR PHVPR TXDQGR VH HQFRQWUD
HVWDFLRQDGR
2VIUHLRVGHWDPERUVmRGHVHQKDGRVHIDEULFDGRVGHPRGRTXHDFKXYDDQHYHR
JHOR RX DV LPSXUH]DV GH HVWUDGDV GH WHUUD Mi TXH D XPLGDGH UHGX]
VXEVWDQFLDOPHQWHRDWULWRHQWUHRUHYHVWLPHQWRVGDVVDSDWDVHRWDPERU&RQWXGR
D EOLQGDJHP TXH SURWHJH R WDPERU QmR p HVWDQTXH HP FDVR GH LPHUVmR QD iJXD
SHORTXHDSyVDSDVVDJHPDWUDYpVGHXPSDYLPHQWRLQXQGDGRRPRWRULVWDGHYHUi
DSOLFDURXVRGRVIUHLRVSDUDTXHRDWULWRHRFDORURVVHTXHP
2 VREUH DTXHFLPHQWR GLPLQXL FRQWXGR D HILFiFLD GRV IUHLRV GH WDPERU H TXDQGR
H[FHVVLYR LQXWLOL]DUi SDUD VHPSUH DV VXDV ORQDV 3RGH WDPEpP VH VXFHGHU XPD
SHUGDWHPSRUiULDGHHILFiFLDGXUDQWHXPDIUHQDJHPSURORQJDGDWDOFRPRDFRQWHFH
QXPDORQJDGHVFLGD2VIUHLRVDGLVFRHVWmRPDLVH[SRVWRVDRDUHGLVVLSDPRFDORU
PDLV UDSLGDPHQWH GR TXH RV IUHLRV GH WDPERU VHQGR SRU FRQVHJXLQWHV PDLV
HILFD]HV HP FDVR GH VREUH DTXHFLPHQWR RX XWLOL]DomR SURORQJDGD 1D PDLRULD GRV




DXWRPyYHLV GH HOHYDGD SRWrQFLD RV IUHLRV GH GLVFR VmR XWLOL]DGRV XVXDOPHQWH
VRPHQWHQDVURGDVGLDQWHLUDV
8P IUHLR D GLVFR IXQFLRQD FRPR XP IUHLR GH ELFLFOHWD TXH p FRQVWLWXtGR SRU XP
EORFRGHIUHQDJHPGHFDGDODGRGDURGDRVTXDLVDVDSHUWDP
2IUHLRDGLVFRGHXPDXWRPyYHOWDPEpPDSUHVHQWDXPSDUGHSODFDVGHDWULWRDV
SDVWLOKDV HVWDV FRQWXGR HP YH] GH DWXDUHP GLUHWDPHQWH VREUH D URGD DWXDP
VREUHGXDVIDFHVGHXPGLVFRPHWiOLFRTXHJLUDVROLGiULRFRPHOD
2WHPSRTXHRPRWRULVWDGHPRUDSDUDSDUDU RVHXDXWRPyYHOGHSHQGHGDUDSLGH]
GRV VHXV UHIOH[RV H GR WHPSR QHFHVViULR SDUD TXH RV IUHLRV LPRELOL]HP R YHtFXOR
'XUDQWHRSHUtRGRGHWHPSRHPTXHRPRWRULVWDUHDJHDRHVWtPXOR±FHUFDGHGRLV
WHUoRVGHVHJXQGRQDPDLRULDGRVFDVRVRDXWRPyYHOSHUFRUUHXPDGHWHUPLQDGD
GLVWkQFLDDGLVWkQFLDGHUHDomR
2 TXDGUR PRVWUD DV GLVWkQFLDV SHUFRUULGDV GXUDQWH RV WHPSRV GH UHDomR H GH
IUHQDJHP SRU DXWRPyYHLV GH GLPHQV}HV PpGLDV HTXLSDGRV FRP IUHLRV GH  H
GHHILFiFLDHDXPDYHORFLGDGHGHGHVORFDPHQWRGHNPKNPKH
NPK


$HILFLrQFLDGRVIUHLRVGHYLGDPHQWHUHJXODGRVHHPERDVFRQGLo}HVGHYHUiVHUSHOR
PHQRVGHFRQWXGRSDUDREWHUDVGLVWkQFLDVGHIUHQDJHPLQGLFDGDVRVSQHXV
GHYHPDGHULUGHYLGDPHQWH j HVWUDGD1RUPDOPHQWH p GLItFLODYDOLDUD SRVVLELOLGDGH
GH DGHUrQFLD DR SDYLPHQWR DSHQDV SHOR DVSHFWR GHVWH H SRU LVVR p VHPSUH
DFRQVHOKiYHOXWLOL]DUFXLGDGRVDPHQWHRVIUHLRVHPFRQGLo}HVGHFKXYDRXJHOR


7HRULFDPHQWH R HVIRUoR GH IUHQDJHP GHYHULD VHU GLVWULEXtGR HQWUH DV URGDV
GLDQWHLUDVHDVWUDVHLUDVGHDFRUGRFRPRSHVRTXHHODVVXSRUWDP(VWDGLVWULEXLomR



YDULD GH DFRUGR FRP R PRGHOR GR DXWRPyYHO GH PRWRU QD IUHQWH RX QD SDUWH
WUDVHLUD GR YHtFXOR SRU H[HPSOR FRP R Q~PHUR GH VHXV RFXSDQWHV H FRP D
TXDQWLGDGH GH EDJDJHP &RQWXGR HP FRQVHTrQFLD GD IUHQDJHP XPD SDUWH GR
SHVRpWUDQVIHULGD SDUD IUHQWH H DFUHVFHQWDGD j FDUJD TXH HVWmRVXMHLWDV jV URGDV
GDIUHQWHUHGX]LQGRVHDVVLPDFDUJDVREUHDVGHWUiV
4XDQGRVHDSOLFDPRVIUHLRVDIXQGRDWUDQVIHUrQFLDGHSHVRpPDLRUWHQGHQGRDV
URGDVGHWUiVDEORTXHDUVHRTXHIUHTHQWHPHQWHSURYRFDGHUUDSDJHPODWHUDOGD
SDUWHGHWUiVGRDXWRPyYHO6HDVURGDVGDIUHQWHILFDUHPLPRELOL]DGDVSULPHLURR
DXWRPyYHO GHVORFDUVHi HP OLQKD UHWD SHUGHQGRVH FRQWXGR R GRPtQLR GD
GLUHomR (P SDYLPHQWRV HVFRUUHJDGLRV p PDLV SURYiYHO TXH DV URGDV ILTXHP
EORTXHDGDV HP FRQVHTrQFLD GH XPD WUDYDJHP D IXQGR H QHVVDV FRQGLo}HV R
PRWRULVWDGHYHUiVHPSUHXWLOL]DUFDXWHORVDPHQWHRVIUHLRV
$RSURMHWDURDXWRPyYHORVHQJHQKHLURVHTXLOLEUDPRHIHLWRGDIUHQDJHPHQWUHDV
URGDVGDIUHQWHHDVGHWUiVWHQGRHPFRQWDDGLVWULEXLomRGHSHVRQDVFRQGLo}HV
PpGLDV GH XWLOL]DomR 3HUGD GH UHQGLPHQWR ± 2 DTXHFLPHQWR H[FHVVLYR GRV IUHLRV
HPFRQVHTrQFLDGHIUHQDJHQVUHSHWLGDVRXSURORQJDGDVSRGHSURYRFDUDSHUGDGD
HILFiFLD GHVWHV 2 FDORU RULJLQD DOWHUDo}HV WHPSRUiULDV QDV SURSULHGDGHV GHIULFomR
GR PDWHULDO XWLOL]DGR QDV SDVWLOKDV H QDV ORQDV GH IUHLRV WRUQDQGR HVWHV PHQRV
HILFD]HVjPHGLGDTXHDTXHFHP
6H XP IUHLR IRU VXMHLWR D PDLRUHV HVIRUoRV TXH RV UHVWDQWHV SRGHUi SHUGHU PDLV
UDSLGDPHQWH D VXD HILFLrQFLD GR TXH UHVXOWD XPD IUHQDJHP GHVLJXDO FDSD] GH
SURYRFDUXPDGHUUDSDJHP
2V VLVWHPDV KLGUiXOLFRV EDVHLDPVH QR IDWR GH RV OtTXLGRV VHUHP SUDWLFDPHQWH
LQFRPSUHVVtYHLV8PDSUHVVmRDSOLFDGDHPTXDOTXHUSRQWRGHXPIOXtGRWUDQVPLWH
VH XQLIRUPHPHQWH DWUDYpV GHVWH 8P GLVSRVLWLYR GH SLVWmR H FLOLQGUR DFLRQDGR SRU
XP SHGDO SRGH VHU XWLOL]DGR SDUD JHUDU SUHVVmR QXPD H[WUHPLGDGH GH XP FLUFXLWR
KLGUiXOLFR QXP VLVWHPD GH IUHLRV GH XP DXWRPyYHO (VWD SUHVVmR GR IOXtGR SRGH
DVVLP PRYHU RXWUR SLVWmR VLWXDGR QD H[WUHPLGDGH RSRVWD GR VLVWHPD H DFLRQDU R
IUHLR
(PJHUDODPDLRUSDUWHGRHVIRUoRGHIUHQDJHPDWXDVREUHDVURGDVGDIUHQWHMi
TXH R SHVR GR YHtFXOR p GHVORFDGR SDUD D IUHQWH TXDQGR RV IUHLRV VmR DFLRQDGRV
3RUFRQVHJXLQWHVmRXWLOL]DGRVQRVIUHLRVGDIUHQWHRVSLVW}HVGHGLkPHWURPDLRU


(PWRGRVRVDXWRPyYHLVDWXDLVRSHGDOGRIUHLRDFLRQDKLGUDXOLFDPHQWHRVIUHLRV$
OLJDomR PHFkQLFD SRU PHLR GH WLUDQWHV RX FDERV RX SRU PHLR GH DPERV HVWi



UHVHUYDGD SDUD R VLVWHPD GH IUHLR GH PmR QRUPDOPHQWH XWLOL]DGR DSHQDV DSyV D
SDUDGD GR DXWRPyYHO 8P VLVWHPD KLGUiXOLFR GH IUHLR DSUHVHQWD YiULDV YDQWDJHQV
VREUHXPVLVWHPDDFLRQDGRPHFDQLFDPHQWHeVLOHQFLRVRIOH[tYHOHDXWROXEULILFDGR
H DVVHJXUD D DSOLFDomR GH IRUoDV GH IUHQDJHP DXWRPDWLFDPHQWH LJXDODGDV HP
DPERVRVODGRVGRDXWRPyYHO
2 SHGDO GH IUHLR HVWi OLJDGR SRU PHLR GH XPD KDVWH FXUWD DR FLOLQGUR PHVWUH
4XDQGR R PRWRULVWD SUHVVLRQD R SHGDO D KDVWH ID] PRYHU R SLVWmR QR LQWHULRU GR
FLOLQGUR PHVWUH HPSXUUDQGR R IOXLGR KLGUiXOLFR H IRUoDQGRR DWUDYpV GRV WXERV
SDVVDU SDUD RV FLOLQGURV GR IUHLR GDV URGDV TXH DFLRQD RV IUHLRV 8PD YiOYXOD GH
UHWHQomR H[LVWHQWH QD H[WUHPLGDGH GH VDtGD FLOLQGUR PHVWUH PDQWpPVH VHPSUH
XPDOLJHLUDSUHVVmRQRFLUFXLWRGRVIUHLRVDILPGHLPSHGLUDHQWUDGDGRDU


4XDQGR VH GHL[D GH H[HUFHU SUHVVmR VREUH R SHGDO R FLOLQGUR PHVWUH HQWUD HP
OLJDomRFRPXPGHSyVLWRGHRQGHRIOXtGRIOXLSHODDomRGDJUDYLGDGHRTXHQmRVy
FRPSHQVD TXDOTXHU SHUGD GH IOXtGR PDV WDPEpP SHUPLWH D VXD H[SDQVmR H
FRQWUDomR GHYLGR jV YDULDo}HV GH WHPSHUDWXUD e LPSRUWDQWH YHULILFDU GH YH] HP
TXDQGRRQtYHOGRIOXtGRQRUHVHUYDWyULR
$OJXQV DXWRPyYHLV SRVVXHP FLUFXLWRV KLGUiXOLFRV LQGHSHQGHQWHV SDUD DV URGDV GD
IUHQWHHSDUDDVGHWUiVWHQGRFDGDXPGRVFLUFXLWRVRVHXFLOLQGURPHVWUH$VVLP
VH RFRUUHU DOJXPD IDOKD GH SUHVVmR QXP GRV FLUFXLWRV R RXWUR FRQWLQXDUi
IXQFLRQDQGR


$ IRUoD H[HUFLGD SHOR PRWRULVWD QR SHGDO GR IUHLR p DSOLFDGD DR SLVWmR GR FLOLQGUR
PHVWUH GHSRLV GH PXOWLSOLFDGD SRU HIHLWR GH DODYDQFD H HP VHJXLGD WUDQVPLWLGD
SHOR IOXtGR DWp DRV SLVW}HV GRV FLOLQGURV GR IUHLR RQGH p QRYDPHQWH PXOWLSOLFDGD
HPYLUWXGHGHRGLkPHWURGHVWHVVHUVXSHULRUDRGLkPHWURGRFLOLQGURPHVWUH1HVWH




GLDIUDJPDRQGHDVGLPHQV}HVDSDUHFHPDXPHQWDGDVSDUDPHOKRUFRPSUHHQVmRR
FXUVRGRSHGDOpYH]HVVXSHULRUDRSLVWmRGRFLOLQGURPHVWUHTXHSRUVHXWXUQR
pHYH]HVPDLRUGRTXHRVFXUVRVGRVSLVW}HVGRVFLOLQGURVGRIUHLR$VVLP
HVWHVSLVW}HVDSOLFDPXPDIRUoDPDLRUSHUFRUUHQGRFRQWXGRXPFXUVRPHQRU
)XQFLRQDPHQWRFRQMXQWRGRVFLOLQGURV±$SUHVVmRQHFHVViULDSDUDDFLRQDURVIUHLRV
KLGUiXOLFRVp JHUDGD QR FLOLQGURPHVWUH 8PD KDVWH PRYLGDSHOR SHGDO GRV IUHLRV
REULJDRSLVWmRDDYDQoDU
2 IOXtGR SDVVD HQWmR DWUDYpV GD YiOYXOD GH UHWHQomR H GRV WXERV SDUD RV FLOLQGURV
GRIUHLRRQGHRVSLVW}HVDFLRQDGRVSHODSUHVVmRDWXDPVREUHRVIUHLRV$SUHVVmR
GHIUHQDJHPpLJXDOHVLPXOWkQHDHPWRGDVDVURGDV




 

Fluido
2 IOXtGR XWLOL]DGR QRV IUHLRV p XP OtTXLGR VLQWpWLFR TXH QmR DWDFD D ERUUDFKD H
SRUWDQWR QmR GDQLILFD RV YHGDGRUHV GRV IUHLRV &RPR D ERUUDFKD QDWXUDO VH



GHIRUPDHPFRQWDWRFRPRyOHRDJUD[DOXEULILFDQWHDJDVROLQDRXRXWURVSURGXWRV
GHULYDGRVGRSHWUyOHR QmRGHYHPVHUFRORFDGDVHPFRQWDWRFRPRV YHGDGRUHVGH
ERUUDFKD QDWXUDO GRV VLVWHPDV KLGUiXOLFRV 2 yOHR GRV IUHLRV WDPEpP GHYH HVWDU
LVHQWRGHiJXD
$ PDLRULD GRV IDEULFDQWHV XWLOL]D XP IOXtGR TXH HVWi GH DFRUGR FRP DV QRUPDV
GLWDGDVSHODVRFLHGDGHDPHULFDQD6$(6RFLHW\RI$XWRPRWLYH(QJLQHHUV(VWDV
H[LJHP TXH R yOHR SHUPDQHoD TXLPLFDPHQWH HVWiYHO D DOWDV WHPSHUDWXUDV WHQKD
XPSRQWRGHHEXOLomRHOHYDGRHQmRDWDTXHQHQKXPDSHoDGHERUUDFKDRXPHWiOLFD
GR VLVWHPD 2V PDQXDLV GH LQVWUXo}HV GRV YHtFXORV LQGLFDP R IOXtGR TXH GHYH VHU
XWLOL]DGR
$V FODVVLILFDo}HV GRW GLIHUHQFLDP R SRQWR GH HEXOLomR GR IOXtGR SRGHQGR HVWH
HEROXLUGHSHQGHQGRGDXPLGDGH

ā'RWDR&
ā'RWDR&
ā'RWDR&

2XWUR FXLGDGR TXH GHYH VHU WRPDGR HP UHODomR DR IOXtGR p TXDQWR j WURFD TXH
GHYHUi VHU IHLWD XPD YH] SRU DQR Mi TXH HVWH DEVRUYH D XPLGDGH GR DU
HVSRQWDQHDPHQWH FRQWDPLQDQGR R IOXtGR $OJXQV YHtFXORV WDPEpP WrP XPD EyLD
QRUHVHUYDWyULRGHIOXtGRGHIUHLRTXHID]DFHQGHUXPDOX]QRSDLQHOTXDQGRRQtYHO
HVWiPXLWREDL[R

Tambor
8P IUHLR GH WDPERU FRQVLVWH QXP WDPERU GH IHUUR IXQGLGR FRQWHQGR XP SDU GH
VDSDWDVVHPLFLUFXODUHV2WDPERUHVWiOLJDGRjURGDHJLUDVROLGiULRFRPHVWDGHWDO
PRGR TXH TXDQGR R WDPERU GLPLQXL GH YHORFLGDGH RX SiUD R PHVPR DFRQWHFH j
URGD2DWULWRQHFHVViULRSDUDUHGX]LUDYHORFLGDGHGRWDPERUSURYpPGDDSOLFDomR
SHOR ODGR GH GHQWUR GH VDSDWDV TXH QmR URGDP PDV HVWmR PRQWDGDV QXP SUDWR
PHWiOLFRIL[R&DGDVDSDWDpFRQVWLWXtGDSRUXPDSHoDFXUYDGHDoRRXOLJDPHWiOLFD
OHYHFREHUWDSRUXPUHYHVWLPHQWRRXJXDUQLomRUHVLVWHQWHDRGHVJDVWHORQD
1D PDLRULD GRV IUHLRV GH WDPERU DV VDSDWDV VmR SUHVVLRQDGDV GH HQFRQWUR DR
WDPERU GH URWDomR JUDoDV D XP GLVSRVLWLYR DUWLFXODGR 8PD GDV H[WUHPLGDGHV GH
FDGD VDSDWD HVWi DUWLFXODGD QXP HL[R HQTXDQWR D RXWUD SRGH VHU PRYLGD SRU XP
H[FrQWULFRRXSHORIOXtGRGHIUHLRVLPSHOLGRVRESUHVVmRSDUDRLQWHULRUGRVFLOLQGURV
GRIUHLRGDURGDHSURYHQLHQWHGRFLOLQGURPHVWUH1XPGRVVLVWHPDVKLGUiXOLFRVR
FLOLQGUR GD URGD HVWi IL[R DR SUDWR GR IUHLR H FRQWpP GRLV SLVW}HV TXH DFLRQDP DV
VDSDWDV &RPR DOWHUQDWLYD XWLOL]DVH XP Vy SLVWmR QR FLOLQGUR TXH SRGH PRYHUVH
QR SUDWR GR IUHLR 4XDQGR RV IUHLRV VmR DSOLFDGRV D SUHVVmR GR IOXtGR DWXD
XQLIRUPHPHQWHVREUHRSLVWmRHDH[WUHPLGDGHIHFKDGDGRFLOLQGURREULJDQGRHVWHV
D VHSDUDUHPVH 3RU VXD YH] HVWDV SHoDV DIDVWDP DV VDSDWDV GH PRGR TXH DV
ORQDVVHHQFRVWHPQRWDPERU
0RODV GH UHWRUQR GH FKDPDGD RX GH UHFXSHUDomR TXH VH GLVWHQGHP TXDQGR DV
VDSDWDV HVWmR VHSDUDGDV REULJDP HVWDV D UHWRUQDU j VXD SRVLomR RULJLQDO
DIDVWDQGRVHGRWDPERUDRFHVVDUDSUHVVmRH[HUFLGDSHORPRWRULVWDVREUHRSHGDO
GRVIUHLRV
4XDQGRGXDVVDSDWDVWrPRPHVPRHL[RGHDUWLFXODomRXPD UHFHEH DGHVLJQDomR
GHSULPiULDHDRXWUDGHVHFXQGiULD2XWUDGLVSRVLomRFRQVLVWHHPDUWLFXODUVDSDWDV
VHSDUDGDPHQWH HP SRQWRV RSRVWRV GR SUDWR GR IUHLR 1HVWH FDVR DWXDP DPEDV
FRPRVDSDWDVSULPiULDVTXDQGRRDXWRPyYHOVHGHVORFDSDUDIUHQWH
$ SUHVVmR GH FRQWDWR HQWUH D VDSDWD SULPiULD HR WDPERU WHQGHD VHU DXPHQWDGD
HP YLUWXGH GR DWULWR H[HUFLGR SHOR WDPERU HP URWDomR R TXH DXPHQWD D IRUoD GH
IUHQDJHPQDURGD8PDVDSDWDVHFXQGiULDFRPRWHQGHDVHUDIDVWDGDGRWDPERU




H[HUFH XPD SUHVVmR FRQVLGHUDYHOPHQWH PHQRU GR TXH D H[HUFLGD SHOD VDSDWD
SULPiULD




 
8PDGLVSRVLomRFRPGXDVVDSDWDVSULPiULDVSURSRUFLRQDXPDUHVSRVWDDXPHQWDGD
j SUHVVmR H[HUFLGD VREUH R SHGDO GHYLGR DR HIHLWR GH UHIRUoR (VWH VLVWHPD p
QRUPDOPHQWH XWLOL]DGR QDV URGDV GLDQWHLUDV GHYLGR DR H[FHVVR GH SHVR H[HUFLGR
VREUH D SDUWH DQWHULRU GXUDQWH D IUHQDJHP H DR IDWR GH VHU PHQRV SURYiYHO D
EORFDJHPHFRQVHTHQWHGHUUDSDJHPGDVURGDV
2 VLVWHPD GH GXDV VDSDWDV SULPiULDV QmR p FRQYHQLHQWH SDUD RV IUHLRV GDV URGDV
WUDVHLUDV±jVTXDLVVHDSOLFDRIUHLRGHPmRSRLVVHULDLQVXILFLHQWHSDUDHYLWDUR
GHVOL]H GR DXWRPyYHO TXDQGR HVWDFLRQDGR QXPD VXELGD HP PDUFKD Up DV VDSDWDV
SULPiULDVDWXDULDPFRPVHFXQGiULDV
8P VLVWHPD FRP XPD VDSDWD SULPiULD H XPD VHFXQGiULD RIHUHFH XPD VROXomR
PHOKRUHPDLVHFRQ{PLFDSDUDDVURGDVWUDVHLUDVMiTXHDVXDHILFiFLDpDPHVPD
HPPDUFKDjIUHQWHRXQDUp
1XP RXWUR VLVWHPD GHQRPLQDGR IUHLR GXRVHUYR D VDSDWD SULPiULD DUWLFXODVH QD
VHFXQGiULD 4XDQGR D VDSDWD SULPiULD p IRUoDGD GH HQFRQWUR DR WDPERU SHOD




SUHVVmRKLGUiXOLFDRDUUDVWDPHQWRUHVXOWDQWHGDURWDomRGHVWHpWUDQVIHULGRSDUDD
VDSDWDVHFXQGiULDTXHpDSHUWDGDFRQWUDRWDPERU
5HYHVWLPHQWRVJXDUQLo}HV RX ORQDV ± 2V UHYHVWLPHQWRVGR IUHLRVmRIL[DGRVSRU
PHLR GH UHELWHV RX FRODGRV jV VDSDWDV DSyV R TXH D VXD VXSHUItFLH GH WUDEDOKR p
UHWLILFDGD DWp DRV OLPLWHV DGHTXDGRV 6mR IDEULFDGRV GRLV WLSRV GH UHYHVWLPHQWR
WHFLGRVHPROGDGRV
$PERV FRQWpP PDWHULDLV VHPHOKDQWHV HQWUH RV TXDLV VH LQFOXL R DPLDQWR VHQGR
FRQWXGRGLIHUHQWHRVHXSURFHVVRGHIDEULFDomR2VPROGDGRVVmRPDLVXWLOL]DGRV


2V DXWRPyYHLV FXMDV URGDV GD IUHQWH HVWmR HTXLSDGDV FRP IUHLRV GH GLVFR TXH
GLVSHQVDP UHJXODJHP DSUHVHQWDP FRP IUHTXrQFLD DWUiV IUHLRV GH WDPERU DXWR
UHJXOiYHLVTXHSHUPLWHPjVORQDVPDQWHUVHDPHVPDGLVWkQFLDGRWDPERUTXDQGR
RVIUHLRVQmRVmRDSOLFDGRV1XPGRVVLVWHPDVXPD URGDGHFUHPDOKHLUDFRQVWLWXL
XP GLVSRVLWLYR GH UHJXODJHP XP OLQJXHWH OLJDGR j DODYDQFD GR IUHLR GH PmR
HQJDWD QD URGD GH FUHPDOKHLUD 4XDQGR VH DSOLFD R IUHLR GH PmR DV VDSDWDV
DIDVWDPVH H R OLQJXHWH GHVOL]D VREUH XP GRV GHQWHV GD FUHPDOKHLUD 6H DV ORQDV
HVWLYHUHPJDVWDVROLQJXHWHHQJDWDUiQRGHQWHVHJXLQWH
4XDQGRVHVROWDRIUHLRGHPmRROLQJXHWHYROWDjSRVLomRRULJLQDOID]HQGRJLUDUD
URGDFUHPDOKHLUDTXHUHDOL]DDUHJXODJHP

Disco
8P IUHLR GH GLVFR FRQVLVWH QXP GLVFR PDFLoR GH IHUUR IXQGLGR TXH URGD VROLGiULR
FRPDURGDGRDXWRPyYHO8PDSDUWHGRGLVFRpHQYROYLGDSRUXPDFDL[DHPIRUPD
GH 8 ± D SLQoD ± TXH FRQWpP FLOLQGURV H SLVW}HV OLJDo}HV SRU WXERV DR FLUFXLWR
KLGUiXOLFRHSDVWLOKDVGHIULFomRTXHDSHUWDPRGLVFRSDUDDEUDQGDUDYHORFLGDGHGR
DXWRPyYHORXGHWrOR
$QpLV YHGDGRUHV GH ERUUDFKD HYLWDP D HQWUDGD GH SRHLUD H XPLGDGH QRV FLOLQGURV
RQGHVHDORMDPRVSLVW}HV&RPRDSHQDVXPDSDUWHGRGLVFRpFREHUWDSHODSLQoDR
GLVFR p PDLV IDFLOPHQWH DUUHIHFLGR SHOR DU GR TXH R WDPERU GH XP IUHLR VHQGR D
iJXD WDPEpP PDLV UDSLGDPHQWH H[SHOLGD 8PD FKDSD SURWHJH D ODPD D IDFH
LQWHULRUGRGLVFRQmRFREHUWDSHODSLQoDFKDPDGDGHHVSHOKR
4XDQGR VH SLVD QR SHGDO GR IUHLR D SUHVVmR KLGUiXOLFD REULJD RV SLVW}HV D
GHVORFDUHPVH SDUD IRUD GRV FLOLQGURV H D FRPSULPLU DV SDVWLOKDV GH HQFRQWUR jV
IDFHVOLVDVGRGLVFR
2GLVFRH[SDQGHVHFRPRFDORUPDVHPYH]GHVHDIDVWDUGDVSDVWLOKDVFRPRR
WDPERU VH DIDVWD GDV VDSDWDV VH DSUR[LPD 2V FDOoRV HVSDoDGRUHV ± GHOJDGRV



FKDSDV GH PHWDO FXMRV UHERUGRV DWXDP FRPR PRODV ± DMXGDP D PDQWHU ILUPHV DV
SDVWLOKDVWRUQDQGRRVLVWHPDPDLVVLOHQFLRVR
$VSDVWLOKDVVmRYLVtYHLVDWUDYpVGHXPDDEHUWXUDH[LVWHQWHQDSLQoDHSRGHPVHU
IDFLOPHQWH VXEVWLWXtGDV TXDQGR JDVWDV &DGD SDVWLOKD p VHJXUDSRU GXDVKDVWHV GH
UHWHQomRRXFDYLOKDVTXHSDVVDPDWUDYpVGHIXURVH[LVWHQWHVQDSLQoDQRVSUDWRV
PHWiOLFRVHQRVFDOoRVHVSDoDGRUHV $VFDYLOKDVVmRVHJXUDVSRUIUHLRGHPROD $V
SDVWLOKDV GR IUHLR D GLVFR ± IDEULFDGDV FRP XP FRPSRVWR GH PDWHULDLV
H[WUHPDPHQWH UHVLVWHQWHV  RQGH HVWmR FRORFDGDV D XPD FKDSD GH DoR HVWDV
FKDSDVUHFHEHPDUHDomRDRHVIRUoRGHWUDYDJHP$VSDVWLOKDVWrPQRUPDOPHQWH
D IRUPD GH XP VHJPHQWR GH FRURD FLUFXODU SRGHQGR FRQWXGR VHU TXDGUDGDV
UHWDQJXODUHVRXRYDLV




 



'LVFRVYHQWLODGRVPDQWrPDVSDVWLOKDVDUUHIHFLGDV

2VIUHLRVGHGLVFRVVmRPHQRVVXVFHSWtYHLVDRVHIHLWRVGRFDORUGRTXHRVIUHLRVGH
WDPERUMiTXHQDPDLRULDGRVDXWRPyYHLVVmRGHYLGDPHQWHYHQWLODGRVSHORDUTXH
RVHQYROYH

1R HQWDQWR QRV YHtFXORV GH
FRPSHWLo}HVHGHHOHYDGDSRWrQFLDHP
TXH DV WHPSHUDWXUDV JHUDGDV VmR
PXLWR HOHYDGDV RV GLVFRV QHFHVVLWDP
GHXPDYHQWLODomRDGLFLRQDODILPGHVH
PDQWHUHPDUUHIHFLGRVHSDUDDXPHQWDU
D VXD iUHDH IDFLOLWDUR UHVIULDPHQWR R
GLVFR SRGHVHUIXQGLGR VRED IRUPD GH
GRLVSUDWRVPHWiOLFRVHPYH]GHXPVy
SUDWR HVSHVVR OLJDGRV HP IRUPD D
SHUPLWLU XPD HILFD] FLUFXODomR GR DU
HQWUH RV GLVFRV H FRQVHTHQWH
HVIULDPHQWRUiSLGRGRVSUDWRV








Pinça oscilante
8PIUHLRGHGLVFRFRQVLVWHHVVHQFLDOPHQWHQXPGLVFRTXH URGDQR LQWHULRUGH XPD
FDL[D HP IRUPD GH 8 ± D SLQoD ± H GXDV SDVWLOKDV GH IULFomR $ SLQoD HVWi IL[D D
XPD SDUWH QmR URWDWLYD GR DXWRPyYHO H DV SDVWLOKDV PRQWDGDV QD SLQoD HVWmR
FRORFDGDVXPDGHFDGDODGRGRGLVFR4XDQGRRPRWRULVWDSLVDQRSHGDOGRIUHLRD
SUHVVmR GR IOXtGR LPSHOH DV SDVWLOKDV XPD GH HQFRQWUR j RXWUD SHOR TXH R GLVFR
GLPLQXLGHYHORFLGDGH
([LVWHPDLQGDVLVWHPDVPDLVVLPSOHVGHIUHLRGHGLVFRFXMDSLQoDSRGHVHUPRQWDGD
QXPDDUWLFXODomRTXH OKHSHUPLWHRVFLODURXSRGHGHVOL]DUGHQWURGH GHWHUPLQDGRV
OLPLWHV1HVWHVVLVWHPDVDSHQDVXPDGDVSDVWLOKDVpDFLRQDGDGLUHWDPHQWHSRUXP
SLVWmRKLGUiXOLFRVHQGRDRXWUDDSOLFDGDSHORPRYLPHQWRGDSUySULDSLQoD
1XPIUHLR/RFNKHHGGHSLQoDRVFLODQWHDSUHVVmRGRIOXtGRTXDQGRDFLRQDR~QLFR
SLVWmRRULJLQDXPDSUHVVmRLJXDOHRSRVWDQDH[WUHPLGDGHIHFKDGDGRFLOLQGUR(P
FRQVHTrQFLD D SLQoD p GHVORFDGD QR VHQWLGR RSRVWR DR GR PRYLPHQWR GR SLVWmR
SHORTXHRGLVFRILFDDSHUWDGRHQWUHDVGXDVSDVWLOKDV
2IUHLR*LUOLQJGHSLQoDRVFLODQWHSHUPLWHREWHUXPUHVXOWDGRVHPHOKDQWHXWLOL]DQGR
XP Vy SLVWmR SDUD DFLRQDU XPD GDV SDVWLOKDV SRU PHLR GH XPD DODYDQFD TXH VH
DSyLD QDSLQoD $ UHDomR QR SRQWR GD DODYDQFD ID]PRYHUD SLQoDH DWXDU D RXWUD
SDVWLOKD




Pinça deslizante
2 IUHLR GH GLVFR *LUOLQJ GH SLQoD GHVOL]DQWH p DFLRQDGR SRU GRLV SLVW}HV TXH
IXQFLRQDPQXPVyFLOLQGUR2IOXtGRVRESUHVVmRDWXDHQWUHGRLVSLVW}HVIRUoDQGR
RV D DIDVWDUVH XP GR RXWUR 8P SLVWmR DSOLFD XPD SDVWLOKD DR GLVFR DWUDYpV GH
DomRGLUHWDHQTXDQWRRRXWURSLVWmRREULJDDSLQoDDGHVORFDUVHQRVHQWLGRRSRVWR
HDDWXDUDRXWUDSDVWLOKD


3LQoDGHTXDWURSLVW}HV±$SUHVHQWDGRLVFLOLQGURVFDGDTXDOFRPXPVySLVWmR2
IOXtGRTXHDFLRQDRVSLVW}HVpHQYLDGRGLUHWDPHQWHSDUDXPGRVFLOLQGURVSDVVDQGR



HPVHJXLGDSDUDRXWURDWUDYpVGHXPWXERGHOLJDomR(PRXWURVVLVWHPDVRIOXtGR
SHQHWUDVLPXOWDQHDPHQWHQRVGRLVFLOLQGURVDWUDYpVGHXPDSDVVDJHPH[LVWHQWHQR
FRUSRGDSLQoD
2VSLVW}HVFRQWLGRVQDSLQoDGHXPIUHLRGHGLVFRVmRGHDoRHUHYHVWLGRVQDVXD
VXSHUItFLH FLOtQGULFD H[WHULRU SRU XP PDWHULDO UHVLVWHQWH DR GHVJDVWH H j FRUURVmR
3DUD OLPLWDU D TXDQWLGDGH GH FDORU WUDQVPLWLGR GR GLVFR SDUD R IOXtGR RV SLVW}HV
DSUHVHQWDP D IRUPD GH WDoD ILFDQGR D H[WUHPLGDGH DEHUWD HP FRQWDWR FRP D
FKDSDGHDoRGHVXSRUWHGDVSDVWLOKDV
$ GLVSRVLomR HP TXH D SLQoD FRQWpP TXDWUR SLVW}HV SHTXHQRV FRORFDGRV GRLV GH
FDGDODGRGRGLVFRpDPDLVHILFD]MiTXHSHUPLWHDXWLOL]DomRGHSDVWLOKDVJUDQGHV
UHVXOWDQGRQXPDPDLRUVXSHUItFLHGHIUHQDJHP

De estacionamento
2IUHLRGHPmRpQRUPDOPHQWHDSOLFDGRVRPHQWHGHSRLVGRPRWRULVWDWHUSDUDGRR
DXWRPyYHO 3RGH WDPEpP VHU XWLOL]DGR FRP IUHLR GH HPHUJrQFLD SDUD GHWHU R
DXWRPyYHOHPFDVRGHIDOKDGRVLVWHPDGHIUHLRGHSp
e REULJDWyULR SRU OHL XWLOL]DU R IUHLR GH PmR TXDQGR R YHtFXOR HVWLYHU HVWDFLRQDGR
1HJOLJHQFLDUDUHJXODJHPGRIUHLRGHPmRpPXLWRSHULJRVRSRLVID]FRUUHURULVFR
GHVWHIDOKDUHQmRFRQVHJXLUWUDYDUXPDXWRPyYHOHVWDFLRQDGRQXPDVXELGD
2 OHQWR GHVSUHQGHU GR IUHLR GH PmR H R VXDYH DIURX[DU GR SHGDO GH HPEUHDJHP
HQTXDQWR VH FDOoD R DFHOHUDGRU FRQVWLWXHP XP SRQWR HVVHQFLDO QD WpFQLFD GH
DUUDQTXHQXPDVXELGD
$ DODYDQFD GR IUHLR GH PmR SRGH DWXDU VREUH XP ~QLFR FDER OLJDGR D XPD SHoD
DUWLFXODGDHPIRUPDGH7SDUDWUDQVPLWLURHVIRUoRFRPLJXDOLQWHQVLGDGHDRVGRLV
IUHLRV GH WUiV RX VREUH GRLV FDERV FDGD XP GRV TXDLV OLJDGR DR IUHLR GH WUiV GH
FDGD URGD 4XDQGR VmR XWLOL]DGRV IUHLRV GH GLVFR QDV URGDV WUDVHLUDV H[LVWHP SRU
YH]HV GRLV SDUHV GH SDVWLOKDV VREUH R GLVFR VHQGR XP GHOHV DFLRQDGR
KLGUDXOLFDPHQWHSHORSHGDOHRRXWURPHFDQLFDPHQWHSRUXPH[FrQWULFRFRPDQGDGR
SHORVFDERVGRIUHLRGHPmR


8P GRV WLSRV GH IUHLRV GH GLVFR GH SLQoD RVFLODQWH SRGH VHU DGDSWDGR SDUD
IXQFLRQDUFRPRDOWHUQDWLYDDFLRQDGRSRUPHLRGDDODYDQFDGRIUHLRGHPmR1HVWH
WLSRGHIUHLR*LUOLQJH[LVWHDSHQDVXPSDUGHSDVWLOKDVDFLRQDGDVSRUPHLRGHXPD
DODYDQFDPRYLGDTXHUSRUXPSLVWmRKLGUiXOLFRTXHUSRUXPFRPDQGRPHFkQLFR
(P RXWURV FDVRV D DODYDQFD GR IUHLR GH PmR DWXD VREUH SHTXHQRV IUHLRV GH
WDPERULQFRUSRUDGRVQRVIUHLRVGHGLVFRVWUDVHLURV




 


$ DODYDQFDGR IUHLR GH PmR DSUHVHQWD XPGLVSRVLWLYR GHVHUULOKD H p DFLRQDGD SRU
PHLR GH XP ERWmR VRE WHQVmR GH XPD PROD SHUPLWLQGR DR PRWRULVWD HVFROKHU D
SRVLomRPDLVDGHTXDGDGDDODYDQFDSDUDREWHURDSHUWRQHFHVViULR$DODYDQFDGR
IUHLR HQFRQWUDVH QRUPDOPHQWH j GLUHLWD GR PRWRULVWD HQWUH RV GRLV EDQFRV GD
IUHQWH &RPR DOWHUQDWLYD VLWXDVHSRU YH]HVVRER SDLQHO H FRP RVHXPHFDQLVPR
GHGLVSDURLQFRUSRUDGRQRSXQKR(DLQGDHPRXWURVSURMHWRVSRGHVHHQFRQWUDUQD
IRUPD GH SHGDO GR ODGR HVTXHUGR H FRP PHFDQLVPR GH GLVSDUR HP IRUPD GH
SHTXHQDDODYDQFDHQFRQWUDGDDFLPDGRSHGDO
([LVWHP DOJXQV YHtFXORV HP TXH R SHGDO VH GHVWUDYD DXWRPDWLFDPHQWH DSyV R
HQJDWHGDWUDQVPLVVmRDXWRPiWLFDLVWRVHGiJUDoDVDXPVHOHWRUGHYiFXRTXHVH
HQFRQWUDQDDODYDQFDGHHQJDWHGDWUDQVPLVVmRHXPDYiOYXODDWLYDGRUDGHYiFXR
TXHID]RGHVWUDYDPHQWRGRVGHQWHV

Hidrovácuo
8P VHUYR PHFDQLVPR PRQWDGR QR
VLVWHPDGHIUHLRVUHGX]RHVIRUoRItVLFR
H[LJLGR DR PRWRULVWD SDUD FDUUHJDU QR
SHGDO GRV IUHLRV &RQVLVWH QXP VHUYR
FLOLQGURRQGHVHHQFRQWUDXPSLVWmRRX
GLDIUDJPD 4XDQGR R DU p H[WUDtGR GH
XPD GDV H[WUHPLGDGHV GR FLOLQGUR H D
SUHVVmR DWPRVIpULFD p DGPLWLGD QD
RXWUDDGLIHUHQoDHQWUHDVSUHVV}HVGR
GRLV ODGRVGRSLVWmR RXGRGLDIUDJPD
SRGH VHU XWLOL]DGD SDUD IDFLOLWDU D
DSOLFDomR GRV IUHLRV FRPR
FRPSOHPHQWR GD IRUoD ItVLFD H[HUFLGD
SHORPRWRULVWDVREUHRSHGDOGHIUHLR




7RGRVRVVLVWHPDV VHUYR DVVLVWLGRV VmR DFLRQDGRVSHOR PRWRU 2WLSR PDLVFRPXP
GHVWHV VLVWHPDV XWLOL]D R YiFXR SDUFLDO FULDGR QR FROHWRU GH DGPLVVmR RXWURV
XWLOL]DPXPDERPEDGHYiFXRLQGHSHQGHQWH
1XPVLVWHPDVLPSOHVRPRWRUDVSLUDDUGHDPERVRVODGRVGHXPGLDIUDJPDRXGR
SLVWmRSULQFLSDORTXDOpPDQWLGRHPHVWDGRGHHTXLOtEULRDWpVHUDSOLFDGRRSHGDO
GH IUHLR (P FRQVHTXrQFLD D SUHVVmR DWPRVIpULFD p DGPLWLGD GH XP GRV ODGRV
HQTXDQWR QR RXWUR SHUPDQHFH XP YiFXR SDUFLDO SHOR TXH R GLDIUDJPD VH PRYH
H[HUFHQGRSUHVVmRVREUHXPSLVWmRVHUYR(VVDSUHVVmRUHIRUoDDIRUoDDSOLFDGDSHOR
PRWRULVWD


)UHLRVHPUHSRXVR±2YiFXRSDUFLDOQRFROHWRUGHDGPLVVmRDVSLUDRDUGHDPERV
RVODGRVGRSLVWmRSULQFLSDOTXHpHQWmRPDQWLGRHPSRVLomRJUDoDVjVXDPRODGH
UHWRUQR$YiOYXODSHUPDQHFHIHFKDGDPDQWHQGRDSUHVVmREDL[D
3UHVVmR PRGHUDGD ± 2 yOHR OHYDQWD D YiOYXOD GH FRQWUROH GH DU SHUPLWLQGR
DGPLVVmRGRDUTXHYDLH[HUFHUSUHVVmRDWPRVIpULFDVREUHXPGRVODGRVGRSLVWmR
SULQFLSDORTXDODWUDQVPLWHDXPSLVWmRKLGUiXOLFRVXSOHPHQWDUGHQRPLQDGRSLVWmR
VHUYR
0i[LPD SUHVVmR ± 8PD PDLRU TXDQWLGDGH GH DU SDVVD SHOD YiOYXOD GH FRQWUROH GH
DU DXPHQWDQGR D SUHVVmR H[HUFLGD VREUH XP GRV ODGRV GR SLVWmR SULQFLSDO (VWH
GHVORFDVHHLPSHOHRSLVWmRVHUYRTXHDSOLFDDSUHVVmRPi[LPDDRVIUHLRV














Aros


1mR p VXILFLHQWH TXH XPD URGD VHMD FLUFXODU HOD GHYH VHU UHVLVWHQWH OHYH EHP
HTXLOLEUDGD HOiVWLFD VRE D DomR GH GHWHUPLQDGDV IRUoDV H UtJLGD VRE D DomR GH
RXWUDV H DLQGD GH IDEULFDomR HFRQ{PLFD 2V WUrV WLSRV GH URGDV DWXDOPHQWH
XWLOL]DGRV±URGDVGHGLVFRGHDoRSUHQVDGRURGDVGHUDLRGHDUDPHGHDoRHURGDV
IXQGLGDV HP OLJDV OHYHV ± SUHHQFKHP WRGRV RV UHTXLVLWRV LQGLFDGRV DSHVDU GRV
FXVWRVGDSURGXomRGRVGRLV~OWLPRVWLSRVVHUHPPDLVHOHYDGRV
'HVGHRDSDUHFLPHQWRGRVSULPHLURVDXWRPyYHLVRVWLSRVGHURGDVVXERUGLQDPVH
jV QHFHVVLGDGHV GH OHYH]D UHVLVWrQFLD H EDL[R FXVWR GH SURGXomR R SULPHLUR
JUDQGH SDVVR QR VHQWLGR GH DOFDQoDU HVWHV REMHWLYRV IRL GDGR QR LQtFLR GR VpFXOR
SDVVDGR FRP R DSDUHFLPHQWR GD URGD WRWDOPHQWH PHWiOLFD ± R TXH SHUPLWLX D VXD
SURGXomRHPPDVVD±HGRSQHX
2 DUR GD URGD SHUPLWH PRQWDU H GHVPRQWDU R SQHX 6H R WDOmR GR SQHX IRU
HPSXUUDGR SDUD EDL[R QXP GHWHUPLQDGR SRQWR GR DUR GD URGD D SDUWH
GLDPHWUDOPHQWH RSRVWD SRGH VHU UHWLUDGD SRU FLPD GD ERUGD GHVWH VHP JUDQGH
GLILFXOGDGH $ ODUJXUD GR DUR GD URGD FRQVWLWXL XP IDWRU LPSRUWDQWH QDV
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GH FRQGXomR GH XP DXWRPyYHO 8P DUR GHPDVLDGR HVWUHLWR HP
UHODomRjODUJXUDGRSQHX RULJLQDXPDGLVWRUomRODWHUDOGHVWHTXDQGRRDXWRPyYHO
ID] XPD FXUYD D JUDQGH YHORFLGDGH 3RU RXWUR ODGR DURV GH URGDV GHPDVLDGR
ODUJRVHPDXWRPyYHLVGHVpULHWrPWHQGrQFLDVDRULJLQDUXPDFRQGXomRLQFRPRGD
SHOR IDWR GH DV SDUHGHV ODWHUDLV GR SQHX QmR DSUHVHQWDUHP FXUYDWXUD VXILFLHQWH
SDUD SHUPLWLU D IOH[mR
GHVWH DR URODU VREUH DV
LUUHJXODULGDGHV GR
SDYLPHQWR

$WXDOPHQWH RV YHtFXORV
SRVVXHP QD VXD PDLRULD
URGDV GH DoR SUHQVDGR
(VWDV VmR OHYHV IRUWHV
UtJLGDV UHVLVWHQWHV D
GDQRV RFDVLRQDLV H IiFHLV
GH IDEULFDU HP JUDQGH
TXDQWLGDGH H GH EDL[R
FXVWR (VWDV URGDV GHYHP
VHU EDVWDQWH SHUIXUDGDV
SDUD SHUPLWLUHP D
SDVVDJHP GR DU GH



UHVIULDPHQWRV GRV IUHLRV R TXH FRQVWLWXtD RXWURUD XPD GHVYDQWDJHP Mi TXH D
SHUIXUDomRGHXPGLVFRSRGHHQIUDTXHFrOR
8WLOL]DQGR XPD WpFQLFD OLJHLUDPHQWH PDLV GLVSHQGLRVD RV IDEULFDQWHV DWXDLV
FRQVHJXLUDPWUDQVIRUPDUHVWDGHVYDQWDJHPHPYDQWDJHP1HVWHVHQWLGRRVIXURV
VmR DEHUWRV GH PDQHLUD TXH DV VXDV DUHVWDV ILTXHP OLJHLUDPHQWH YROWDGDV SDUD R
LQWHULRURTXHDXPHQWDDUHVLVWrQFLDGDURGD
2 WLSR GH URGD PDLV DQWLJR H DLQGD KRMH XWLOL]DGR SULQFLSDOPHQWH HP DOJXQV
DXWRPyYHLV HVSRUWLYR DSUHVHQWD UDLRV TXH D WRUQDP QXP PRGHOR OHYH H PXLWR
UHVLVWHQWH 1HVWH WLSR GH URGD DV FDUJDV VXSRUWDGDV S{U HVWD VmR WUDQVPLWLGDV GR
DURGDURGDSDUDRFXERS{UUDLRVGHDUDPHGHDoRPDLVUHVLVWHQWHVjWUDomRTXHD
FRPSUHVVmR
&RPR FDGD UDLR p SRXFR UHVLVWHQWH DRV HVIRUoRV GH IOH[mR RV UDLRV WrP GH VHU
GLVSRVWRV VHJXQGR XP SDGUmR FRPSOH[R HQWUH FUX]DQGRVH HP WUrV SODQRV (VWD
GLVSRVLomRDVVHJXUDDWUDQVIRUPDomRHPHVIRUoRVGHWUDomRGHWRGRVRVFRPSOH[RV
HVIRUoRVDSOLFDGRVHPXPDURGDHDGLVWULEXLomRXQLIRUPHGHVWHVHVIRUoRV
$ FRORFDomR GRV UDLRV FRQVWLWXL XP WUDEDOKR HVSHFLDOL]DGR 8PD GDV H[WUHPLGDGHV
GHFDGDUDLRpIL[DGDDRFXER HQTXDQWRDRXWUDpLQWURGX]LGDDWUDYpVGHXP IXUR
H[LVWHQWH QD URGD 8PD SRUFD GH RUHOKDV D EXFKD HQURVFDGD QHVWD ~OWLPD
H[WUHPLGDGHPDQWpPRUDLRGHYLGDPHQWHHVWLFDGR6HRVUDLRVILFDUHPGHPDVLDGRV
IURX[RVRXWHQVRVDURGDUHODWLYDPHQWHIUiJLOVRIUHUiGLVWRUo}HV
1XPDURGDGHUDLRVDVSHUIXUDo}HVGHVWDVQmRSHUPLWHPDXWLOL]DomRGHSQHXVVHP
FkPDUDGHDURVTXDLVH[LJHPURGDVTXHYHGHPFRPSOHWDPHQWHRDU$XWLOL]DomR
GH URGDV GH UDLRV GH IDEULFDomR GLVSHQGLRVD MXVWLILFDYDVH DSHQDV TXDQGR DV
DOWHUQDWLYDVSDUDHVWHPRGHORQmRRIHUHFLDPDVPHVPDVTXDOLGDGHVGHUHVLVWrQFLDH
OHYH]D
8PDURGDGHUDLRVpPRQWDGDGDPHVPDIRUPDTXHXPDURGDGHGLVFRGHIL[DomR
FHQWUDO $ URGD p IL[DGD DR HL[R SRU PHLR GH XPD JUDQGH SRUFD GH RUHOKDV TXH
SRGHVHUDSHUWDGDRXGHVDSHUWDGDDSOLFDQGRVHOKHXPDSDQFDGDFRPXPPDUWHOR
5HVLVWrQFLDjVWHQV}HVSURYHQLHQWHVGHYiULDVGLUHo}HV±$VURGDVGHXPDXWRPyYHO
HVWmR VXMHLWDV D HQRUPHV FDUJDV H DHVIRUoRV FRQVLGHUiYHLVPHVPR HPFRQGLo}HV
QRUPDLVGHXWLOL]DomR7rPGHVXSRUWDURSHVRGRYHtFXORHRVHVIRUoRVDTXHHVWHp
VXMHLWR TXDQGR DFHOHUD IUHLD RX ID] XPD FXUYD HVIRUoRV HVWHV IUHTXHQWHPHQWH
FRPELQDGRV 2 FRPDQGR GD GLUHomR H[LJH URGDV UtJLGDV 1mR Ki GLILFXOGDGH HP
REWHUDQHFHVViULDULJLGH]QXPDURGDIXQGLGDHPOLJDOHYHMiTXHHVWHWLSRGHURGD
DSUHVHQWDQHUYXUDVUDGLDLVGHJUDQGHGLkPHWUR
1XPD URGD GH DoR SUHQVDGR DV QHUYXUDV UDGLDLV DSUHVHQWDP QRUPDOPHQWH XP
IRUPDWR TXDVH F{QLFR D ILP GH SURSRUFLRQDU PDLRU ULJLGH] ODWHUDO 1D URGD
WUDGLFLRQDOGHUDLRVHPTXHHVWHVFRQVWLWXHPD~QLFDOLJDomRHQWUHRFXERHRDUR
GDURGDHVWDQHFHVViULDULJLGH]ODWHUDOREWpPVHXWLOL]DQGRXPFXERGHGLPHQV}HV
UHODWLYDPHQWH JUDQGHV FRP GRLV RX WUrV FRQMXQWRV GH UDLRV FRORFDGRV VHJXQGR
kQJXORV GLIHUHQWHV 2V UDLRV VmR GLVSRVWRV DRV SDUHV H LQFOLQDGRV GH PDQHLUD D
IRUPDUHPFRPRFXERXPDVpULHGHWULkQJXORVUtJLGRVUHVLVWHQWHVjVIRUoDVODWHUDLV
JHUDGDVTXDQGRR DXWRPyYHO ID] XPD FXUYD $ WUDQVIHUrQFLD GH SHVR SDUD WUiV RX
SDUD IUHQWH p DEVRUYLGD SHORV UDLRV TXH DWXDP DOWHUQDGDPHQWH VRE WHQVmR $V
URGDV GH GLVFRV RX IXQGLGDV QXPD OLJD OHYH GHYLGDPHQWH FDOFXODGDV VXSRUWDP
IDFLOPHQWHHVWHVHVIRUoRV
5RGDVGHUDLRV±$VSRUFDVDXWREORFDQWHVHQURVFDPSDUDDHVTXHUGDQDVURGDVGD
GLUHLWD H SDUD D GLUHLWD QDV URGDV GD HVTXHUGD LVWR p HQURVFDP HP VHQWLGR
FRQWUiULRDRGRPRYLPHQWR
5RGD IXQGLGD QXPD OLJD OHYH ± $V URGDV IXQGLGDV QXPD OLJD OHYH WrP YLQGR D VHU
XWLOL]DGDVHPQXPHURVRVDXWRPyYHLVGHFRPSHWLomRGHVGHHQRVRXWURVWLSRV
GH DXWRPyYHLV GHVGH  HPERUD DOJXQV PRGHORV GD %XJDWWL Mi DV
DSUHVHQWDVVHPHP




 
(P YLUWXGHGR VHX PHQRUSHVR DV OLJDV GH DOXPtQLR H PDJQpVLRSHUPLWHP XWLOL]DU
VHo}HVPDLVHVSHVVDVRTXHUHVXOWDQXPDXPHQWRGHULJLGH]$URGDGHOLJDOHYHp
DGHTXDGD SDUD RV DXWRPyYHLV HVSRUWLYRV SHOR IDWR GH SRGHU DSUHVHQWDU XP DUR
PDLVODUJRTXHSHUPLWHDXWLOL]DomRGHSQHXVWDPEpPPDLVODUJRVRTXHIDYRUHFHD
DGHUrQFLD
$V OLJDV OHYHV VmR WDPEpP ERDV FRQGXWRUDV GH FDORU SHOR TXH GLVSHUVDP PDLV
UDSLGDPHQWH TXH R DoR H R FDORU JHUDGR SHORV IUHLRV H SHORV SQHXV $SUHVHQWDP
FRQWXGR R LQFRQYHQLHQWH GH VHUHP DWDFDGDV SHOD VDOLQLGDGH GR DU H GH HVWDUHP
PDLV VXMHLWDV j FRUURVmR 3RU HVVH PRWLYR WRUQDVH QHFHVViULR YHULILFDU
UHJXODUPHQWHRVHXHVWDGRGHFRQVHUYDomR
([LVWHDLQGDRSHULJRGDFRUURVmRHOHWUROtWLFDTXHSRGHRFRUUHUTXDQGRRDoRHQWUD
HP FRQWDWR FRP XPD OLJD OHYH 3DUD LPSHGLU HVWD IRUPD GH FRUURVmR GHYHP VHU
OXEULILFDGRV FRP JUD[D RX FRP YDVHOLQD RV IXURV DWUDYpV GRV TXDLV SDVVDP RV
SDUDIXVRV GH IL[DomR H FDVR VHMDP XWLOL]DGRV FRQWUD SHVRV GH FDOLEUDJHP
EDODQFHDPHQWRGHYHVHUHYLWDGDDVXDIL[DomRFRPJUDPSRVRXSDUDIXVRV




Cubos


2 WLSR PDLV FRPXP GH IL[DomR GD URGD FRQVLVWH HP TXDWUR RX FLQFR SDUDIXVRV
URVFDGRVGLVWULEXtGRVDLJXDOGLVWkQFLD HQWUHVLQXPFtUFXORjYROWDGRFXER(VWHV
SDUDIXVRVSDVVDPDWUDYpVGHIXURVH[LVWHQWHVQDURGDDTXDOpIL[DGDSRUPHLRGH
SRUFDVHQURVFDGDVQRVSDUDIXVRV
2VIXURVDWUDYpVGRVTXDLVSDVVDPRVSDUDIXVRVIRUDPDEHUWRVQRGLVFRGHPRGR
DIRUPDUXPDVHGHF{QLFDTXHDMXGDRFXERDFHQWUDUDURGDFRUUHWDPHQWH$OJXQV
IDEULFDQWHV IRUQHFHP SRUFDV FRP DPERV RV WRSRV F{QLFRV HQTXDQWR RXWURV D
IRUQHFHPFRPXPVyWRSRF{QLFR
$V SRUFDV GHYHP VHU FRORFDGDV GH PDQHLUD TXH RV VHXV WRSRV F{QLFRV VH DMXVWHP
QDVVHGHVF{QLFDVGRVIXURVSRLVFDVRFRQWUiULRDVSRUFDVQmRFHQWUDPDURGDQR
FXERHVWDSRGHUiYLUDVROWDUVHePXLWRSHULJRVRLQYHUWHUDSRVLomRGHXPDURGD
PRQWDQGRD FRP D SDUWH GH GHQWUR SDUD IRUD Mi TXH D SDUWH FHQWUDO GD URGD IRL
SURMHWDGDGHPRGRDHQFDL[DUQRFXERRXQRWDPERUGRIUHLRSURSRUFLRQDQGRXPD
DPSOD ]RQD GH FRQWDWRV HQWUH DV GXDV VXSHUItFLHV ( R DWULWR HQWUH HVWDV TXH
WUDQVPLWHRPRYLPHQWR
$SyV D VXEVWLWXLomR GH XPD URGD GHYHP DSHUWDUVH FRQYHQLHQWHPHQWH DV SRUFDV
SDUD DVVHJXUDU D FRUUHWD IL[DomR GD URGD j IDFH GD IODQJH GR FXER 6HJXQGR XP
SURFHVVR UHFHQWH GH IL[DomR GD URGD HVWD p FHQWUDGD SHOR SUySULR FXER TXH VH
DMXVWD D XP IXUR DEHUWR FRP SUHFLVmR QR FHQWUR GD URGD $VVLP RV SDUDIXVRV
GHVWLQDPVHPDLVDIL[DUDURGDGRTXHDFHQWUiOD
$ IL[DomR FHQWUDO SRU PHLR GH XPD SRUFD TXH SRGH VHU GHVHQURVFDGD FRP XPD
SDQFDGDTXHSRGHVHUDSOLFDGDFRPXPPDUWHORpXWLOL]DGDMiKiPXLWRWHPSRQRV
DXWRPyYHLVGHFRPSHWLomRSDUDIDFLOLWDUDWURFDPDLVUiSLGDGDVURGDV
3DUDFHQWUDUDURGDGHYHPDMXVWDUVHDVVXSHUItFLHVF{QLFDVGRLQWHULRUGDVXDSDUWH
FHQWUDOHGRFXER$VHVWULDVGHVWH~OWLPRDVVHJXUDPDWUDQVPLVVmRGRPRYLPHQWR
RXGDIRUoDGHIUHQDJHP







Pneus
2 SQHX GH XP DXWRPyYHO PRGHUQR FRQVLVWH QXP LQYyOXFUR VHPLWXEXODU GH
ERUUDFKD FKHLR GH DU PRQWDGR HP YROWD GD URGD 3RVVXL XPD FDUFDoD LQWHULRU
UHVLVWHQWH FRP FDERV PHWiOLFRV WDO}HV LQFRUSRUDGRV QD ]RQD GH FRQWDWR FRP D
URGD H SDUHGHV ODWHUDLV IOH[tYHLV GHVWLQDGDV D DEVRUYHU DV FDUJDV TXH OKHV VmR
LPSRVWDV $V UDQKXUDV GD EDQGD GH URGDJHP RX UDVWR IDFLOLWDP D DGHUrQFLD DR
VRORHPYDULDGDVFRQGLo}HVGHURODPHQWR
([LVWHP WUrV WLSRV SULQFLSDLV GH SQHXV FXMD GHQRPLQDomR YDULD FRQIRUPH RV WUrV
SURFHVVRV SULQFLSDLV GH IDEULFDomR GD FDUFDoD GLDJRQDLV FRP ORQDV FUX]DGDV
UDGLDLVHGLDJRQDLVFRPORQDVHVWDELOL]DGRUDVQDEDQGDGHURGDJHP
2VSQHXVDOpPGHFRQWULEXtUHPSDUDRFRQIRUWRGR
YHtFXORMiTXHIXQFLRQDPFRPRXPDDOPRIDGDGH
DU VREUH D TXDO HVWH VH DSyLD WHP GH VXSRUWDU
HVIRUoRV FRQVLGHUiYHLV TXDQGR R DXWRPyYHO
DFHOHUD IUHLD RX ID] XPD FXUYD 8P SQHX GHYHUi
VHU VXILFLHQWHPHQWH UHVLVWHQWH DRV FKRTXHV PDV
WDPEpP VXILFLHQWHPHQWH IOH[tYHO SDUD RV
DPRUWHFHU FRUUHVSRQGHU FRP H[DWLGmR DR
FRPDQGR GD GLUHomR VHP GHIOH[}HV FDXVDGDV SRU
LUUHJXODULGDGHVGRSDYLPHQWRDVVHJXUDUXPDERD
DGHUrQFLD QD WUDomR DFHOHUDomR QDV IUHQDJHQV H
DR ID]HU FXUYDV FRUUHVSRQGHU D WRGRV HVVHV
UHTXLVLWRV HP TXDLVTXHU FRQGLo}HV DWPRVIpULFDV H
VREUH WRGRV RV SDYLPHQWRV PROKDGRV RX VHFRV
VHPVREUHDTXHFHU'HYHWDPEpPDVVHJXUDUXPD
FRQGXomR FRQIRUWiYHO VHU VLOHQFLRVR H 7HU XPD
ORQJD GXUDomR -i TXH XP SQHX QmR SRGHUi
SUHHQFKHU WRWDOPHQWH WRGRV HVWHV UHTXLVLWRV
GHYHUi FRUUHVSRQGHU D XPD VROXomR GH
FRPSURPLVVR HQWUH HOHV $WXDOPHQWH YHULILFDVH
XPD WHQGrQFLD SDUD SURMHWDU D VXVSHQVmR GH
DFRUGRFRPXPGHWHUPLQDGRWLSRGHSQHX
2GHVHQKRGDEDQGDGHURGDJHPYDULDGHDFRUGR
FRP DV VXSHUItFLHV VREUH DV TXDLV RV SQHXV
SURYDYHOPHQWH URODUmR 3RU H[HPSOR XP SQHX
FRP UDQKXUDV SURIXQGDV QR UDVWR LGHDO SDUD D
ODPD VHUi LPSUySULR SDUD FRQGXomR D DOWD
YHORFLGDGHMiTXHRUHYHVWLPHQWRPDLVHVSHVVR±
QHFHVViULRQHVWH~OWLPRFDVR±SURGX]LUiFDORUHP
H[FHVVR R TXH SRGHUi FDXVDU R VHX HVWRXUR DOpP GR VHX UiSLGR H LUUHJXODU
GHVJDVWH
2 FRPSRUWDPHQWR GH XP SQHX QmR GHSHQGH DSHQDV GD VXD FRQFHSomR H GRV
PDWHULDLV XWLOL]DGRV QD VXD IDEULFDomR PDV WDPEpP GD SUHVVmR GR DU 2V
IDEULFDQWHVGHDXWRPyYHLVHGHSQHXVUHFRPHQGDPDVSUHVV}HVDGHTXDGDVSDUDRV
SQHXV GLDQWHLURV H WUDVHLURV YDORUHVTXH GHYHP VHU UHVSHLWDGRV 6H D SUHVVmR IRU
GHPDVLDGR DOWD R FRPSRUWDPHQWR GR SQHX QmR VHUi VDWLVIDWyULR H HVWH VREUH
DTXHFHUi H GHVJDVWDUVHi UDSLGDPHQWH DOpP GH DIHWDU D FRQGXomR $ SUHVVmR
UHFRPHQGDGD DVVHJXUDUi D QHFHVViULD DGHUrQFLD IUDFR DTXHFLPHQWR UHGX]LGR R
DWULWRHHPFRQVHTXrQFLDPHQRUFRQVXPRGHJDVROLQDHXPDPDLRUGXUDELOLGDGH




 
$ GLIHUHQoD HQWUH RV SQHXV FRP H VHP FkPDUD GH DU UHVLGH QR IDWR GRV SULPHLURV
DSUHVHQWDUHP XPD FkPDUD GH DU LQGHSHQGHQWH GH ERUUDFKD HQTXDQWR RV ~OWLPRV
FRQWrPHOHVSUySULRVRDU2SQHXVHPFkPDUDGHDUDSUHVHQWDXPUHYHVWLPHQWRGH
ERUUDFKD PDFLD DGHUHQWH j VXD SDUHGH LQWHULRU H GHVWLQDGR D YHGDU R DU HVWH
UHYHVWLPHQWR WDPEpP VHUYH GH YHGDGRU HQWUH R WDOmR GR SQHX H D URGD 2 SQHX
VHP FkPDUD GH DU DSUHVHQWD XP FHUWR Q~PHUR GH YDQWDJHQV VREUH R SQHX FRP
FkPDUDGHDUpPDLVIiFLOGHPRQWDUTXDQGRIXUDGRHVYD]LDPDLVOHQWDPHQWHSHOR
RIDWRGH RUHYHVWLPHQWRGHERUUDFKDWHU XPHIHLWRDXWRYHGDGRUHDLQGDSHUPLWH
WDSDU WHPSRUDULDPHQWH RV IXURV VHP UHPRYHU D URGD PHGLDQWH D REWXUDomR
GHVWHV FRP XP WDPSmR HVSHFLDO WDFR GH ERUUDFKD 0XLWRV DXWRPyYHLV YrP
HTXLSDGRVFRPSQHXGHVWHWLSR
7LSRV GH ERUUDFKD ± 'XUDQWH PXLWRV DQRV RV SQHXV IRUDP IDEULFDGRV DSHQDV FRP
ERUUDFKD QDWXUDO $WXDOPHQWH SRUpP RV IDEULFDQWHV GH SQHXV QD VXD PDLRULD
SDVVDUDP D XWLOL]DU XPD JDPD GH ERUUDFKDV VLQWpWLFDV $ ERUUDFKD QDWXUDO p
XWLOL]DGDHPDOJXPDVPLVWXUDVHDOpPGLVVRFRQWLQXDDVHURPHOKRUPDWHULDOSDUD
LPSUHJQDomRHUHYHVWLPHQWRGRVPDWHULDLVGHTXHpIHLWDDFDUFDoD
2 EDWDGLHQRHVWLUHQR p R WLSR GH ERUUDFKD VLQWpWLFD PDLV XWLOL]DGR HP SQHXV
3HUPLWH XPD FRQGXomR PDLV VXDYH SHOR IDWR GH UHVVDOWDU PHQRV TXH D ERUUDFKD
QDWXUDO DVVHJXUDQGR XPD ERD DGHUrQFLD SULQFLSDOPHQWH QRV SDYLPHQWRV
PROKDGRV7DPEpPSRVVXLXPDH[FHOHQWHUHVLVWrQFLDDRGHVJDVWHSRUDWULWR
2SROLEXWDGLHQRpPDLVUHVLVWHQWHDRGHVJDVWHHPHQRVVHQVtYHOjVWHPSHUDWXUDVGR
TXH RXWURV SURGXWRV VLQWpWLFRV SRUpP TXDQGR SUHVHQWH HP JUDQGH TXDQWLGDGH
QXPD PLVWXUD ID] FRP TXH RV SQHXV ³FKLHP´ TXDQGR R SDYLPHQWR HVWi HQ[XWR H
GHUUDSHP TXDQGR HVWi PROKDGR 2XWURV PDWHULDLV VLQWpWLFRV VmR XWLOL]DGRV HP
SHTXHQDV SRUFHQWDJHQV 1R HQWDQWR VHMD TXDO IRU D PLVWXUD HVWD GHYH FRQWHU
RXWURV DGLWLYRV LQFOXLQGR yOHR QHJUR GH FDUYmR H HQ[RIUH 2 yOHR DXPHQWD D
DGHUrQFLDHPERUDjFXVWDGHXPGHVJDVWHPDLVUiSLGRGRSQHXRQHJURGHFDUYmR
DXPHQWD D UHVLVWrQFLD DR GHVJDVWH S{U DWULWR H R HQ[RIUH DWXD FRPR DJHQWH
YXOFDQL]DGRU
$ IRUPD GRV SQHXV ± $WXDOPHQWH  RV SQHXV WHQGHP D DSUHVHQWDU XP SHUILO PDLV
ODUJRHPDLVEDL[RUHVXOWDQWHGDUHGXomRGDGLVWkQFLDHQWUHDEDQGDGHURGDJHPH
DURGDHRDXPHQWRGDODUJXUDGRSQHX
$UHODomRHQWUHDDOWXUDHDODUJXUDGHXPSQHXVpULHH[SUHVVDVHJHUDOPHQWHHP
SRUFHQWDJHP 8P SQHX FRP  FP GD EDQGD GH URGDJHP j URGD H  FP GH
ODUJXUDSHUWHQFHjVpULHRTXHVLJQLILFDTXHDSRUFHQWDJHPHQWUHDODUJXUDHD
DOWXUDp1RVSULPHLURVSQHXVHPTXHDDOWXUDHUDLJXDOjODUJXUDDUHODomR
HUD GH  3RVWHULRUPHQWH GHVFREULXVH TXH XP SQHX VH FRPSRUWDYD PHOKRU
TXDQGR PRQWDGR QXPD URGD PDLV ODUJD R TXH REULJDYD D DXPHQWDU D ODUJXUD
GDTXHOH




6HJXLGDPHQWH IRL DXPHQWDGD D ODUJXUD GRV SQHXV VHP DXPHQWDU D VXD DOWXUD R
TXH SHUPLWLD XPD PHOKRU DGHUrQFLD DR SDYLPHQWR XP PHOKRU FRPSRUWDPHQWR D
DOWD YHORFLGDGH H QDV FXUYDV XPD PHOKRU FDSDFLGDGH SDUD VXSRUWDU DV FDUJDV H
XPDPDLRUGXUDomR$WXDOPHQWHRVSQHXVGRVDXWRPyYHLVGHVpULHVmRDLQGDPDLV
ODUJRVHPDLVEDL[RV2V~OWLPRVWLSRVGHSQHXVUDGLDLVSDUDDXWRPyYHLVGHSDVVHLR
DSUHVHQWDPXPDUHODomRHQWUHDVXDODUJXUDHDVXDDOWXUDGH(PDXWRPyYHLV
GHFRPSHWLomRDUHODomRSRGHVHUPXLWRLQIHULRU

Diagonal




 
2V SQHXV GLDJRQDLV RX GH ORQDV FUX]DGDV  R WLSR FRQYHQFLRQDO GH SQHXV  
DSUHVHQWDPXPDFDUFDoDFRQVWLWXtGDSRUGXDVRXPDLVORQDVRXFDPDGDGHWHOD$
VXD GHVLJQDomR GHULYD GR IDWR GH D SULQFLSLR RV VHXV ILRV VHUHP WUDQVYHUVDLV HP
UHODomR DRSQHXHIRUPDUHPkQJXORVUHWRVFRPDGLUHomRGHURWDomR(VWHWLSRGH
SQHXSURSRUFLRQDYDFRQIRUWRPDVSURYRFDYDHIHLWRVVHFXQGiULRVQDGLUHomR
'HVFREULXVHSRVWHULRUPHQWHTXHGLVSRQGRRVILRVSDUDOHORVjGLUHomRGDURWDomRD
HVWDELOLGDGH GLUHFLRQDO DXPHQWDYD HP GHWULPHQWR GR FRQIRUWR &RPR RV SQHXV



GHYHPSURSRUFLRQDUFRQIRUWRIDFLOLWDUDFRQGXomRHVXSRUWDURVGLIHUHQWHVHVIRUoRV
TXH OKHV VmR LPSRVWRV TXDQGR R DXWRPyYHO DFHOHUD IUHLD RX ID] XPD FXUYD
WRUQDYDVHLPSHULRVRGHVFREULUXPDVROXomRVDWLVIDWyULD
$VORQDVIRUDPVREUHSRVWDVVHJXQGR XPkQJXORTXHSHUPLWLVVHDRVILRVGLVSRUHP
VH WUDQVYHUVDO H GLDJRQDOPHQWH XQV VREUH RV RXWURV IRUPDQGR XP HQWUHODoDGR
$VVLP DV FDPDGDV PDQWLQKDP D VXD UHVLVWrQFLD PHVPR TXDQGR VROLFLWDGDV HP
YiULDVGLUHo}HVDTXDQGRGRURODPHQWRGRSQHX
'XUDQWHPXLWRVDQRVRVILRVIRUDPSRVWRVVHJXQGRXPkQJXORGHž(VWHkQJXOR
SRUpP IRL DWXDOPHQWH UHGX]LGR SDUD ž H PHQRV DLQGD HP DOJXQV SQHXV
GHVWLQDGRV D DOWDV YHORFLGDGHV $WXDOPHQWH DOJXQV SQHXV GLDJRQDLV VmR IDEULFDGRV
GHPRGRDDSUHVHQWDUHPTXDQGRYD]LRVXPDEDQGDGHURGDJHPFRQYH[DPROGH
FRP EDQGD GH URGDJHP FRQYH[D (VWD WRUQDVH SODQD TXDQGR R SQHX p LQVXIODGR
GH DU GH PDQHLUD D SHUPLWLU XPD SUHVVmR XQLIRUPH GREUH WRGD D iUHD GH FRQWDWR
FRPDIDL[DGHURGDJHP
$OpP GR UHYHVWLPHQWR LQWHULRU R SQHX DSUHVHQWD YiULDV WLUDV H PDWHULDLV GH
HQFKLPHQWRSDUDUHIRUoRGDFDUFDoD$UHVLVWrQFLDGHXPSQHXHDVXDFDSDFLGDGH
GHFDUJDHUDPRXWURUDLQGLFDGDVSHORQ~PHURGHORQDV
$V ILEUDV DUWLILFLDLV FRPR R SROLpVWHU H D ILEUD GH YLGUR H RXWUDV QRYDV PDWpULDV
LQFRUSRUDGDV QD ERUUDFKD VmR PXLWR PDLV UHVLVWHQWHV TXH DV ILEUDV GH DOJRGmR
RXWURUD XWLOL]DGDV 'DGD D SHUVLVWrQFLD GR FULWpULR GH DYDOLDomR SHOR Q~PHUR GH
ORQDV XP SQHX GH GXDV ORQDV SRGH VHU KRMH FODVVLILFDGR FRPR WHQGR XPD
UHVLVWrQFLDGHTXDWURORQDV
7RGRV RV SQHXV DSUHVHQWDP GRLV WDO}HV XP GH DUDPH GH DoR TXH HYLWDP TXH VH
GLVWHQGDP GD URGD &RQWXGR RV SQHXV QD VXD PDLRULD GLYHUJHP JUDQGHPHQWH
TXDQWRjIDEULFDomRGDFDUFDoDHDRGHVHQKRGDEDQGDGHURGDJHP





















Radial




 
1XP SQHX UDGLDO R GHVJDVWH TXDQGR R DXWRPyYHO ID] XPD FXUYD p UHGX]LGR H D
GXUDomR GR SQHX p FRQVLGHUDYHOPHQWH DXPHQWDGD HPERUD QHVWH WLSR GH SQHX R



FRQIRUWR SURSRUFLRQDGR VHMD PHQRU D YHORFLGDGHV PDLV EDL[DV 2V SQHXV UDGLDLV
FRQVWDP GH GXDV SDUWHV DV ORQDV RX WHODV H XP DQHO GH ORQDV RX WHODV
HVWDELOL]DGRUDV
2V ILRV GD ORQD HVWHQGHPVH GH XP D RXWUR WDOmR HP kQJXOR UHWR H QmR HP
GLDJRQDLV R TXH SURSRUFLRQD JUDQGH IOH[LELOLGDGH H FRQIRUWR PDV SRXFD RX
QHQKXPD HVWDELOLGDGH GLUHFLRQDO (VWD p REWLGD SRU PHLR GH XPD FLQWD
HVWDELOL]DGRUD RX ORQD GH EDQGD GH URGDJHP GLVSRVWD D WRGD D YROWD GD
FLUFXQIHUrQFLD GR SQHX VRE D EDQGD GH URGDJHP $V ORQDV GH EDQGD GH URGDJHP
VmRJHUDOPHQWHWHFLGRVDHPUD\RQRXDUDPHGHDoRILQRHVmRIOH[tYHLVHPERUDVH
PDQWHQKDP HVWLFDGDV $VVLP D ORQD GH EDQGD GH URGDJHP UHGX] TXDOTXHU
GLVWHQVmRODWHUDOGHVWDEDQGD
5HFHQWHPHQWH HVWHQGHXVH D XWLOL]DomR GD ILEUD GH YLGUR QD IDEULFDomR GDV ORQDV
GRV SQHXV UDGLDLV &RQWXGR D ILEUD GH YLGUR ± PXLWR UHVLVWHQWH H
VXUSUHHQGHQWHPHQWH HOiVWLFD ± H[LJH R UHFXUVR D WpFQLFDV HVSHFLDLV SDUD HYLWDU R
GHVJDVWHGRVILODPHQWRVHSHUPLWLUXPDXQLmRVDWLVIDWyULDHQWUHHVWHVHDFDUFDoD
6H QXPD ORQD GH EDQGD GH URGDJHP IRUHP XWLOL]DGRV ILRV GH DoR HVWHV VHUmR
QRUPDOPHQWH GRLV FRQWXGR SRGHUmR VHU QHFHVViULRV TXDWUR RX VHLV VH IRUHP
IDEULFDGRV HP UD\RQ RX RXWUD ILEUD 4XDQGR VmR XWLOL]DGDV TXDWUR FDPDGDV HVWDV
VmR GREUDGDV VREUH VL SUySULDV H jV YH]HV LQWHUFDODGDV SDUD DXPHQWDU D
HVWDELOLGDGHODWHUDO8PDORQDFRPILRVGHDoRpPDLVUHVLVWHQWHHQmRVHGLVWHQGH
FRPDSUHVVmRGRDUQRLQWHULRUGRVSQHXV
2 Q\ORQ SULPHLUDPHQWH XWLOL]DGR QDV ORQDV GRV SQHXV GH DYLmR p PDLV UHVLVWHQWH
PDLV HOiVWLFR H PDLV IOH[tYHO GR TXH R UD\RQ H PDQWpP R SQHX PHQRV DTXHFLGR
(PSUHJDVH HP SQHXV GH DXWRPyYHLV PDV DSHQDV FRPELQDGR FRP RXWURV
PDWHULDLV 4XDQGR IULRV RV ILRV GH Q\ORQ WHQGHP D SHUGHU D VXD IOH[LELOLGDGH 6H
DSHQDVIRVVHPXWLOL]DGRVILRVGHQ\ORQDSDUWHGRSQHXHPFRQWDWRFRPDIDL[DGH
URGDJHP YDULDULD GH IRUPD SURYRFDQGR XPD PDUFKD LUUHJXODU DWp TXH D FDUFDoD
WLYHVVHDTXHFLGRRVXILFLHQWHSDUDTXHRVILRVUHFREUDVVHPDVXDIOH[LELOLGDGH

3QHXVGLDJRQDLVFRPORQDVHVWDELOL]DGRUDV

2V IDEULFDQWHV QRUWH DPHULFDQRV
DGRWDP XPD VROXomR FRQFLOLDWyULD TXH
FRQVLVWH QD XWLOL]DomR GR HTXLSDPHQWR
H[LVWHQWH SDUD D IDEULFDomR GDV
FDUFDoDVGLDJRQDLVHORQDVGDEDQGDGH
URGDJHP VHPLUtJLGDV VRE HVWD EDQGD
SURGX]LQGR DVVLP XP SQHX FRP
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV TXHU GRV SQHXV UDGLDLV
TXHU GRV GLDJRQDLV ± R SQHX GLDJRQDO
FRPORQDVHVWDELOL]DGRUDV
1HVWHWLSRGHSQHXRVRPEURVVLWXDP
VH H[DWDPHQWH QDV DUHVWDV GDV ORQDV
HVWDELOL]DGRUDV R TXH ID] FRP TXH D
EDQGD GH URGDJHP GR SQHX H DV
SDUHGHV ODWHUDLV GHVWH WHQKDP
IOH[LELOLGDGH LQGHSHQGHQWH $FDUFDoDp
QRUPDOPHQWH IDEULFDGD FRP ILRV GH
SROLpVWHU H D ORQD GD EDQGD GH
URGDJHPFRPILEUDGHYLGUR
&RPR VH FRPSRUWDP RV SQHXV  2V
SQHXV UDGLDLV DSUHVHQWDP XPD SDUHGH
ODWHUDOPDLVDUUHGRQGDGDGRTXHRVGLDJRQDLV HSRVVXHPJHUDOPHQWHXPDEDQGD
GH URGDJHP DSDUHQWHPHQWH PDLV ODUJD $ GLIHUHQoD GH FRPSRUWDPHQWR GHVWHV
SQHXV UHVXOWD GD IRUPD GDV VXDV FDUFDoDV $ EDQGD GH URGDJHP GR SQHX UDGLDO
DSUHVHQWDXPDULJLGH]HXPDUHVLVWrQFLDJUDoDVjVTXDLVDiUHDTXHFRQWDWDFRPR



SDYLPHQWR PDQWpP HP PRYLPHQWR WRGD D VXD FDSDFLGDGH GH DGHUrQFLD 1R SQHX
GLDJRQDODiUHDGHFRQWDWRGHIRUPDVHHILFDPDLVUHGX]LGD
2SQHXUDGLDOSHUPLWHGHVFUHYHUFXUYDVPDLVDSHUWDGDVGRTXHRGLDJRQDOMiTXHR
VHXkQJXORpPHQRU2SQHXGLDJRQDOIDFLOLWDDFRQGXomRDEDL[DVYHORFLGDGHVHDV
PDQREUDVGHHVWDFLRQDPHQWR
$GHIOH[mRGH XPSQHX±GHIRUPDomR UDGLDOGDFDUFDoDSRUDomRGDFDUJDYHUWLFDO
TXH VXSRUWD ± DVVHJXUD XP HIHLWR GH DPRUWHFLPHQWR 4XDQWR PDLRU IRU GHIOH[mR
PDLRU VHUi R DPRUWHFLPHQWR 8P SQHX UDGLDO WHP XPD GHIOH[mR PDLRU TXH XP
GLDJRQDO H DVVHJXUD XPD PDUFKD PDLV FRQIRUWiYHO D YHORFLGDGHV GH  NPK D
ULJLGH]GRSQHXUDGLDOID]VHQWLUDVLUUHJXODULGDGHVGRSDYLPHQWR¬VYH]HVRVSQHXV
UDGLDLVSURSRUFLRQDPPHQRVFRQIRUWRTXHRVGLDJRQDLV


6HJXUDQoDHHFRQRPLDFRPXPDERDDGHUrQFLD±([LVWH XPDJUDQGH YDULHGDGHGH
GHVHQKRV GD EDQGD GH URGDJHP GHVWLQDGRV D H[SXOVDU D iJXD H D HQIUHQWDU RV
SUREOHPDV VXVFLWDGRV SHOR SDYLPHQWR H SHOR WLSR GH YHtFXOR HP TXH R SQHX p
XWLOL]DGR
1XPD HVWUDGD VHFD XP SQHX GH UDVWR TXDVH OLVR ± FRPR RV XWLOL]DGRV QRV
DXWRPyYHLVGHFRPSHWLomR±SHUPLWHREWHUDPHOKRUDGHUrQFLDSRLVDVVHJXUDXPD
PDLRU iUHD GH FRQWDWR FRP D VXSHUItFLH GD IDL[D GH URGDJHP 1R HQWDQWR VH D
HVWUDGD HVWLYHU PROKDGD XP SQHX OLVR GLILFLOPHQWH SURSRUFLRQDUi TXDOTXHU
DGHUrQFLD Mi TXH R PHQRU YHVWtJLR GH iJXD DWXDUi FRPR XP OXEULILFDQWH 6H R
SDYLPHQWR DSUHVHQWDU XPD JUDQGH TXDQWLGDGH GH iJXD HVWi DWXDUi FRPR XPD
FXQKD QD IUHQWH H S{U EDL[R GR SQHX FDXVDQGR XPD IRUPD GH GHUUDSDJHP
FRQKHFLGD FRPR DTXDSODQLQJ KLGURSODQDJHP RX DTXDSODQDJHP 6HSDUDGD GD
VXSHUItFLHGDIDL[DGHURGDJHPSHODFXQKDGHiJXDDURGDGHL[DGHJLUDUSHUGHQGR
VHRFRPDQGRGDGLUHomR
6H KRXYHU XPD ILQD FDPDGD GH iJXD QR SDYLPHQWR DV UDQKXUDV GD EDQGD GH
URGDJHPLQWHUURPSHPDVXDFRQWLQXLGDGHSHUPLWLQGRDDGHUrQFLD
4XDQGR D iJXD VH DFXPXOD HP JUDQGH TXDQWLGDGH DR GHVHQKR GD EDQGD GH
URGDJHPFRPSHWHPWUrVIXQo}HV
H[SXOVDUDiJXDSDUDRVODGRVRXDVSLUDODVDWUDYpVGDVUDQKXUDVSULQFLSDLV$
iJXD  GHVWD PDQHLUD p GLULJLGD SDUD WUiV GD VXSHUItFLH GH FRQWDWR GH RQGH p
HPSXUUDGDSDUDWUiVGRSQHX
  DEVRUYHU D FDPDGD GH iJXD UHVWDQWH S{U PHLR GH UDQKXUDV GDV ODPHODV TXH
DWXDPFRPRHVSRQMD
DGHULUjiUHDGHFRQWDWRUHPDQHVFHQWHHQWmRMiVHFD
¬ PHGLGD TXH D YHORFLGDGH DXPHQWD DV GXDV SULPHLUDV IDVHV GR SURFHVVR
SUHHQFKHPDPDLRULDGRWHPSRGHFRQWDWR±DJRUDGLPLQXtGR OLPLWDQGRDVVLPD




DGHUrQFLD D VHFR $  NPK QXPD HVWUDGD PROKDGD DV UDQKXUDV GD EDQGD GH
URGDJHPGHXPSQHXGHGLPHQV}HVPpGLDVQHFHVVLWDPGHUHPRYHUGRVHXWUDMHWR
PDLV GH OWV GH iJXD HP FDGD VHJXQGR ±  OWV FRP FKXYD WRUUHQFLDO ± SDUD
VHFDUXPDVXSHUItFLHVXILFLHQWHSDUDJDUDQWLUDDGHUrQFLD
0HVPR FRP XP UDVWR HP ERP HVWDGR D DGHUrQFLD GH XP SQHX QXPD VXSHUItFLH
PROKDGD GLPLQXL VXEVWDQFLDOPHQWH TXDQGR D YHORFLGDGH DXPHQWD SRGHQGR KDYHU
DTXDSODQDJHP VH IRU JUDQGH D TXDQWLGDGH GH iJXD VREUH D IDL[D GH URGDJHP GR
YHtFXOR
8P UDVWR FRP UDQKXUDV SURIXQGDV p DSURSULDGR SDUD RV SDYLPHQWRV FRP QHYH
ODPDRXSHGUDVVROWDV
9DULDomR QR GHVHQKR GD EDQGD GH URGDJHP ± 2 GHVHQKR GD EDQGD GH URGDJHP
YDULD FRQIRUPH DV GLYHUVDV ILQDOLGDGHV GR SQHX 8P SQHX TXH VH GHVWLQD D VHU
XWLOL]DGR GXUDQWH ORQJRV SHUtRGRV GH LQYHUQR GHYH DSUHVHQWDU XP GHVHQKR FRP
UDQKXUDV SURIXQGDV SDUD SHUPLWLU XPD PHOKRU DGHUrQFLD H D H[SXOVmR GD QHYH RX
ODPD(PFOLPDVJHUDOPHQWHFKXYRVRVWRUQDVHLQGLFDGRXPGHVHQKRGHEDQGDGH
URGDJHP TXH DVVHJXUH XPD GUHQDJHP UiSLGD 8P SQHX FRP UDQKXUDV SURIXQGDV
GHVJDVWDUVHiUDSLGDPHQWHVHIRUXWLOL]DGRHPHVWUDGDVVHFDVDDOWDYHORFLGDGH

Abs
)XQFLRQDPHQWR
4XDQGRpDSOLFDGRXPHVIRUoRFRQVLGHUiYHOVREUHRSHGDOGRIUHLRHPVLWXDo}HVGH
HPHUJrQFLDRVLVWHPDDQWLEORTXHLRDVVXPHDXWRPDWLFDPHQWHRFRQWUROHGDSUHVVmR
KLGUiXOLFDQRFLUFXLWRGHFDGDXPDGDVURGDVGHPDQHLUDDSURSRUFLRQDUDFRQGLomR
LGHDOGHIUHQDJHP
2 FRQWUROH GD SUHVVmR p IHLWR SHODV YiOYXODV HOHWURPDJQpWLFDV SRU PHLR GH
FRPDQGRV HPLWLGRV SHOR PyGXOR HOHWU{QLFR DWXDQGR GH PRGR D SURSRUFLRQDU WUrV
VLWXDo}HVGLVWLQWDVQRIXQFLRQDPHQWRKLGUiXOLFRGHFDGDFLUFXLWRDXPHQWRUHGXomR
RXPDQXWHQomRGDSUHVVmR

$XPHQWRGDSUHVVmR
4XDQGR R IUHLR p DSOLFDGR FRP IRUoD D SDUWLU GD SRVLomR GH UHSRXVR RX GH XPD
VLWXDomRGHEDL[DSUHVVmRQDOLQKDDSUHVVmRVREHUDSLGDPHQWHHPWRGRRFLUFXLWR
DWp j LPLQrQFLD GH EORTXHLR GDV URGDV 1HVVH PRPHQWR GHWHUPLQDGR H[DWDPHQWH
SHOR PyGXOR HOHWU{QLFR D YiOYXOD HOHWURPDJQpWLFD GR UHVSHFWLYR FLUFXLWR IHFKD D
SDVVDJHP HQWUH R FLUFXLWR GD URGD H R GR FLOLQGUR PHVWUH GH PDQHLUD D PDQWHU
FRQVWDQWHRYDORUGDSUHVVmRQRFLUFXLWRGDURGD4XDQGRRPyGXORHOHWU{QLFRHQYLD
XP FRPDQGR SDUD PRGLILFDU R YDORU GD SUHVVmR QR FLUFXLWR GD URGD D YiOYXOD
HOHWURPDJQpWLFD p DFLRQDGD GH PDQHLUD D DEULU D SDVVDJHP GH UHWRUQR RX D GH
HQWUDGD GH IOXtGR FRQIRUPH D QDWXUH]D GR FRPDQGR UHFHELGR 6H HVWH IRU QR




VHQWLGR GH UHGX]LU D SUHVVmR D URWDomR GD URGD YROWD D DXPHQWDU H D YiOYXOD
HOHWURPDJQpWLFD UHFHEH XP FRPDQGR QR VHQWLGR GH DEULU QRYDPHQWH D SDVVDJHP
SDUD R FLUFXLWR GD URGD UHSHWLQGRVH R FLFOR (VWH FLFOR SRGH VH UHSHWLU GH  D 
YH]HV SRU VHJXQGR GHSHQGHQGR GDV FRQGLo}HV GR SLVR (VVD UDSLGH] GH
IXQFLRQDPHQWRpSRVVtYHOJUDoDVDRSURQWRSURFHVVDPHQWRGRVLQDOHOHWU{QLFRHDRV
UiSLGRVLQWHUYDORVGHUHVSRVWDGDVYiOYXODVHOHWURPDJQpWLFDV



0DQXWHQomRGDSUHVVmR
4XDQGR XP VHQVRU LQIRUPD DR PyGXOR GH FRPDQGR D LPLQrQFLD GH EORTXHLR GD
UHVSHFWLYD URGD HVWH HQYLD SDUD D YiOYXOD HOHWURPDJQpWLFD FRUUHVSRQGHQWH R
FRPDQGR SDUD IHFKDU DV SDVVDJHQV GH HQWUDGD H VDtGD SDUD R FLUFXLWR GD URGD
PDQWHQGRHVWiYHODSUHVVmRGRPHVPR




 

5HGXomRGDSUHVVmR
6H SHUVLVWLU D LPLQrQFLD GH EORTXHLR GD URGD QD FRQGLomR GH SUHVVmR FRQVWDQWH D
YiOYXOD HOHWURPDJQpWLFD UHFHEH R FRPDQGR QR VHQWLGR GH DEULU D SDVVDJHP GH
UHWRUQRGRIOXtGRDRPHVPRWHPSRHPTXHpDFLRQDGDDERPEDKLGUiXOLFD

$XWRPRQLWRUDPHQWR
$FDGDYH]TXHVHGiSDUWLGDDRPRWRUpDFLRQDGRXPGLVSRVLWLYRGHFKHFDJHPGR
VLVWHPD R TXDO VLPXOD XP SURFHVVR GH IUHQDJHP GXUDQWH R TXDO WRGR VLVWHPD p
WHVWDGRHDVIXQo}HVGHFDGDFRPSRQHQWHpYHULILFDGD4XDQGRRYHtFXORHQWUDHP
XWLOL]DomR HVVH VLVWHPD GH FKHFDJHP FRQWLQXD H HP FDVR GH IDOKD R VLVWHPD VH
GHVOLJDH RVLVWHPDFRQYHQFLRQDOGHIUHLRVSDVVDDDWXDULQGHSHQGHQWHPHQWHVHP
DX[LOLR GR VLVWHPD DQWL EORTXHLR HVVD FRQGLomR p LQGLFDGD SRU XPD OkPSDGD QR
SDLQHOGHLQVWUXPHQWRVTXHVHDFHQGHQHVVDVLWXDomR

Suspensão
6H R SDYLPHQWR GDV IDL[DV GH URGDJHP RIHUHFHVVH SHUIHLWDV FRQGLo}HV GH
URODPHQWR RV DXWRPyYHLV QmR QHFHVVLWDULDP GH XP VLVWHPD FRPSOH[R GH
VXVSHQVmR SDUD SURSRUFLRQDU FRQIRUWR DRV VHXV RFXSDQWHV 8P ERP VLVWHPD GH
VXVSHQVmR GHYH LQFOXLU PROHMDPHQWR H DPRUWHFLPHQWR 2 SULPHLUR FRQVLVWH QD
UHVLVWrQFLD HOiVWLFD D XPD FDUJD H R VHJXQGR QD FDSDFLGDGH GH DEVRUYHU SDUWH GD
HQHUJLDGHXPDPRODDSyVHVWDWHUVLGRFRPSULPLGD
6H HVWD HQHUJLD QmR IRU DEVRUYLGD D PROD XOWUDSDVVDUi EDVWDQWH D VXD SRVLomR
RULJLQDO H FRQWLQXDUi D RVFLODU SDUD FLPD H SDUD EDL[R DWp TXH HVVDV RVFLODo}HV
FHVVHP
2DPRUWHFLPHQWRFRQYHUWHDHQHUJLDPHFkQLFDHPHQHUJLDFDORUtILFD3DUDUHGX]LUR




UXtGRH DXPHQWDU DVXDYLGDGH DV PRODV VmR PRQWDGDV VREUH ERUUDFKD 2VLVWHPD
GH VXVSHQVmR LQFOXL DLQGD DOPRIDGDGDV GRV EDQFRV TXH WDPEpP SURWHJHP FRQWUD
DVYLEUDo}HV
$VGLPHQV}HVGDVURGDVFRQVWLWXHPXP IDWRULPSRUWDQWHSDUD XPDPDUFKDVXDYH
8PD URGD JUDQGH WUDQVSRUi D PDLRULD GDV LUUHJXODULGDGHV GR SDYLPHQWR FRQWXGR
QmRpYLiYHOXPDURGDVXILFLHQWHPHQWHJUDQGHSDUDDQXODURVHIHLWRVGHWRGDVHVVDV
LUUHJXODULGDGHV8PDURGDQmRGHYHUiWDPEpPVHUWmRSHTXHQDTXHFDLEDHPWRGRV
RV EXUDFRV GD VXSHUItFLH GD IDL[D GH URGDJHP R TXH UHVXOWDULD QXPD PDUFKD
LUUHJXODU




 

Amortecedores
2V DPRUWHFHGRUHV GHVWLQDPVH D DEVRUYHU RX DPRUWHFHU DV YLEUDo}HV SDUD TXH DV
PRODVQmRRVFLOHPFRQWLQXDPHQWHSDUDFLPDHSDUDEDL[R
2VHJUHGRGHXPDERDVXVSHQVmRUHVLGHQDVXSUHVVmRGDUHVVRQkQFLDDFXPXODomR
GHRVFLODo}HVQRVYiULRVFRPSRQHQWHVGRVLVWHPDGHVXVSHQVmRRTXDOLQFOXLQmR
VyDVPRODVPDVWDPEpPRVSQHXVHDVVHQWRV
2V SULPHLURV DPRUWHFHGRUHV TXH VH EDVHDYDP QR DWULWR GH XP RX YiULRV GLVFRV
IRUDP VXEVWLWXtGRV SRU DPRUWHFHGRUHV KLGUiXOLFRV QRV TXDLV R PRYLPHQWR GH XP
SLVWmR ID] HVFRDU R yOHR DWUDYpV GH SHTXHQRV RULItFLRV TXH RIHUHFHP UHVLVWrQFLD j
VXDSDVVDJHP
2DPRUWHFHGRUWHOHVFySLFRpPDLVXVDGRDWXDOPHQWH&RQVLVWHHVVHQFLDOPHQWHQXP
FLOLQGUR TXH FRQWpP XP SLVWmR OLJDGR D XPD KDVWH $ H[WUHPLGDGH IHFKDGD GR
FLOLQGURHVWijDUWLFXODomRRXDRHL[RGDURGDHQTXDQWRDH[WUHPLGDGHH[WHULRUGD
KDVWH TXH SDVVD DWUDYpV GH XP YHGDGRU H[LVWHQWH QR FLOLQGUR HVWi OLJDGD j
FDUURFHULD
9iOYXODV UHJXODGRUDV H FDQDLV GH SDVVDJHP FRPDQGDP R IOX[R GH yOHR QRV GRLV
VHQWLGRVDWUDYpVGRSLVWmR2HVSDoRDFLPDGRSLVWmRpPHQRUGRTXHRHVSDoRVRE
HVWH$VVLPQmRFRQVHJXHFRQWHUWRGRRyOHRGHVORFDGRSHORSLVWmRTXDQGRHVWHVH
GLULJH SDUD D H[WUHPLGDGH LQIHULRU GR FLOLQGUR 8PD YiOYXOD FRPDQGD D VDtGD GR
H[FHVVR GH yOHR SDUD XP GHSyVLWR RX FkPDUD GH UHFXSHUDomR TXH HQYROYH R
FLOLQGUR
¬ PHGLGD TXH R DPRUWHFHGRU VH GLVWHQGH FRPR R SLVWmR QmR GHVORFD GD VHomR
VXSHULRUGRFLOLQGURXPDTXDQWLGDGHGHyOHRVXILFLHQWHSDUDHQFKHUDVHomRLQIHULRU
HVWi FKHLD D SDUWLU GR GHSyVLWR H DWUDYpV GH XPD YiOYXOD GH HQFKLPHQWR 2
DPRUWHFHGRUpKHUPpWLFRHPDQWpPQRUPDOPHQWHRGHSyVLWRVRESUHVVmR




 




 
1HVWHVDPRUWHFHGRUHVRPRYLPHQWRGDURGDpWUDQVPLWLGRDXPDDODYDQFDTXHID]
PRYHU R HL[R GR EUDoR (VWH HL[R HVWi OLJDGR QR LQWHULRU GH XP FLOLQGUR FKHLR GH
yOHR D XP EDODQFLQ TXH HQFDL[D QXP SLVWmR GXSOR 4XDOTXHU PRYLPHQWR GD URGD
DVFHQGHQWH RX GHVFHQGHQWH DFLRQD R EDODQFLQ TXH ID] PRYHU R SLVWmR GXSOR
4XDQGRHVWHVHGHVORFDSDUDXPGRVWRSRVGRFLOLQGURRyOHRpLPSHOLGRSDVVDQGR
DWUDYpV GH XPD YiOYXOD DWLQJLQGR R RXWURWRSR DPRUWHFHQGR DVVLP D RVFLODomR GD
PROD

Molas
$RGHVHPSHQKDUDVXDIXQomRSULPRUGLDOTXHFRQVLVWHHPSURWHJHUDFDUURFHULD H
RV RFXSDQWHV GH XP DXWRPyYHO FRQWUD RV VRODYDQFRV SURYRFDGRV SHODV
LUUHJXODULGDGHVGRSDYLPHQWRDVPRODVDWXDPFRPRDFXPXODGRUHVGHHQHUJLD
$VPRODVGHDoRDUPD]HQDPHVWDHQHUJLDDRIOHWLUHPFRPRDFRQWHFHFRPDVPRODV
GH IROKDV RX GH OkPLQDV RX VHUHP WRUFLGDV FRPR DFRQWHFH FRP DV PRODV
KHOLFRLGDLVRXFRPEDUUDVGHWRUomR$HQHUJLDOLEHUWDVHTXDQGRDPRODYROWDjVXD
SRVLomRQRUPDO
$V PRODV GH OkPLQDV VmR JHUDOPHQWH UHIHULGDV FRPR VHPLHOtSWLFDV HPERUD R VHX
SHUILOVHMDDWXDOPHQWHTXDVHSODQR
$V GXDV H[WUHPLGDGHV HVWmR QRUPDOPHQWH OLJDGDV DR FKDVVL RX j FDUURFHULD SRU
SLQRVFRPEXFKDVGHERUUDFKDVHQGRDSDUWHFHQWUDOGDPRODIL[DGDDRHL[R6HD
PROD IRU PRQWDGD WUDQVYHUVDOPHQWH HP UHODomR j FDUURFHULD D SDUWH FHQWUDO ILFD
IL[DDRFKDVVLHDVH[WUHPLGDGHVDRVHL[RVGDVURGDV1XPDPRODDIRUPDFLUFXODU
p D PDLV LQGLFDGD SDUD DFXPXODomR GH HQHUJLD 8PD PROD KHOLFRLGDO DUPD]HQD GH
PRGRPDLVHILFD]DHQHUJLDUHVXOWDQWHGRPRYLPHQWRDVFHQGHQWHHGHVFHQGHQWH$V
VXDV H[WUHPLGDGHV VmR JHUDOPHQWH KRUL]RQWDLV D ILP GH DVVHQWDUHP PHOKRU VREUH




DVVXSHUItFLHVDWUDYpVGDVTXDLVVHWUDQVPLWHRHVIRUoR(VWDVH[WUHPLGDGHVSODQDV
DWXDPFRPRDODYDQFDTXHDSOLFDDWRUomRjSDUWHUHVWDQWHGDPROD
$ EDUUD GH WRUomR DFXPXOD HQHUJLD TXDQGR p WRUFLGD 8PD GDV H[WUHPLGDGHV HVWi
IL[DjFDUURFHULDHQTXDQWRDRXWUDHVWiOLJDGDDXPHOHPHQWRFDSD]GHVXSRUWDUR
HVIRUoR$EDUUDGHWRUomRpIUHTXHQWHPHQWHXWLOL]DGDFRPRHVWDELOL]DGRU&RQVLVWH
QXPD EDUUD GH DoR PRQWDGD WUDQVYHUVDOPHQWH j OLQKD GH HL[R GR DXWRPyYHO HP
EXFKDV GH ERUUDFKD H FRP DV H[WUHPLGDGHV ± OLJDGDV j VXVSHQVmR ± GREUDGDV GH
PRGRDDWXDUHPFRPRDODYDQFDV


4XDQGR DV URGDV GR PHVPR HL[R VREHP H GHVFHP VLPXOWDQHDPHQWH D EDUUD GH
WRUomR DSHQDV URGD QRV VHXV DSRLRV VHP H[HUFHU TXDOTXHU HIHLWR QR VLVWHPD GH
VXVSHQVmR 6H DSHQDV XPD GDV URGDV GHVFHU RX VXELU RX D FDUURFHULD VH LQFOLQDU
QXPD FXUYD D EDUUD p XWLOL]DGD GH GLIHUHQWHV IRUPDV QD VXVSHQVmR GH XP
DXWRPyYHO
2 VLVWHPD KLGURHOiVWLFR 0RXOWRQ p XP H[HPSOR VLJQLILFDWLYR 1HVWH VLVWHPD R
HOHPHQWRSULQFLSDOGHVXVSHQVmRpFRQVWLWXtGR S{UPRODVGHERUUDFKDV(PERUDVH
XWLOL]HOtTXLGRSDUDWUDQVPLWLURPRYLPHQWRGDVURGDVGDIUHQWHSDUDWUiVRXYLFH±
YHUVD




 

Dianteira
2VHL[RVGDIUHQWHFRQVWLWXtGRVSRUXPDVySHoDGHVHomRSHUILODGDVREUHRVTXDLV
VH DSRLDYD D FDUURFHULD SRU PHLR GH PRODV GH OkPLQDV IRUDP Ki YiULRV DQRV
VXEVWLWXtGRVSRUVXVSHQV}HVLQGHSHQGHQWHVSDUDFDGDXPDGDVURGDV GLDQWHLUDVR
TXHPHOKRUDDFRQGXomRHSHUPLWHXPDPDUFKDPXLWRPDLVFRQIRUWiYHO
1XPVLVWHPDGHVXVSHQVmRGLDQWHLUDLQGHSHQGHQWHFDGDURGDGDIUHQWHHVWiOLJDGD
jFDUURFHULDGRDXWRPyYHOSHODVXDSUySULDDUWLFXODomRGHPRODVGHPRGRTXHVHX
PRYLPHQWR QmR LQWHUILUD QR GD RXWUD URGD $V GXDV VXVSHQV}HV LQGHSHQGHQWHV
SRGHP FRQWXGR VHUHP OLJDGDV j XPD EDUUD GH WRUomR (VWD EDUUD HVWDELOL]DGRUD
PRQWDGDWUDQVYHUVDOPHQWHHPUHODomRiOLQKDGHHL[RGRDXWRPyYHOHYLWDTXHHVWH
VHLQFOLQHGHPDVLDGRDRGHVFUHYHUXPDFXUYD
'XUDQWH XPD WUDMHWyULD R DXWRPyYHO HVWi VXMHLWR DWUDYpV GDV URGDV D PXLWRV
HVIRUoRV $ VXVSHQVmR GHYH LPSHGLU TXH HVVHV HVIRUoRV GHVYLHP R DXWRPyYHO GR
WUDMHWR HVFROKLGR SHOR PRWRULVWD QmR GHYHQGR WDPEpP SHUPLWLU TXH DV URGDV
RVFLOHP VH GHVORTXHP SDUD WUiV SDUD D IUHQWH RX SDUD RV ODGRV RX DOWHUHP
FRQVLGHUDYHOPHQWH R VHX kQJXOR GH LQFOLQDomR  4XDOTXHU GHVVHV HIHLWRV LULD
LQWHUIHULUQDGLUHomR



 

MAC Pherson
$OJXQVVLVWHPDVGHVXVSHQVmRDSUHVHQWDPHPYH]GHIRUTXLOKDVGXSODVXPEUDoR
VLPSOHV FRP XP WLUDQWH HP GLDJRQDO H XP WLUDQWH WHOHVFySLFR SDUD FDGD URGD GD
IUHQWH(VWHWLSRGHVXVSHQVmRpGHVLJQDGRSRU0DF3KHUVRQ
$ PDQJD GH HL[R QD TXDO HVWi PRQWDGD D URGD ID] SDUWH GD PHWDGH LQIHULRU GR
WLUDQWH WHOHVFySLFR 2 WLUDQWH JLUD DR VHU DFLRQDGD D GLUHomR $ VXD SDUWHVXSHULRU
HVWiOLJDGDjFDUURFHULDSRUPHLRGHXPDXQLmRIOH[tYHOHQTXDQWRDSDUWHLQIHULRUVH
OLJDDREUDoRLQIHULRUSRUPHLRGHXPDDUWLFXODomRGDUyWXODRXSLY{





3DUDDEVRUYHURVFKRTXHVUHVXOWDQWHVGDVLUUHJXODULGDGHVGRSDYLPHQWRXPDPROD
KHOLFRLGDO URGHLD D SDUWH VXSHULRU GR WLUDQWH R TXDO SRU VXD YH] FRQWpP XP
DPRUWHFHGRU KLGUiXOLFR 9iULDV UD]}HV MXVWLILFDP D JUDQGH SRSXODULGDGH GHVWH
VLVWHPDHQWUHDVTXDLVDVXDVLPSOLFLGDGHPHFkQLFDHDLQFOXVmRGHSHoDVPyYHLV
OHYHVTXHDMXGDPDVURGDVDDQXODURVFKRTXHVSURYRFDGRVSHODVLUUHJXODULGDGHVGR
SDYLPHQWRHYLWDQGRWDPEpPDH[FHVVLYDLQFOLQDomRODWHUDOGDTXHODV
3RU RXWUR ODGR HVWH VLVWHPD H[LJH XPD FDUURFHULD PXLWR UHVLVWHQWH DFLPD GDV
SDVVDJHQV GDV URGDV ± RQGH HVWmR IL[DGRV RV EDWHQWHV VXSHULRUHV  SDUD TXH
DTXHODSRVVDDEVRUYHUDWRWDOLGDGHGRVHVIRUoRVDTXHHVWiVXMHLWDDVXVSHQVmR

Trapésio articulado
2VVLVWHPDVGHIRUTXLOKDVRXWULkQJXORVDUWLFXODGRVGXSORV±WUDSp]LRDUWLFXODGRp
XPVLVWHPDYXOJDUGHVXVSHQVmRGLDQWHLUDLQGHSHQGHQWH
$OpP GH PDQWHU DV URGDV QD SRVLomR DGHTXDGD H WUDQVPLWLU D FDUJD jV PRODV DV
IRUTXLOKDV DUWLFXODGDV GHYHP WDPEpP UHVLVWLU jV IRUoDV RULJLQDGDV TXDQGR R
DXWRPyYHO DFHOHUD IUHLD RX ID] XPD FXUYD FRPR DV GXDV SULPHLUDV GHVWDV IRUoDV
DWXDPORQJLWXGLQDOPHQWHHPUHODomRDRDXWRPyYHOWRUQDVHQHFHVViULDDXWLOL]DomR
GRVLVWHPDGHIRUTXLOKDVTXHSURSRUFLRQDXPDEDVHODUJD


$ GLVSRVLomR GH WRGR R FRQMXQWR R FRPSULPHQWR D SRVLomR H R DQJXOR GH
DUWLFXODomR GRV VHXV HOHPHQWRV FRQGLFLRQD D WUDMHWyULD GDV URGDV TXDQGR R
DXWRPyYHO VH GHVORFD VREUH XP SDYLPHQWR GH VXSHUItFLH LUUHJXODU 2
FRPSRUWDPHQWR GDV URGDV SRU VXD YH] LQIOXrQFLD R FRPDQGR GD GLUHomR D
DGHUrQFLDjIDL[DGHURGDJHPHRGHVJDVWHGRVSQHXV



6HDVIRUTXLOKDVVXSHULRUHLQIHULRUIRUHPSDUDOHODVHGRPHVPRFRPSULPHQWRDV
URGDV QmR VH LQFOLQDUmR DR PRYHUHPVH SDUD FLPD H SDUD EDL[R GHYLGR jV
LUUHJXODULGDGHV GR SLVR &RQWXGR RFRUUH XPD SHTXHQD YDULDomR QD YLD ± GLVWkQFLD
HQWUH DV URGDV PHGLGD WUDQVYHUVDOPHQWH DR DXWRPyYHO  R TXH UHGX] D GXUDomR
GRVSQHXV1DVFXUYDVDHILFLrQFLDGDVURGDVGLPLQXLMiTXHHVWDVVHLQFOLQDPSDUD
IRUDDFRPSDQKDQGRDFDUURFHULD
$WXDOPHQWH DV IRUTXLOKDV HP JHUDO QmR VmR QHP SDUDOHODV QHP GR PHVPR
FRPSULPHQWR VHQGR D GH FLPD D PDLV FXUWD (P FRQVHTrQFLD DV URGDV QmR VH
PDQWrP YHUWLFDLV TXDQGR VH PRYHP SDUD FLPD H SDUD EDL[R GHYLGR DV
LUUHJXODULGDGHV GR SLVR PDV LQFOLQDPVH OLJHLUDPHQWH SDUD GHQWUR (P
FRQVHTrQFLD GLVWR WRUQDVH SRVVtYHO XP PHOKRU FRPSRUWDPHQWR QDV FXUYDV Mi
TXHTXDQGRDFDUURFHULDVHLQFOLQDSDUDIRUDDURGDTXHVHHQFRQWUDPDLVDIDVWDGD
GR ODGR GH GHQWUR GD FXUYD RX VHMD D TXH H[HUFH PDLV SUHVVmR VREUH D IDL[D GH
URGDJHPILFDPDLVRXPHQRVSHUSHQGLFXODUDRVROR

Outros sistemas

Traseira
1DPDLRULDGRVDXWRPyYHLVDVXVSHQVmRWUDVHLUDWHPGHVXSRUWDUDPDLRUSDUWHGD
FDUJD DGLFLRQDO TXH FRUUHVSRQGH DR SHVR GRV SDVVDJHLURV H GD EDJDJHP 6H DV
PRODVGDVXVSHQVmRIRUHPVXILFLHQWHPHQWHUtJLGDVSDUDVXSRUWDUDSHQDVRSHVRGR




DXWRPyYHO H GR PRWRULVWD VHUmR GHPDVLDGR PDFLDV TXDQGR R DXWRPyYHO HVWLYHU
FRPSOHWDPHQWHFKHLRHYLFH±YHUVD

2V IDEULFDQWHV UHFRUUHP D YiULRV SURFHVVRV SDUD UHVROYHU HVWDV GLILFXOGDGHV $

VXVSHQVmR WUDVHLUD SRGH LQFOXLU HL[RV PRWRUHV FRP PRODV GH OkPLQDV RX HL[RV
PRWRUHV FRP RXWURV WLSRV GH PRODV H GLVSRVLWLYRV GH IL[DomR KDYHQGR DLQGD
YDULDo}HVGHVXVSHQVmRLQGHSHQGHQWHTXHXWLOL]DPPRODVGHOkPLQDVRXKHOLFRLGDLV
EDUUDVGHWRUomRERUUDFKDVGLVSRVLWLYRVSQHXPiWLFRVHKLGURHOiVWLFRVHWF
(L[R±2VHL[RVUH~QHPRGLIHUHQFLDORVVHPLHL[RVRVFXERVHWDPERUHVGDVURGDV
QXPDVyXQLGDGH(VWDXQLGDGHHVWiOLJDGDDRHL[RGHWUDQVPLVVmRHDFDUURFHULDGH
PRGRDSRGHUPRYHUVHSDUDFLPDHSDUDEDL[RHVXSRUWDUDVFDUJDVHDVIRUoDVGH
WRUomRTXHOKHVmRLPSRVWDV
$ VXVSHQVmR WUDVHLUD SRGH WDPEpP VHU FRQFHELGD GH PRGR D PDQWHU R HL[R HP
SRVLomR D ILP GH GLPLQXLU DV RVFLODo}HV H FRUUHVSRQGHQWHV YLEUDo}HV D TXH HVWH
HVWiVXMHLWRHVSHFLDOPHQWHTXDQGRRDXWRPyYHODUUDQFDIUHLDRXID]XPDFXUYD
2V DPRUWHFHGRUHV TXH DEVRUYHP DV RVFLODo}HV GDV PRODV VmR QD VXD PDLRULD
KLGUiXOLFRV VHQGR R WLSR WHOHVFySLFR R SUHIHULGR DWXDOPHQWH HP YH] GR WLSR FRP
SLVWmR


6LVWHPD +RWFKNLVV ± Ê HVWH R VLVWHPD TXH FRPELQD GH IRUPD PDLV VLPSOHV D
VXVSHQVmRHDIL[DomRGRHL[RWUDVHLURDSUHVHQWDQGRXPSDUGHPRODVGHOkPLQDV
PRQWDGR VRE R HL[R 2 HL[R SRGH ILFDU DSRLDGR SUHFLVDPHQWH QD SDUWH FHQWUDO GDV
PRODVRXFRPIUHTXrQFLDPDLVjIUHQWHSDUDSHUPLWLUXPDLQFOLQDomRSDUDGLDQWH
TXDQGR R HL[R VREH DR URODU R DXWRPyYHO VREUH XP SDYLPHQWR LUUHJXODU 'HVWH
PRGRUHGX]VHRPRYLPHQWRDVFHQGHQWHGDSDUWHWUDVHLUDGRHL[RGHWUDQVPLVVmR
HWRUQDVHSRVVtYHOGLPLQXLUDDOWXUDGRW~QHOGRHL[RGHWUDQVPLVVmRTXHDVVLPILFD
PHQRVHOHYDGRQRLQWHULRUGRDXWRPyYHO
3DUD UHGX]LU DV YDULDo}HV QD LQFOLQDomR GR HL[R UHVXOWDQWHV GDV GLIHUHQWHV
FRQGLo}HV GH PDUFKD DOJXPDV VXVSHQV}HV WUDVHLUDV DSUHVHQWDP FRPR
FRPSOHPHQWRGDVPRODVGHOkPLQDVSHoDVGHXQLmROLPLWDGRUDVGDWRUomR




 
6XVSHQVmRWUDVHLUDLQGHSHQGHQWHVHPLHL[RIOXWXDQWH
1D VXD IRUPD RULJLQDO HVWH VLVWHPD DSUHVHQWD GRLV HL[RV WXEXODUHV DUWLFXODGRV QR
FiUWHUGRGLIHUHQFLDOIL[DGRjHVWUXWXUDGRDXWRPyYHO(PFDGDHL[RHVWiPRQWDGR
XP FDUGDQ $ VXVSHQVmR ID]VH HP JHUDO SRU PHLR GH XPD PROD GH OkPLQDV
PRQWDGDWUDQVYHUVDOPHQWHHPUHODomRjOLQKDGHHL[RGRDXWRPyYHODSDUDIXVDGDj
SDUWH FHQWUDO GR FKDVVL RX j EDLQKD GR GLIHUHQFLDO H FRP DV H[WUHPLGDGHV OLJDGDV
SRUPHLRGREULQFRDRVHL[RV

6XVSHQVmR0DF3KHUVRQ
e VHPHOKDQWH HP PXLWRV DVSHFWRV j VXVSHQVmR 0DF 3KHUVRQ XWLOL]DGD QDV URGDV
GDIUHQWH
7ULkQJXORWUDVHLURSHUSHQGLFXODU
&DGD XPD GDV URGDV WUDVHLUDV DSyLDVH QXP WULkQJXOR DUWLFXODGR j HVWUXWXUD GR
DXWRPyYHO$DUWLFXODomRpSHUSHQGLFXODUjOLQKDGHHL[RGRDXWRPyYHOGHWDOPRGR
TXHDURGDVREHHGHVFHFRQIRUPHDVLUUHJXODULGDGHVGRSDYLPHQWRVHPTXDOTXHU
DOWHUDomRGRVHXDOLQKDPHQWR


7ULkQJXORWUDVHLURGLDJRQDO
1HVWH VLVWHPD DPSODPHQWH XWLOL]DGR D OLQKD GH HL[R GH DUWLFXODomR QD TXDO R
WULkQJXOR RVFLOD HVWi PRQWDGD GH PRGR D IRUPDU XP kQJXOR EDVWDQWH DFHQWXDGR
FRP D OLQKD GH HL[R GR DXWRPyYHO R TXH SHUPLWH SURMHWDU D URGD FRP XP kQJXOR
SUp GHWHUPLQDGR GH YDULDomR TXHU QD FDPEDJHP TXHU QR DOLQKDPHQWR SDUD TXH
HVWDVXEDHGHVoDFRQIRUPHDVLUUHJXODULGDGHVGRSDYLPHQWR
)RUTXLOKDGXSOD
'LIHUHGRVLVWHPDGRPHVPRQRPH XWLOL]DGRQDVXVSHQVmRGLDQWHLUD QRVHJXLQWH
FRPRDVURGDVWrPGHPDQWHUVHGLUHLWDVHPYH]GHRVFLODUHPXPDGDVIRUTXLOKDV
DSUHVHQWD D VXD EDVH PDLV ODUJD PDLV SUy[LPD GD URGD H DLQGD XP WLUDQWH SDUD
DEVRUYHURVHVIRUoRVUHVXOWDQWHVGDDFHOHUDomRHGDIUHQDJHP
(VWHWLSRGHVXVSHQVmREDVHLDVHQRSULQFtSLRIXQGDPHQWDOGHPDQWHURSDUDOHOLVPR
GDVURGDV




 

Hidropneumática
8P VLVWHPD FRQMXJDGR GH VXVSHQVmR UHVXOWD GD LQWHUOLJDomR GDV VXVSHQV}HV
GLDQWHLUD H WUDVHLUD $ VXD YDQWDJHP SULQFLSDO UHVLGH QD SRVVLELOLGDGH GH UHGX]LU
VXEVWDQFLDOPHQWHTXDOTXHUWHQGrQFLDGRDXWRPyYHOSDUDRVFLODUSDUDIUHQWHHSDUD
WUiV SURSRUFLRQDQGR DVVLP XPD PDLRU HVWDELOLGDGH H FRPRGLGDGH 2 VLVWHPD GH
VXVSHQVmR KLGURHOiVWLFD 0RXOWRQ XWLOL]DGR SHOD $XVWLQ 0RUULV H R VLVWHPD GH
OLJDomRSRUPRODVXWLOL]DGRSHOD&LWURHQQRVVHXVPRGHORVGHPHQRUFLOLQGUDGDVmR
GRLV QRWiYHLV H[HPSORV GH VXVSHQVmR FRQMXJDGD $ SULQFLSDO GLIHUHQoD HQWUH HOHV
UHVLGH QR IDWR GR SULPHLUR VHU DFLRQDGR KLGUDXOLFDPHQWH HQTXDQWR R VHJXQGR p
DFLRQDGRPHFDQLFDPHQWH




 


1R VLVWHPD KLGURHOiVWLFR 0RXOWRQ FDGD URGD DSUHVHQWD XPD XQLGDGH GH VXVSHQVmR
TXHGHVHPSHQKDDVIXQo}HVGHPRODHGHDPRUWHFHGRU(VVDXQLGDGHHVWiPRQWDGD
QD FDUURFHULD DSUHVHQWDQGR QXPD GDV H[WUHPLGDGHV GR VHX LQWHULRU XPD PROD
F{QLFD GH ERUUDFKD $ RXWUD H[WUHPLGDGH GD XQLGDGH HVWi IHFKDGD SRU XP
GLDIUDJPDIOH[tYHOQRPHLRGRTXDOVHHQFRQWUDXPSLVWmROLJDGRjVXVSHQVmRGDV
URGDV $ FkPDUD H[LVWHQWH HQWUH D PROD H R GLDIUDJPD p GLYLGLGD SRU XPD SODFD
PHWiOLFD TXH DSUHVHQWD XPD YiOYXOD GH ERUUDFKD GH GXDV YLDV &DGD FkPDUD GD
IUHQWHHVWiOLJDGDjGHWUiVGRPHVPRODGRGRDXWRPyYHOSRUPHLRGHXPWXERDV
FkPDUDVEHPFRPRRVWXERVHQFRQWUDPVHFKHLDVGHOtTXLGR
4XDQGRDURGDGDIUHQWHVREHGHYLGRD XPDHOHYDomRGRSDYLPHQWR RGLDIUDJPD
GHVORFDVHSDUDGHQWURIRUoDQGRROtTXLGRDVDLUSHORVRULItFLRVGDSODFDVHSDUDGRUD
H D SDVVDU DWUDYpV GD YiOYXOD GH GXDV YLDV $ UHVLVWrQFLD GHVWD YiOYXOD RULJLQD R
HIHLWR QR DPRUWHFHGRU 2 PRYLPHQWR GR GLDIUDJPD UHGX] R YROXPH GD FkPDUD H
DXPHQWDDSUHVVmRDRID]HUSDVVDUSRUXPDSDUWHGRyOHRSHORWXERGHOLJDomRGR
TXHUHVXOWDVHURGLDIUDJPDGDRXWUDXQLGDGHLPSHOLGRSDUDIRUD(PFRQVHTXrQFLD
DVXVSHQVmRWUDVHLUDGRDXWRPyYHOpOHYDQWDGD




 
1RV VHXV DXWRPyYHLV GH PDLRU FLOLQGUDGD D &LWURHQ XWLOL]D D VXVSHQVmR
KLGURSQHXPiWLFDTXHFRPELQD XPVLVWHPD KLGUiXOLFRFRPXPPROHMR SQHXPiWLFR
GHPRGRDDVVHJXUDUXPHIHLWRGHQLYHODPHQWRDXWRPiWLFR





&DGDXPDGDVURGDVDSUHVHQWDDVXDXQLGDGHSUySULDLQGHSHQGHQWHGHVXVSHQVmR
(P FDGD XQLGDGH H[LVWH D]RWR VRE SUHVVmR FRQWLGR QD PHWDGH VXSHULRU GH XPD
HVIHUDPHWiOLFDDFLPDGHXPGLDIUDJPDUHVLVWHQWHDIOXtGRV
$PHWDGHLQIHULRUGDHVIHUDHVWiOLJDGDDXPFLOLQGURKLGUiXOLFRQRLQWHULRUGRTXDO
GHVOL]DXPSLVWmRFRPXPDKDVWHGHFRPDQGROLJDGDDXPEUDoRGHVXVSHQVmRSRU
PHLRGHXPDDUWLFXODomR4XDQGRXPDURGDVREHDRSDVVDUVREUHXPDHOHYDomRGR
SDYLPHQWR HVWH PRYLPHQWR DVFHQGHQWH p WUDQVPLWLGR SHOR EUDoR GDVXVSHQVmR DR
SLVWmR 2 PRYLPHQWR GR SLVWmR H[HUFH SUHVVmR VREUH R IOXtGR TXH SRU VXD YH]
FRPSULPH R JiV TXH DWXD HQWmR FRPR XPD PROD 2 PRYLPHQWR GHVFHQGHQWH GD
URGDID]GHVFHURSLVWmRUHGX]LQGRDSUHVVmRGRJiV


3RGH UHJXODUVH D DOWXUD HQWUH D FDUURFHULD H R VROR DXPHQWDQGR RX GLPLQXLQGR D
TXDQWLGDGH GH yOHR QR LQWHULRU GR FLOLQGUR 2 yOHR p PDQWLGR VRE SUHVVmR QXP
DFXPXODGRUDOLPHQWDGRS{UXPDERPEDVHQGRRVHXGpELWRUHJXODGRSRUPHLRGH
XPDYiOYXODGHJDYHWD
4XDQGR R DXWRPyYHO WUDQVSRUWD XPD PDLRU FDUJD D FDUURFHULD ³DIXQGDVH´ HP
UHODomR jV URGDV H DRV EUDoRV GD VXVSHQVmR &DGD EUDoR DFLRQD HQWmR XPD
DUWLFXODomRTXHDEUHDOLJDomRGDYiOYXODGHJDYHWDDRDFXPXODGRUSHORTXHRyOHR
SHQHWUD HQWmR QR FLOLQGUR REULJDQGR D FDUURFHULD D VXELU $ DUWLFXODomR YROWD j
SRVLomR QHXWUD TXDQGR D FDUURFHULD DWLQJH D VXD DOWXUD RULJLQDO 6H D FDUJD
GLPLQXLURSURFHVVRLQYHUWHVH



6XVSHQVmR GH QLYHODPHQWR DXWRPiWLFR ± 2V VLVWHPDV GH VXVSHQVmR FRP
QLYHODPHQWR DXWRPiWLFR HYLWDP TXH RV DXWRPyYHLV VH ³DIXQGHP´ TXDQGR
H[FHVVLYDPHQWH FDUUHJDGRV FRP RV SDVVDJHLURV H EDJDJHQV 6mR XWLOL]DGRV HP
DOJXQV PRGHORV FRP VXVSHQVmR GH FXUVR OLPLWDGR FRPSHQVDQGR DXWRPDWLFDPHQWH
DVDOWHUDo}HVGHFDUJDPRGLILFDQGRDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHPROHMRGRDXWRPyYHOSDUD
TXHHVWHVHPDQWHQKDVHPSUHjPHVPDDOWXUDHPUHODomRDRVROR
$VVLP DLQGD TXH R DXWRPyYHO WUDQVSRUWH D FDUJD Pi[LPD D WRWDOLGDGH GR FXUVR
DVFHQGHQWH GR VLVWHPD GD VXVSHQVmR HVWi DSWD D DQXODU DV LUUHJXODULGDGHV GR
SDYLPHQWR (VVH VLVWHPD SHUPLWH DLQGD TXH RV IDUyLV VH PDQWHQKDP D DOWXUD
GHYLGDVHMDTXDOIRUDGLVWULEXLomRGDFDUJD
8PDGDVGHVYDQWDJHQVGRVVLVWHPDVFRQYHQFLRQDLVGHVXVSHQVmRUHVLGHQRIDWRGR
DXWRPyYHOVHLQFOLQDUSDUDWUiV±RTXHID]FRPTXHDOX]GRVIDUyLVVHMDDSRQWDGD
SDUD FLPD ±TXDQGR WUDQVSRUWDPXLWRV SDVVDJHLURV QR EDQFR GH WUiV H H[FHVVR GH
EDJDJHP QR SRUWDPDODV 4XDOTXHU WLSR GH VLVWHPD GH FRUUHomR DXWRPiWLFD p
DFLRQDGR SRU XP RX PDLV GLVSRVLWLYRV VHQVtYHLV j FDUJD TXH PHGHP D GLVWkQFLD
YHUWLFDO HQWUH SRU H[HPSOR R VROR H XP SRQWR QXP EUDoR GD VXVSHQVmR 4XDQWR
PDLRU IRU D FDUJD PHQRU VHUi HVWD GLVWkQFLD 8PD YDULDomR LQLFLDO QD GLVWkQFLD
DFLRQDXPDYiOYXODTXHFRPDQGDRVLVWHPDGHUHJXODJHPGDDOWXUD1RUPDOPHQWH
DUHJXODJHPGDDOWXUDYHULILFDVHHPDPEDVDVH[WUHPLGDGHVGRDXWRPyYHO
6XVSHQVmRSQHXPiWLFD2DMXVWDPHQWRGDDOWXUDGHXPDXWRPyYHOpSRVVtYHOSRU
PHLRGDVXVSHQVmRSQHXPiWLFDVLVWHPDVLPSOHVXWLOL]DGRDWXDOPHQWHDSHQDVQXP
PRGHORGHVpULHR0HUFHGHVeVLPSOHVRSULQFLSLRGDVXVSHQVmRSQHXPiWLFD
5HFLSLHQWHV GHIRUPiYHLV FRQWHQGR R DU FRPSULPLGR VXEVWLWXHP DV PRODV
FRQYHQFLRQDLV R PRYLPHQWR DVFHQGHQWH GD URGD UHGX] R YROXPH GR UHFLSLHQWH GH
DU DXPHQWDQGR D VXD SUHVVmR GH WDO PDQHLUD TXH HVWH WHQGH D H[SDQGLUVH
QRYDPHQWH
4XDQGRDFDUJDDXPHQWDXPDYiOYXODUHJXODGRUDGDDOWXUDOLJDDPROD³PROD´GH
DU j DOWD SUHVVmR 4XDQGR D FDUJDGLPLQXL D SUHVVmR DEDL[D GHYLGR j VDtGD GR DU
SDUDDDWPRVIHUDDWUDYpVGHXPDYiOYXOD

Sistema elétrico


&HUFDGHPHWURVGHILRXQHPRVFRPSRQHQWHVHOpWULFRVQXPDXWRPyYHODWXDO
7RGRVRVILRVGDLQVWDODomRjH[FHomRGDVOLJDo}HVjPDVVDjEDWHULDHDRVFDERV
GH DOWD WHQVmR GD LJQLomR DSUHVHQWDP FRUHV GLYHUVDV TXH FRUUHVSRQGHP D XP
FyGLJR GH LGHQWLILFDomR 1D PDLRULD GRV DXWRPyYHLV R FyGLJR HVWi QRUPDOL]DGR D




ILP GH SHUPLWLU UHFRQKHFHU UDSLGDPHQWH RV GLIHUHQWHV FLUFXLWRV DR HIHWXDUVH
TXDOTXHUUHSDUDomR
$ EDWHULD DWXD FRPR UHVHUYDWyULR GH HQHUJLD TXH IRUQHFH DR VLVWHPD TXDQGR R
PRWRU HVWi SDUDGR TXDQGR WUDEDOKD D XP UHJLPH VXSHULRU GD PDUFKD OHQWD R
DOWHUQDGRU VXSUH WRGDV DV QHFHVVLGDGHV GH HQHUJLD GR DXWRPyYHO H FDUUHJD D
EDWHULD 3DUD PDQWHU R PRWRU GR DXWRPyYHO HP IXQFLRQDPHQWR VmR DSHQDV
VROLFLWDGRV DOJXQV HOHPHQWRV GR VLVWHPD HOpWULFR RV UHVWDQWHV ID]HP IXQFLRQDU DV
OX]HVOLPSDGRUHVGHSDUDEULVDVHRXWURVDFHVVyULRV$OJXQVGHVWHVFRPRDEX]LQD
SRU H[HPSOR VmR FRQVLGHUDGRV REULJDWyULRV SRU OHL VHQGR PXLWRV RXWURV
FRQVLGHUDGRVH[WUDV
,QVWDODomR GRV GLIHUHQWHV FLUFXLWRV ± $ FRUUHQWH GR VLVWHPD HOpWULFR GH XP
DXWRPyYHOpIRUQHFLGDSHODEDWHULD±TXDQGRRPRWRUQmRHVWDIXQFLRQDQGR±HSHOR
JHUDGRU QRUPDOPHQWH XP GtQDPR TXH IRL VXEVWLWXtGR SRU XP DOWHUQDGRU TXH
IRUQHFH D FRUUHQWH QHFHVViULD SDUD R Q~PHUR VHPSUH FUHVFHQWH GH DFHVVyULRV
HOpWULFRVTXHRVDXWRPyYHLVPRGHUQRVLQFOXHP
6HPSUH TXH R PRWRU HVWLYHU SDUDGR WRGD D FRUUHQWH XWLOL]DGD WHP D YROWDJHP
WHQVmRGDEDWHULD QRUPDOPHQWHYROWV &RPRDOWHUQDGRU HPIXQFLRQDPHQWR
D FRUUHQWH p XWLOL]DGD DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH j WHQVmR GH  YROWV H[FHWR D TXH p
IRUQHFLGDjVYHODVGHLJQLomRTXHpHOHYDGDSDUDPDLVGHYROWVSRUPHLRGH
VLVWHPDGDLJQLomR
8PD GDV SULQFLSDLV IXQo}HV GR VLVWHPD HOpWULFR FRQVLVWH HP SURGX]LU D IDtVFD TXH
SHUPLWHDH[SORVmRQRVFLOLQGURVGDPLVWXUDFRPSULPLGDDJDVROLQDHRDUDOpPGH
WRUQDU SRVVtYHO R DUUDQTXH GR PRWRU WpUPLFR SRU PHLR GR PRWRU GH DUUDQTXH 2
VLVWHPD HOpWULFR GH XP YHtFXOR HVWi GLYLGLGR HP FLUFXLWRV FDGD XP GRV TXDLV FRP
GLIHUHQWHVIXQo}HVEiVLFDVHFRPDQGRV6mRHOHVRFLUFXLWRGHLJQLomRRFLUFXLWRGH
DUUDQTXH R FLUFXLWR GD FDUJD GD EDWHULD R FLUFXLWR GDV OX]HV H RV FLUFXLWRV
DFHVVyULRVSRUYH]HVFRPDQGDGRSHORLQWHUUXSWRUGDLJQLomRHQDPDLRUSDUWHGRV
FDVRVSURWHJLGRVSRUXPIXVtYHO
8P IXVtYHO IXQGLGR TXHLPDGR LQGLFD TXDVH VHPSUH TXH Ki XPD DYDULD HP
TXDOTXHU RXWUR SRQWR TXH QmR VHMD R SUySULR IXVtYHO WDO FRPR VREUHFDUJD GH XP
FLUFXLWR SDUWLQGRVH GR SULQFLSLR GH TXH IRL XWLOL]DGR R IXVtYHO DGHTXDGR 2V
FRPSRQHQWHV HOpWULFRV GH XP DXWRPyYHO HVWmR OLJDGRV DWUDYpV GH LQWHUUXSWRUHV D
XPGRVODGRVGDEDWHULDHVWDQGRRRXWURODGROLJDGRjFDUURFHULDRXDRFKDVVLLVWR
p j PDVVD 'HVWH PRGR R FLUFXLWR GH TXDOTXHU FRPSRQHQWH FRPSOHWDVH DWUDYpV
GDFDUURFHULDTXHGHVHPSHQKDQDTXHOHDIXQomRGHXPILRRGRUHWRUQRjPDVVD
(VWH SURFHVVR GH OLJDomR j PDVVDQmR Vy HFRQRPL]D FHUFD GH  PHWURV GHILR GH
FREUH PDV WDPEpP UHGX] D SRVVLELOLGDGH GH LQWHUUXSomR QR FLUFXLWR H VLPSOLILFD D
ORFDOL]DomR GH DYDULD H D LQVWDODomR GH H[WUDV 5HFRUUHVH D ILRV GH GLIHUHQWHV
GLkPHWURV SDUD SRVVLELOLWDU D SDVVDJHP GD FRUUHQWH QHFHVViULD VHP FDXVDU
DTXHFLPHQWR GR ILR $VVLP QD OLJDomR HQWUH R PRWRU GHDUUDQTXH HD EDWHULDSRU
H[HPSOR XWLOL]DVH XP ILR GH GLkPHWUR PXLWR PDLRU TXH DV GRV UHVWDQWHV ILRV
SRUTXHDFRUUHQWHTXHRDWUDYHVVDFKHJDDDWLQJLUGHD$1RVHVTXHPDV
HOpWULFRVDVFRUHVGRVILRVVmRQRUPDOPHQWHLQGLFDGDVSRUPHLRGHOHWUDV



















Motor de arranque


$ )XQomR GR PRWRU GH DUUDQTXH FRQVLVWH HP DFLRQDU R PRWRU GR YHLFXOR DWp TXH
WHQKDPLQtFLRDVH[SORV}HVHHVWHSRVVDIXQFLRQDUSRUVLPHVPR
2VPRWRUHVDJDVROLQDQDVXDPDLRULDWrPGHDWLQJLUXPPtQLPRGH530SDUD
DUUDQFDU R TXH H[LJH XPD SRWrQFLD HOpWULFD FRQVLGHUiYHO SDUWLFXODUPHQWH QR
LQYHUQRTXDQGRRPRWRUHVWiIULRHRyOHRPDLVHVSHVVR
2PRWRUGHDUUDQTXHpRFRPSRQHQWHHOpWULFRTXHPDLRUGHVFDUJDLPS}HjEDWHULD
QRPRPHQWRHPTXHIXQFLRQDSRGHFRQVXPLUHQWUHD$HHPDSHQDVWUrV
VHJXQGRVSRGHGHVFDUUHJDUDPHVPDTXDQWLGDGHGHHQHUJLDGHVSHQGLGDSHODOX]GH
HVWDFLRQDPHQWRGXUDQWHXPDKRUD3RUHVWHPRWLYRRPRWRUGHDUUDQTXHQHFHVVLWD
GH XP LQWHUUXSWRU UHVLVWHQWHH GHYH VHU OLJDGR jEDWHULD SRU XP FDER GHGLkPHWUR
PDLRU
$R PHVPR WHPSR TXH VH DFLRQD R PRWRU GH DUUDQTXH D EDWHULD GHYH IRUQHFHU
FRUUHQWH DR VLVWHPD GH LJQLomR SDUD TXH VDOWHP DV IDtVFDV QRV FLOLQGURV 6H D
EDWHULD HVWLYHU SRXFR FDUUHJDGD H SRUWDQWR FRP XPD WHQVmR DEDL[R GR VHX
QRUPDO SRGH DFRQWHFHU TXH R PRWRU GH DUUDQTXH DR FRQVXPLU GHPDVLDGD
TXDQWLGDGH GH FRUUHQWH QmR SHUPLWD DR VLVWHPD GH LJQLomR JHUDU D YROWDJHP
VXILFLHQWHPHQWHHOHYDGDSDUDID]HUVDOWDUDVIDtVFDVHQWUHRVHOpWURGRVGDVYHODVGH
LJQLomR
2 PRWRU GH DUUDQTXH ID] JLUDU R YLUDEUHTXLP SRU PHLR GH XPD URGD GHQWDGD $
HQJUHQDJHPPHQRUSLQKmRHVWiPRQWDGDQRHL[RGRPRWRUGHDUUDQTXHHHQJDWD
FRPDHQJUHQDJHPPDLRUFUHPDOKHLUDPRQWDGDjYROWDGRYRODQWHGRPRWRU
$UHODomRGHUHGXomRHQWUHHVWDVGXDVHQJUHQDJHQVpJHUDOPHQWHGHFHUFDGH
2 SLQKmR GR PRWRU GH DUUDQTXH GHVHQJUHQDVH GD FUHPDOKHLUD ORJR TXH R PRWRU
FRPHoDDIXQFLRQDUFDVRFRQWUiULRRPRWRUDFLRQDULDRPRWRUGHDUUDQTXHFRPD
FRQVHTHQWHGHVWUXLomRGHVWH2VLVWHPDPDLVXWLOL]DGRSDUDHVVHHIHLWRpFKDPDGR
GH%HQGL[
2 PRWRU GH DUUDQTXH IXQFLRQD VHJXQGR R PHVPR
SULQFtSLRGHTXDOTXHURXWURPRWRU HOpWULFR,VWRp
DSURYHLWDQGRDUHDomRHQWUHHOHWURtPmV




8PPRWRUHOpWULFRFRQWpPHOHWURtPmVERELQDVGHILRHQURODGRHPQ~FOHRVGHIHUUR
DVERELQDVLQGXWRUDV$HOHWULFLGDGHDRSDVVDUDWUDYpVGHFDGDERELQDPDJQHWL]DR
Q~FOHR IRUPDQGR XP FDPSR PDJQpWLFR FRP SyORV QRUWH H VXO 8P PRWRU GH
DUUDQTXHFRPS}HVHGHXPFRQMXQWRIL[RGHERELQDVJHUDOPHQWHTXDWURGLVSRVWDV
QR LQWHULRU GR FRUSR GR PRWRU (QWUH HODV SRGH JLUDU OLYUHPHQWH R LQGX]LGR TXH p
FRQVWLWXtGR SRU XPD VpULH GH ERELQDV FDGD XPD XQLGD D XP SDU GH OkPLQDV GH
FREUHLVRODGDVTXHIRUPDPRFROHWRUGRLQGX]LGR4XDQGRDFRUUHQWHSDVVDDWUDYpV
GDERELQDGRLQGX]LGRHVWDFRPSRUWDVHFRPRXPLPm
$FRUUHQWHSDVVDDWUDYpVGHHVFRYDVIL[DV±TXHHVWmRHPFRQWDWRFRPRFROHWRU±
SDUDXPDERELQDGRLQGX]LGR$DWUDomRHDUHSXOVmRHQWUHRVFDPSRVPDJQpWLFRV
GDVERELQDVLQGXWRUDVHDVERELQDVGRLQGX]LGRID]JLUDUHVWH~OWLPR
$VVLPTXHRFROHWRUFRPHoDDJLUDUDVHVFRYDVID]HPFRQWDWRFRPRSDUVHJXLQWH
GHOkPLQDVGHFREUHOLJDGDVDRXWUDERELQDGRLQGX]LGRTXHUHVXOWDDFRQWLQXDomR
GR PRYLPHQWR (VWH SURFHVVR UHSHWHVH LQLQWHUUXSWDPHQWH HQTXDQWR FDGD SDU GH
OkPLQDVGRFROHWRUIL]HUFRQWDWRFRPDVHVFRYDV'HVWDIRUPDRLQGX]LGRFRQWLQXDD
JLUDUHQTXDQWRDVHVFRYDVWUDQVPLWLUHPFRUUHQWHDFDGDERELQDGRLQGX]LGR
2 PRWRU GH DUUDQTXH QmR QHFHVVLWD GH TXDLVTXHU GLVSRVLWLYRV GH FRPDQGR D
PHVPDOLJDomRDOLPHQWDRLQGX]LGRHRVHQURODPHQWRVGDVLQGXWRUDVDUPDGXUDH
HQFRQWUDVH LQVWDODGD GH WDO PDQHLUD TXH UHWLUD GD EDWHULD H[DWDPHQWH D FRUUHQWH
QHFHVViULDSDUDID]HUJLUDURPRWRU
$VVLP TXH R PRWRU FRPHoD D IXQFLRQDU R SLQKmR GR PRWRU GH DUUDQTXH GHYH VHU
GHVHQJDWDGR GR YRODQWH GR PRWRU TXH S{V HP PRYLPHQWR 3DUD HVWH HIHLWR R
SLQKmR p PRQWDGR FRP EDVWDQWH IROJD QXP HL[R FRP URVFD GH ILWD H PRYHVH
OLYUHPHQWHDRORQJRGHVWH


4XDQGR R HL[R FRPHoD D JLUDU D LQpUFLD GR SLQKmR D VXD UHVLVWrQFLD DR
PRYLPHQWR ID] JLUDU PDLV OHQWDPHQWH TXH R HL[R (P FRQVHTrQFLD R SLQKmR
GHVORFDVH DR ORQJR GR HL[R URVFDQGR H HQJDWD QRV GHQWHV GD FUHPDOKHLUD GR
YRODQWH 8PD YH] HQJDWDGR ID] JLUDU R YRODQWH TXH SHOR IDWR GH HVWDU IL[DGR SRU
SDUDIXVRVDRYLUDEUHTXLPS}HRPRWRUHPIXQFLRQDPHQWR
4XDQGR R PRWRU GR YHtFXOR FRPHoD D IXQFLRQDU SRU VL SUySULR D FUHPDOKHLUD GR
YRODQWH GR YRODQWH SDVVD D DFLRQDU R SLQKmR HP YH] GH VHU DFLRQDGD SRU HVWH
4XDQGR D YHORFLGDGH WUDQVPLWLGD DR SLQKmR H[FHGHU D GR HL[R GR PRWRU GH
DUUDQTXHRSLQKmRYROWDDHQURVFDUVHQRHL[R




 
%2%,1$'(&+$0$'$

1HVWHVLVWHPDTXHWHPDYDQWDJHPGHHYLWDUDGHVWUXLomRGRLQGX]LGRDERELQDGH
FKDPDGD RX VROHQyLGH IL[DGD DR FRUSR GR PRWRU GH DUUDQTXH SRU PHLR GH
SDUDIXVRVDSUHVHQWDQXPDGDVH[WUHPLGDGHVGRVHXHL[RPyYHODSODFDTXHS}H
HP FRQWDWR D EDWHULD FRP R PRWRU GH DUUDQTXH XPD YH] DFLRQDGD D FKDYH GH
LJQLomR




 
,17(5583725'202725'($55$148(

&RPR R PRWRU GH DUUDQTXH FRQVRPH XPD FRUUHQWH GH HOHYDGD LQWHQVLGDGH R
LQWHUUXSWRU TXH DFLRQD GHYH UHVLVWLU D HVWD FRUUHQWH SHOR TXH VmR QHFHVViULRV
FRQWDWRVUHVLVWHQWHV
2VROHQyLGHID] HQFRVWDU RV FRQWDWRVDWUDYpVGH XP SRWHQWHHOHWURtPmH QHFHVVLWD
DSHQDV GH FRUUHQWH GH IUDFD LQWHQVLGDGH p SRU VXD YH] DFLRQDGR SRU XP
LQWHUUXSWRU GH PHQRUHV GLPHQV}HV PRQWDGR MXQWR DR PRWRULVWD RX VHMD R
LQWHUUXSWRUGHLJQLomR
2V FDERV HOpWULFRV GD EDWHULD SDUD R VROHQyLGH H GR VROHQyLGH SDUD R PRWRU GH
DUUDQTXH GHYHP VHU GH PDLRU GLkPHWUR H HVWDU EHP OLJDGRV SDUD TXH SRVVDP
WUDQVPLWLUDFRUUHQWHGHOHYDGDLQWHQVLGDGH

Alternador
2VHOHPHQWRVJHUDGRUHVGRDOWHUQDGRUFRQVWLWXHPRLQGX]LGRTXHHQFRQWUDPVHQR
LQWHULRU GH XP DQHO IL[R GH IHUUR PDFLR ± R HVWDWRU 2 LQGXWRU RX URWRU HVWi




PRQWDGRHPURODPHQWRVH[LVWHQWHVQRLQWHULRUGRDOWHUQDGRUHpDFLRQDGRSRUXPD
FRUUHLD

2 URWRU FRQWpP DSHQDV XP HQURODPHQWR FRQVWLWXLQGR XPD ERELQD FRP FDGD
H[WUHPLGDGH OLJDGD D XP DQHO FROHWRU LVRODGRU $ FRUUHQWH p WUDQVPLWLGD DRV DQpLV
FROHWRUHV SRU GXDV SHTXHQDV HVFRYDV GH FDUYmR IL[DV TXDQGR D FRUUHQWH SDVVD
DWUDYpVGDERELQDGRURWRUHVWHWUDQVIRUPDVHQXPHOHWURtPm±XPDH[WUHPLGDGH
WRUQDVHSyORQRUWHHDRXWUDSyORVXO
$ FRUUHQWH p JHUDGD QR HQURODPHQWR GR HVWDWRU TXDQGR XP HOHWURtPm SDVVD SRU
FDGD ERELQD GR HVWDWRU TXDQWR PDLRU IRU R Q~PHUR GH YH]HV TXH RV HOHWURtPmV
SDVVHPSRUFDGDERELQDQXPGHWHUPLQDGRHVSDoRGHWHPSRPDLVHOHYDGDVHUiD
LQWHQVLGDGHGDFRUUHQWHJHUDGD
$RFRQWUiULRGRGtQDPRXPDOWHUQDGRUQmRJHUDFRUUHQWHFRQWtQXDYLVWRQmRSRVVXLU
TXDOTXHUFROHWRU3yORVQRUWHHVXOSDVVDPVXFHVVLYDPHQWHSRUFDGDHQURODPHQWR
GR HVWDWRU JHUDQGR DOWHUQDGDPHQWH FRUUHQWH SRVLWLYD H QHJDWLYD (VWD FRUUHQWH
DOWHUQDGD p WUDQVIRUPDGD HP FRUUHQWH FRQWtQXD ± QHFHVViULD SDUD FDUUHJDU D
EDWHULD ± SRU LQWHUPpGLR GH YiOYXODV HOHWU{QLFDV GH VHQWLGR ~QLFR GHQRPLQDGRV
GtRGRVRX UHWLILFDGRUHVPRQWDGRVQRLQWHULRUGRDOWHUQDGRU&RPRDOJXPDVGHVWDV
YiOYXODV GHL[DP SDVVDU DSHQDV FRUUHQWH QHJDWLYD HQTXDQWR RXWUDV DSHQDV
FRUUHQWHVSRVLWLYDVpFRQWtQXDDFRUUHQWHSURYHQLHQWHGRVWHUPLQDLV
8P DOWHUQDGRU OLPLWD R VHX SUySULR GpELWR GH FRUUHQWH 2V UHWLILFDGRUHV XPD YH]
TXH LPSHGHP D SDVVDJHP GD FRUUHQWH QR VHQWLGR LQYHUVR IXQFLRQD FRPR
GLVMXQWRUHV (P FRQVHTXrQFLD R DOWHUQDGRU QHFHVVLWD DSHQDV GH UHJXODJHP GH
YROWDJHPSRGHQGRRUHJXODGRUGHWHQVmRVHUFRPSOHWDPHQWHWUDQVWRUL]DGRHFRP
IUHTXrQFLDLQVWDODGRQRLQWHULRUGDFDUFDoDGRDOWHUQDGRU




'DGRTXHDWHQVmRGDFRUUHQWHJHUDGDSHORGtQDPRDXPHQWDFRPDYHORFLGDGHGR
PRWRU DTXHOD QHFHVVLWD GH XPD XQLGDGH GH UHJXODJHP (VWD XQLGDGH OLPLWD D
WHQVmR FHUFD GH   YROWV SDUD TXH D EDWHULD QmR ILTXH VREUHFDUUHJDGD QHP
VHMDPGDQLILFDGRVRVGLVSRVLWLYRVHOpWULFRV
$XQLGDGHGHUHJXODJHPOLPLWDWDPEpPDLQWHQVLGDGHGDFRUUHQWHSDUDHYLWDUGDQRV
QR SUySULR JHUDGRU H SRU PHLR GH GLVMXQWRU HYLWD TXH D EDWHULD VH GHVFDUUHJXH
DWUDYpVGRGtQDPR8PDOWHUQDGRUOLPLWDDLQWHQVLGDGHGDFRUUHQWHJHUDGD

Correias
&255(,$6
$WUDYpV GR PRYLPHQWR GR YLUDEUHTXLP D FRUUHLD PRYLPHQWD R DOWHUQDGRU ERPED
G¶iJXD ERPED GD GLUHomR KLGUiXOLFD FRPSUHVVRU GR DU FRQGLFLRQDGR HQWUH RXWURV
FRPSRQHQWHV
%DVLFDPHQWH HQFRQWUDPRV WUrV WLSRV GH FRUUHLDV HP XP YHtFXOR GHSHQGHQGR GR
PRGHORHDQR

&255(,$(09


 'HQWHV PROGDGRV SURSRUFLRQDP PDLRUIOH[LELOLGDGHPDLRU WUDomR QD WUDQVPLVVmR
GH+SGLVVLSDPPHOKRURFDORU
0LVWXUDHVSHFLDOGHERUUDFKDJDUDQWHyWLPDPDOHDELOLGDGHGRVGHQWHVUHVXOWDQGR
HPPHOKRUDGHUrQFLDjSROLD
 0DOKD GH WUDomR HP SROLpVWHU PDQWpP D HVWDELOLGDGH GLPHQVLRQDO GD FRUUHLD
JUDoDVDREDL[RFRHILFLHQWHGHGLODWDomR
 7HFLGR UHYHVWLGR GH ERUUDFKD TXH DVVHJXUD DOWD ULJLGH] WUDQVYHUVDO LPSHGLQGR
TXHDFRUUHLDWRUoDGXUDQWHRIXQFLRQDPHQWR









&255(,$0,&52932/,928Ò1,&$


 0DOKD GH WUDomR HP SROLpVWHU RIHUHFHP HVWDELOLGDGH GLPHQVLRQDO UHVLVWrQFLD
WpUPLFDHIOH[LELOLGDGH
&RPSRVLomRHVSHFLDOGHERUUDFKDUHVLVWHDRFDORUÏOHRVHSRHLUD
)RUPDHP9ORQJLWXGLQDLVSRVVLELOLWDPDLRUiUHDGHFRQWDWRHWUDQVPLVVmRLQWHJUDO
GDIRUoD
7HFLGRHPERUUDFKDGRTXHSURSRUFLRQDUHVLVWrQFLDHULJLGH]WUDQVYHUVDO

&RUUHLDGHDOWDHILFLrQFLDDSUHVHQWDQGRSHUILOPDLVEDL[RHJUDQGHiUHDGHFRQWDWR
FRPDVSROLDV

&255(,$'83/$


3RXFRXWLOL]DGDVQRVDXWRPyYHLV

&255(,$6,1&521,=$'$28'(17$'$




 5HYHVWLPHQWR HVSHFLDO DOWDPHQWH UHVLVWHQWH D DJHQWHV H[WHUQRV yOHR DomR GR
R]{QLRFDORUHWF
 'HQWHV PROGDGRV TXH SURSRUFLRQDP D WUDQVPLVVmR SUHFLVD GR WRUTXH H[HUFLGR
SHORPRWRU
7UDPDGHSROLDPLGDWHPFRPRIXQomRSURWHJHURVGHQWHVHRIHUHFHUUHVLVWrQFLD
 0DOKD GH WUDomR FRQVWUXtGD HP ILEUD GH YLGUR RIHUHFH PDLRU UHVLVWrQFLD H
HVWDELOLGDGHGLPHQVLRQDO

(PWRGRVRVPRWRUHVDH[SORVmR H[LVWHDQHFHVVLGDGHGHVLQFURQL]DURPRYLPHQWR
GR YLUDEUHTXLP FRP R HL[R GRFRPDQGRGH YiOYXODV QXP PHVPR FRPSDVVR SDUD
TXH VH WRUQH SRVVtYHO VHX IXQFLRQDPHQWR $V FRUUHLDV GHQWDGDV WrP H[DWDPHQWH
HVWDIXQomRLQWHUOLJDQGRDVSDUWHVPHFkQLFDVHHVWDEHOHFHQGRVHXVLQFURQLVPR

1mR p WmR UDUR TXH VH YHULILTXHP UXtGRV FDUDFWHUtVWLFRV GDV FRUUHLDV JHUDOPHQWH
SURYRFDGRV S{U WHQVmR DOWD GHVJDVWH GDV SROLDV UHVXOWDGR GR XVR GD FRUUHLD QRYD
FRPSROLDYHOKDRXJDVWD


$PDLRUSDUWHGRVSUREOHPDVFRPFRUUHLDVVLQFURQL]DGDVWHPRULJHPQDUHJXODJHP
GH VXD WHQVmR GDt D UD]mR GH XVDU PHGLGRUHV GH WHQVmR $ TXHEUD GD FRUUHLD
WDPEpP SRGH VHU FDXVDGD S{U WHQVmR LQVXILFLHQWH RX DLQGD SHOR GHVJDVWH GDV
SROLDVRXGHVHTXLOtEULRGHWROHUkQFLDGLkPHWURSHUILOHH[FHQWULFLGDGHGDVSROLDV
2GHVDOLQKDPHQWRGDVSROLDVSRGHVHURXWUDFDXVDGHVHXURPSLPHQWR
$VFRUUHLDVFRPRWRGDVDVRXWUDVSHoDVPHFkQLFDVWHPYLGD~WLOOLPLWDGDHGHYHP
VHUVXEVWLWXtGDVSHULRGLFDPHQWHGHDFRUGRFRPDVUHFRPHQGDo}HVGHIDEULFD




Dinamo


7RGRV RV DXWRPyYHLV WrP XP JHUDGRU VHP R TXDO DV QHFHVVLGDGHV GH FRUUHQWH
HOpWULFDQXPYHtFXORDWXDOHVJRWDULDPHPSRXFRPDLVGHXPDKRUDWRGDDFDUJDGH
XPDEDWHULDFDUUHJDGD2JHUDGRUSRGHVHUXPGtQDPRTXHJHUDFRUUHQWHFRQWtQXD
&& RX GH XP DOWHUQDGRU TXH JHUD FRUUHQWH DOWHUQDGD &$ TXH GHSRLV p
UHWLILFDGDSRUXPDSRQWHGHGtRGRVGLVSRVWDQRVHXLQWHULRU
8P DOWHUQDGRU SRGH GHELWDU PDLV FRUUHQWH GR TXH XP GtQDPR GDV PHVPDV
GLPHQV}HVHDVVLPFDUUHJDUDEDWHULDTXDQGRRPRWRUIXQFLRQDHPPDUFKDOHQWDR
TXHFRQVWLWXLXPDYDQWDJHPHPFRQGLo}HVGHWUiIHJRLQWHQVRHSHUPLWHDXWLOL]DomR
GH GHWHUPLQDGRV DFHVVyULRV 3RUpP FRPR XPD EDWHULD p FDUUHJDGD DSHQDV SRU
XPD FRUUHQWH FRQWtQXD R DOWHUQDGRU LPSOLFD D QHFHVVLGDGH GH XP UHWLILFDGRU SDUD
FRQYHUWHUDFRUUHQWHDOWHUQDGDHPFRQWtQXD
'DGD D GLILFXOGDGH HP UHWLUDU FRUUHQWH GR LQGX]LGR GHYLGR DRV VHXV FRPSOH[RV
HQURODPHQWRVHHPDUUHIHFrORDLQWHQVLGDGHPi[LPDGDFRUUHQWHGRGtQDPRHVWi
OLPLWDGDDFHUFDGH$HDVXDYHORFLGDGHPi[LPDD530SDUDPRWRUHVFXMD




URWDomR Pi[LPD VHMD GH   530 R GtQDPR WHUi GH GLVSRU GH XPD SROLD GH
UD]RiYHLV GLPHQV}HV FRQWXGR XP JHUDGRU TXH URGH D PHQRV GH   530 QmR
SURGX]FRUUHQWHVXILFLHQWHSDUDFDUUHJDUDEDWHULDDVVLPTXDQGRRPRWRUIXQFLRQD
HP PDUFKD OHQWD D  U S P SRU H[HPSOR D EDWHULD QmR SRGH VHU FDUUHJDGD
SRUXPGtQDPR
(P FRQWUDSDUWLGD XP DOWHUQDGRU QmR DSUHVHQWD JUDQGHV SUREOHPDV GH
DUUHIHFLPHQWRMiTXHRVVHXVHQURODPHQWRVJHUDGRUHVVmRIL[RV3RGHVHUFDOFXODGR
SDUDGHELWDUPDLVGH$GDGRTXHRVHXURWRUSRGHJLUDUDPDLVGH530
$VVLP TXDQGR R PRWRU R PRWRU IXQFLRQD HP PDUFKD OHQWD R DOWHUQDGRU
FRPDQGDGRSRUXPDSROLDGHPHQRUHVGLPHQV}HVTXHDGRPRWRUJLUDD530
±YHORFLGDGHVXILFLHQWHSDUDFDUUHJDUDEDWHULD
&RPR R GtQDPR JHUD FRUUHQWH ± 2 GtQDPR FRQVLVWH QXPD FDUFDoD QR LQWHULRU GD
TXDO VH HQFRQWUDP GRLV HOHWURtPmV IL[RV GLDPHWUDOPHQWH RSRVWRV FRQKHFLGRV SRU
LQGXWRUHVIRUPDGRVFDGDXPSRUXPDPDVVDSRODUHXPDERELQDLQGXWRUD(QWUHRV
HOHWURtPmV VLWXDVH R LQGX]LGR TXH JHUDOPHQWH FRQWpP  ERELQDV LQGHSHQGHQWHV
$V H[WUHPLGDGHV GH FDGD ERELQD HVWmR OLJDGDV D OkPLQDV GH FREUH TXH FRQVWLWXL R
FROHWRU2LQGX]LGRHVWiPRQWDGRVREUHURODPHQWRVHFDVTXLOKRVHpDFLRQDGRSHOD
FRUUHLD GD YHQWRLQKD 'XDV HVFRYDV GH FDUYmR IL[DV GLDPHWUDOPHQWH HVWmR
FRQWLQXDPHQWHHPFRQWDWRFRPRFROHWRU
4XDQGR D FRUUHQWH SDVVD DWUDYpV GRV HQURODPHQWRV GDV ERELQDV LQGXWRUDV FULDVH
XP FDPSR PDJQpWLFR 4XDQGR R LQGX]LGR JLUD QHVWH FDPSR PDJQpWLFR JHUDVH
XPD FRUUHQWH QRV HQURODPHQWRV GR LQGX]LGR (VWD FRUUHQWH GHL[D FDGD ERELQD
DWUDYpV GR FROHWRU H GDV HVFRYDV GH FDUYmR HP FRQWDWR FRP HVWH 8PD HVFRYD
UHFHEHVHPSUH XPD FRUUHQWH QHJDWLYD HQTXDQWRD RXWUD UHFHEHFRUUHQWH SRVLWLYD
SHORTXHDFRUUHQWHJHUDGDpFRQWtQXD
4XDQGRRGtQDPRHVWiDFDUUHJDQGRXPDEDWHULDIUDFDRXTXDQGRHVWmROLJDGRVRV
IDUyLVHRXWURVHOHPHQWRVGHJUDQGHFRQVXPRHOpWULFRSRGHVHUQHFHVViULRPDLVGH
+3SDUDID]HUJLUDURLQGX]LGRjYHORFLGDGHH[LJLGD 6HDFRUUHLDGRYHQWLODGRU
HVWLYHU IURX[D SDWLQDUi (P FRQVHTrQFLD R GtQDPR GHL[D GH JHUDU D FRUUHQWH
QHFHVViULDSHORTXHDEDWHULDSHUGHUiJUDGXDOPHQWHDVXDFDUJD

Faróis
3DUD DOpP GDV OX]HV GH SUHVHQoD DV ODQWHUQDV ± EUDQFDV j IUHQWH H YHUPHOKDV j
WUiV±WRGRVRVDXWRPyYHLVGHYHPWHUGXDVOX]HVGHLQWHQVLGDGHPi[LPDRVIDUyLV
DOWRV FRP XP DOFDQFH PtQLPR H RXWUDV GXDV GH LQWHQVLGDGH PpGLD RV IDUyLV
EDL[RVFRPXPDOFDQFHPi[LPRGHP HGLULJLGDVSDUDRVROR6mRWDPEpP
REULJDWyULDVSRU OHL DV OX]HV GH PXGDQoDV GHGLUHomR SLVFD SLVFD 2V DXWRPyYHLV
GHYHP DLQGD DSUHVHQWDU GRLV UHIOHWRUHV YHUPHOKRV GH VXEVWkQFLD FDWDGLyWULFD
UHIOHWRUHV TXH DVVLQDODP D SUHVHQoD GR DXWRPyYHO GH QRLWH FRP DV OX]HV
DSDJDGDV
+RMH HP GLD ILODPHQWRV LQGHSHQGHQWHV H[LVWHQWHV QXPD ~QLFD OkPSDGD HP FDGD
IDURO HPLWHP D OX] GH IDUyLV DOWRV H GH EDL[RV 1XP VLVWHPD GH TXDWUR IDUyLV RV
GRLV IDUyLV DGLFLRQDLV VmR JHUDOPHQWH GH ORQJR DOFDQFH H DSDJDPVH TXDQGR VH
DFLRQD R LQWHUUXSWRU GRV IDUyLV EDL[RV 7RGRV RV IDUyLV WrP D SRVVLELOLGDGH GH
UHJXODJHPSDUDPRGLILFDURIHL[HOXPLQRVR
$ IRQWH OXPLQRVD FRQVLVWH JHUDOPHQWH QXP ILODPHQWR GH WXQJVWrQLR DORMDGR TXHU
QXPDDPSRODTXHUQXPIDUROVHODGRFRQMXQWRySWLFRRXySWLFD2IHL[HOXPLQRVR
pPRGLILFDGRSRUUHIOHWRUHSRUSULVPDVH[LVWHQWHVQRYLGURGRIDURO
1RFDVRGHILODPHQWRVGXSORVRGRVIDUyLVDOWRHVWiJHUDOPHQWHORFDOL]DGR QRIRFR
GR UHIOHWRU SDUD VH REWHU XP IHL[H OXPLQRVR SDUDOHOR QD IDL[D GH URGDJHP H
DSRQWDGR SDUD IUHQWH 2 ILODPHQWR GRV IDUyLV EDL[RV HQFRQWUDVH TXHU IRUD GR
FHQWURTXHUSDUFLDOPHQWHRFXOWRGHIRUPDDVHUXVDGRDSHQDVDPHWDGHGRUHIOHWRU
HDVVLPHPLWLUXPIHL[HOXPLQRVRYROWDGRSDUDEDL[RHPDLVDPSOR




 

/kPSDGDV SUp  IRFDGDV ± $V OkPSDGDV SUp±IRFDGDV
FRQWrP ILODPHQWRV ULJRURVDPHQWH ORFDOL]DGRV H
DSUHVHQWDP XPD IODQJH ORFDOL]DGRUD SDUD TXH DR VHUHP
PRQWDGDV QR UHIOHWRU ± SHUPDQHQWHPHQWH   ILTXHP
VHPSUH IRFDGDV $ OkPSDGD IRL SURMHWDGD SDUD VHU
PRQWDGDDSHQDVQXPDGHWHUPLQDGDSRVLomR
/kPSDGDV GH LRGR ± (VWDV OkPSDGDV TXH SRGHP
VXEVWLWXLU DV OkPSDGDV SUp IRFDGDV IRUQHFHP XPD OX]
PDLVFODUDHPDLVLQWHQVD
$Wp Ki SRXFRV DQRV RV IDUyLV HUDP JHUDOPHQWH IRUPDGRV
SRU XPD OkPSDGD PRQWDGD QXP UHIOHWRU PHWiOLFR DWUiV
GH XPD OHQWH GH YLGUR PDV FRP R SDVVDU GR WHPSR DV
OkPSDGDVHVFXUHFLDPHRVUHIOHWRUHVILFDYDPHPEDoDGRV
GHYLGRDHQWUDGDGHSRHLUDHXPLGDGH2IDUROPRGHUQRp
IRUPDGRSRUXPFRQMXQWRVHODGRWRGRGHYLGURFRQWHQGR
GRLV ILODPHQWRV VHP OkPSDGD $ SDUWH GH WUiV GR
FRQMXQWRpSUDWHDGDDWXDQGRDVVLPFRPRXPUHIOHWRUHR
YLGURGDIUHQWHDSUHVHQWDDIRUPDGHOHQWH1DUHDOLGDGH
R FRQMXQWR FRQVWLWXL XPD JUDQGH OkPSDGD HVWDQTXH j
SRHLUDHDXPLGDGH
1XP VLVWHPD GH GRLV IDUyLV RV FRQMXQWRV VHODGRV
DSUHVHQWDP QD VXD PDLRULD XP ILODPHQWR GH  :DWWV
SDUDRVIDUyLVDOWRVHXPGH:SDUDRVEDL[RV
)DUyLV GH QHEOLQD H GH ORQJR DOFDQFH ± 2V IDUyLV GH
QHEOLQD~WHLVHPFRQGLo}HVGHQHYRHLURQHEOLQDPDUtWLPD
RX PHVPR TXHGD GH QHYH SRGHP VHU PRQWDGRV FRPR
DFHVVyULRV 2 PHVPR DFRQWHFH FRP RV IDUyLV GH ORQJR
DOFDQFH GH JUDQGH LQWHQVLGDGH ± FXMD OX] VH FRQFHQWUD
QXP IHL[H HVWUHLWR D ILP GH VH FRQVHJXLU R Pi[LPR
DOFDQFH  TXH VmR DSURSULDGRV SDUD D FRQGXomR HP
JUDQGH YHORFLGDGH HP HVWUDGDV QmR LOXPLQDGDV





 
2V IDUyLV GH QHEOLQD VmR FRQFHELGRV GH PRGR D HPLWLU XP IHL[H OXPLQRVR DPSOR H
DFKDWDGR R TXH SHUPLWH DR PRWRULVWD YHU R DFRVWDPHQWR GR ODGR GD IDL[D GH
URGDJHPSRURQGHFLUFXODHRFHQWURGHVWD6HRIDUROWLYHUXPJUDQGHGLkPHWURHR
UHIOHWRUIRUEDVWDQWHF{QFDYRDOX]VHUiPDLVLQWHQVDpFRQYHQLHQWHTXHRVIDUyLV
GHQHEOLQDVHMDPRULHQWDGRVGHIRUPDTXHDSDUWHVXSHULRUGRIHL[HOXPLQRVRDWLQMD
DIDL[DGHURGDJHPDFHUFDGHPHWURVjIUHQWHGRDXWRPyYHO
$OJXQVGHVWHVIDUyLVHPLWHPXPDOX]DPDUHODTXHDMXGDDHYLWDURRIXVFDPHQWR$
FRU GHSHQGH GD SUHIHUrQFLD GR PRWRULVWD H GHVGH TXH QmR VH WUDWH GH IDUyLV
VHODGRV D OkPSDGD SRGH VHU IDFLOPHQWH WURFDGD &RQVHJXHVH R HIHLWR GD OX]
DPDUHODDSOLFDQGRXPDSLQWXUDWUDQVSDUHQWHQHVWDFRUQRVYLGURVGRVIDUyLV1mR
H[LVWH FRQWXGR QHQKXP IXQGDPHQWR SDUD FUHU TXH RV UDLRV OXPLQRVRV DPDUHORV
SURSRUFLRQDPPHOKRUYLVLELOLGDGHGRTXHRVEUDQFRV±H[FHWRSRVVLYHOPHQWHFRP
OHYHOHEOLQD
2V IDUyLV GH ORQJR DOFDQFH HPLWHP XP IHL[H OXPLQRVR FRQFHQWUDGR TXH GHYH VHU
DSRQWDGREHPSDUDDGLUHLWDHSUHFLVDPHQWHDFLPDGDSDUWHVXSHULRUGRIHL[HGDOX]
GRVIDUyLVEDL[RV
$V OkPSDGDV GH LRGR WrP XPD SRWrQFLD OXPLQRVD VXSHULRU jV GDV OkPSDGDV
FRPXQV GH ILODPHQWR GH WXQJVWrQLR (UDP IDEULFDGDV D SULQFtSLR FRP XP Vy
ILODPHQWRVHQGRQHFHVViULRXPVROHQyLGHSDUDEDL[DUDOkPSDGDRXUHIOHWRUDILP
GH REWHU RV IDUyLV EDL[RV 3RU HVWD UD]mR DV OkPSDGDV GH LRGR HUDP JHUDOPHQWH
PRQWDGDV HP IDUyLV GH ORQJR DOFDQFH SDUD SHUFXUVRV HP HVWUDGD H HP IDUyLV GH
QHEOLQD $WXDOPHQWH DV OkPSDGDV GH LRGR FRP GRLV ILODPHQWRV VmR SHUPXWiYHLV
FRPDVOkPSDGDVQRUPDLV
$VOkPSDGDVGHLRGRQmRHVFXUHFHPFRPRDVRXWUDVOkPSDGDVSRLVRVHLQYyOXFUR
p IHLWR GH TXDUW]R H QmR GH YLGUR H FKHLR GH JiV KDORJrQLR (VWDV OkPSDGDV QmR
GHYHP VHU WRFDGDV FRP DV PmRV Mi TXH R VDO SUHVHQWH QD WUDQVSLUDomR SRGH
PDQFKDURTXDUW]R


)$5Ï,6,17(/,*(17(6

6LVWHPDGHVHQYROYLGRSDUDTXHRVIDUyLVWHQKDPXPSDGUmRGHLOXPLQDomRYDULiYHO
HP IXQomR GD XWLOL]DomR GR PHVPR e FRPSRVWR GH VHQVRUHV H FkPHUD GH




LQIUDYHUPHOKRTXHPRQLWRUDRIHFKRHPIXQomRGDYHORFLGDGHkQJXORGHGLUHomRH
FRQGLo}HVGHWUiIHJRLOXPLQDQGRVRPHQWHDTXLORTXHLQWHUHVVDSDUDRPRWRULVWD

Buzina


$V EX]LQDV GH GLDIUDJPD H DV GH WURPSD IXQFLRQDP GH PDQHLUD VHPHOKDQWH $
FRUUHQWH HOpWULFD SDVVD DWUDYpV GH XP SDU GH FRQWDWRV FULDQGR H VXSULPLQGR XP
FDPSRPDJQpWLFRTXHID]YLEUDUXPGLDIUDJPD

%X]LQDHOpWULFDGHWURPSD±$VYDULDo}HVQRFDPSRPDJQpWLFRSURYRFDPDYLEUDomR
GRGLDIUDJPD
%X]LQDHOpWULFDVLPSOHV±2VRPpSURGX]LGRSHODYLEUDomRGHXPGLDIUDJPD
%X]LQDVSQHXPiWLFDV±1HVWHWLSRGHEX]LQDR DUSURYHQLHQWHGH XPDERPEDID]
YLEUDUXPGLDIUDJPD

Limpador de parabrisa
2V OLPSDGRUHV GH SiUD EULVDV VmR DFLRQDGRV SRU XP SHTXHQR PRWRU HOpWULFR (VWH
S}H HP PRYLPHQWR XP PHFDQLVPR GH HQJUHQDJHP H PDQLYHOD TXH FRQYHUWH R
PRYLPHQWR URWDWLYR QXP PRYLPHQWR DOWHUQDWLYR QHFHVViULR SDUD DFLRQDU D KDVWH
GDV SDOKHWDV 2 FRPSULPHQWR GD PDQLYHOD H HP DOJXQV PRGHORV D WUDQVPLVVmR
PHFkQLFDFRQGLFLRQDRIXQFLRQDPHQWRDQJXODUGDVSDOKHWDV$OpPGRLQWHUUXSWRUGR
OLPSDGRUGHSDUDEULVDTXHVHHQFRQWUDQRSDLQHOH[LVWHRXWURLQWHUUXSWRUOLJDGRDR
FRQMXQWRGDPDQLYHOD4XDQGRRPRWRULVWDGHVOLJDRLQWHUUXSWRUGRVOLPSDGRUHVGH
SiUDEULVDHVWHVFRQWLQXDPDIXQFLRQDUDWpDWLQJLUHPDSRVLomRGHUHSRXVRRTXHp
SRVVtYHO JUDoDV DR VLVWHPD GH GRLV LQWHUUXSWRUHV $OJXQV PRWRUHV GH OLPSDGRU GH
SDUD EULVDV DSUHVHQWDP WDPEpP XP WHUPRVWDWR $VVLP VH RV OLPSDGRUHV GH SDUD
EULVDVILFDUHPGHWLGRVHPTXDOTXHUSRVLomRGHYLGRDRJHORRXjQHYHRPRWRUQmR
VH TXHLPDUi WHQWDQGR PRYrORV 0RWRUHV GH GXDV YHORFLGDGHV SHUPLWHP TXH DV
SDOKHWDVVHPRYDPPDLVOHQWDPHQWHRXPDLVUDSLGDPHQWH
3DOKHWD GROLPSDGRU GH SiUD EULVD 2 PRYLPHQWR GH FDGD SDOKHWD p FRQGLFLRQDGR
SHORFRPSULPHQWRGRVGLYHUVRVHOHPHQWRVGRVLVWHPDGHWUDQVPLVVmRDUWLFXODGD




 
/,03$'25'(3È5$%5,6$(/(75Ð1,&2

7HP DFLRQDPHQWR DXWRPiWLFR GR VLVWHPD DWUDYpV GH XP PRGXOR GH FRQWUROH H
VHQVRU GH FKXYD TXH VH DMXVWD FRP D LQWHQVLGDGH GD FKXYD DXPHQWDQGR D
TXDOLGDGHGDOLPSH]DHGDQGRPDLRUYLVLELOLGDGH

Pisca-pisca
7RGRV RV DXWRPyYHLV WrP SLVFDSLVFD QD IUHQWH H DWUiV H DOJXQV DLQGD WHP QDV
ODWHUDLV 8PD OX] QR LQWHULRU GR YHtFXOR SDLQHO OHPEUD R PRWRULVWD TXH R SLVFD
SLVFDHVWiHPIXQFLRQDPHQWR
$ OX] GR SLVFDSLVFD p LQWHUPLWHQWH SHOD DomR GH XP GLVSRVLWLYR R DXWRPiWLFR GR
SLVFDSLVFD UHOH TXDQGR VH DFLRQD R LQWHUUXSWRU D FRUUHQWH SURYHQLHQWH GD
EDWHULD SDVVD DWUDYpV GH XP FLUFXLWR TXH LQFOXL XP ILR GH UHVLVWrQFLD WHQVR $
FRUUHQWHDTXHFHRILRGHUHVLVWrQFLDGLODWDQGRRSHUPLWLQGRDVVLPTXHRVFRQWDWRV
IHFKHPRVFLUFXLWRV
'HVWHPRGRDFRUUHQWHGHL[DGHVHUOLPLWDGDSHORILRGHUHVLVWrQFLDHSDVVDSDUDDV
OkPSDGDV GR SLVFDSLVFD DFHQGHQGRDV $VVLP DV OkPSDGDV DFHGHP R ILR GH
UHVLVWrQFLDFRPHoDDDUUHIHFHUHFRQWUDLUVHVHSDUDQGRVHGHVWHPRGRRVFRQWDWRV
GRTXHUHVXOWDDSDJDUHPVHDVOX]HV(VWHFLFORUHSHWHVHHQWUHVHVVHQWDHFHQWRH
YLQWHYH]HVS{UPLQXWRDWpTXHRLQWHUUXSWRUVHMDGHVOLJDGR
2 LQWHUUXSWRU GR SLVFDSLVFD HVWi LQVWDODGR QD FROXQD GH GLUHomR $OJXQV PRGHORV
SRGHPDFLRQDUDLQGDRLQWHUUXSWRUGHOX]HVHGRVIDUyLVEDL[RVHLQFOXLURERWmRGD
EX]LQD 2V LQWHUUXSWRUHV GR SLVFDSLVFD VmR JHUDOPHQWH GHVOLJDGRV
DXWRPDWLFDPHQWH SHOD GLUHomR SRU PHLR GH XP GLVSRVLWLYR TXH FRQVLVWH QXP
SHTXHQRSLQRDGDSWDGRDRHL[RGDGLUHomR
4XDQGR R LQWHUUXSWRU GR SLVFDSLVFD p DFLRQDGR XPD SHTXHQD DODYDQFD IOH[tYHO p
GHVORFDGD SDUD R SHUFXUVR GR SLQR 4XDQGR R YRODQWH VH PRYH QD GLUHomR
SUHWHQGLGDDDODYDQFDIOHWHGHIRUPDDSDVVDUVREUHRSLQRTXDQGRRYRODQWHJLUD
HPVHQWLGRRSRVWRRSLQRDFLRQDDDODYDQFDDSDJDQGRRSLVFDSLVFD




Painel
2V SDLQpLV DSUHVHQWDP XP LQWHUUXSWRU GD LJQLomR XP LQGLFDGRU GR QtYHO GH
JDVROLQD XPLQGLFDGRU GR QtYHO GHWHPSHUDWXUD GDiJXD YiULDV OX]HVFRORULGDV GH
DYLVRHXPYHORFtPHWURFRPRG{PHWUR
9HORFtPHWUR ± 2 YHORFtPHWUR FRQVLVWH JHUDOPHQWH PRVWUDGRU FLUFXODU RQGH D
YHORFLGDGHpLQGLFDGDS{UXPSRQWHLURTXHDSRQWDSDUDRVQ~PHURV


2G{PHWUR  /LJDGR DR YHORFtPHWUR H[LVWH JHUDOPHQWH XP RG{PHWUR TXH UHJLVWUD D
GLVWkQFLD SHUFRUULGD H FXMD D OHLWXUD pIHLWD QR PRVWUDGRUGHVWH $OJXQV RG{PHWURV
IRUQHFHP GXDV LQGLFDo}HV D TXLORPHWUDJHP WRWDO RX SDUFLDO FRUUHVSRQGHQWH j
YLDJHPHPFXUVR
&RQWDJLURV  (P DOJXQVDXWRPyYHLV HVSHFLDOPHQWH RV HVSRUWLYRV DSUHVHQWDP XP
FRQWDJLURV RX WDTXtPHWUR TXH IXQFLRQD HOHWURQLFDPHQWH H LQGLFD D YHORFLGDGH D
TXHJLUDRYLUDEUHTXLPGRPRWRU
2V Q~PHURV TXH R PRWRULVWD Yr VmR JHUDOPHQWH P~OWLSORV GH  H GHYHP VHU
PXOWLSOLFDGRVSRUSDUDLQGLFDUDVURWDo}HVSRUPLQXWRGRPRWRU

,QGLFDGRU GH WHPSHUDWXUD GD iJXD  2 LQGLFDGRU GH WHPSHUDWXUD H R LQGLFDGRU GR
QtYHO GD JDVROLQD EDVHLDPVH QR PHVPR SULQFLSLR GH IXQFLRQDPHQWR 7rP
PRVWUDGRUHV GLIHUHQWHV H SRVVXHP DPERV JHUDOPHQWH XPD OkPLQD ELPHWiOLFD H
XP SRQWHLUR 4XDQGR D FRUUHQWH SDVVD DWUDYpV GH XPD ERELQD HQURODGD HP WRUQR



GDOkPLQDELPHWiOLFDHVWDDTXHFHHGREUDVHMiTXH RVPHWDLVTXHD FRPS}H QmR
WHPRVPHVPRVFRHILFLHQWHVGHGLODWDomR


¬ PHGLGD TXH D OkPLQD VH FXUYD R SRQWHLUR OLJDGR D HVWD GHVORFDVH VREUH XPD
HVFDOD$LQWHQVLGDGHGDFRUUHQWHHHPFRQVHTrQFLDDWHPSHUDWXUDGDOkPLQDVmR
UHJXODGDVS{UXPDXQLGDGHVHQVtYHOjWHPSHUDWXUDWHUPRUHVLVWrQFLD2LQGLFDGRU
GH WHPSHUDWXUD SRGH SHUPLWLU XPD OHLWXUD H[DWD HP JUDXV RX DSUR[LPDGD HP
LQLFLDLV&FROG±IULR1QRUPDOH+KRW±TXHQWH

,QGLFDGRUGRQtYHOGHFRPEXVWtYHO

$XQLGDGHVHQVtYHOQRLQGLFDGRUGRQtYHOGRFRPEXVWtYHOFRQVLVWHQXPUHyVWDWRRX
UHVLVWrQFLDYDULiYHO PRQWDGR QR WDQTXH GDJDVROLQD 8PD EROD TXHVREHH GHVFH
FRQVRDQWH R QtYHO GD JDVROLQD PRYH XPD DODYDQFD OLJDGD j UHVLVWrQFLD YDULiYHO
DOWHUDQGRDVVLPDLQWHQVLGDGHGDFRUUHQWHTXHSDVVDDWUDYpVGRLQGLFDGRU4XDQWR
PDLV HOHYDGR IRU R QtYHO GR FRPEXVWtYHO PHQRU VHUi D UHVLVWrQFLD PDLRU VHUi D
LQWHQVLGDGH GD FRUUHQWH TXH DWUDYHVVD D UHVLVWrQFLD H PDLV HOHYDGR VHUi R YDORU
LQGLFDGR QR PRVWUDGRU 2 SHUtRGR GH WHPSR TXH GHFRUUH DWp TXH D OkPLQD
ELPHWiOLFDVRIUDRVHIHLWRVGRFDORUID]FRPTXHRSRQWHLURVHGHVORTXHOHQWDPHQWH
QRPRVWUDGRUTXDQGRVHOLJDRLQWHUUXSWRUGDLJQLomR
2V DQWLJRV LQGLFDGRUHV GR QtYHO GR FRPEXVWtYHO DFLRQDGRV SRU XP HOHWURtPm
SHUPLWLDPXPDOHLWXUDLPHGLDWD




 
,QGLFDGRUGDSUHVVmRGHyOHRPDQ{PHWURGRyOHR(VWHLQGLFDGRULQGLFDDSUHVVmR
yOHR QR VLVWHPD GH OXEULILFDomR GR PRWRU 8PD SUHVVmR FRQVLGHUDYHOPHQWH DEDL[R
GR QRUPDO SRGH LQGLFDU GHVJDVWH QRV DSRLRV SULQFLSDLV RX QRV DSRLRV GDV FDEHoDV
GDV ELHODV Mi TXH R GHVJDVWH LPSOLFD IROJDV PDLRUHV GR TXH UHVXOWD XPD SUHVVmR
PDLVEDL[D
9DULDo}HVEUXVFDVQDSRVLomRGRSRQWHLURRXXPDGHVFLGDQRYDORUGDOHLWXUDQXPD
FXUYD LQGLFDP TXH R QtYHO GR &DUWHU HVWD WmR EDL[R TXH R yOHR QHVWDV
FLUFXQVWkQFLDV VH DIDVWD GD ]RQD GH DVSLUDomR GD ERPED 2V DXWRPyYHLV QD VXD
PDLRULDWHPXPDOX]GHDYLVRGHEDL[DSUHVVmRGRyOHRHPYH]GHXPLQGLFDGRU
$PSHUtPHWUR  (P DOJXQV DXWRPyYHLV D OX] GH DYLVR GD LJQLomR WHP FRPR
FRPSOHPHQWR XP DPSHUtPHWUR TXH LQGLFD D LQWHQVLGDGH GD FDUJD RX GHVFDUJD GD
EDWHULD
6HXPDFRUUHLDGRYHQWLODGRUHVWLYHUSDUWLGDRXIURX[DRDPSHUtPHWURLQGLFDUiXPD
GHVFDUJD Mi TXH QHVWH FDVR D FRUUHLD QmR DFLRQRX R JHUDGRU j YHORFLGDGH
DGHTXDGD SHOR TXH D EDWHULD HP YH] GH VHU FDUUHJDGD VXSULUi DV QHFHVVLGDGHV
HOpWULFDVGRYHtFXOR'HILFLrQFLDVQRIXQFLRQDPHQWRGRDOWHUQDGRU RX QRFLUFXLWRGH
FDUJDLQGLFDUmRWDPEpPXPDGHVFDUJD

Mobilizador
(VVDpXPDHQJHQKRVDVROXomRFRQWUDIXUWRVGHYHtFXORV
6XD HVWUDWpJLD GH WUDEDOKR XWLOL]DQGRVH GH FRPSRQHQWHV HOHWU{QLFRV IRL
GHVHQYROYLGD FRP R REMHWLYR GH SHUPLWLU TXH VRPHQWH DV FKDYHV RULJLQDLV GR
YHLFXORSRVVDPDWLYDURIXQFLRQDPHQWRGRPRWRU
&RPRREMHWLYRGHFRPEDWHURVURXERVGHDXWRPyYHLVRXSHORPHQRVUHGX]LUHVVH
Q~PHURIRLGHVHQYROYLGRYiULRVREVWiFXORVSDUDRVEDQGLGRVHFRP RREMHWLYRGH
HOHYDU HVVH JUDX GH GLILFXOGDGH GLYHUVDV VROXo}HV DQWLIXUWRV IRUDP GHVHQYROYLGDV
FRPR RV VLVWHPDV PHFkQLFRV GH WUDYD GLUHomR RV DODUPHV VRQRURV FRP OLQKDV GH
PRQLWRUDPHQWR GH DEHUWXUD GDV SRUWDV H WDPSDV H LQLELGRUHV GH SDUWLGD 3RUpP
PHVPR FRP HVWHV UHFXUVRV TXH SURGX]HP XPD FHUWD VHJXUDQoD FRQWUD IXUWRV p
GLItFLOHQFRQWUDUXPDSHVVRDTXHQmRWHQKDSDVVDGRSHODGHVDJUDGiYHOVXUSUHVDGH
GHL[DURFDUURHVWDFLRQDGRHDRYROWDUHQFRQWUDUDVXDYDJDYD]LDRXRFXSDGDS{U
RXWURYHtFXOR




 
2 IXUWR GH XP DXWRPyYHO VHPSUH IRL UHDOL]DGR DWUDYpV GH OLJDo}HV GLUHWDV RX
XWLOL]DQGRVHFKDYHVPHVWUDV/HYDYDVHXPFDUURGRHVWDFLRQDPHQWRVHPJUDQGHV
GLILFXOGDGHV$VWUDYDVPHFkQLFDVGHGLUHomRVmREDUUHLUDVItVLFDVTXHHPJHUDOVy
GHVHQFRUDMDP R ODGUmR ³SUHJXLoRVR´ 2V FKDPDGRV VLVWHPDV DQWLIXUWRV FRPR
DODUPHVWrPXPIXQFLRQDPHQWRTXHSHUPLWHVLPSOHVPHQWHRDYLVRGHTXHRFDUUR
IRLYLRODGR
$WXDOPHQWHHVWHVVLVWHPDVHYROXtUDPHSRVVXHPUHFXUVRVTXHLPSHGHPDDWLYDomR
GR PRWRU GH SDUWLGD LQLELQGR R IXQFLRQDPHQWR GD OLQKD GH DOLPHQWDomR VHQVRUHV
XOWUDV{QLFRV TXH PRQLWRUDP R KDELWiFXOR H GLYHUVRV GLVSRVLWLYRV TXH SRGHP
SHUPLWLU D DWLYDomR j GLVWkQFLD GH IRUPD FRPELQDGD FRP RV YLGURV HOpWULFRV H
WUDYDPHQWR FHQWUDO HWFSRUpP SRU TXHVW}HV GH VHJXUDQoD VXD HVWUDWpJLD GH
DWXDomR IRL GHVHQYROYLGD GH IRUPD TXH QmR LQWHUILUD QR IXQFLRQDPHQWR QRUPDO GR
PRWRU $ILQDO QLQJXpP GHVHMD HVWDU ID]HQGR XPD XOWUDSDVVDJHP H QR PRPHQWR
HP TXH PDLV SUHFLVD GD DFHOHUDomR GLQkPLFD R PRWRU DSUHVHQWH XPD IDOKD GH
IXQFLRQDPHQWRHPIXQomRGRVLVWHPDDQWLIXUWR
$WXDOPHQWHDTXHVWmRGHSURWHomRFRQWUDIXUWRVpFRQVLGHUDGDXPLPSRUWDQWHLWHP
QR GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GR YHtFXOR SRU HQYROYHU VLVWHPDV TXH LQWHUIHUHP QR
IXQFLRQDPHQWRGRPRWRUHRIHUHFHUVHJXUDQoDFRQWUDIXUWRVHFRQILDELOLGDGHGHXVR
2V VLVWHPDV LPRELOL]DGRUHV FRPELQDGRV FRP RV FRPSOHWRV VLVWHPDV GH DODUPHV
DWXDLVIRUDPGHVHQYROYLGRVFRPREMHWLYRGHLPSHGLURIXUWRGRYHtFXORXWLOL]DQGR
VH GH FRPSOH[DV HVWUDWpJLDV GH PRQLWRUDPHQWR H FRQWUROH GR IXQFLRQDPHQWR GRV
VHXVFRPSRQHQWHVFRPHOHYDGtVVLPRJUDXGHFRQILDELOLGDGH
2 VLVWHPD LPRELOL]DGRU p XP LWHP SDVVLYR FRQWUD IXUWRV SRLV QmR QHFHVVLWD GH
DWLYDomRRXGHVDWLYDomRPDQXDOKDELOLWDQGRVHDXWRPDWLFDPHQWHTXDQGRDLJQLomR
p OLJDGD 8WLOL]DQGRVH GH XPD FKDYH GH LJQLomR HVWUDQKD j SURJUDPDomR GR
VLVWHPD R IXQFLRQDPHQWR GR PRWRU VHUi DXWRPDWLFDPHQWH EORTXHDGR 6HXV
SULQFLSDLVFRPSRQHQWHVVmR

FKDYHFRPHPLVVRUUHFHSWRU
ERELQDDQWHQDGHOHLWXUD
XQLGDGHGHFRPDQGRGRLPRELOL]DGRU
XQLGDGHGHFRPDQGRGRVLVWHPDGHLQMHomR
FKLFRWHGRVLVWHPDLPRELOL]DGRU

&+$9('(,*1,d­2(3$57,'$&20(0,6625(5(&(3725

2 VLVWHPD LPRELOL]DGRU p WDPEpP FRQKHFLGR FRPR VLVWHPD WUDQVSRQGHU SRU VXDV
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GH IXQFLRQDPHQWR SDUD WURFD GH GDGRV 2 QRPH WUDQVSRQGHU p



UHVXOWDGR GD MXQomR GH GXDV SDODYUDV TXH IRUPD D EDVH GH IXQFLRQDPHQWR GR
VLVWHPD 2YHtFXORVDL GDIiEULFDFRPVXDVFKDYHVMiSURJUDPDGDVVHQGR HVWDVDV
~QLFDVTXHSRGHPKDELOLWDU RIXQFLRQDPHQWRGRPRWRU2VVLVWHPDVLPRELOL]DGRUHV
DWXDLV WrP XP IXQFLRQDPHQWR UDQG{PLFR DOHDWyULD SDUD IRUPDomR GRV VHXV
FyGLJRVDFDGDDWLYDomRGHLJQLomRSHUPLWLQGRDIRUPDomRGH;WLSRV
GH FyGLJRV GLIHUHQFLDGRV (VWD FDUDFWHUtVWLFD WRUQD SUDWLFDPHQWH LPSRVVtYHO D
UHSURGXomRGRFyGLJRGHFRPXQLFDomRQRPRPHQWRGDFRQIHUrQFLDSDUDKDELOLWDomR
GHSRLVGHOLJDGDDLJQLomR2FRPSRQHQWHHPLVVRUUHFHSWRUQmRSRVVXLDOLPHQWDomR
HOpWULFD3DUDVXDHQHUJL]DomRHVWHFRPSRQHQWHDSURYHLWDRFDPSRPDJQpWLFRTXHp
JHUDGR SHOD ERELQDDQWHQD TXH HQYROYH R FRPXWDGRU GH SDUWLGD DSyV OLJDU D
LJQLomR(VWDQGRHQHUJL]DGDDFKDYHHPLWHVHXFyGLJRGHDUPD]HQDGRSRUVLQDOGH
UiGLRIUHTXrQFLD (VWH VLQDO p FDSLWDGR SHOD ERELQD TXH HQYROYH R FRPXWDGRU GH
LJQLomRHSDUWLGDTXHDJRUDHVWDWUDEDOKDQGRFRPRDQWHQD

%2%,1$$17(1$'(/(,785$
(VWH FRPSRQHQWH TXH HQYROYH R FRPXWDGRU GH LJQLomR H SDUWLGD p XWLOL]DGR SDUD
HQHUJL]DomRGR WUDQVSRQGHU GD FKDYH HFRPR UHFHSWRUGR VLQDO GH UiGLRIUHTXHQFLD
HPLWLGR 6XD IXQomR QHVWD HVWUDWpJLD pWUDQVIRUPDUHVVH VLQDO HP SXOVRV HOpWULFRV
FRGLILFDGRVSDUDVHUHPHQFDPLQKDGRVDXQLGDGHGHFRPDQGRGRLPRELOL]DGRUFRPD
ILQDOLGDGHGHKDELOLWDURXQmRRIXQFLRQDPHQWRGRPRWRU
$HVWUDWpJLDGH HQHUJL]DomRGDERELQDpJDUDQWLGDSHOD XQLGDGHGHJHUHQFLDPHQWR
GRLPRELOL]DGRUTXH RDOLPHQWDGHWHQVmRJHUDQGR XPFDPSRPDJQpWLFRYDULiYHO
$WUDYpV GHVWH FDPSR VH JDUDQWLUi D DWLYDomR GD FKDYH GH LJQLomR LQWURGX]LGD QR
FRPXWDGRUGHLJQLomRHSDUWLGD

81,'$'('(&20$1'2'2,02%,/,=$'25
(VWD XQLGDGH GH FRPDQGR WHP D IXQomR GH UHFRQKHFHU D FKDYH GH LJQLomR TXH
KDELOLWD R VLVWHPD GH LQMHomR SDUD HQWUDU HP IXQFLRQDPHQWR SUHSDUDU R
WUDQVSRQGHU GD FKDYH FRGLILFDQGRR SDUD D SUy[LPD SDUWLGD H HQHUJL]DU D
ERELQDDQWHQDSDUDTXHHVWiFXPSUDRVHXSDSHO
$ XQLGDGH GH FRPDQGR GR LPRELOL]DGRU WHP XPD HVWUDWpJLD GH DXWR GLDJQyVWLFRV
DFHVVtYHOSRUVFDQQHUHVSHFtILFRVTXHDSUHVHQWDRVUHVSHFWLYRVFyGLJRVGHDYDULDV
(VWD XQLGDGH FRPDQGD R IXQFLRQDPHQWR GH XPD OkPSDGD SLORWR QR SDLQHO TXH
TXDQGR HVWLYHU DFHVD VLJQLILFD TXH DOJR QmR HVWD FRUUHWR FRP R LPRELOL]DGRU
SRGHQGRLPSHGLURIXQFLRQDPHQWRGRPRWRU
$ XQLGDGH GH FRPDQGR GR LPRELOL]DGRU WHP EDVLFDPHQWH XP PLFURSURFHVVDGRU H
XPDPHPyULD(3520SURJUDPiYHODWUDYpVGHHTXLSDPHQWRVHVSHFtILFRV3DUDRVHX
IXQFLRQDPHQWRDXQLGDGHGHFRPDQGRGRLPRELOL]DGRUUHFHEHXPDDOLPHQWDomRTXH
DDWLYD1HVWHPRPHQWRVXDHVWUDWpJLDGHDWXDomRVHUiDGHHQHUJL]DUDERELQDGH
OHLWXUDFRPRREMHWLYRGHIRUPDURFDPSRPDJQpWLFRSDUDDOLPHQWDURWUDQVSRQGHU
GDFKDYH&RQFOXtGDHVWDHVWUDWpJLDDXQLGDGHGHFRPDQGRGRLPRELOL]DGRUYHULILFD
VH D FKDYH HP XWLOL]DomR p XPD GDV KDELOLWDGDV SDUD OLEHUDU R IXQFLRQDPHQWR GR
PRWRU

Direção
3DUD GLULJLU XP DXWRPyYHO UHFRUUHVH DR YRODQWH TXH YLUD DV URGDV GD IUHQWH QD
GLUHomRSUHWHQGLGDVHJXLQGRDVURGDVGHWUiVDWUDMHWyULDGDTXHODV
+DYHULD YiULDV GHVYDQWDJHQV ± D SULQFLSDO GDV TXDLV VHULD D LQVWDELOLGDGH ± HP
RULHQWDU DV URGDV WUDVHLUDV 1XPD ELFLFOHWD D GLUHomR p FRPDQGDGD SHOR JXLGRQ
1XPDXWRPyYHO FRQWXGR R PRWRULVWDQmR WHULD IRUoDVXILFLHQWH SDUD FRPDQGDUDV
URGDV GD IUHQWH VH HVWDV HVWLYHVVHP GLUHWDPHQWH OLJDGDV DR YRODQWH $VVLP R
VLVWHPDGHGLUHomRLQFOXLXPPHFDQLVPRGHUHGXomRHjVYH]HVXPGLVSRVLWLYRGH
DVVLVWrQFLDPHFkQLFDSDUDPXOWLSOLFDURHVIRUoRTXHRPRWRULVWDDSOLFDDRYRODQWH




 
6mR UHTXLVLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV HP TXDOTXHU PHFDQLVPR GH GLUHomR D IDFLOLGDGH GH
PDQREUDHDWHQGrQFLDGDVURGDVGDIUHQWHSDUDVHHQGLUHLWDUHPDSyVGHVFUHYHUHP
XPD FXUYD $ GLUHomR WDPEpP QmR GHYH WUDQVPLWLU DR PRWRULVWD RV HIHLWRV GDV
LUUHJXODULGDGHV GR SDYLPHQWR HPERUD GHYD SURSRUFLRQDUOKH XPD FHUWD
VHQVLELOLGDGHDHVVHVHIHLWRV
1D FROXQD GH GLUHomR TXH DORMD R HL[R GD GLUHomR H VHUYH GH DSRLR D HVWH HVWmR
PRQWDGRV jV YH]HV DOJXQV FRPDQGRV WDLV FRPR D DODYDQFD GDV PXGDQoDV GH
PDUFKDV RV LQWHUUXSWRUHV GDV OX]HV H R ERWmR GD EX]LQD 2 FRPXWDGRU GRV IDUyLV
HQFRQWUDVHFRPIUHTrQFLDPRQWDGRVRERYRODQWHILFDQGRRFRPDQGRGRSLVFD
± SLVFD SRU YH]HV QR ODGR RSRVWR (VWHV GRLV FRPDQGRV SRGHP WDPEpP HVWDU
FRPELQDGRV QXPD Vy DODYDQFD EHP FRPR R FRPDQGR GR OLPSDGRU GR SiUD EULVD
TXHWDPEpPQRVFDUURVPRGHUQRVpPRQWDGRMXQWRDRYRODQWH
$OJXQVDXWRPyYHLVDSUHVHQWDPXPDFROXQDGHGLUHomRDMXVWiYHO$SDUWHVXSHULRU
RQGHVHHQFRQWUDRYRODQWHSRGHVHUGHVORFDGDWHOHVFRSLFDPHQWHSDUDFLPDHSDUD
EDL[RHHPDOJXQVFDVRVSRGHVHULQFOLQDGDSDUDVHDGDSWDUjHVWUXWXUDHSRVLomR
GRPRWRULVWD
$ FROXQD GD GLUHomR SRGH VHU FRQVWUXtGD GH PRGR D FHGHU RX GREUDU HP FDVR GH
FROLVmR3RU H[HPSOR QRVLVWHPD$&'HOFRDFROXQDWXEXODUpFRQVWLWXtGDSRUXPD
UHGH PHWiOLFD TXH DSHVDU GH UHVLVWLU j WRUomR FHGH H DEVRUYH HQHUJLD TXDQGR
FRPSULPLGDORQJLWXGLQDOPHQWH2HL[RGDGLUHomRDSUHVHQWDXPDXQLmRWHOHVFySLFD
(PRXWURVLVWHPDRHL[RHVWiGLYLGLGRHPVHo}HVOLJDGDVHQWUHVLSRUFDUGDQVFXMR
HL[RJHRPpWULFRQmRpFRPXP
2VHL[RVGLDQWHLURVGHVHomRSHUILODGDGRVDXWRPyYHLVDQWLJRVSRVVXtDPSLQRVQRV
TXDLV JLUDYDP DV PDQJDV GH HL[R SDUD GLULJLU DV URGDV $OJXQV GRV SULPHLURV
VLVWHPDVGHVXVSHQVmRLQGHSHQGHQWHSRVVXtDPDLQGDXPSLQRPHVWUHGDPDQJDGH
HL[RHQWUHDVIRUTXLOKDVTXHVHUYLDGHDSRLRDRHOHPHQWRJLUDWyULR
(PPXLWRVFDVRVRVLVWHPDURWDWLYRS{USLQRPHVWUHGDPDQJDGHHL[RVXEVWLWXtGR
SRUXPSDUGHUyWXODVRXSLY{VHQWUHDVTXDLVVHHQFRQWUDRHOHPHQWRJLUDWyULR




 

Sistemas




 
8P DXWRPyYHO p GLULJLGR SRU PHLR GH XP VLVWHPD GH UHGXomR H GH XP VLVWHPD
DUWLFXODGR ± FRPSRVWR SRU KDVWHV H DODYDQFDV ± TXH VH GHVWLQDP D SHUPLWLU R
FRPDQGRGDGLUHomRFRPXPPtQLPRGHHVIRUoR
2 HL[R HVWi OLJDGR DR VLVWHPD GH UHGXomR FDL[D GD GLUHomR TXH WUDQVIRUPD R
PRYLPHQWR URWDWLYR GR YRODQWH QXP PRYLPHQWR DOWHUQDWLYR GR VLVWHPD DUWLFXODGR
GD GLUHomR R TXH DMXGD R PRWRULVWD D GLULJLU DV URGDV VHP HPSUHJDU GHPDVLDGR
HVIRUoR $R ORQJR GRV DQRV IRUDP XWLOL]DGRV YiULRV WLSRV GH FDL[D GH GLUHomR
LQFOXLQGRRVGHVLJQDGRVSRUGLUHomRGHVHPILPHUROHWHHGHVHPILPHSRUFDFRP
HVIHUDVFLUFXODQWHV
$WXDOPHQWH FRQWXGR RV DXWRPyYHLV XWLOL]DP HP JHUDO XP VLVWHPD GH SLQKmR H
FUHPDOKHLUD 1HVWH VLVWHPD XPD FUHPDOKHLUD p PRYLGD SRU XP SHTXHQR SLQKmR
H[LVWHQWHQDH[WUHPLGDGHLQIHULRUGRHL[RGDGLUHomR 4XDQGRVHURGDRYRODQWHD
FUHPDOKHLUDPRYHVHODWHUDOPHQWHHID]URGDUDVPDQJDVGHHL[RGRLVHL[RVFXUWRV
QRVTXDLVHVWmRPRQWDGDVDVURGDVGDIUHQWH
1RV VLVWHPDV PDLV DQWLJRV D FDL[D GD GLUHomR DSUHVHQWDYD XPD DODYDQFD FXUWD
GHVLJQDGDSRUSHQGXUDOHTXHDFLRQDYDDSDUWHUHVWDQWHGRVLVWHPDDUWLFXODGR




 
$FDL[DGHGLUHomRUHGX]RHVIRUoRGRPRWRULVWD2JUDXGHUHGXomR GRHVIRUoR±
RX HIHLWR GHDODYDQFD ± TXH D FDL[D GHGLUHomR WRUQD SRVVtYHO GHSHQGHGR SHVR H
GRWLSRGHDXWRPyYHO8PDXWRPyYHOHVSRUWLYROHYHH[LJHXPDUHGXomRSHTXHQDMi
TXH R PRWRULVWD QHFHVVLWD GH XP FRPDQGR UiSLGR SDUD FRUULJLU DV GHUUDSDJHQV



3RUpPXPDXWRPyYHOSHVDGRFRPSQHXVODUJRVH[LJHXPDUHGXomRHOHYDGDHRX
DOJXPDIRUPDGHDVVLVWrQFLDPHFkQLFDSDUDID]HUXPDFXUYDDEDL[DYHORFLGDGH
$ FDL[D GH GLUHomR H R VLVWHPD DUWLFXODGR WDPEpP WUDQVIHUHP SDUD R YRODQWH D
UHDomR GDV URGDV DR SDYLPHQWR (VWD UHDomR SHUPLWH DR PRWRULVWD WHU XP
FRQKHFLPHQWRLPHGLDWRGDVFRQGLo}HVGRSDYLPHQWR
$OJXQVPHFDQLVPRVVmRHILFLHQWHVQDWUDQVPLVVmRGR HVIRUoRGRPRWRULVWDSDUDDV
URGDV QmR VHQGR FRQWXGR WmR HILFD]HV TXDQWR j WUDQVPLVVmR DR PRWRULVWD GH
LQIRUPDo}HVVREUHSRVVtYHLVLUUHJXODULGDGHVGRSDYLPHQWR





$DGHUrQFLDGRVSQHXVDRSDYLPHQWRSHUPLWHDRPRWRULVWDREULJDURYHtFXORDID]HU
XPDFXUYD(VWHGHVYLDVHGDWUDMHWyULDUHWLOtQHDGHYLGRjVIRUoDVODWHUDLVDSOLFDGDV
DRVSQHXVTXDQGR RPRWRULVWDURGDRYRODQWH&RPRRSQHXpIOH[tYHOH HOiVWLFRD
VXD WUDMHWyULD QXPD FXUYD DIDVWDVH OLJHLUDPHQWH GD GLUHomR SDUD TXDO HVWi
DSRQWDGDDURGD2kQJXORGHVWHGHVYLRGHSHQGHGDYHORFLGDGHGRDXWRPyYHOHGD
QDWXUH]DGDFXUYD
$ EDL[D YHORFLGDGH H HP FXUYDV VXDYHV R kQJXOR VHUi SHTXHQR TXDQGR R
DXWRPyYHO ID] FXUYDV IHFKDGDV HP DOWD YHORFLGDGH R kQJXOR SRGHUi VHU WmR
DFHQWXDGRTXHSRGHRULJLQDUDGHUUDSDJHPGRSQHX(VWHkQJXORWDPEpPGHSHQGH
GR WLSR GH SQHX XWLOL]DGR GD VXD SUHVVmR GD FDUJD VXSRUWDGD S{U FDGD SQHX GD
FDPEDJHPGDVURGDVHGHRXWURVIDWRUHVWDLVFRPRDVFRQGLo}HVGRSDYLPHQWR
4XDQGR R kQJXOR GH GHVOL]DPHQWR p PDLRU QDV URGDV GLDQWHLUDV GR TXH QDV
WUDVHLUDV R DXWRPyYHO WHQGH D GHVFUHYHU XPD WUDMHWyULD PDLV DEHUWD TXH R
PRWRULVWDGHYHFRUULJLUURGDQGRPDLVRYRODQWH1HVWHFDVRGL]VHTXHRDXWRPyYHO
VREHVWHUoD 4XDQGR SHOR FRQWUDULR R kQJXOR p PDLRU QDV URGDV WUDVHLUDV GR TXH
QDV GLDQWHLUDV p QHFHVViULR XP PHQRU PRYLPHQWR LQLFLDO GR YRODQWH Mi TXH R
DXWRPyYHO UHVSRQGH SURQWDPHQWH DRV FRPDQGRV GHVWH 1HVWH FDVR GL]VH TXH R
DXWRPyYHOVREUHVWHUoD
2VDXWRPyYHLVVmRQRUPDOPHQWHSODMHDGRVSDUDXPDVREHVWHUoDJHPPRGHUDGDHP
FRQGLo}HV QRUPDLV GH FRQGXomR 2 VHX FRPSRUWDPHQWR SRUpP OHYD FRP
IUHTXrQFLD D XPD SRVLomR QHXWUD H SRVWHULRUPHQWH D XPD VREUHVWDUJHP VH D
YHORFLGDGHDRID]HUDFXUYDDXPHQWDUSURJUHVVLYDPHQWH8PDEXVFDWUDQVLomRGD
VREHVWHUoDJHPSDUDVREUHVWHUoDJHPSRGHWRUQDUSHULJRVDDFRQGXomR
2V DXWRPyYHLV GH WUDomR GLDQWHLUD H RV GH FRPSHWLomR FRP WUDomR WUDVHLUD VmR
WDPEpPVHQVtYHLVjIRUPDFRPRRPRWRULVWDXWLOL]DRDFHOHUDGRUSRLVHVWDDIHWDR
UHIHULGR kQJXOR 2 kQJXOR GH GHVOL]DPHQWR RFRUUH WDPEpP TXDQGR R DXWRPyYHO
HPERUD FRQGX]LGR QXPD UHWD HVWi VXMHLWR FRPR DFRQWHFH IUHTXHQWHPHQWH jV
IRUoDV ODWHUDLV FRPR VHMDP UDMDGDV GH YHQWR H LQFOLQDomR ODWHUDO GD IDL[D GH
URGDJHP 1HVWDV FLUFXQVWkQFLDV PDQWpP±VH HVWiYHO R DXWRPyYHO TXH SHODV VXDV
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVWHQKDWHQGrQFLDSDUDVREHVWHUoDU4XDQGRRDXWRPyYHOWHQGHUSDUD
DVREUHVWHUoDJHPRPRWRULVWDWHUiGHFRUULJLUFRQWLQXDPHQWHDGLUHomR
4XDQWRPDLRUIRUDYHORFLGDGHPHQRVWHPSRKDYHUiSDUDFRUULJLUDGLUHomR




Hidraulica


1XPHURVRV DXWRPyYHLV GH YDULDV GLPHQV}HV DSUHVHQWDP GLUHomR KLGUiXOLFD FRPR
HTXLSDPHQWRGHVpULH$GLUHomRDVVLVWLGDUHGX]RHVIRUoRQHFHVViULRSDUDPRYHUR
YRODQWH H IDFLOLWD DV PDQREUDV D EDL[D YHORFLGDGH FRPR SRU H[HPSOR R
HVWDFLRQDPHQWRQXPHVSDoRUHGX]LGR
$ GLUHomR KLGUiXOLFD WDPEpP FRQWULEXL SDUD D VHJXUDQoD FRP D GLUHomR
FRQYHQFLRQDO R PRWRULVWD SRGH SHUGHU R GRPtQLR GR YRODQWH VH XP SQHX HVWRXUDU
RXVHXPDURGDWLYHUGHHQIUHQWDUXPDSURQXQFLDGDLUUHJXODULGDGHGRSDYLPHQWR
1DPDLRULDGRVVLVWHPDV XWLOL]DVH XP IOXtGR KLGUiXOLFR RX XP yOHR OHYH IRUQHFLGR
VRE SUHVVmR SRU XPD ERPED DFLRQDGD SHOR PRWRU H SURYHQLHQWH GH XP GHSyVLWR
LQGHSHQGHQWH (P FDVR GH DYDULD QR VLVWHPD R DXWRPyYHO SRGH FRQWLQXDU D VHU
GLULJLGR PDQXDOPHQWH 4XDQGR R VLVWHPD GH GLUHomR HVWD HP UHSRXVR LVWR p
TXDQGRQmRpVROLFLWDGRRVHXIXQFLRQDPHQWRRyOHRSDVVDDWUDYpVGHGRLVRULItFLRV
GH LJXDLV GLPHQV}HV DSOLFDQGR DVVLP XPD SUHVVmR LJXDO DRV GRLV ODGRV GH XP
SLVWmRFRQWLGRQXPFLOLQGUROLJDGRDRPHFDQLVPRGHGLUHomR
$R PRYHUVH R YRODQWH DFLRQDVH XPD YiOYXOD GH GLVWULEXLomR TXH DEUH XP GRV
RULItFLRVHIHFKDRRXWUR
2 yOHR H[HUFH HQWmR SUHVVmR VREUH DSHQDV XP GRV ODGRV GR SLVWmR R TXH OHYD R
PHFDQLVPRGDGLUHomRDRULHQWDUDVURGDVQDGLUHomRGHVHMDGD$SUHVVmRDSOLFDGD
DR SLVWmR GHSHQGH GD IRUoD TXH R PRWRULVWD DSOLFD DR YRODQWH 6mR FRPSRQHQWHV
SULQFLSDLVGRVLVWHPDDERPEDTXHIRUQHFHRyOHRDFLRQDGDSRUXPDOLJDomRGLUHWD
DRDOWHUQDGRURXSRUXPDFRUUHLDWUDSH]RLGDODVYiOYXODVVHQVtYHLVDFLRQDGDVSHOR
PRYLPHQWR GR YRODQWH RX SHOD GHIOH[mR GDV URGDV R FRQMXQWR GR FLOLQGUR H GR
SLVWmRHRVWXERVHPDQJXHLUDVGHOLJDomR




 


1R VLVWHPD $GZHVW FRP SLQKmR H FUHPDOKHLUD GH GLUHomR VHUYR DVVLVWLGD D
SUHVVmRKLGUiXOLFDpFRPDQGDGDHGLULJLGDSRUXPDYiOYXODURWDWLYD$RURGDUVHR
YRODQWHDFROXQDGDGLUHomRID]JLUDUHVWDYiOYXODGHFRPDQGRGLULJLQGRDSUHVVmR
KLGUiXOLFDSDUDXPRXRXWURGRVODGRVGRSLVWmRDFRSODGRDSUySULDFUHPDOKHLUD$
SUHVVmR ID] PRYHU HQWmR D FUHPDOKHLUD SDUD D GLUHLWD RX SDUD HVTXHUGD
DXPHQWDQGRDVVLPRHVIRUoRTXHRPRWRULVWDDSOLFDRYRODQWH




*UDoDVDXPDEDUUDGHWRUomRTXHOLJDDFROXQDGHGLUHomRjYiOYXODDDVVLVWrQFLD
IRUQHFLGDpSURSRUFLRQDOjUHVLVWrQFLDRIHUHFLGDSHORVSQHXVjPXGDQoDGHGLUHomR

Bomba hidráulica
2V UHVHUYDWyULRVGH yOHRKLGUiXOLFR SRGHPVHUUHPRWRV RX DFRSODGRV D ERPED2V
UHVHUYDWyULRV UHPRWRV SRU ILFDUHP DIDVWDGRV GD ERPED QHFHVVLWDP GH PDQJXHLUD
GHDOLPHQWDomR

Caixa de direção
&DL[D GH 'LUHomR KLGUiXOLFD SLQKmR H
FUHPDOKHLUD FRP EUDoRV D[LDLV DFRSODGRV QDV
H[WUHPLGDGHVGDFUHPDOKHLUD

&DL[D GH GLUHomR KLGUiXOLFD SLQKmR H
FUHPDOKHLUD FRP EUDoRV GH GLUHomR DFRSODGRV
QRFHQWURGDFUHPDOKHLUD

&DL[D GH GLUHomR KLGUiXOLFD SLQKmR H
FUHPDOKHLUD FRP EUDoRV GH GLUHomR DFRSODGRV
QDH[WUHPLGDGHGDFUHPDOKHLUD

&DL[D GH GLUHomR KLGUiXOLFD LQWHJUDO VHWRU H
VHPILP
















Mangueira
2VLVWHPDQRUPDOPHQWHSRVVXLWUrVWLSRVGHPDQJXHLUD
ā0DQJXHLUDGHDOLPHQWDomRTXDQGRRUHVHUYDWyULRIRUUHPRWRTXHFRQGX]RIOXtGR
GRUHVHUYDWyULRSDUDDERPEDKLGUiXOLFD
ā0DQJXHLUD GH SUHVVmR TXH FRQGX] R IOXtGR SUHVVXUL]DGR GD ERPED SDUD FDL[D GH
GLUHomR
ā0DQJXHLUDGHUHWRUQRTXHFRQGX]RIOXtGRGDFDL[DGHGLUHomRSDUDRUHVHUYDWyULR


$VPDQJXHLUDVGRVLVWHPDKLGUiXOLFRDOpPGHWUDQVSRUWDURyOHRSHORVLVWHPDVmR
SURGX]LGDVFRPPDWHULDLVHVSHFLDLVSDUDUHVLVWLUDRIOXtGRKLGUiXOLFRUHVLVWLUDDOWDV
SUHVV}HV GH WUDEDOKR H UHVLVWLU D HOHYDGDV WHPSHUDWXUDV 3RU LVVR VmR HODERUDGDV
SDUD WHU XPD GLODWDomR DGHTXDGD D FDGD WLSR GH YHtFXOR IXQFLRQDQGR FRPR XPD
FkPDUD GH GLODWDomR SDUD D SURWHomR GRV SLFRV GH SUHVVmR FDXVDGR SHOR ILQDO GH
FXUVR GD FDL[D GH GLUHomR LVWR RFRUUH TXDQGR D GLUHomR p HVWHUFDGD SDUD XP GRV
ODGRVDWpRILQDOGHFXUVRQHVWHPRPHQWRDSUHVVmRDWLQJHRSLFRVXSRUWDGRSHOR
VLVWHPD 3DUD HYLWDU GDQRV D PDQJXHLUD VH H[SDQGH DEVRUYHQGR R LPSDFWR TXH R
yOHRH[HUFHVREUHDGLUHomRHDERPEDQHVWHPRPHQWRDYiOYXODGHVHJXUDQoDGD
ERPEDDEUHVHID]HQGRRyOHRDOLYLDUSDUDDDOLPHQWDomRGDERPED


Direção elétrica
$ GLUHomR HOpWULFD p XP VLVWHPD WRWDOPHQWH HOpWULFR LQGHSHQGHQWH GR PRWRU
$SUHVHQWD PHOKRU HILFLrQFLD QD XWLOL]DomR GR HVSDoR GR FRPSDUWLPHQWR GR PRWRU




RSHUDomR PHQRV GDQRVD DR PHLR DPELHQWH PDLRU IOH[LELOLGDGH GH SURMHWR H PDLRU
HFRQRPLD GH FRPEXVWtYHO JUDoDV j UHGXomR GDV SHUGDV GH HQHUJLD GR PRWRU
(VWHSURMHWRHOLPLQDERPEDVHPDQJXHLUDVHUHGX]RWHPSRGHWUDEDOKRPDQXDOQD
PRQWDJHP

Alinhamento
(PERUD WHRULFDPHQWH DV URGDV GD IUHQWH GHYDP VHU SDUDOHODV TXDQGR DSRQWDGDV
SDUDIUHQWHYHULILFDVHQDSUiWLFDTXHVHREWpPPHOKRUHVUHVXOWDGRVTXDQWRDXPD
GLUHomR PDLV ILUPH H XP PHQRU GHVJDVWHV GRV SQHXV TXDQGR DV URGDV VH
DSUHVHQWDPFRQYHUJHQWHVRXGLYHUJHQWHV1DPDLRULDGRVDXWRPyYHLVDVURGDVGD
IUHQWHFRQYHUJHPDOJXQVPLOtPHWURVFRPSHQVDQGRSDUDRIDWRGHQmRVHUSRVVtYHO
REWHUXPDGLUHomRHXPDVXVSHQVmRSHUIHLWDVHGDH[LVWrQFLDGHXPDFHUWDIROJDQD
DUWLFXODomRGDGLUHomR(PRXWURVDXWRPyYHLVQRUPDOPHQWHGHWUDomRGLDQWHLUDDV
URGDV DSRQWDP OLJHLUDPHQWH SDUD IRUD  2 VLVWHPD GH GLUHomR SRVVXL VHPSUH XP
GLVSRVLWLYRSDUDUHJXODJHPGDFRQYHUJrQFLDRXGDGLYHUJrQFLD
2 DOLQKDPHQWR GDV URGDV FRQVLVWH HP DMXVWDU R JUDX GH FRQYHUJrQFLD RX GH
GLYHUJrQFLD GHVWDV R TXDO UDUDV YH]HV H[FHGH PP 8P DOLQKDPHQWR LQFRUUHWR
GDV URGDV WUDVHLUDV GHYLGR D GHVJDVWH RX D DFLGHQWH SRGHP WDPEpP DIHWDU D
GLUHomRQRVDXWRPyYHLVFRPVXVSHQVmRLQGHSHQGHQWH


'HVPXOWLSOLFDomR RX UHGXomR GD GLUHomR ± 'HVLJQDVH DVVLP D UHODomR H[LVWHQWH
HQWUH D URWDomR GR YRODQWH H R kQJXOR GR PRYLPHQWR WUDQVPLWLGR DRV EUDoRV GD




GLUHomR±FRPSRQHQWHVGDDUWLFXODomRGDGLUHomROLJDGRVGLUHWDPHQWHjVPDQJDVGH
HL[RHTXHLPSULPHPRkQJXORGHPRYLPHQWRDVURGDV
6HSRUH[HPSORXPDURWDomRFRPSOHWDžGRYRODQWHLPSULPLUDRVEUDoRVGD
GLUHomR XP GHVYLR GH ž D UHGXomR GD GLUHomR VHUi GH   2V
DXWRPyYHLVOLJHLURVXWLOLWiULRVWrPJHUDOPHQWHGHVPXOWLSOLFDo}HVGDRUGHPGH
$VVLP SDUD LPSULPLU XP GHVYLR GH FHUFD ž jV URGDV GD IUHQWH VmR QHFHVViULDV
GXDV YROWDV H PHLD QR YRODQWH 8P YHtFXOR SHVDGR SRGHUi FRQWXGR H[LJLU TXDWUR
RX FLQFR YROWDV GH YRODQWH R TXH FRUUHVSRQGH D XPD GHVPXOWLSOLFDomR GH SHOR
PHQRV
7RGRV RV DXWRPyYHLV DSUHVHQWDP EDWHQWHV TXH OLPLWDP R PRYLPHQWR GD GLUHomR
GDV URGDV SDUD HYLWDU R FRQWDWR GRV SQHXV FRP TXDOTXHU SDUWH GD HVWUXWXUD GR
DXWRPyYHO 2 UDLR PtQLPR GH YLUDJHP FRUUHVSRQGH DR GD FLUFXQIHUrQFLD GHVFULWD
SHOD SDUWH PDLV VDOLHQWH GR ODGR TXH ILFD PDLV DIDVWDGR GD FXUYD RX PDLV
XVXDOPHQWHDRGDFLUFXQIHUrQFLDGHVFULWDSHODURGDGDIUHQWHGHVVHODGR

Cambagem
1D PDLRULD GRV DXWRPyYHLV DV URGDV GLDQWHLUDV TXDQGR REVHUYDGDV GH IUHQWH
DSUHVHQWDPVHOLJHLUDPHQWHLQFOLQDGDVSDUDGHQWURHSDUDIRUD$LQFOLQDomRGDURGD
p GHVLJQDGD SRU FDPEDJHP VHQGR R VHX YDORU GHQRPLQDGR kQJXOR GH FDPEDJHP
FDPEHU$FDPEDJHPpSRVLWLYDTXDQGRDVURGDVVHLQFOLQDPSDUDIRUD
$ LQFOLQDomR GHVWLQDVH D TXH R FHQWUR GD VXSHUItFLH GH FRQWDWR GRV SQHXV FRP R
VRORILTXHTXDQGRRDXWRPyYHOpREVHUYDGRGHIUHQWHRPDLVSUy[LPRSRVVtYHOGR
SRQWR RQGH XP SURORQJDPHQWR LPDJLQiULR GR HL[R GR SLQR ± PHVWUH GD PDQJD GH
HL[RLQWHUFHSWDRSDYLPHQWR


3UDWLFDPHQWHWRGRVRVDXWRPyYHLVPRGHUQRVDSUHVHQWDPDUHIHULGDLQFOLQDomRGDV
URGDV GH FRQYHQLrQFLD FRPSURYDGD Mi TXH UHGX] R HVIRUoR GR PRWRULVWD QD
PDQREUDSDUDHVWDFLRQDUHHOLPLQDSDUWHGDVYLEUDo}HVWUDQVPLWLGDVSHODVURGDVDR
YRODQWH HP DOWD YHORFLGDGH (P FRQVHTXrQFLD GHVWH GHVYLR FDGD URGD WHQGH D
LQFOLQDUVH SDUD IRUD &RQWXGR VH FDGD URGD DSUHVHQWDU R PHVPR JUDX GH GHVYLR
HVWDWHQGrQFLDVHUiDQXODGDSHODUHDomRDWUDYpVGDDUWLFXODomRGDGLUHomRTXHOLJD
DVGXDVURGDV'HVWHPRGRDVXQL}HVVmRPDQWLGDVFRQWLQXDPHQWHVREXPDFDUJD
SRVLWLYDQXPDGLUHomRHDXPDWHQGrQFLDSDUDDUHGXomRGHUXtGRV4XDOTXHUHUUR
QR kQJXOR GH FDPEDJHP RX QR kQJXOR GR HL[R GD GLUHomR WUDGX]LUVHi HP
GLILFXOGDGHGHFRQGXomRRXHPGHVJDVWHGRVSQHXVRXHPDPERVRVHIHLWRV
6H D FDPEDJHP IRU H[DJHUDGD R ERUGR H[WHULRU GR SQHX VRIUHUi XP GHVJDVWH
H[FHVVLYR 2V DXWRPyYHLV FRP WUDomR GLDQWHLUD DSUHVHQWDP FRP IUHTXrQFLD XP
PHQRU GHVYLR (P JUDQGH Q~PHUR GH VLVWHPDV GH VXVSHQVmR LQGHSHQGHQWH D
FDPEDJHPSDVVDGHSRVLWLYDSDUDQHJDWLYDTXDQGRDURGDVREHRXGHVFH$VURGDV



FRP XPD FDPEDJHP QHJDWLYD SHUPDQHQWH VmR XWLOL]DGDV HP DOJXQV DXWRPyYHLV
HVSHFLDOPHQWHDWUiVHWDPEpPHPDOJXQVPRGHORVHVSRUWLYRV


ÆQJXOR GH LQFOLQDomR GR SLQR PHVWUH GD PDQJD GH HL[R ³FDVWHU´ ± 8P DXWRPyYHO
GHYH WHU WHQGrQFLD SDUD VH GHVORFDU HP OLQKD UHWD H UHWRUQDU D HVVD GLUHomR DSyV
ID]HUXPDFXUYD
(VVDWHQGrQFLDTXHDVVHJXUDDHVWDELOLGDGHGRDXWRPyYHOTXDQGRHPPRYLPHQWR
HTXHREULJDRYRODQWHDUHWRUQDUDVXDSRVLomRLQLFLDODSyVXPDFXUYDGHSHQGHGH
QXPHURVRV IDWRUHV HQWUH RV TXDLV VH LQFOXHP D VXVSHQVmR H D HODVWLFLGDGH GRV
SQHXV VHQGR XP GRV IDWRUHV PDLV LPSRUWDQWHV R kQJXOR GH LQFOLQDomR GR SLQR
PHVWUHRFDVWHU
$ DWXDomR GHVWH IDWRU p IDFLOPHQWH FRPSUHHQGLGD DWUDYpV GD REVHUYDomR SRU
H[HPSOR GRV URGt]LRV GH XP FDUULQKR GH FKi (VWHV DR VHU HPSXUUDGR R FDUUR
URGDPVHJXLQGRHPOLQKDUHWDDPHQRVTXHVHOKHVLPSULPDGHOLEHUDGDPHQWHXPD
PXGDQoD GH GLUHomR 1XP DXWRPyYHO R kQJXOR GH LQFOLQDomR GR SLQR PHVWUH WHP
WDPEpPFRPRIXQomRREULJDUDURGDDSHUFRUUHUXPDOLQKDUHWD
2SRQWRFHQWUDOGDVXSHUItFLHGHFRQWDWRGDURGDFRPRVRORVLWXDVHDWUiVGDOLQKD
LPDJLQiULD TXH SURORQJD R HL[R GR SLQR PHVWUH GD PDQJD GH HL[R DWp D IDL[D GH
URGDJHP 2 kQJXOR GH LQFOLQDomR GR SLQR PHVWUH p IRUPDGR SHOD OLQKD TXH SDVVD
SHORHL[RGHVWHHDOLQKDYHUWLFDOTXHSDVVDSHORFHQWURGDURGD7DOFRPRRkQJXOR
GHFDPEDJHPGHYHVHUYHULILFDGRDSyVTXDOTXHUDFLGHQWH




Fluido

2 IOXtGR GD GLUHomR KLGUiXOLFD DOpP GH VXD IXQomR SULQFLSDO TXH p SUHVVXUL]DU R
VLVWHPDWDPEpPWHPDIXQomRGHOXEULILFDURVPHFDQLVPRV3RULVVRpLPSRUWDQWH
DSHULyGLFDYHULILFDomRGRQtYHOHDVSHFWRGRIOXtGRGRVLVWHPDHWDPEpPREHGHFHU
RSUD]RSDUDWURFD
7DPEpPpLPSRUWDQWHUHVSHLWDUDVH[LJrQFLDVGRyOHRHVSHFLILFDGDVSHORIDEULFDQWH
yOHRFRPYLVFRVLGDGHGLIHUHQWHSRGHFDXVDUGDQRVDRVLVWHPD

Carroceria
1D VXD H[SUHVVmR PDLV VLPSOHV XP DXWRPyYHO p XPD YLJD VXSRUWDGD HP FDGD
H[WUHPLGDGHS{UURGDVSHORTXHGHYHVHUVXILFLHQWHPHQWHIRUWHSDUDQmRGREUDUQD
SDUWH FHQWUDO LVWR p VHU UHVLVWHQWH j IOH[mR 8P DXWRPyYHO GHYH WDPEpP VHU
UHVLVWHQWH DRV HVIRUoRV GH WRUomR LPSRVWRV SHODV LUUHJXODULGDGHV GR SDYLPHQWR
VREUHRTXDOURGDHDGHWHUPLQDGDVFDUJDVWDLVFRPRRSHVRGRPRWRURLPSXOVR
GDV PRODV H SHTXHQRV HPEDWHV SDUD TXH XPD HVWUXWXUD VHMD UHVLVWHQWH VHP VHU
PXLWRSHVDGDRVPDWHULDLVTXHDFRPS}HGHYHPVHUXWLOL]DGRVFRPXPPi[LPRGH
HILFLrQFLD
$FDUURFHULDGHYHFRQWXGRSDUDDOpPGHVHUUHVLVWHQWHSURSRUFLRQDUHVSDoRSDUD
RV RFXSDQWHV GR DXWRPyYHO H SDUD DV EDJDJHQV H WDPEpP SURWHJHU DTXHOHV HP
FDVR GH DFLGHQWHV 8PD FDUURFHULD GHPDVLDGDPHQWH UtJLGD DEVRUYHUi SRXFD
HQHUJLDUHVXOWDQWHGRLPSDFWRQXPDFROLVmRDXPHQWDQGRDVVLPDTXHpWUDQVPLWLGD
DRV RFXSDQWHV GR YHtFXOR 3RU RXWUR ODGR XPD FDUURFHULD GHPDVLDGDPHQWH IUDFD
SRGHDEDWHUVHVREUHHVWHV
2 PRYLPHQWR GR DXWRPyYHO p FRQWUDULDGR SHOD UHVLVWrQFLD GR DU H GRV SQHXV $
UHVLVWrQFLD LPSRVWD SHOR DU DXPHQWD SURSRUFLRQDOPHQWH FRP R TXDGUDGR GD
YHORFLGDGH SRU H[HPSOR VH D YHORFLGDGH GXSOLFDU D UHVLVWrQFLD DR DYDQoR
TXDGUXSOLFDHVHDYHORFLGDGHWULSOLFDUDUHVLVWrQFLDSDVVDDVHUQRYHYH]HVPDLRU
2HIHLWRGDUHVLVWrQFLDGRDUSRGHULDVHUUHGX]LGRFDVRDFDUURFHULDDSUHVHQWDVVHD
IRUPDGH XPD JRWDGH iJXDTXDQGRFDL IRUPD LPSUDWLFiYHO GHYLGRj OLPLWDomR GR
HVSDoR GHVWLQDGR DRV RFXSDQWHV )RL QHFHVViULR HQFRQWUDU XPD VROXomR GH
FRPSURPLVVR HQWUH HVVD IRUPD LGHDO H GDV FDUURFHULDV DQWLJDV FRP SDUD EULVDV
YHUWLFDLVHIDUyLVH[WHULRUHVTXHRSXQKDPXPDJUDQGHUHVLVWrQFLDDRDYDQoR
$ FDUURFHULD GHYH SURWHJHU RV RFXSDQWHV FRQWUD DV LQFOHPrQFLDV GR WHPSR H
WDPEpP VHU UHVLVWHQWH D HVWDV 6H D FDUURFHULD IRU GH DoR R IDEULFDQWH WHP GH
HYLWDU QmR Vy DV ]RQDV RQGH SRVVD DORMDU±VH XPLGDGH TXH SURYRFDULD D IRUPDomR
GH IHUUXJHP PDV WDPEpP R HPSUHJR GH GHWHUPLQDGRV PHWDLV HP FRQWDWR FRP R
DoRGRTXHUHVXOWDULDFRUURVmRSRUDomRHOHWURTXtPLFD




 




 
$ IRUPD EiVLFD GD FDUURFHULD p D GH XPD FDELQD IHFKDGD FRP GXDV RX TXDWUR
SRUWDV H XP FRPSDUWLPHQWR SDUD EDJDJHP QRUPDOPHQWH DWUiV2V SLFNXSV FRP
DPSOR HVSDoR SDUD FDUJD WRUQDVH FDGD YH] PDLV SRSXODU 2 DXWRPyYHO GH FLQFR
SRUWDVpXPDEHPVXFHGLGDFRQFHSomRGDTXHOHWLSRGHYHtFXOR

Monobloco
8PDXWRPyYHOSRGHVHUFRQVWLWXtGRSRUXPFKDVVLTXDGURRXOHLWRDSDUDIXVDGRD
XPDFDUURFHULDRXSRUXPFKDVVLHXPDFDUURFHULDIRUPDQGRXPDXQLGDGH
2FRQMXQWRFKDVVLFDUURFHULDQRUPDOPHQWHGHVLJQDGRSRUFRQVWUXomRPRQREORFRp
DIRUPDPDLVJHQHUDOL]DGD$SULQFLSDOYDQWDJHPGHVWHWLSRGHFRQVWUXomRUHVLGHQR
IDWR GH SHUPLWLU REWHU FDUURFHULDV PDLV OHYHV $ FRQVWUXomR PRQREORFR DSUHVHQWD
WUrV YDULDQWHV WRWDOPHQWH PRQREORFR GH DUPDomR LQWHULRU VHPL PRQREORFR H
PRQREORFRFRPVXEHVWUXWXUDV




$HVWUXWXUDWRWDOPHQWHPRQREORFRFRQVWLWXtGDSRUSHoDVSUHQVDGDVVROGDGDVHQWUH
VL p PXLWR LQGLFDGD SDUD DXWRPyYHLV GH SHTXHQDV H PpGLDV GLPHQV}HV $ VXD
UHVLVWrQFLD j UHIOH[mR UHVXOWD HP SDUWH GDV ORQJDULQDV KRUL]RQWDLV H[LVWHQWHV DR
ORQJRGDVERUGDVH[WHULRUHVGRSLVRHQWUHDVURGDVGDIUHQWHHDVGHWUiV
1RVDXWRPyYHLVGHPRWRUGLDQWHLURHGHWUDomRWUDVHLUDDUHVLVWrQFLDpDXPHQWDGD
SHORW~QHOGRHL[RGHWUDQVPLVVmR H[LVWHQWHDRORQJRGRSLVR 6RE HVWHHPDOJXQV
PRGHORV VmR DFUHVFHQWDGRV UHIRUoRV 2 WHWR UHIRUoD R FRQMXQWR SRU PHLR GDV
FROXQDV GH DSRLR H SDLQpLV ODWHUDLV TXH R XQHP DR SLVR D UHVLVWrQFLD j WRUomR p
SURSRUFLRQDGDVREUHWXGRSHORVDQWHSDURVHVWUXWXUDVUHIRUoDGDVH[LVWHQWHVjIUHQWH
HDWUiVGRFRPSDUWLPHQWRGHVWLQDGRDRPRWRULVWDHDRVSDVVDJHLURVHWDPEpPHP
SDUWHSHORFRQMXQWRIRUPDGRSHORVSiUDODPDVHWHWRXQLGRVSHODVFROXQDVGRVSDUD
EULVDVHODWHUDLV
8PDHVWUXWXUDWRWDOPHQWHPRQREORFRWHPDVVXDVGHVYDQWDJHQV±SDUWLFXODUPHQWH
TXDQWR DR FXVWR GH IDEULFDomR ([LJH LQYHVWLPHQWRV FRQVLGHUiYHLV HP FRPSOH[D
PDTXLQDULD GH HVWDPSDJHP TXH VHUmR DSHQDV MXVWLILFiYHLV QR FDVR GH XPD
SURGXomRHPJUDQGHHVFDOD&RPRQHVWHWLSRGHFRQVWUXomRRVSDLQpLVID]HPSDUWH
GRFRQMXQWRDUHSDUDomRGRVGDQRVFDXVDGRVSRUXPDFLGHQWHSRGHWRUQDVHPXLWR
GLVSHQGLRVD 7RGD XPD VHomR GD FDUURFHULD SRGH WHU GH VHU FRUWDGD H VXEVWLWXtGD
SRUXPDVHomRPXLWRPDLRUTXHDGDQLILFDGD
+iDLQGD R ULVFR GH XPDEDWLGD PDLRU SURYRFDU XPDGLVWRUomR QD FDUURFHULD8PD
RXWUD GHVYDQWDJHP GHVWD FRQVWUXomR UHVLGH QR IDWR GH QRV PRGHORV FRPXQV D
SDUWHGHWUiVVHUXPWDQWRPDLVUHVLVWHQWHTXDQWRPDLVDOWDIRUDWUDYHVVDSRVWHULRU
GRSRUWDPDODVRTXHH[LJHXPFRQVLGHUiYHOHVIRUoRSDUDFDUUHJDUHGHVFDUUHJDUD
EDJDJHP




&DUURFHULD GH DUPDomR LQWHULRU RX VHPL PRQREORFR ± $ FDUURFHULD GH DUPDomR
LQWHULRU RX VHPL PRQREORFR IRL LQWURGX]LGD Ki DOJXQV DQRV DWUiV SHOD 5RYHU QR
VHX PRGHOR   WHQGR VLGR GHVGH HQWmR DGRWDGD SRU RXWURV IDEULFDQWHV GH
DXWRPyYHLV
e FRQVWLWXtGD SRU XPD HVWUXWXUD EiVLFD TXH FRPSUHHQGH R SLVR RV DQWHSDURV RV
VXSRUWHV SDUD R PRWRU VXVSHQVmR DV HVWUXWXUDV ODWHUDLV H R WHWR TXH
SURSRUFLRQDPDQHFHVViULDUHVLVWrQFLDEiVLFD$HVWDHVWUXWXUDVmRDSDUDIXVDGRVRV
SDUDODPDVRWHWRHRSDLQHOLQIHULRUGDIUHQWH$QWHVGDIL[DomRGHVWHVHOHPHQWRVH
XPD YH] PRQWDGDV DV URGDV H D VXVSHQVmR R DXWRPyYHO SRGH VHU HPSXUUDGR GH
XPODGRSDUDRXWUR±RXPHVPRFRQGX]LGR±VHPRULVFRGHVHUGDQLILFDGR
&RPR RVHOHPHQWRVGHVPRQWiYHLVQmRFRQWULEXHPSDUDDUHVLVWrQFLDGDHVWUXWXUD
HVWHWLSRGHFDUURFHULDpXPSRXFRPDLVSHVDGRGRTXHRGHFRQVWUXomRWRWDOPHQWH
PRQREORFR (P FRQWUDSDUWLGD RV HOHPHQWRV GHVPRQWiYHLV VmR PDLV IiFLO H
HFRQRPLFDPHQWH VXEVWLWXtGRV TXDQGR GDQLILFDGRV (VWD IRUPD GH FRQVWUXomR
SHUPLWHDLQGDDRIDEULFDQWHLQWURGX]LUIDFLOPHQWHSHTXHQDVDOWHUDo}HVQDVOLQKDVGR
DXWRPyYHO


6XEHVWUXWXUDVLQGHSHQGHQWHV1RILPGDGpFDGDGHYHULILFRXVHHQWUHDOJXQV
GRV PDLRUHV IDEULFDQWHV GH DXWRPyYHLV XPD WHQGrQFLD SDUD D XWLOL]DomR GH
VXEHVWUXWXUDVSDUDVXSRUWHGHXPRXPDLVGRVSULQFLSDLVFRQMXQWRVPHFkQLFRV±R
PRWRURGLIHUHQFLDOHDVXVSHQVmR(VWDVVXEHVWUXWXUDVVmRIL[DVDXPDFDUURFHULD
PRQREORFRVLPSOLILFDGD
(VWH WLSR GH FRQVWUXomR HPERUD PDLV SHVDGR GR TXH R GD FDUURFHULD WRWDOPHQWH
PRQREORFR DSUHVHQWD FRQWXGR QtWLGDV YDQWDJHQV &RPR DV OLJDo}HV HQWUH D
FDUURFHULD H VXEVWLWXtGDV VmR IOH[tYHLV D WUDQVPLVVmR GH UXtGRV H YLEUDo}HV p
UHGX]LGDRTXHUHVXOWDQXPPDLRUFRQIRUWRSDUDRVRFXSDQWHVGRDXWRPyYHO
6HQGRWDPEpPPDLVIiFLORDFHVVRjVSHoDVPHFkQLFDVYHULILFDVHXPDUHGXomRGR
WHPSRH[LJLGRSHORVWUDEDOKRVGHPDQXWHQomRHGRFXVWRGRVUHSDURV(VWHWLSRGH
FRQVWUXomR TXH SRGH VHU XWLOL]DGR HP DXWRPyYHLV GH TXDLVTXHU GLPHQV}HV
VLPSOLILFD D SURGXomR Mi TXH RV FRQMXQWRV PHFkQLFRV SRGHP VHU PRQWDGRV
VHSDUDGDPHQWH QDV VXDV VXEHVWUXWXUDV $V PRGLILFDo}HV QDV OLQKDV GR DXWRPyYHO
QmR VmR FRQWXGR PDLV IiFHLV GH LQWURGX]LU QHVWH WLSR GH FRQVWUXomR GR TXH QDV
FDUURFHULDVWRWDOPHQWHPRQREORFR




 

Chassis
2FKDVVLUHVLVWHQWHHVWUXWXUDGHDoRTXHVXSRUWDDFDUURFHULDHRPRWRUpDLQGDGH
XWLOL]DomRJHQHUDOL]DGDQRVDXWRPyYHLVDPHULFDQRVDSHVDUGHMiQmRID]HUSDUWHGD
PDLRULDGRVPRGHORVHXURSHXV
2 PRGHOR FOiVVLFR GH FKDVVL XWLOL]DGR GHVGH D GpFDGD GH   FRQVLVWH HP
ORQJDULQDVODWHUDLVHPIRUPDGH8FRPELQDGDVFRPUHIRUoRVWUDQVYHUVDLVHPIRUPD
GH;TXHSURSRUFLRQDPXPDPDLRUUHVLVWrQFLDjWRUomR$WXDOPHQWHVmRXWLOL]DGDV
HP JHUDO VHo}HV UHWDQJXODUHV SDUD DV ORQJDULQDV ODWHUDLV H SDUD RV UHIRUoRV
WUDQVYHUVDLVHPIRUPDGH;RTXHOKHVFRQIHUHDLQGDPDLRUUHVLVWrQFLD&RPHVWDV
HVWUXWXUDVRSLVRWHQGHDVHUDOWR
2V PRGHORV HVSRUWLYRV GD PDUFD /RWXV DSUHVHQWDP XP FKDVVL HP IRUPD GH ; GH
YLJDFHQWUDOPXLWRDOWDHQTXDQWRD9RONVZDJHQXWLOL]DXPFKDVVLGHSLVRUHIRUoDGR
H SODQR 2V FKDVVLV GRV DXWRPyYHLV DPHULFDQRV DSUHVHQWDP HP JHUDO RV
HOHPHQWRV UHVLVWHQWHV QD SHULIHULD SDUD TXH R SLVR VHMD EDL[R (VWD GLVSRVLomR
FRQVLVWH EDVLFDPHQWH QXP UHWkQJXOR DEHUWR IRUPDGR SRU HOHPHQWRV GH VHomR
UHWDQJXODUVHQGRRVODGRVPHQRUHVGRUHWkQJXORIDEULFDGRGHPRGRDDXPHQWDUD
UHVLVWrQFLDjWRUomRTXHGHRXWUDIRUPDVHULDSHTXHQD
$OJXQV IDEULFDQWHV XWLOL]DP WXERV GH DoR GH JUDQGH GLkPHWUR HP YH] GRV
HOHPHQWRV HP IRUPD GH 8 RX UHWkQJXODU Mi RXWURV VROGDP XP JUDQGH Q~PHUR GH
WXERV GH SHTXHQD VHomR SDUD FRQVHJXLU XPD HVWUXWXUD WULGLPHQVLRQDO OHYH PDLV
UHVLVWHQWH




 


9HUVmR PRGHUQD GR FKDVVL HP ; SURGX]LGR SHOD /RWXV SDUD XP GRV VHXV PRGHORV
HVSRUWLYRV$IRUWHYLJDFHQWUDOFRPSHQVDDIDOWDGHULJLGH]GDFDUURFHULDGHSOiVWLFR
UHIRUoDGDHLQFOXLRVVXSRUWHVRQGHVHDSyLDDVXVSHQVmR




 
$ 9RONVZDJHQ XWLOL]RX XP FKDVVL WLSR SODWDIRUPD 2 SLVR GH DoR HVWDPSDGR LQFOXL
WRGRVRVHOHPHQWRVQHFHVViULRVSDUDSURSRUFLRQDUUHVLVWrQFLDORQJLWXGLQDOjWRUomR
(VWHPRGHORGHFKDVVLWDPEpPSHUPLWHPRGLILFDo}HVQDVOLQKDVGRDXWRPyYHO

0DWHULDLVGDFDUURFHULD±2DoRpDLQGDRPDWHULDOPDLVHFRQ{PLFRHHILFLHQWHSDUD
DSURGXomRHPVpULHGHFDUURFHULDVLQGHSHQGHQWHV$VSHoDVVmRSUHQVDGDVDSDUWLU
GHFKDSDVGHDoRGHGLIHUHQWHVHVSHVVXUDV
2 DOXPtQLR HPERUD WHQKD XP SUHoR PDLV HOHYDGR TXH R DoR p FRP IUHTXrFLD
XWLOL]DGR QD SURGXomR GH DOJXQV YHtFXORV Mi TXH p GH IiFLO PROGDJHP PDQXDO RX
SRGHVHUWUDEDOKDGRHPPiTXLQDVUHODWLYDPHQWHVLPSOHVeWDPEpPPDLVOHYHTXH
RDoRHQmRR[LGD8PDFDUURFHULDGHDOXPtQLRDSUHVHQWDFRQWXGRDGHVYDQWDJHP
GHVHUHPJHUDOPHQRVUHVLVWHQWHTXHXPDFDUURFHULDGHDoR
&DGD YH] PDLV VmR XWLOL]DGDV DV FDUURFHULDV GH SOiVWLFR PROGDGR ± HP JHUDO R
SOiVWLFRpUHIRUoDGRFRPILEUDGHYLGUR3OiVWLFRXWLOL]DGRpQRUPDOPHQWHDUHVLQDGH
SROLHVWHUHQR RX jV YH]HV D UHVLQD GH HSR[LHWDQR GH SUHoR PDLV HOHYDGR (VWHV
PDWHULDLV WrP D SURSULHGDGH GH HQGXUHFHU FRP R FDORU H QmR DPROHFHU TXDQGR
QRYDPHQWHDTXHFLGRV
2V SOiVWLFRV TXH WHQGHP DDPROHFHUTXDQGRVXEPHWLGRV D DOWDV WHPSHUDWXUDV VmR
PHQRV UtJLGRV GR TXH RV SOiVWLFRV UHIRUoDGRV FRP ILEUD GH YLGUR HPERUD VHMDP
PDLVIiFHLVGHPROGDU2DFULORQRLWULOR±EXWDGLHQR±HVWLUHQRPDWHULDOUHVLVWHQWHH
UD]RDYHOPHQWH ULMR p XWLOL]DGR QDV WDPSDV GRV SRUWDPDODV QDV JUDGHV HWF  H
SRGHUiYLUVrORQDVFDUURFHULDV
$VHJXUDQoDHDFDUURFHULD±3DUDTXHRIHUHoDRPi[LPRGHVHJXUDQoDDFDUURFHULD
GHYHVHUFRQVWLWXtGDSRUXPDFDL[DUtJLGDHUHVLVWHQWHGHVWLQDGDDRPRWRULVWDHDRV
SDVVDJHLURV URGHDGR SRU GRLV FRUSRV XP DQWHULRU H R RXWUR SRVWHULRU FDSD]HV GH
DPROJDQGRVHSURJUHVVLYDPHQWHDEVRUYHUDHQHUJLDGDEDWLGDHPFDVRGHFROLVmR
$ FRQVWUXomR PRQREORFR p D TXH PHOKRU VH DGDSWD D HVWH ILP Mi TXH SHUPLWH
SURMHWDU D FDUURFHULD GH PRGR TXH HVWD LQFOXD GLIHUHQWHV WLSRV GH VHo}HV XPDV
IRUWHV H RXWUDV IUDFDV FRQIRUPH IRU QHFHVViULR 2 FKDVVL IRUPDGR SRU QXPHURVRV
WXERV GH DoR GH SHTXHQR GLkPHWUR WDPEpP SURSRUFLRQD XP HOHYDGR JUDX GH
VHJXUDQoD Mi TXH DEVRUYH D HQHUJLD GD EDWLGD DR FRQWUiULR GR FKDVVL UtJLGR TXH
WHQGHDWUDQVPLWLUJUDQGHSDUWHGHVVDHQHUJLDDRVRFXSDQWHVGRYHtFXOR




 
$OJXPDVFDUURFHULDVGHSOiVWLFRVmRPDLVUHVLVWHQWHVGRTXHDVPHWiOLFDVHPFDVRV
SHTXHQRVGHFKRTXHXPDFDUURFHULDGHDFULOR±QLWULOR±EXWDGLHQR±HVWLUHQRSRGH
UHFXSHUDU D VXD IRUPD RULJLQDO DSyV XPD FROLVmR $ R[LGDomR DSDUHFLPHQWR GH
IHUUXJHQVFRQVWLWXLXPYHUGDGHLURSHULJRQRVDXWRPyYHLVGHFRQVWUXomRPRQREORFR
HP DoR HVSHFLDOPHQWH TXDQGR VH YHULILFD QDV SDUWHV VXEPHWLGDV D PDLRU WHQVmR
1XPHURVRVDFLGHQWHVVmRSURYRFDGRVSHODUXSWXUDGH XPDSHoDR[LGDGDTXDQGRR
DXWRPyYHOFLUFXODDJUDQGHYHORFLGDGHRVIDEULFDQWHVDSHUIHLoRDPFRQVWDQWHPHQWH
PpWRGRVSDUDLPSHGLUDR[LGDomR

Segurança


8PDXWRPyYHOGHYHVHUFRQFHELGRGHPRGRTXHDVSUREDELOLGDGHVGHTXHYHQKDD
VRIUHU XP DFLGHQWH VHMDP PXLWR UHGX]LGDV H WDPEpP GH PRGR TXH FDVR HVWH
RFRUUDRVULVFRVGRVSDVVDJHLURVILFDUHPIHULGRVVHMDUHGX]LGRDRPtQLPRSRVVtYHO
2 DXWRPyYHO GHYH RIHUHFHU DR PRWRULVWD ERD YLVLELOLGDGH H WDPEpP FRPRGLGDGH
SDUDTXHHVWHQmRVHFDQVHIDFLOPHQWH3DUDVDWLVID]HURSULPHLURUHTXLVLWRGHYHVH
UHGX]LU DV GLPHQV}HV GRV SRQWRV GH YLVLELOLGDGH QXOD FRPR 3RU H[HPSOR DV
FROXQDVPDQWHURVSDUD±EULVDVVHPSUHOLPSRVGHiJXDGDFKXYDRXGHVXMHLUDH
HYLWDU PHGLDQWH D XPD ERD YHQWLODomR R HPEDoDPHQWR LQWHULRU GRV YLGURV HP
WHPSR IULR $ WHPSHUDWXUD QR LQWHULRU GR DXWRPyYHO H D UHQRYDomR GR DU WDPEpP
LQIOXHP QD HILFiFLD GR PRWRULVWD Mi TXH WDQWR R IULR FRPR D DWPRVIHUD SRXFR
DUHMDGDFRQWULEXHPSDUDDIDGLJD




2V EDQFRV IXQGDPHQWDLV SDUD R FRQIRUWR GR PRWRULVWD H GRV SDVVDJHLURV GHYHP
SURSRUFLRQDU XP ERP DSRLR SDUD DV FRVWDV GH IRUPD D SHUPLWLU XPD SRVWXUD
DGHTXDGD H QXPD FHUWD PHGLGD LPSHGLU R GHVORFDPHQWR GRV RFXSDQWHV GHYLGR D
XPD IRUoD FHQWUtIXJD D TXH HVWHV VmR VXEPHWLGRV TXDQGR R DXWRPyYHO ID] XPD
FXUYD
8PD YH] VHQWDGR R PRWRULVWD GHYH SRGHU REVHUYDU RV GLYHUVRV LQVWUXPHQWRV GR
SDLQHO H DOFDQoDU RV GLIHUHQWHV FRPDQGRV VHP TXH VHMD QHFHVViULR LQFOLQDUVH RX
GHVYLDUVXDDWHQomRGDIDL[DGHURGDJHP6HJXQGRDVQRUPDVGHVHJXUDQoDWRGDV
DV VXSHUItFLHV FRQWUD RV TXDLV RV RFXSDQWHV SRVVDP HOLPLQDU HP FDVR GH DFLGHQWH
GHYHP VHU DOPRIDGDGRV DV FROXQDV GD GLUHomR QmR GHYHP GHVORFDUVH
GHPDVLDGDPHQWHSDUDWUiVHPFDVRGHFKRTXHIURQWDOHGHYHPDEVRUYHURLPSDFWR
RV GLYHUVRV LQWHUUXSWRUHV H FRPDQGRV QmR GHYHP VHU GHPDVLDGRV VDOLHQWHV HP
UHODomRDRSDLQHOHDVIHFKDGXUDVQmRGHYHPSHUPLWLUTXHDVSRUWDVVHDEUDPHP
GHFRUUrQFLDGHXPDFROLVmR
2V DXWRPyYHLV DWXDOPHQWH IDEULFDGRV DSUHVHQWDP WDPEpP XP DSRLR SDUD D
FDEHoDTXHWHPDYDQWDJHPGHHYLWDUOHV}HVQRSHVFRoRHPFDVRGHFKRTXHVSRU
WUiVHPERUDSRVVDREVWUXLUEDVWDQWHDYLVLELOLGDGHGRPRWRULVWDQDVPDQREUDVHP
PDUFKD Up 1RV ~OWLPRV WHPSRV WHP KDYLGR QRWiYHLV SURJUHVVRV QR GRPtQLR GRV
YLGURV SDUD R SiUDEULVDV H DV MDQHODV 2 YLGUR ODPLQDGR GH VHJXUDQoD UHVLVWH
PHOKRUjSHQHWUDomRRIHUHFHQGRPHQRUSHULJR
2VFLQWRVGHVHJXUDQoDFRQWULEXHPVLJQLILFDWLYDPHQWHSDUDDVHJXUDQoDUHGX]LQGR
RVULVFRVGHOHV}HVJUDYHVHPSHORPHQRVGRVFDVRVGHDFLGHQWHV'HDFRUGR
FRP R &yGLJR GH 7UkQVLWR WRGRV RV DXWRPyYHLV GHYHP HVWDU HTXLSDGRV FRP RV
FLQWRV GH VHJXUDQoD SDUD R PRWRULVWD H SDUD RV SDVVDJHLURV TXH FRQVWHP QD VXD
FDSDFLGDGH GH WUDQVSRUWH LQGLFDGR SDUD FDGD YHLFXOR $ OHL QmR H[LJH HP DOJXQV
SDtVHVTXHRVFLQWRVVHMDPXWLOL]DGRVKDYHQGRDVVLPPXLWRVPRWRULVWDVTXHQmRVH
EHQHILFLDPGDVVXDVYDQWDJHQVSULQFLSDOPHQWHQRTXHVHUHIHUHDDFLGHQWHV
&DUDFWHUtVWLFDVTXHDXPHQWDPDVHJXUDQoDGHXPDXWRPyYHO
3DUD UHGX]LU R PtQLPR SRVVtYHO R SHULJR GH OHV}HV GRV RFXSDQWHV HP FDVR GH XP
DFLGHQWH R LQWHULRU GR DXWRPyYHO GHYHUi DSUHVHQWDU R PHQRU Q~PHUR SRVVtYHO GH
VDOLrQFLDVDJXGDVQRVODGRVQRWHWR H QRSDLQHO$OJXQVFRPDQGRVH LQWHUUXSWRUHV
GH PRGHORV DQWLJRV WRUQDYDPVH SHULJRVRV YLVWR VHUHP GHPDVLDGRV VDOLHQWHV 2V
UHERUGRV GR SDLQHO RX GR SRUWDOXYDV GHYHUmR VHU DOPRIDGDGRV SDUD VXDYL]DU D
SDQFDGD FDVR R RFXSDQWH GR DXWRPyYHO VHMD SURMHWDGR SDUD IUHQWH WDO FRPR
DFRQWHFHQDVIUHQDJHQVEUXVFDV
5HQRYDomR GR DU QR LQWHULRU GR YHtFXOR  $R PHVPR WHPSR HP TXH VH WRUQD FDGD
YH] PDLV IiFLO UHJXODU D WHPSHUDWXUD QR LQWHULRU GR DXWRPyYHO  DSHUIHLoRDVH
WDPEpPRVLVWHPDGHYHQWLODomR$VHQWUDGDVGHDUIL[DVVLWXDPVHJHUDOPHQWHS{U
EDL[RGRSiUDEULVDVHQTXDQWRDVUHJXOiYHLVVHHQFRQWUDPQRSDLQHO$FRUUHQWHGH
DUSDVVDVREUHDVMDQHODVHVDLS{UUHVSLURV
)HFKDGXUD GDV SRUWDV ± $OpP GDV IHFKDGXUDV GDV SRUWDV QRUPDOPHQWH DFLRQiYHLV
SHOR LQWHULRU RX SHOR H[WHULRU QXPHURVRV DXWRPyYHLV DSUHVHQWDP IHFKDGXUDV TXH
HYLWDPTXHDVFULDQoDVDEUDPDVSRUWDVSHORODGRGHGHQWUR
1XPEDWLGDPDLVYLROHQWDTXDOTXHURFXSDQWHTXHSHORRIDWRGHQmRHVWDUXVDQGRR
FLQWR GH VHJXUDQoD VHMD SURMHWDGR SRU XPD SRUWD TXH VH DEUD WHP R GREUR GH
SUREDELOLGDGH GH VRIUHU XP EDWLGD PRUWDO GR TXH RXWUR TXH QmR WHQKD VLGR
SURMHWDGR 3RU FRQVHJXLQWH XPD IHFKDGXUD TXH QmR FHGD HP FDVR GH FROLVmR
SURSRUFLRQDPDLRUVHJXUDQoDDHVWHSDVVDJHLUR
3RUPHQRUHV TXH DXPHQWDP D VHJXUDQoD GR PRWRULVWD ± $OJXQV GRV PHOKRUHV H
PDLV PRGHUQRV EDQFRV GD IUHQWH DSUHVHQWDP XP HQFRVWR GH LQFOLQDomR UHJXOiYHO
1RV DXWRPyYHLV PDLV PRGHUQRV TXDQGR R HQFRVWR GR EDQFR WUDVHLUR SRGH VHU
LQFOLQDGR SDUD IUHQWH D ILP GH SHUPLWLU R DFHVVR DR FRPSDUWLPHQWR GH WUiV H[LVWH
XPWULQFRTXHRPDQWpPIL[RHPFDVRGHFROLVmR
0HFDQLVPRGHDFLRQDPHQWRGRVYLGURVGDVMDQHODV±2VIHFKDGXUDVGDVSRUWDVHDV
PDQLYHODVGHDFLRQDPHQWRGRVYLGURVGHYHPVHUFRQFHELGRVGHPRGRDQmRFDXVDU
IHULPHQWRVHPFDVRGHDFLGHQWH2VYLGURVGHYHPSHUPDQHFHUQLYHODGRVDRVHUHP



DFLRQDGRV SDUD QmR HPSXUUDUHP H QmR SHUPLWLUHP HQWUDGD GH DU TXDQGR HVWmR
OHYDQWDGRV

Airbag




 
$ VHJXUDQoD GR FRQGXWRU IRL DXPHQWDGD DGRWDQGR FRPR FRPSOHPHQWR R FLQWR GH
VHJXUDQoD HP DOJXQV YHtFXORV R GLVSRVLWLYR DLU EDJ TXH SURWHJH LQWHUYLQGR
LQVWDQWDQHDPHQWHHPFDVRGHFKRTXHIURQWDOGRLPSDFWRFRQWUDRYRODQWH
2$,5%$*pXPGLVSRVLWLYRGHVHJXUDQoDFRQVWLWXtGRSRUXPDEROVDTXHHPFDVR
GH FKRTXH IURQWDO LQIODVH DXWRPDWLFDPHQWH LQWHUSRQGRVH HQWUH R FRUSR GR
PRWRULVWDHDVHVWUXWXUDVGRYHtFXORYRODQWH
$ILPGHTXHHVWHGLVSRVLWLYRSRVVDRIHUHFHUjPi[LPDVHJXUDQoDpLQGLVSHQViYHO
TXH R PRWRULVWD HVWHMD XVDQGR R FLQWR GH VHJXUDQoD FRP SUp WHQVLRQDGRU SRUTXH
VRPHQWH QHVWH FDVR HVWDUi JDUDQWLGD D Pi[LPD HILFLrQFLD GH LQWHUYHQomR 8P
VHQVRU PHFkQLFR GH GHVDFHOHUDomR FDOLEUDGR DGHTXDGDPHQWH OHYDQWD D FRQGLomR
GH FKRTXH H GLVSDUD DWUDYpV GH GRLV GHWRQDGRUHV D UHDomR GH XP FRPSRVWR
TXtPLFRTXHSURGX]D]RWR2D]RWRVHHQFDUUHJDGHLQIODULQVWDQWDQHDPHQWHDEROVD
HPWHFLGRVLQWpWLFRDORMDGDQRFHQWURGRYRODQWHGRYHtFXOR

2 IXQFLRQDPHQWR GR VLVWHPD $06)$&(%$* p DFLRQDGR SRU XP GLVSRVLWLYR TXH
LQWHUYpP TXDQGR R YHtFXOR DWLQJH RX VXSHUD XP OLPLDU GH GHVDFHOHUDomR
HVWDEHOHFLGR GXUDQWH R SURMHWR TXH FRUUHVSRQGH D XP FKRTXH IURQWDO D XPD
YHORFLGDGHGHDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHNPK(VWHVSDUkPHWURVGHSHQGHPGHGLYHUVRV
IDWRUHVHQWUHRVTXDLVRSHVRGRYHtFXORDHVWUXWXUDHWFHSRUWDQWRQmRVmRRV
PHVPRVSDUDWRGRVRVPRGHORV




 
$SDUWLUGRPRPHQWRQRTXDOVHYHULILFDRFKRTXHRFRUUHRGLVSDURGRVLVWHPDGH
HQFKLPHQWR H D SUHVVmR GR JiV FRPHoD D VXELU JUDGXDOPHQWH QD EROVD D TXDO p
DLQGDUHWLGDSHODWDPSDGRPyGXOR FRQVWLWXtGRSHOR UHFREULPHQWRSOiVWLFRVLWXDGR
QRFHQWURGRYRODQWH2FRUSRGRPRWRULVWDDLQGDHVWiQDSRVLomRQRUPDO
$SDUWLUGRPRPHQWRGRFKRTXHDSUHVVmRH[LVWHQWHQDEROVDVREHDWpDWLQJLUXP
YDORU GH DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH  NJFP TXDGUDGR FRP D FRQVHTHQWH DEHUWXUD GD
WDPSD GR LQYyOXFUR VDtGD GR WUDYHVVHLUR H R LQtFLR GR HQFKLPHQWR 2 FRUSR GR
PRWRULVWDQHVWHSHUtRGRGHWHPSRFRPHoDDGHVORFDUVHSDUDIUHQWHHHQFRQWUDVH
DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH HQWUH D SRVLomR QRUPDO DVVXPLGD QD GLUHomR H D SRVLomR GH
FROLVmR FRP D EROVD 1R PRPHQWR HP TXH D EROVD p OLEHUDGD GH VHX LQYyOXFUR D
SUHVVmR GR JiV VREH YHOR]PHQWH S{U FDXVD GD UiSLGD H[SDQVmR GD SUySULD EROVD
(PXPFHUWRPRPHQWRDSUHVVmRWHQGHDDVVXPLUYDORUHVQHJDWLYRV
$ SUHVVmR QD EROVD UHDVVXPH YDORUHV SRVLWLYRV XPD YH] TXH D SDUWLU GHVWH
PRPHQWR LQLFLDVH R HQFKLPHQWR SURSULDPHQWH GLWR TXH FRORFDUi D EROVD HP
FRQGLomRGHH[SDQVmRPi[LPD(QWmRGiVHRLPSDFWRGRFRUSRGRPRWRULVWDFRPD
EROVD 1D EROVD D SUHVVmR FRQWLQXD D VXELU DWp DWLQJLU R VHX YDORU Pi[LPR
DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH  NJFP PRPHQWR HP TXH D FDEHoD H XPD SDUWH GR
FRUSR GR PRWRULVWD DSyLDVH WRWDOPHQWH QD EROVD (P VHJXLGD D SUHVVmR QD EROVD
FDLDWpDQXODUVH

'LVSRVLWLYRVFRPPyGXORGHDLUEDJHOHWU{QLFRVHSDUDGRGRWUDYHVVHLURIXQFLRQDP
FRPGRLVVHQVRUHVORFDOL]DGRVQRYmRGRPRWRUQRUPDOPHQWHQDVODWHUDLVGLUHLWDH
HVTXHUGDWUDWDVHGHDFHOHU{PHWURVTXHWHPDIXQomRGHHQYLDUXPVLQDOjFHQWUDO
HPFDVRGHGHVDFHOHUDomREUXVFD




 
8PDFHQWUDOHOHWU{QLFDTXHUHFHEHRVLQDOGRVDFHOHU{PHWURVHHQYLDHPWHPSRUHDO
XPVLQDOGHLQWHUYHQomRDRPyGXORDLUEDJSURSULDPHQWHGLWR
8P WHUFHLUR DFHOHU{PHWUR QR LQWHULRU GD FHQWUDO HOHWU{QLFD WHP D IXQomR GH
YHULILFDomRHFRQWUROHGHIRUPDDLPSHGLURDFLRQDPHQWRGRGLVSRVLWLYRHPFDVRGH
FKRTXHVODWHUDLVVRODYDQFRVLPSUHYLVWRVRXRXWUDVFDXVDVDFLGHQWDLV
2 0yGXOR DLU EDJ ORFDOL]DGR QR YRODQWH TXH FRQWHP XP FDUWXFKR H[SORVLYR $
FHQWUDO DSyV UHFHEHU R VLQDO GRV VHQVRUHV FRPDQGD D H[SORVmR GR FDUWXFKR
FDXVDQGRXPDUHDomRTXtPLFDTXHJHUDXPJiVTXHLQIODDEROVDDEROVDGHVLQIOD
H[SHOLQGRRJiVDWUDYpVGHIXURVFDOLEUDGRVDGHTXDGDPHQWH

9LGD~WLOGRVGLVSRVLWLYRV±$HILFLrQFLDGRGLVSRVLWLYRpJDUDQWLGDS{UXPSHUtRGRGH
 DQRV D SDUWLU GD SULPHLUD LQVWDODomR FRP YHQFLPHQWR JUDYDGR QD SODTXHWD
FRORFDGD QR YHtFXOR $R YHQFLPHQWRGHVWDGDWD R GLVSRVLWLYR GHYHUi VHU DWLYDGR H
GHVWUXtGRFRPRSUHVFULWRSHORVUHJXODPHQWRVJRYHUQDPHQWDLVYLJHQWHV

Ar condicionado
8PVLVWHPDGHDUFRQGLFLRQDGRDVVHJXUDXPPDLRUFRQIRUWRGXUDQWHDFRQGXomRGR
YHLFXORDUUHIHFHQGRRDUVRERHIHLWRGHXPGLDTXHQWHVHFDQGRRDUHOLPSDQGRR
DU
$SHQDVpSRVVtYHOSURGX]LUIULRRXVHMDDUUHIHFHU XPDVXEVWDQFLD UHWLUDQGROKH R
FDORUTXHHODFRQWHP




 
1XPYHtFXORRFRQGLFLRQDPHQWRGRDUEDVHLDVHQXPDOHLQDWXUDOGHTXHRVOLTXLGRV
VH HYDSRUDPTXDQGR H[SRVWRV D XPDXPHQWR GH WHPSHUDWXUD RX XPDUHGXomR GD
SUHVVmRDEVRUYHQGRRFDORUGXUDQWHHVWHSURFHVVR6HHVWHYDSRUDTXHFLGRYROWDUD
VHU DUUHIHFLGR OLEHUWD R FDORU TXH WLQKD DEVRUYLGR H YROWD D OLTXHID]HUVH (VWH
SURFHVVRSRGHUHSHWLUVHWDQWDVYH]HVTXDQWRVHSUHWHQGDGHIRUPDDSURGX]LUIULR
FRQWLQXDPHQWH

3DUDPHOKRUFRPSUHHQVmRGRSURFHVVRTXHRFRUUHQXPVLVWHPDGHDUFRQGLFLRQDGR
WRUQDVHQHFHVViULRDOHLWXUDGRVFRQFHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVHP³IXQGDPHQWRV´

Fundamentos
80,'$'(5(/$7,9$'2$5
e EHP FRQKHFLGR SHODV REVHUYDo}HV PHWHULROyJLFDV TXH R DU PDLV TXHQWH SRGH
DEVRUYHU PDLV XPLGDGH YDSRU GH iJXD GR TXH R DU PDLV IULR $OHP GLVVR SRGH
WDPEpP YHULILFDUVH TXH R DU PDLV TXHQWH TXH DEVRUYHX XPD TXDQWLGDGH Pi[LPD
GH YDSRU GH iJXD FRQGHQVDVH TXDQGR DUUHIHFLGR D XPD FHUWD WHPSHUDWXUD
IRUPDQGR JRWLFXODV GH iJXD (VWD WHPSHUDWXUD p FRQKHFLGD SRU SRQWR GH
FRQGHQVDomRDOWXUDHPTXHDXPLGDGHUHODWLYDGRDUpGH


$ XPLGDGH UHODWLYD GR DU p GH JUDQGH LPSRUWkQFLD SDUD QRVVR FRQIRUWR $FKDPRV
TXH XP QtYHO GH XPLGDGH GR DU LQIHULRU D  p DJUDGiYHO YLVWR TXH D XPLGDGH
OLEHUWDGDSHORFRUSRKXPDQRSRGHVHUIDFLOPHQWHDEVRUYLGDSHORDU6HD XPLGDGH
VREHDFLPDGRVDFKDPRVTXHRDUpGHVDJUDGiYHOHPWHPSRTXHQWHSRLVRDU
QmR p FDSD] GH DEVRUYHU PDLV XPLGDGH &RQVHTXHQWHPHQWH RV VLVWHPDV GH DU
FRQGLFLRQDGRFRQWURODPWDQWRDWHPSHUDWXUDFRPRDXPLGDGHGRDU

75$16)(5(1&,$'(&$/25





$ WUDQVIHUrQFLD GH FDORU p RXWUR SURFHVVR ItVLFR TXH VH YHULILFD QR VLVWHPD GH DU
FRQGLFLRQDGR 8PD WUDQVIHUrQFLD GH FDORU YHULILFDVH VHPSUH TXHGXDV VXEVWkQFLDV
GH GLIHUHQWHV WHPSHUDWXUDV HQWUDP HP FRQWDWR XPD FRP D RXWUD H R FDORU
WUDQVIHUHVHGDVXEVWkQFLDPDLVTXHQWHSDUDDPDLVIULD(VWDWURFDYHULILFDVHDWp
TXHVHMDHVWDEHOHFLGRXPHTXLOtEULRGDWHPSHUDWXUD
$ TXDQWLGDGH GR FDORU WUDQVIHULGR PHGHVH HP -RXOHV - RX .LORMRXOHV .- $
GHILQLomRpDVHJXLQWHDTXDQWLGDGHGHFDORUQHFHVViULDSDUDHOHYDUDWHPSHUDWXUD
GH.JGHiJXDSDUDƒ&p.-

&$/25/$7(17('((9$325$d­2('(&21'(16$d­2

'XUDQWH D HYDSRUDomR HD FRQGHQVDomRR FDORU DSOLFDGR p XWLOL]DGRSDUD FRQYHUWHU
XPD VXEVWDQFLD OLTXLGD QXPD VXEVWDQFLD JDVRVD H QmR SDUD DXPHQWDU D VXD
WHPSHUDWXUD
([HPSOR
$TXHFHVHiJXDQXPDSDQHODHTXDQGRHODFRPHoDDIHUYHUDWHPSHUDWXUDDWLQJH
ƒ&IRUPDQGRRYDSRUGHiJXD1HVWDDOWXUDPHVPRTXHVHDSOLTXHPDLVFDORU
D WHPSHUDWXUD GD iJXD PDQWpPVH FRQVWDQWH QRV ƒ& $ iJXD DTXHFLGD p
FRQYHUWLGDFRPSOHWDPHQWHHPYDSRUVHIRUDSOLFDGRPDLVFDORU


2 FDORU QHFHVViULR SDUD LVWR p GHQRPLQDGR FDORU ODWHQWH GH HYDSRUDomR 6H
UHWLUDUPRV D WDPSD SRGHPRV YHU D FRQGHQVDomR GR YDSRU GH iJXD QD WDPSD HP
IRUPD GH SHTXHQDV JRWDV GH iJXD $ HQHUJLD WpUPLFD FRQWLGD QR YDSRU p
WUDQVPLWLGDSDUDWDPSDHSDUDRDPELHQWHFLUFXODQWH7RGRRDTXHFLPHQWRSHUGLGR
GXUDQWHDFRQGHQVDomRpGHQRPLQDGRFDORUODWHQWHGHFRQGHQVDomR




(9$325$d­2(&21'(16$d­2¬$/7$635(66®(6
35(66­2'29$325
$XPDSUHVVmRDWPRVIpULFDQRUPDODiJXDHYDSRUDVHHFRQGHQVDVHDƒ&1R
HQWDQWR HVWD WHPSHUDWXUD GHSHQGH GD SUHVVmR H[HUFLGD VREUH R OLTXLGR D




GHQRPLQDGD SUHVVmR GR YDSRU SRU H[HPSOR D SUHVVmR GH  EDU D iJXD DSHQDV
IHUYHDƒ&


9$3256$785$'2(9$325683(5$48(&,'2
6H D iJXD IRU OHYDGD D IHUYXUD QXP UHFLSLHQWH IHFKDGR IRUPDVH XPD QXYHP GH
YDSRU TXH DXPHQWD FRQWLQXDPHQWH VREUH R OLTXLGR DWp TXH D SUHVVmR GR YDSRU p
LJXDOjSUHVVmRGDiJXD
6H D WHPSHUDWXUD FRPHoDU D VXELU GHSRLV GH WRGR R OLTXLGR VH WHU HYDSRUDGR R
YDSRUpGHVLJQDGRSRUYDSRUVXSHUDTXHFLGR
7RGRV RV JDVHV FRPR R DU R R[LJrQLR RX R GLy[LGR GH FDUERQR VmR HIHWLYDPHQWH
YDSRUHVVXSHUDTXHFLGRVRXVHMDMiQmRWHPOLJDomRFRPROLTXLGRTXHRVSURGX]
2UHIULJHUDQWHXWLOL]DGRQRVVLVWHPDVGHDUFRQGLFLRQDGRpXPYDSRUVDWXUDGR±WHP
XPD OLJDomR GLUHWD FRP R OLTXLGR TXH R SURGX]LX(9$325$d­2 ( &21'(16$d­2
'25()5,*(5$17(

$ iJXD QmR VHUYH FRPR UHIULJHUDQWH QRV VLVWHPDV GH DU FRQGLFLRQDGR YLVWR TXH R
VHX SRQWR GH HEXOLomR p PXLWR HOHYDGR PHVPR D EDL[DV SUHVV}HV QmR VH REWHULD
TXDOTXHUHIHLWRUHIULJHUDQWHTXDQGRVHHYDSRUDVVH

&21'(16$d­2

1R FLUFXLWR UHIULJHUDQWH GR VLVWHPD GH DU FRQGLFLRQDGR R UHIULJHUDQWH JDVRVR
SUHYLDPHQWHFRPSULPLGRHDTXHFLGRSDVVDDWUDYpVGHXPFRQGHQVDGRUFRQVWLWXtGR
S{U QXPHURVDV DOHWDV GH DUUHIHFLPHQWR 2 DU H[WHULRU PDLV IULR DR SDVVDU SHOR
FRQGHQVDGRU DUUHIHFH R UHIULJHUDQWH GH XPD IRUPD WmR EUXVFD TXH HVWH VH
FRQGHQVD2FDORUOLEHUWDGRpDEVRUYLGRHOHYDGRSDUDRDUH[WHULRU


(9$325$d­2




2OtTXLGRUHIULJHUDQWHpERPEHDGRDDOWDSUHVVmRSDUDDYiOYXODGHH[SDQVmRHGDt
LQMHWDGRHPHGLGRHPTXDQWLGDGHVULJRURVDVSDUDRHYDSRUDGRUFRQVWLWXtGRSRUXP
VLVWHPD GH WXERV $ V~ELWD TXHGD GH SUHVVmR REULJD R UHIULJHUDQWH D HYDSRUDU H
DUUHIHFHU UHGX]LQGR D WHPSHUDWXUD GR HYDSRUDGRU 2 FDORU p UHWLUDGR GR DU TXH
SDVVD VREUH R H[WHULRU GR DORMDPHQWR GR HYDSRUDGRU $VVLP R DU DUUHIHFLGR HQWUD
QRLQWHULRUGRYHLFXOR

Refrigerantes
5()5,*(5$17(5

25pXP&)&JDVRVRIOXRUFDUERQRFORUDGRTXHWHPXPSRQWRGHHEXOLomRGH±

ƒ&jSUHVVmRDWPRVIpULFDDRQtYHOGRPDU
2 SRQWR GH HEXOLomR GHSHQGH GD SUHVVmR RX VHMD R SRQWR GH HEXOLomR DXPHQWD
TXDQGR D SUHVVmR DXPHQWD $ FKDPDGD FXUYD GD SUHVVmR GR YDSRU PRVWUD DV
SUHVV}HVHDVWHPSHUDWXUDVDVTXDLVRUHIULJHUDQWHHVWiOLTXLGRRXJDVRVR
25WHPDVVHJXLQWHVSURSULHGDGHV
eLQRGRURHPFRQFHQWUDo}HVLQIHULRUHVD
1mRpWR[LFRH[FHWRHPFRQWDWRFRPDFKDPDRXFRPVXSHUItFLHVTXHQWHV
1mRpLQIODPiYHO
1mRpH[SORVLYR
$EVRUYHDXPLGDGHUDSLGDPHQWH
ePLVFtYHOFRPyOHRVPLQHUDLV
4XDQGRJDVRVRpPDLVSHVDGRGRTXHRDU
1mRDWDFDRVPHWDLVRXERUUDFKD
eXPJiV&)&TXHDIHWDRDPELHQWHFRQWpPFORURTXHDIHWDDFDPDGDGHR]{QLR
GDDWPRVIHUD




 

$VRSHUDo}HVHUHSDURVGHVHUYLoRIHLWDVHPRILFLQDVTXHQmRWHPHTXLSDPHQWRGH
UHFLFODJHPGRJiVFRQWULEXL
&RPRSUREOHPDGHR]{QLRQDDWPRVIHUD

5()5,*(5$17(5D
$ SDUWLU GRV PRGHORV GH  IRL SURJUHVVLYDPHQWH LQWURGX]LGR R UHIULJHUDQWH
5
2 5D p XP IOXRUFDUERQHWR JDVRVR $R FRQWUiULR GR 5 p LVHQWR GH FORUR H
SRUWDQWRQmRDIHWDDFDPDGDGRR]{QLR1RHQWDQWRR5DpSUHMXGLFLDODRPHLR
DPELHQWHYLVWRFRQWULEXLUSDUDRHIHLWRHVWXID
2DHR5WrPUHDo}HVVLPLODUHVjWHPSHUDWXUDHjSUHVVmRLVWRpR5Dp
JDVRVR D SUHVVmR QRUPDO H DSHQDV VH FRQGHQVD TXDQGR DUUHIHFLGR j WHPSHUDWXUD
GH±ƒ&$FXUYDGDSUHVVmRGRYDSRUPRVWUDDVSUHVV}HVHWHPSHUDWXUDVjVTXDLV
R5DpOLTXLGRRXJDVRVR
25DWHPDVVHJXLQWHVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV
eLQRGRUR
1mRpWy[LFRHPEDL[DVFRQFHQWUDo}HV
1mRpLQIODPiYHO
6ypPLVFtYHOFRPOXEULILFDQWHVVLQWpWLFRVHQmRFRPyOHRVPLQHUDLV
4XDQGRJDVRVRpPDLVSHVDGRGRTXHRDU
1mRpH[SORVLYR
$EVRUYHDXPLGDGHUDSLGDPHQWH
1mRDWDFDRVPHWDLV
$WDFDRVWXERVHRVDQpLVYHGDGRUHVXWLOL]DGRFRPRUHIULJHUDQWH5SRULVVRVy
GHYHPVHUXWLOL]DGRVWXERVHYHGDGRUHVDSURSULDGRVSDUDRUHIULJHUDQWH5D




Expansão variável


2FLUFXLWRUHIULJHUDQWHGLYLGHVHHPODGRGHDOWDSUHVVmRHODGRGHEDL[DSUHVVmR$
HYDSRUDomR GR UHIULJHUDQWH p FRQWURODGD QR ODGR GH EDL[D SUHVVmR HQTXDQWR D
FRQGHQVDomRpFRQWURODGDQRODGRGHDOWDSUHVVmR

2 UHIULJHUDQWH JDVRVR p LQGX]LGR H FRPSULPLGR SHOR FRPSUHVVRU 'XUDQWH HVWH
SURFHVVRpDTXHFLGRDXPDWHPSHUDWXUDHQWUHRVƒ&HRVƒ&
2JiVTXHQWHpHQWmRERPEHDGRSDUDRFRQGHQVDGRU2FRQGHQVDGRUpFRQVWLWXtGR
SRU QXPHURVDV DOHWDV GH DUUHIHFLPHQWR DWUDYpV GRV TXDLV SDVVD R JiV 2 JiV
UHIULJHUDQWH p DUUHIHFLGR SHOD FRUUHQWH GH DU FRP DX[LOLR GD YHQWRLQKD DX[LOLDU HP
FHUWRVPRGHORVHFRQGHQVDVH
2 OLTXLGR UHIULJHUDQWH FRQGHQVDGR p VHJXLGDPHQWH LQMHWDGR QR HYDSRUDGRU HP
TXDQWLGDGHV ULJRURVDPHQWH PHGLGDV DWUDYpV GD YiOYXOD GH H[SDQVmR FRQWURODGD
SHODSUHVVmRHWHPSHUDWXUD,VWRRULJLQDXPD EUXVFDTXHGDGHSUHVVmRHROLTXLGR
HYDSRUDVH




'XUDQWH HVWH SURFHVVR R FDORU p H[WUDtGR GR DU SRU PHLR GR HYDSRUDGRU 2 DU
H[WHULRUTXHQWHTXHHQWUDQRFDUURpDUUHIHFLGRHODQoDGRSDUDRLQWHULRUDWUDYpVGR
VLVWHPDGLVWULEXLGRUGHDUSHODYHQWRLQKDGRDTXHFLPHQWRDUFRQGLFLRQDGR
2 WDQTXH ILOWUR VHFDGRU p RXWUR FRPSRQHQWH LPSRUWDQWH 6HUYH FRPR UHVHUYDWyULR
GR UHIULJHUDQWH OtTXLGR H DR PHVPR WHPSR ILOWUD D XPLGDGH DEVRUYLGD SHOR
UHIULJHUDQWH

Compressor


([LVWHP YiULRV WLSRV H PRGHORV GH FRPSUHVVRUHV PDV WRGRV WrP DV PHVPDV
IXQo}HV TXH VmR DXPHQWDU D SUHVVmR H D WHPSHUDWXUD GR JiV UHIULJHUDQWH H
ERPEHiOR
2FRPSUHVVRUDVSLUDROLTXLGRUHIULJHUDQWHGRWDQTXHILOWURVHFDGRUQRFLUFXLWRFRP
YiOYXOD GH H[SDQVmR GH VHomR IL[D RX GR HYDSRUDGRU QR FLUFXLWR FRP YiOYXOD GH
H[SDQVmR YDULiYHO DWUDYpV GD OLJDomR GH EDL[D SUHVVmR (P FRQGLo}HV LGHDLV R
FRPSUHVVRUFRPSULPHRJiVUHIULJHUDQWHDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHGHSDUDEDUQR
SURFHVVRDTXHFHQGRRGHƒ&DWpDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHƒ&Hƒ&

(VWHV YDORUHV GH SUHVVmR H WHPSHUDWXUD UHIHUHPVH D XP VLVWHPD LGHDO 1XP
YHtFXOR D EDL[D SUHVVmR HQFRQWUDPVH HQWUH  H  EDU HD DOWD SUHVVmRVLWXDVH
HQWUHDEDUHPFRQGLo}HVH[WUHPDV$WHPSHUDWXUDGRJiVUHIULJHUDQWHSRGH
VXELU DWp DRV ƒ& 2 JiV TXHQWH p ERPEHDGR SDUD R FRQGHQVDGRU VRE DOWD
SUHVVmRDWUDYpVGDOLJDomRGDDOWDSUHVVmR

2FRPSUHVVRUpOXEULILFDGRFRPyOHRUHIULJHUDQWHHVSHFLDO(VWHyOHRPLVWXUDVHFRP
R UHIULJHUDQWH TXDQGR R VLVWHPD GH DU FRQGLFLRQDGR IXQFLRQD 2 yOHR OXEULILFDQWH
SDUDRUHIULJHUDQWH5pXPyOHRPLQHUDOHRyOHRSDUDRUHIULJHUDQWH5DpXP
yOHRVLQWpWLFR




 
2 FRPSUHVVRU p DFLRQDGR SHOR YLUDEUHTXLP DWUDYpV GH XPD FRUUHLD H QD IUHQWH GR
FRPSUHVVRU HQFRQWUDVH XPD HPEUHDJHP HOpWUR PDJQpWLFD /RJR TXH p GDGD D
SDUWLGD QR PRWRU D SROLD GR FRPSUHVVRU URGD OLYUH 4XDQGR VH DFLRQD R DU
FRQGLFLRQDGR D FRUUHQWH SDVVD SHOD ERELQD LQGXWRUD PDJQHWL]DQGRD ,VWR DWUDL R
SUDWR GH DFLRQDPHQWR IL[DQGRR j SROLD H GLUHWDPHQWH OLJDGR DR HL[R GR
FRPSUHVVRUDFLRQDQGRGHVWDIRUPDRHL[RGRFRPSUHVVRU

4XDQGR D HPEUHDJHP HVWi OLJDGD R FRPSUHVVRU DFHOHUD GH DFRUGR FRP D
YHORFLGDGH GR PRWRU 4XDQGR p GHVOLJDGR D FRUUHQWH GHL[D GH SDVVDU QD ERELQD
LQGXWRUD R SUDWR DIDVWDVH GD SROLD GD FRUUHLD SDUDQGR DVVLP R HL[R GR
FRPSUHVVRU(VWHSURFHVVRpFRPSOHWDGRSRUPRODVGHUHWRUQR

Condensador
&21'(16$'25

$IXQomRGRFRQGHQVDGRUpDUUHIHFHUHDVVLPOLTXHID]HURUHIULJHUDQWHJDVRVR
2 FRQGHQVDGRU p FRQVWLWXtGR S{U XPD VHUSHQWLQD OLJDGD D QXPHURVDV DOHWDV GH
DUUHIHFLPHQWR
2FRPSUHVVRUERPEHLDRJiVUHIULJHUDQWHTXHQWHDXPDWHPSHUDWXUDHQWUHRVƒ&
H RV ƒ& H D DOWD SUHVVmR SDUD R WXER GH HQWUDGD QR WRSR GR FRQGHQVDGRU
4XDQGRRJiVTXHQWHFLUFXODDWUDYpVGDVHUSHQWLQDDUUHIHFHHFRQGHQVDVH

8PD YHQWRLQKD p XVDGD SDUD DUUHIHFHU R UHIULJHUDQWH PDLV UDSLGDPHQWH R FDORU
LUUDGLDGR SHOR FRQGHQVDGRU p FRQWURODGR SRU   RX  YHQWRLQKDV FRQIRUPH R
VLVWHPD H R PRGHOR (VWDV YHQWRLQKDV VmR DFLRQDGDV HOHWULFDPHQWH RX SRU XPD
FRUUHLDGHSHQGRGRWLSRHPRGHOR







2WLSRGDYHQWRLQKDWDPEpPGLIHUHGHSHQGHQGRGRPRGHOR(PWRGRVRVPRGHORVD
YHQWRLQKDpFRQWURODGDSHORLQWHUUXSWRUGDYHQWRLQKDGHDUUHIHFLPHQWRFRPFRQWUROH
WpUPLFRQRFLUFXLWRGHDUUHIHFLPHQWRGRPRWRU
2FRQGHQVDGRUpPRQWDGRQDIUHQWHGRUDGLDGRUGRYHtFXOR

Filtro secador
2UHIULJHUDQWHHPDOWDSUHVVmRSDVVDGRFRQGHQVDGRUDWUDYpVGRWXERGHDGPLVVmR
QR WDQTXH ILOWUR VHFDGRU 1R SURFHVVR XP HOHPHQWR VHFDGRU H[WUDL D XPLGDGH
DEVRUYLGDHILOWUDDVLPSXUH]DV2UHIULJHUDQWHSDVVDSRUXPWXERGHHOHYDomRSDUD
RWXERGHVDtGDHGHSRLVSDUDDYiOYXODGHH[SDQVmR
([LVWH XP YLVRU SDUD YHULILFDU R IOX[R GR OLTXLGR UHIULJHUDQWH QR WXER GH VDtGD GR
WDQTXHILOWURVHFDGRU
6H R VLVWHPD ILFDU DEHUWR RX FRP YD]DPHQWRV SRU XP SHUtRGR PDLRU R ILOWUR
VHFDGRUGHYHUiVHUVXEVWLWXtGR






Válvula variável
$YiOYXODGHH[SDQVmRpFRQVWLWXtGDSHORFRUSRGHYiOYXODHDFDEHoDGRGLDIUDJPD
2UHIULJHUDQWHOLTXLGRTXHYHPGRWDQTXHILOWURVHFDGRUFLUFXODSHORIXURLQIHULRUHp
LQMHWDGR QR HYDSRUDGRU HP TXDQWLGDGHV ULJRURVDPHQWH PHGLGDV (VWD PHGLomR p
HIHWXDGDSHORUHIULJHUDQWHOLTXLGRFRQWLGRQDFDEHoDGRGLDIUDJPD
2 JiV UHIULJHUDQWH SURYHQLHQWH GR HYDSRUDGRU FLUFXOD OLYUHPHQWH DWUDYpV GR IXUR
VXSHULRUGDYiOYXODGHH[SDQVmRSDUDRFRPSUHVVRU




(P RSHUDomR R UHIULJHUDQWH OtTXLGR YHP GR WDQTXH ILOWUR VHFDGRU H FLUFXOD SHOD
HQWUDGDGDYiOYXOD
2UHIULJHUDQWHSDVVD SHOD VHGH GD YiOYXOD H GHSRLV SDUD R HYDSRUDGRU $DEHUWXUD
GDVHGHGDYiOYXODpUHJXODGDSHODWHPSHUDWXUDGRJiVFLUFXODQWHGRHYDSRUDGRU
$ PROD JDUDQWH DSHQDV R UHWRUQR GR UHIULJHUDQWH JDVRVR 6H SRU H[HPSOR D
WHPSHUDWXUD GR JiV YLQGD GR HYDSRUDGRU VXELU QR IXUR VXSHULRU GD YiOYXOD R
UHIULJHUDQWHOLTXLGRFRQWLGRQDFDEHoDGRGLDIUDJPDpWDPEpPDTXHFLGRSHORVHQVRU
GHWHPSHUDWXUD2UHIULJHUDQWHH[SDQGHVHHIRUoDSDUDEDL[RDHVIHUDQDVHGHGD
YiOYXODS{UPHLRGH XPGLDIUDJPDHDJXLDGDYiOYXODGHIRUPDDDEULUDVHGHGD
YiOYXOD ,VWR DXPHQWD D FLUFXODomR GR UHIULJHUDQWH SDUD R HYDSRUDGRU TXH VH
DUUHIHFHHDWHPSHUDWXUDGRJiVFLUFXODQWHGHVFHDLQGDPDLV

Evaporador
2HYDSRUDGRUHVWiORFDOL]DGRGHQWURGRKDELWiFXORGRYHLFXORDWUiVGRYHQWLODGRUGR
DTXHFLPHQWRDU FRQGLFLRQDGR H IXQFLRQD FRPR XP SHUPXWDGRU GH FDORU Ê
FRQVWLWXtGRSRUQXPHURVDVVHUSHQWLQDVOLJDGDVSRUDOHWDV
2UHIULJHUDQWHGRVDGRSHODYiOYXODGHH[SDQVmRRXSHODYiOYXODGHH[SDQVmRIL[Dp
LQMHWDGR QR HYDSRUDGRU VRE D IRUPD GH OLTXLGR D EDL[D SUHVVmR /RJR TXH R
UHIULJHUDQWH HQWUD HPFRQWDWRFRPDVSDUHGHV LQWHUQDVGDVHUSHQWLQDHYDSRUDVH
UHWLUDQGR DVVLP R FDORU GDV PHVPDV $V VHUSHQWLQDV H R FRQMXQWR HYDSRUDGRU
DUUHIHFHPUDSLGDPHQWH2JiVUHIULJHUDQWHpGHSRLVDVSLUDGRSHORFRPSUHVVRU




 
2DUTXHSDVVDDWUDYpVGRHYDSRUDGRUIRUoDGRSHORYHQWLODGRUpDUUHIHFLGRVHFRH
ODQoDGRSDUDRLQWHULRUGRYHLFXOR1RSURFHVVRDXPLGDGHUHWLUDGDGRDUpODQoDGD
FRQWUD DV SDOKHWDV GR HYDSRUDGRU H FRQGHQVDVH $ FRQGHQVDomR IRUPDGD p
GUHQDGDDWUDYpVGHXPWXERHODQoDGDSDUDRH[WHULRUGRYHLFXOR$VSDUWtFXODVGH
SRHLUD SyOHQ HWF TXH VH DJDUUDP DR HYDSRUDGRU VmR ODYDGDV VLPXOWDQHDPHQWH
'HVWDIRUPDRDUpOLPSRHVHFR

Controle eletronico
&21752/( (/(75Ð1,&2 6,67(0$ &20 9È/98/$ '( (;3$16­2 '( 6(d­2
9$5,$9(/
2 VLVWHPD GH DU FRQGLFLRQDGR QmR ILFD OLJDGR DSHQDV SRU SUHVVLRQDU R LQWHUUXSWRU
GHL[DQGRR GHSRLV HP IXQFLRQDPHQWR FRQWLQXR $ HPEUHDJHP PDJQpWLFD GR
FRPSUHVVRU GR DU FRQGLFLRQDGR OLJDVH H GHVOLJDVH HP LQWHUYDORV HVSHFtILFRV
YiULDVYH]HVSRUPLQXWR(VWHVLQWHUYDORVVmRFRQKHFLGRVSRUFLFORVGDHPEUHDJHP
HGHSHQGHPGHYiULRVIDWRUHV
ā 7HPSHUDWXUD DPELHQWH FLFORV FXUWRV D HOHYDGDV WHPSHUDWXUDV GR DPELHQWH
PDLRUHV FLFORV D EDL[DV WHPSHUDWXUDV DPELHQWH R LQWHUUXSWRU GR DU FRQGLFLRQDGR
GHVOLJDVHDWHPSHUDWXUDVLQIHULRUHVDƒ&
ā 3UHVVmR QD YiOYXOD GH DOWD SUHVVmR GR VLVWHPD GH DU FRQGLFLRQDGR GHVOLJDVH
TXDQGRDSUHVVmRH[FHGHXPYDORUPi[LPRHVSHFLILFDGR
ā 3UHVVmR QD YiOYXOD GH EDL[D SUHVVmR GR VLVWHPD GH DU FRQGLFLRQDGR GHVOLJDVH
TXDQGRDSUHVVmRFDLDEDL[RGHXPYDORUPtQLPRHVSHFLILFDGR
ā &DUJD GR PRWRU R VLVWHPD GH DU FRQGLFLRQDGR p GHVOLJDGR GXUDQWH XP EUHYH
PRPHQWRTXDQGRRPRWRUHVWiIXQFLRQDQGRjSOHQDFDUJD
5RWDomRGHPDUFKDOHQWDGHYHVHUDMXVWDGDSHORPRGXORGHLQMHomRHOHWU{QLFDSDUD
FRUUHVSRQGHU D FDUJD H[WUD GR PRWRU TXDQGR VH OLJD R DU FRQGLFLRQDGR 2V VLQDLV
GHHQWUDGDGRVVHQVRUHVGDLQMHomRHOHWU{QLFDVmRXWLOL]DGRVSDUDLVVR




 

,QWHUUXSWRU GH FRQWUROH GH SUHVVmR  6HQVRU GH WHPSHUDWXUD GR OLTXLGR GR
UDGLDGRU
7HUPRVWDWR6HQVRUGHIDVH
,QWHUUXSWRUGRDUFRQGLFLRQDGR6HQVRUGHIOX[RGRDU
,QWHUUXSWRUGDYHQWRLQKDGHDTXHFLPHQWR5HOHGHFRUWHGRDUFRQGLFLRQDGR
,QWHUUXSWRUGHDTXHFLPHQWR(PEUHDJHPHOHWURPDJQpWLFDGRDU
,QWHUUXSWRUGHLJQLomR5HOpGDYHQWRLQKDGRDUUHIHFLPHQWR
6HQVRUGDSRVLomRGDERUEROHWD9HQWRLQKDGRDUUHIHFLPHQWR
6HQVRUGHYHORFLGDGH9iOYXODGHFRQWUROHGDPDUFKDOHQWD

Interuptor de ar
,17(5583725'2$5&21',&,21$'2
2LQWHUUXSWRUWHPFRPRREMHWLYROLJDUHGHVOLJDURDUFRQGLFLRQDGR
4XDQGR VH SUHVVLRQD R LQWHUUXSWRU D DOLPHQWDomR GH  YROWV p OLJDGD DWUDYpV GR
PyGXOR GH LQMHomR HOHWU{QLFD H DWUDYpV GR LQWHUUXSWRU GH GHVFRQJHODPHQWR TXH VH
HQFRQWUDGHVOLJDGR
2PyGXORGH LQMHomRHOHWU{QLFDRULJLQD RFRUWHGHDUFRQGLFLRQDGRQD DFHOHUDomRD
IXQGR GH IRUPD D IHFKDU R FLUFXLWR$ HPEUHDJHP GR DU FRQGLFLRQDGR GLVS}H HQWmR
GH YROWDJHP R VHX LQWHUUXSWRU IHFKD H R VLVWHPD ILFD HP IXQFLRQDPHQWR SRUTXH
HVWD VLWXDomR DOWHUD D FDUJD GR PRWRU R PyGXOR GH LQMHomR WDPEpP DMXVWD D
URWDomRGDPDUFKDOHQWDGRPRWRU

Ventuinha do aquecimento
,17(5583725'$9(172,1+$'2$48(&,0(172




(PTXDVHWRGRVRVPRGHORVRLQWHUUXSWRUGDYHQWRLQKDGRDTXHFLPHQWRpURWDWLYRH
FRP YiULDV SRVLo}HV SDUD VHOHFLRQDU GLIHUHQWHV YHORFLGDGHV GH DTXHFLPHQWRDU
FRQGLFLRQDGR


'HSHQGHQGRGRPRGHORGRYHLFXORRDUTXHYDLSDUDRLQWHULRUGRYHLFXORSRGHVHU
SURYHQLHQWH GR H[WHULRU RX UHFLUFXODGR 1RV PRGHORV VHP LQWHUUXSWRU VHSDUDGR GH
DUFRQGLFLRQDGROLJDVHHVWHQRERWmRGDYHQWRLQKD2VLVWHPDGHDUFRQGLFLRQDGR
VySRGHVHUDWLYDGRTXDQGRDYHQWRLQKDHVWiOLJDGDSDUDTXHRDUDUUHIHFLGRSRVVD
HQWUDUQRLQWHULRUGRYHLFXOR
4XDQGR OLJDVH R LQWHUUXSWRU GD YHQWRLQKD R FLUFXLWR GH FRQWUROH GR UHOp GD
HPEUHDJHPPDJQpWLFDIHFKD

Acelaração a fundo
&257('2$5&21',&,21$'21$$&(/(5$d­2$)81'2
7HPFRPRREMHWLYRGHVOLJDURDUFRQGLFLRQDGRTXDQGRRDFHOHUDGRUHVWiWRWDOPHQWH
QR IXQGR SLVDGR GH IRUPD D GLVSRQLELOL]DU WRGD D SRWrQFLD GR PRWRU SDUD D
DFHOHUDomRGRYHLFXOR

4XDQGR RV LQWHUUXSWRUHV GR DU FRQGLFLRQDGR H GHVFRQJHODPHQWR HVWmR OLJDGRV Ki
FRUUHQWHLQIRUPDQGRRPyGXORGHLQMHomRHOHWU{QLFD,VWRDWLYDRPyGXORGHLQMHomR
HOHWU{QLFD SDUD IHFKDU R FLUFXLWR GH FRQWUROH GR FRUWH GR DU FRQGLFLRQDGR QD
DFHOHUDomRDIXQGR4XDQGRRDFHOHUDGRUHVWiFRPSOHWDPHQWHDEHUWRFRPRPRWRU
HP FDUJD Pi[LPD LVWR p LQGLFDGR DR PRGXOR GH LQMHomR HOHWU{QLFD SRU PHLR GR
VHQVRUGHSRVLomRGDERUEROHWD736

2 PyGXOR GH LQMHomR HOHWU{QLFD DEUH R LQWHUUXSWRU QR FRUWH H DVVLP LQWHUURPSH R
FLUFXLWR GR WUDEDOKR H DEUH D HPEUHDJHP PDJQpWLFD QR FRPSUHVVRU (VWH FRUWH
IXQFLRQDDSHQDVSRUFHUFDGHDOJXQVVHJXQGRVSDUDQmR UHGX]LUH[FHVVLYDPHQWHR
HIHLWRGRDUFRQGLFLRQDGR

Controle de pressão
,17(5583725'(&21752/('(35(66­2

7HP FRPR REMHWLYR SURWHJHU R DU

FRQGLFLRQDGR FRQWUD SUHVV}HV
H[FHVVLYDPHQWH DOWDV H EDL[DV H
WDPEpP FRQWURODU D YHQWRLQKD )LFD
ORFDOL]DGR QR WRSR GR WDQTXH VHFDGRU
DSHQDV QRV VLVWHPDV GH DU
FRQGLFLRQDGR FRP YiOYXOD GH H[SDQVmR
GHVHomRYDULiYHO
4XDQGR HP IXQFLRQDPHQWR Ki WUrV
LQWHUUXSWRUHV VHQVtYHLV D SUHVVmR
LQWHJUDGRV QR LQWHUUXSWRU GH FRQWUROH
GD SUHVVmR GRLV LQWHUUXSWRUHV GH



SUHVVmR3H3FRUWDPDDOLPHQWDomRGDFRUUHQWHiHPEUHDJHPGRFRPSUHVVRUVH
DSUHVVmRQRWDQTXHILOWURVHFDGRUH[FHGHU R YDORUPi[LPRGHFHUFDGHEDURX
FDLU DEDL[R GH XP PtQLPR GH FHUFD GH  EDU ,VWR SDUD R VLVWHPD GH DU
FRQGLFLRQDGR VH KRXYHU XPD TXHGD GH SUHVVmR SRU H[HPSOR GHYLGR D YD]DPHQWR
HP XP GRV WXERV GRLV UHIULJHUDQWH RX XP DXPHQWR GH SUHVVmR GHYLGR S{U
H[HPSOR D XPD DYDULD QDYHQWRLQKDGH DUUHIHFLPHQWR RX DLQGDD XP EORTXHLR QR
WXERGHDOWDSUHVVmR

2 WHUFHLUR LQWHUUXSWRU 3 OLJD D YHQWRLQKD GR FRQGHQVDGRU RX D YHQWRLQKD GH
DUUHIHFLPHQWR D XPD SUHVVmR GH FHUFD GH  EDU SDUD DMXGDU D DUUHIHFLPHQWR GR
OLTXLGRUHIULJHUDQWHQRFRQGHQVDGRU
2LQWHUUXSWRUGHFRQWUROHGHSUHVVmRDSHQDVGHVOLJDDYHQWRLQKDQRYDPHQWHTXDQGR
DSUHVVmRFDLSDUDEDU

&21752/(
$DOLPHQWDomRGHYROWVSDUDRFLUFXLWRGHWUDEDOKRGDHPEUHDJHPGRFRPSUHVVRU
VypOLJDGDHQTXDQWRRVGRLVLQWHUUXSWRUHVGHSUHVVmR3H3HVWLUHPIHFKDGRV6H
XP GHVWHV GRLV LQWHUUXSWRUHV HVWLYHU DEHUWR TXDQGR D SUHVVmR DWLQJH XP YDORU
Pi[LPR RX PtQLPR HVSHFLILFDGR D DOLPHQWDomR SDUD R LQWHUUXSWRU p FRUWDGD H D
HPEUHDJHPGRFRPSUHVVRUGHVDFRSODGD


4XDQGRIHFKDGRRWHUFHLURLQWHUUXSWRUGHSUHVVmROLJDTXDQGRRFLUFXLWRGHFRQWUROH
GRUHOpGDYHQWRLQKDGHDUUHIHFLPHQWRpOLJDGRiPDVVD2LQWHUUXSWRUGRUHOpHVWi
IHFKDGRHDVVLPRFLUFXLWRGHWUDEDOKRGRUHOpGDYHQWRLQKDGHDUUHIHFLPHQWRIHFKD
HDYROWDJHPGDEDWHULDpOLJDGDDWUDYpVGDYHQWRLQKDGHDUUHIHFLPHQWR


Tanque filtro secador

6XD IXQomR p DWXDU FRPR UHVHUYDWyULR GR UHIULJHUDQWH JDVRVR FRPR ILOWUR VHFDGRU
SDUDRUHIULJHUDQWHSDUDSURWHJHURFRPSUHVVRU
(P IXQFLRQDPHQWR R JiV UHIULJHUDQWH SDVVD GR HYDSRUDGRU DWUDYpV GR WXER GH
HQWUDGDSDUDRDFXPXODGRUGHDVSLUDomRVHFDGRU&LUFXODDRUHGRUGDWDPSDFULDQGR
XP WXUELOKmR 2 HOHPHQWR VHFDGRU IL[D D XPLGDGH DEVRUYLGD SHOR UHIULJHUDQWH 2
JiVUHIULJHUDQWHMXQWDVHVREDWDPSDVHQGRH[WUDtGRDWUDYpVGDDEHUWXUDGRWXER
GHVDtGD




 
2 yOHR UHIULJHUDQWH TXH VH HQFRQWUD QR IXQGR GR WDQTXH ILOWUR VHFDGRU p H[WUDtGR
DWUDYpVGRILOWURIL[DGRDRWXERHPIRUPDGH8HPLVWXUDGRFRPRJiVUHIULJHUDQWH
SRUFHQWDJHP GH PLVWXUD yOHRJiV p GH  DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH ,VWR JDUDQWH XPD
OXEULILFDomRDGHTXDGDGDVSHoDVPyYHLVGRFRPSUHVVRU

Válvula fixa
9È/98/$'((;3$16­2'(6(d­2),;$
7HP FRPR REMHWLYR UHJXODU D TXDQWLGDGH GR UHIULJHUDQWH TXH FLUFXOD DWUDYpV GR
HYDSRUDGRUHVHSDUDURODGRGDDOWDSUHVVmRGRVLVWHPDGRODGRGDEDL[DSUHVVmR
(P IXQFLRQDPHQWR R UHIULJHUDQWH OtTXLGR FLUFXOD GR FRQGHQVDGRU D DOWD SUHVVmR
SDUDRODGRGHHQWUDGDGDYiOYXODGHH[SDQVmRGHVHomRIL[D'RLVDQpLVYHGDGRUHV
HYLWDPTXHRUHIULJHUDQWHXOWUDSDVVHDYiOYXODGHH[SDQVmRGHVHomRIL[D
'RLV ILOWURV GH UHGH QD HQWUDGD H VDtGD GD YiOYXOD GH H[SDQVmR GH VHomR IL[D
OLPSDPRUHIULJHUDQWHGHSDUWtFXODVHVWUDQKDV


2 ILOWUR GH UHGH QR ODGR GD VLGD WHP WDPEpP D IXQomR GH DWRPLVDU R UHIULJHUDQWH
QXPDSXOYHUL]DomRDLQGDPDLVILQD$TXDQWLGDGHGHUHIULJHUDQWHTXHSRGHFLUFXODU
DWUDYpV GR GLkPHWUR LQWHUQR GD YiOYXOD GH H[SDQVmR GH VHomR IL[D p VHPSUH
GHWHUPLQDGDSHODSUHVVmR5HVWULQJHVHDVVLPDTXDQWLGDGHGHOLTXLGRTXHSDVVD2
GLkPHWUR LQWHUQR QD YiOYXOD GH H[SDQVmR GH VHomR IL[D YDULD GH DFRUGR FRP R
PRGHOR GR YHLFXOR EHP FRPR R DUUHIHFLPHQWR UHTXHULGR SHOR VLVWHPD GH DU




FRQGLFLRQDGR 2 GLkPHWUR LQWHUQR SRGH VHU GHWHUPLQDGR HP IXQomR GD FRU GR
DORMDPHQWRGDYiOYXODGHH[SDQVmRGHVHomRIL[D

Controle eletrônico


,QWHUUXSWRUGDHPEUHDJHP6HQVRUGHUHIHUHQFLD
,QWHUUXSWRUGHDOWDSUHVVmR6HQVRUGHIOX[RGHDU
,QWHUUXSWRUGRPRGRGHDTXHFLPHQWR5HOHGHFRUWHGRDUFRQGLFLRQDGR
,QWHUUXSWRUGDYHQWRLQKDGRDTXHFLPHQWR(PEUHDJHPGRDUFRQGLFLRQDGR
,QWHUUXSWRUGDLJQLomR5HOpGDYHQWRLQKDGRDUUHIHFLPHQWR
6HQVRUGDSRVLomRGDERUEROHWD9HQWRLQKDGRDUUHIHFLPHQWR
6HQVRUGHYHORFLGDGH9iOYXODGHFRQWUROHGDPDUFKDOHQWD
6HQVRUGDWHPSHUDWXUDGRDU

4XDQGR R VLVWHPD GH DU FRQGLFLRQDGR p DWLYDGR SUHVVLRQDQGR R LQWHUUXSWRU GD
YHQWRLQKD GR DTXHFLPHQWRDU FRQGLFLRQDGR R LQWHUUXSWRU GH DOWD SUHVVmR H R
LQWHUUXSWRUGRIXQFLRQDPHQWRGDHPEUHDJHPGRFRPSUHVVRUGHYHPHVWDUIHFKDGRV
6HDSUHVVmRQRODGRGHDOWDSUHVVmRGRVLVWHPDGHDUFRQGLFLRQDGRH[FHGHRYDORU
HVSHFLILFDGRRFLUFXLWRGHWUDEDOKRGRVLVWHPDGHDUFRQGLFLRQDGRpGHVOLJDGRSHOR
LQWHUUXSWRU GH FRQWUROH GH SUHVVmR GR DU FRQGLFLRQDGR 4XDQGR D SUHVVmR DOFDQoD
XPYDORUPi[LPRRVHJXQGRLQWHUUXSWRUGHSUHVVmRQRLQWHUUXSWRUGHDOWDSUHVVmR
IHFKD R FLUFXLWR GH FRQWUROH GR UHOp GR FRPDQGR HOHWU{QLFR GH DOWD YHORFLGDGH GD
YHQWRLQKDGHIRUPDDDOLPHQWDURPRWRUGDYHQWRLQKDGHDUFRQGLFLRQDGRSHORUHOp
GRFRPDQGRHOHWU{QLFRGHDOWDYHORFLGDGHGDYHQWRLQKD,VWRDXPHQWDDYHORFLGDGH
GDYHQWRLQKDGHDUUHIHFLPHQWR

Interruptor de alta pressão

,17(5583725'($/7$35(66­2




)LFD SRVLFLRQDGR QR WXER GR FRPSUHVVRU DR FRQGHQVDGRU QR FRPSDUWLPHQWR GR
PRWRU HWHPFRPR IXQomRSURWHJHURVLVWHPD GHDUFRQGLFLRQDGRFRQWUDSUHVV}HV
H[FHVVLYDPHQWH DOWDV GHVOLJDQGR R FRPSUHVVRU H WDPEpP OLJDU DV YHQWRLQKDV
GXSODVQDVXDPi[LPDYHORFLGDGH
2 LQWHUUXSWRU GH DOWD SUHVVmR QR FLUFXLWR GD YiOYXOD GH H[SDQVmR GH VHomR IL[D
IXQFLRQDGDPHVPDIRUPDTXHRLQWHUUXSWRUGHFRQWUROHGHSUHVVmRQRFLUFXLWRFRP
YiOYXOD GH H[SDQVmR VHUYH SDUD SURWHJHU D SDUWH GH DOWD SUHVVmR GR FLUFXLWR
UHIULJHUDQWH 6H D SUHVVmR H[FHGHU XP YDORU Pi[LPR 3 GHYLGR DR IOX[R GH DU
DWUDYpVGRFRQGHQVDGRUHVWDUEORTXHDGRRXDSUHVHQoDGHXPDREVWUXomRQRWXER
GH DOWD SUHVVmR SRU H[HPSOR R LQWHUUXSWRU GH DOWD SUHVVmR RX R LQWHUUXSWRU GH
FRQWUROHGRVFLFORVGHVOLJDRFRPSUHVVRU
2FRPSUHVVRUQmRYROWDUiDVHUOLJDGRHQTXDQWRDSUHVVmRQmRFDLUQRYDPHQWHSDUD
3$SUHVVmR3DYHORFLGDGHGDYHQWRLQKDRXGDVYHQWRLQKDVGXSODVDXPHQWD2
PyGXOR GH LQMHomR HOHWU{QLFD TXH FRQWUROD WDPEpP R DU FRQGLFLRQDGR Vy OLJD D
YHQWRLQKDSDUDXPDYHORFLGDGHPDLVEDL[DTXDQGRDSUHVVmRYROWDUDFDLUSDUD3

3EDU
3EDU
3EDU
3EDU

Interruptor de acionamento da embreagem

,17(5583725'($&,21$0(172'$(0%5($*(0
3RVLFLRQDGR QRWRSRGRILOWURVHFDGRUWHPFRPRILQDOLGDGHSURWHJHURHYDSRUDGRU
FRQWUD D FRQJHODomR H SURWHJHU R VLVWHPD GH DU FRQGLFLRQDGR FRQWUD XPD SUHVVmR
H[FHVVLYDPHQWH




2 LQWHUUXSWRU GH DFLRQDPHQWR GD HPEUHDJHP IXQFLRQD FRPR XP LQWHUUXSWRU GH
GHVFRQJHODPHQWRHOLJDHGHVOLJDDHPEUHDJHPGRFRPSUHVVRU
$ SUHVVmR H D WHPSHUDWXUD QR WDQTXH ILOWUR VHFDGRU H QR HYDSRUDGRU VmR DV
PHVPDV6HDSUHVVmRHSRUWDQWRDWHPSHUDWXUDQRWDQTXHILOWURVHFDGRUEDL[DUD
WHPSHUDWXUDQRHYDSRUDGRUDSUR[LPDVHGRSRQWRGHFRQJHODPHQWR2HYDSRUDGRU
WHQGHDFRQJHODUHSHUGHRVHXHIHLWRGHDUUHIHFHGRU2LQWHUUXSWRUGDHPEUHDJHP
GHVOLJD D HPEUHDJHP GR FRPSUHVVRU VH D SUHVVmR EDL[DU SDUD XP YDORU
HVSHFLILFDGR
2FRQWUROHpIHLWRTXDQGRVHDFLRQDR LQWHUUXSWRUGDYHQWRLQKDGRDTXHFLPHQWRDU
FRQGLFLRQDGR D FRUUHQWH GH  YROWV Vy DOFDQoD R LQWHUUXSWRU GR FRPSUHVVRU VH R
LQWHUUXSWRU GD HPEUHDJHP HVWLYHU IHFKDGR 6H D SUHVVmR FDLU DEDL[R GH XP YDORU
PtQLPRRLQWHUUXSWRUDEUHVHHFRUWDDFRUUHQWHSDUDDHPEUHDJHPGRFRPSUHVVRU

Interruptor de modo
,17(5583725'202'2'2$48(&,0(172
&RORFDQGR R LQWHUUXSWRU GR PRGR GH DTXHFLPHQWR QD SRVLomR GHIRVW /LJDVH R
VLVWHPD GH DU FRQGLFLRQDGR RX R LQWHUUXSWRU GD YHQWRLQKD GR DTXHFLPHQWRDU
FRQGLFLRQDGR ,VWR SHUPLWH TXH TXDQGR D XPLGDGH GR DU QR LQWHULRU GR YHLFXOR p
PXLWRHOHYDGDRDUSDUDGHVHPEDoDURVYLGURVpSUHYLDPHQWHVHFR







Sistema de vácuo




 
2V FRPDQGRV GH DTXHFLPHQWRDU FRQGLFLRQDGR UHJXODP D PLVWXUD FRP DU TXHQWH
H[FOXVmRGRDUH[WHULRUHGLVWULEXLomRGRDUDWUDYpVGHYiULDVDEHUWXUDV,VWRID]VH
DEULQGRHIHFKDQGRDGLVWULEXLomRGRDURXWDPSDVFRPDQGDGDVS{UFDERVPRWRUHV
GHFRQWUROHGHYiFXRRXPRWRUHVDFLRQDGRVHOHWULFDPHQWHGHSHQGHQGRGRPRGHOR
GRDUFRQGLFLRQDGRHYHtFXOR
2PRWRUGHFRQWUROHGHYiFXRIXQFLRQDFRPRXPDXQLGDGHGHGLDIUDJPDGHYiFXR
(VWiOLJDGRDRUHVHUYDWyULRGHYiFXRS{UXPWXER6HDSOLFDURYiFXRjFRQH[mRGR
YiFXRGRPRWRUGHFRQWUROHRGLDIUDJPDHDKDVWHTXHHVWiOLJDGDUHWUDHPVH$
WDPSDGHUHFLUFXODomRIL[DGDjH[WHQVmRGDKDVWHDEUHVH



2YiFXRQRUHVHUYDWyULRpSURYHQLHQWHGRYiFXRGRPRWRUQRFROHWRUGHDGPLVVmR
GHSRLVGRDFHOHUDGRUSRUPHLRGHXPWXER
2YiFXRGRUHVHUYDWyULRPDQWpPVHDXPQtYHOFRQVWDQWHS{UXPDYiOYXODLQWHJUDO
GHXPVyVHQWLGRPHVPRTXDQGRRYiFXRGRPRWRUGHVFH