Category Question

Female reproductive system. Which of the following is the true female pelvis?
Female reproductive system. What is the function of the vagina?
Female reproductive system. The hormone responsible for the development of the ovum
Female reproductive system. Which principal factor causes vaginal pH to be acidic?
Female reproductive system. The inanimate bone of the pelvis is not composed of the:
Female reproductive system. Which does not refer to the transverse diameter of the pel
Female reproductive system. Which pelvic shape has the poorest prognosis for vaginal
Female reproductive system. The two pubic bones meet anteriorly at the:
Female reproductive system. The cardinal function of deciduas is
Female reproductive system. The frenulum and prepuce of the clitoris are formed by th
Antepartum When will a pregnant mother generally feel the first mov
Antepartum A pregnant female undergoes aspiration of her amnotic flu
Antepartum The average length of the umbilical cord in human is:
Antepartum According to Diane, her LMP is November 15, 2002, using
Antepartum Demi, a 38 y/o multipara is admitted with a tentative dia
Antepartum Rachel, a diabetic woman at 36 weeks gestation is schedule
Antepartum Diane wants to know how many fetal movements per hour i
Antepartum O2 and Co2 are exchanged in the placenta through the pro
Antepartum Mr. and Mrs. Cremasteric arrive at the clinic for their fir
Antepartum When Umbilical cord is inserted at the edge of the placent
Intrapartum Ripening of the cervix occurs during the:
Intrapartum In what presentation is the head in extreme flexion?
Intrapartum Which of the following factors is the underlying cause of
Intrapartum In face presentation the dominator is
Intrapartum When the fetal head is at the level of the ischial spine, it i
Intrapartum Which is a primary power of labor?
Intrapartum In the second stage of labor, uterine contraction last
Intrapartum The time between uterine contractions is
Intrapartum Because of the position of the fetus, an episiotomy has to
Intrapartum How many stages of labor are there?
Postpartum Postpartum depression occurs during which time frame?
Postpartum Fever, foul lochial discharge and subinvolution of the uteru
Postpartum Erica gave birth to a term baby with yellowish skin and sc
Postpartum Types of lochia
Postpartum Which of the following is the cause of postpartum haemo
Postpartum What is the definition of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH)?
Postpartum The period of puerperium is
Postpartum Which is the first discharge after delivery, Composed of
Postpartum Breast feeding should be initiated with in how many hour
Postpartum Breast feeding should be initiated with in how many hour
Family plannng A woman using diaphragm for contraception should be instru
Family plannng What do male condoms offer that other forms of birth con
Family plannng Besides the condom, which is another barrier method of b
Family plannng Which of these is a possible side effect of birth control pil
Family plannng How long is the vaginal ring left in place?
Family plannng Which of these methods of sterilization is permanent?
Family plannng Which of the following methods of contraception would b
Family plannng Which of the following method has an expected failure rat
Family plannng What is the spontaneous expulsion rate for the IUD during
Family plannng Which of the following is the barrier method of contracep
 Correct Wrong 1 Wrong 2 Wrong 3
Gynaecoid pelvis Android pelvis Anthropoid pelvis Platypelloid pelvis
All of the above. Escape of menstrual f Receiving the penis anExit for the fetus durin
Follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH) Estrogen Progesterone Luteneizing hormone
The action of the doderlein bacillus. Cervical mucus changSecretion of the SkeneSecretion of the barth
Sacrum Ilium Pubis Ischium
Bi-spinous diameter Bi-ischial diameter Bi-tuberous diameter Intertuberous diamete
Android Platypelloid Anthropoid Gynecoid
Symphysis pubis Coccyx Sacrococcygeal Sacro-illiac joint
Maintenance of pregnancy Immune resonse Production of hormo None of the above
Labia minora Fossa Navicularis Mons veneris Labia majora
13 to 20 weeks 2 to 4 weeks 4 to 8 weeks Third trimester
Meconium Jaundice Sepsis Placenta previa
50 cm 35cm 60cm 40cm
August 22, 2003 August 18, 2003 July 22, 2003 February 22, 2003
Leg pain Burning on urination. Abdominal pain. Increased lochial flow.
Determine fetal well being. Ascertain correct gestDetermine fetal lung Determine fetal size
Thrice 3 to 4 times 20 times 10-12 times
Diffusion Pinocytosis Active transport Facilitated diffusion
The sex of the baby is determined by the s Some women are just Nature
m determines whetThe sex of the baby is
Velamentous insertion Central insertion Battledore insertion Lateral insertion
First stage Second stage Third stage Fourth stage
Vertex Sinciput Brow Face
Mechanical Nutritional Environmental Medical
Mentum Scapula Occiput Brow
Station “0” Station –1 Station +1 Station +2
Cterine contractions Pushing of the motherIntrathoracic pressureAbdominal contractio
60 seconds 20 seconds 30 seconds 120 seconds
Interval Intensity Duration Frequency
Heals more faster than laceration It is more difficult to It is more painful than It involve more blood
Three Sixteen Twelve It depends
Within weeks after delivery Within 12 weeks Within 16 weeks Within 24 hours
Puerperal sepsis Puerperal psychosis Postpartum hemorrhaHypertensive disorder
Low serum bilirubin O2 level of 99% Normal RBC and WBC Low platelet count
3 types 2 types 6 types 5 types
All of the above Retained Placenta Coagulapathy Uterine atony
Loss of >500ml of blood from the vagina witLoss of >500ml of blooLoss of >200ml of blooLoss of >200ml of bloo
6 weeks 3 weeks 5 weeks 2 months
Lochia Rubra Lochia serosa Lochia alba None of the above
Half an hour to one hour 4 hours 12 hours 24 hours
1-2 hours 12 hours 24 hours 10 hours
6 hours 1 hour 12 hours 28 hours
All of the above Least chance of failur Best protection againsCheapest to use
Diaphragm Withdrawal IUD Sterilization
All of the above Nausea Irregular bleeding Headaches
3 weeks 1 week 2 weeks 3 months
Vasectomy Oral pills IUD cervcal cap
Which of the following methods of contraceA monophasic combined
A phasic progestogen A
o monophasic progesto
IUD Male Condom DMPA (depot medroxyp spermicide
5% 15% 1% 0.50%
condom Oral pills calendar method vasectomy
 Rationale
In gynaecoid pelvis the pelvis brim is a transverse ellipse(nearly a circle) most fvourable for delivery.
The vagina is the passage which allows the escape of the menstrual flow, receives the penis and ejected sperm during sexual in
Follicle stimulating hormone is released by the hyothalamus of the brain during ovultion.
The vaginal fluid is strongly acid(pH 4.5) due to the presence of lactic acid formed by the action of Doderlein' bacilli on glycoge
The sacrum is the shield shaped bony structure that is located at the back of the pelvis/ consisting of 5 fused vertebrae. The ina
B-Spinous diametre refers to the distance between the tips of the ischial spines.
Android pelvis is smaller and narrower.
When two pubic bones join anteriorly it forms the symphysis pubis.
The decidua is the modified mucosal linning of the uterus known as the endometrium that maintains the pregnancy.
Anteriorly labia minora is split by the clitoris forming the prepuce and the frenulum of the clitoris.
A woman pregnant for the first time typically feels fetal movements at about 18 to 20 weeks, whereas a woman who has been
Fluid that looks green or brown usually means that the baby has passed his first bowel movement (meconium) while in the wo
The length of the average cord is 50cm.This is suffiecient to allow for delivery of the baby without applying any traction to the
Naegle's rule: EDD=LMP+9Months+7 Days
Thrombophlebitis is an inflammatory process that causes a blood clot to form and block one or more veins, usually in your legs
A biophysical profile is a prenatal ultrasound evaluation of fetal well being involving a scoring system with the score being term
3 to 4 fetal movements per hour is normal.
Oxygen and carbondioxide readily diffuses across the placenta from maternal to fetal blood.
Chromosomal sex is determined at the time of fertilization; a chromosome from the sperm cell, either X or Y, fuses with the X c
In velamentous cord insertion, the umbilical cord inserts into the fetal membranes (choriamniotic membranes), then travels wi
Cervical ripening refers to the softenig of the cervix that typially begins prior to the the onset of labor contractions and is neces
Vertex presentation allows well flexed head.
Dystocia is difficult, painful, prolonged labor due to mechanical factors involving the fetus (passenger), uterus (powers), pelvis (
In face preentation the dominator is mentum (chin).
0 station. This is when the baby's head is even with the ischial spines. The baby is said to be "engaged" when the largest part o
The primary power of normal labour is uterine contraction. It puts the baby in position,causes decent, cervical dilation and effa
The second stage can last from 20 minutes to 2 hours. Contractions will last about 60 seconds at intervals of 3-5 minutes of res
The time between contractions includes the length or duration of the contraction and the minutes in between the contractions
Episiotomy include easy repair and improved healing
There are three stages of labour. The first stage is when your cervix is opening and your baby is moving down the birth canal. T
Onset of PPD is typically between one week and one month following childbirth.
Puerperal sepsis is an infection of the genital tract occuring at any time between the onset of rupture of membranes on labour
Phototherapy is the most common treatment for reducing high bilirubin levels that causes jaundice in a newborn.
There are 3 types of lochia- Lochia rubra, Lochia serosa, Lochia alba.
All of the above are potential causes of PPH with uterine atony been the most common. Coagulopathy is a rare cause, accounti
Primary postpartum haemorrhage is defined as a loss of blood >500ml from the vagina within 24 hours of delivery. If the blood
The period of about six weeks after childbirth during which the mother's reproductive organs return to their original non-pregn
Lochia rubra (or cruenta) is the first discharge, Composed of blood, shreds of fetal membranes, decidua, vernix caseosa, lanugo
Breastfeeding should ideally start within Half an hour to one hour after your baby is born. A baby is usually alert after birth and
Initiation of breastfeeding after 1-2 cesarean section is recommended.
The diaphragm may
be inserted up to 6
The
hours advantages
before youof male condom are Least chance of failure, Best protection against STDs and Cheapest to use.
have sex.
Diaphragm It is
must be method which helps prevent pregnancy by blocking sperm from entering the uterus.
a barrier
left in place for at
Nausea, Irregular
least 6 hours afterbleeding, Headaches are the side effects of birth control pills.
the last time you had
sex.
The vaginal ring should be left in the vagina for three weeks. If the ring is accidentally expelled, it can be rinsed with water and
Vasectomy is a surgical procedure for male sterilization or permanent contraception
Progestin-only contraceptives are the preferred choice for breastfeeding mothers when something hormonal is desired or nece
IUD has an expected failure rate if 2 pregnancies in 1000 women during the first year of use.
Spontaneous expulsion rate for the IUD during the first year after placement is 5%
condom prevents live sperm from reaching an ovum.
d ejected sperm during sexual intercourse and provides an exit for the fetus during delivery.

of Doderlein' bacilli on glycogen found in the squamous epithelium of the lining.

ting of 5 fused vertebrae. The inaminate bone consists of ilium, ischium and pubis.

ntains the pregnancy.

whereas a woman who has been pregnant more than once will typically feel movements around 15 to 17 weeks.
ent (meconium) while in the womb.
out applying any traction to the placenta.

more veins, usually in your legs.

stem with the score being termed Manning's score.

, either X or Y, fuses with the X chromosome in the egg cell. The sex of the baby depends on which sperm gets to the egg first
tic membranes), then travels within the membranes to the placenta (between the amnion and the chorion).
f labor contractions and is necessary for cervical dilation and passage of the fetus.

enger), uterus (powers), pelvis (passage), or psyche.

ngaged" when the largest part of the head has entered the pelvis.
decent, cervical dilation and effacement.
at intervals of 3-5 minutes of rest in between.
tes in between the contractions (called the interval).

moving down the birth canal. The second stage is when your baby is being born and the third stage is when the placenta is delivered.

upture of membranes on labour , and the 42nd day postpartum in which fever, foul lochial discharge and subinvolution of the uterus is pres
dice in a newborn.

opathy is a rare cause, accounting around 1% of PPH.

24 hours of delivery. If the blood loss is between 500-1000ml it is defined as a minor PPH. If the blood loss is more than 1000ml it is defined
eturn to their original non-pregnant condition.
decidua, vernix caseosa, lanugo and membranes. It is red in color because of the large amount of blood it contains. It typically lasts no lon
by is usually alert after birth and will spontaneously seek the breast if left undisturbed in skin-to-skin contact with their mother's body.

heapest to use.
g the uterus.
 it can be rinsed with water and should be put back in immediately.

hing hormonal is desired or necessary.

gets to the egg first

n the placenta is delivered.

ubinvolution of the uterus is present.

is more than 1000ml it is defined as a major PPH.

contains. It typically lasts no longer than 3 to 5 days after birth.

act with their mother's body.
Category Question Correct Wrong 1
Female reproductiWhich of the following is the true femaGynaecoid pelvis Android pelvis
Female reproductiWhat is the function of the vagina? All of the above. Escape of menstrual f
Female reproductiThe hormone responsible for the develFollicle Stimulat Estrogen
Female reproductiWhich principal factor causes vaginal p The action of the doderlein
Cervical mucus
bacillus.
chan
Female reproductiThe inanimate bone of the pelvis is no Sacrum Ilium
Female reproductiWhich does not refer to the transverse Bi-spinous diametBi-ischial diameter
Female reproductiWhich pelvic shape has the poorest progAndroid Platypelloid
Female reproductiThe two pubic bones meet anteriorly atSymphysis pubis Coccyx
Female reproductiThe cardinal function of deciduas is Maintenance of pImmune resonse
Female reproductiThe frenulum and prepuce of the clitorLabia minora Fossa Navicularis
During which of the following phase of Secretory
t phase Ischemic phase
The uterus is a hollow, muscular and Pear–shaped orgaAlmond –shaped org
The cervix projects into the vagina & is Two portions Three portions
…………….is the mucos coat of the uteruThe endometriumThe myometrium
The clitoris: corresponding to the ………Penis Prostate
The hormone responsible for the maturati Follicle stimulati Progesterone
The lower uterine segment is formed f Isthmus and cerviCervix
Female sex organs that produce ova or Ovary Testes
The tiny female sex cell that unites wit Ovum Ovary
This connects the ovary to the uterus. Fallopian tube Vagina
A sac-shaped like an upside-down pear with a thick lining and muscles in the pelvic area where a fertilize
The shedding of the lining of the uter Menstruation. Amniotic fluid
The opening to the uterus. Internal os External os
Also called the mammary gland, two ofBreast Lungs
When menstruation ends in middle ageMenopause Gestation
Also called the birth canal, this is a m Vagina Uterus
The fleshy outer part of the female repVulva Uterus
On which day of the menstrual cycle does ovulation typically
14 take place? 1
The maternal part of the placenta froms from:
The decidua The myometrium
Thecal cells produce: Androgens FSH
Parts of the female reproductive organsThe function of thThe function of the c
The following are the internal organs o The vagina and cerThe vagina and append
The membranous walls of the vagina tha Rugae. Vestibule.
The oocyte is enclosed by a membraneThe zona pellucid The trigone
Eggs are produced in the ovaries gametes
The time in a woman’s life when menstrLate 50s Early 20s
Where in the female reproductive systeOvaries Fallopian tube
This usually occurs between days 13 anOvulation Shedding of the lining
Fertilisation takes place in the fallopian tube cervix
After fertilisation the zygote increases in size and travels down the Fallopian tube to become embedded
This process is known as implantation conception
Which of the following ligaments anchor suspensory ovarian
Which of the following ligaments assistround ovarian
The __________ ligament anchors the ov ovarian suspensory
Successful fertilization of the egg normaampulla of the ut ovaries
After an egg is fertilized, it will impl endometrium myometrium
During menstruation a portion of the en stratum functionalstratum basalis
Each breast consists of __________. 15-20 mammary gover 20 mammary gl
When the myoepithelial cells contract, oxytocin estrogen
Which of the following hormones is in progesterone prolactin
After an egg is ovulated, the remaining corpus luteum theca folliculi
Progesterone is secreted by Corpus luteum Thyroid
Endometrium is the linning of the Uterus Cervix
What is the inner lining of the uterus c Endometrium Fimbriae
Which one of the followings secretes Anterior pituitary Adrenal
The secretory phase in the human menstr Luteal phase and lLuteal phase and last
Where do the female gonads (paired ova Pelvic cavity Thoracic cavity
Ovary/ovaries Testes/testicles
These are the major female sex organs Menopause
When menstruation ends in middle age Gestation
A sac-shaped like an upside-down pearUterus
w Cervix
This connects the ovary to the uterus. Fallopian tube Vagina
Also called the birth canal, this is a m Vagina Cervix
Myometrium' is middle layer of the Uterus Theca lutein
In human female, number of ovaries is; 2 1
What are the three main layers of the uPerimetrium, en Endometrium, function
The secretory phase follows which phasproliferative luteal
What happens to the egg if it is not fertIt will wait in the It will die.
Which hormone(s) travels to the uterusestrogen and pro progesterone
Secrete a mucus-based lubricant during sexual arousal
The purpose of the vestibular glands is Secrete a lubricant to
An individual with Down syndrome ends 47 46
The sex of a new individual is determinAt the moment ofAt f the moment of imp
The structures that draw an ovulated eFimbriae Chorionic villi
Human eggs and sperm are similar in thThey have the sa They have same life s
"Hot flashes," osteoporosis, and increasMenopause Menarche
The usual site of embryo implantation iUterus Fallopian tube
The sex of a child is determined by: The sex chromosoThe sex chromosome c
The embryo is directly enclosed in and protected by
Amnion Chorion
Female gonads are the Ovaries Ovum
Meiosis results in _____________ Four nonidentical Two nonidentical hapl
The basic difference between spermato1 mature ovum is 2 mature ovum is pro
The organ that makes estrogen and pr ovary Uterus
The primary function of the uterus is t receive, retain an regulate the ovarian
Which part of ovary in mammals acts asGraafian follicle Vitelline membrane
Foetal ejection reflex in human female Fully developed f Release of oxytocin f
Sertoli cells are found in Seminiferous tubulPancreas and secrete
The signals for parturition originate fr Placenta as well aOxytocin released fro
The internal reproductive organs are: Ovaries, fallopian Ovaries, fallopian tube
what is the process of releasing of eggsovulation Fertilization
The other name of uterus is? Womb Bag
Which part of the feemale reproductiveLabia majora Labia minora
Which part of the feemale reproductiveLabia minora Labia majora
Which is the canal that joins the lower Vagina Cervix
Birth canal is also known as: Vagina Cervix
What is the average duration of the me28 days 30 days
Which phase of the menstrual cycle begi Luteal Phase Follicular Phase
What day of a typical 28-day menstrual14 4
The egg can be fertilized until about __24 hours 6 hours
The hormone responsible for the maturat Follicle stimulati Luteinizing hormone
The uterine tubes are measured abou 7 to 12 cm 2 to 5 cm
Discoloration of the anterior vaginal Chadwick’s sign Osiander’s sign
Which is the most common type of fema Gynaecoid Anthropoid
The right ovarian vein empties into whiVena cava Renal vein
When teaching a group of adolescents Proliferative
about variations
phase
in the length of the menstrual cycle, the nurse u
Menstrual phase
When performing a pelvic examination, the nurse observes a red swollen area on the right side of the va
Bartholin’s gland Skene’s gland
When teaching a group of adolescents Proliferative
ab phas Menstrual phase
Amenorrhoes is … Absence of meontFrequent urination
Which stage of the menstrual cycle rema Secretaory/LutealProliferation/Follicula
Progesterone Oestrogen
Which hormone causes the maturationFSH o Oestrogen
 Wrong 2 Wrong 3
Anthropoid pelvis Platypelloid pelvi
Receiving the penis andExit for the fetus
Progesterone Luteneizing horm
Secretion of the Skene’sSecretion of the
Pubis Ischium
Bi-tuberous diameter Intertuberous di
Anthropoid Gynecoid
Sacrococcygeal Sacro-illiac joint
Production of hormoneNone of the abov
Mons veneris Labia majora
Menstrual phase Proliferative pha
Orange –shaped organ.Circle – shaped o
Four portions One portion
The perimetrium Endocardium
Testes Vas deference
Estrogen Luteinizing horm
Body of the uterus Isthmus
Uterus Isthmus
Graafian follicle Gonad
Cervix Ovary
scles in the pelvic area where a fertilized egg or zygote comes to grow into a baby. Also called the womb.
Mucosal discharge. Urine
Lateral os Posterior os
Sternum Heart
Implantation Pregnancy.
Fallopian tube Ovary.
Ovary Cervix
22 28
The accreta The perimetrium
Progesterone Prolactin
The function of the digeThe function of t
The vagina and cervix, uThe vagina and ce
Fornix. Mons.
The perineum. The pellucida.
kidneys Vas deference
Teens Mid 40s
Uterus Vagina
The lining of the uterusThe lining of the
vagina uterus
ovulation menstruation
round Uterine
suspensory Uterine
round uterine
uterus cervix
perimetrium peritonium
stratum epidermalis mesoderm
1 mammary gland 2 mammary glan
progesterone HCG
oxytocin HCG
vesicular follicle proliferative folli
Thymus Testes
Fallopian tube Ovaries
Oviduct Cervix
Posterior pituitary Thyroid
Follicular phase and lasts for about 13 days
Follicular phase lasting
Abdominal cavity Scrotal sacs
Gametes Uterus
Implantation Menarche
Vagina Ovaries
Cervix Fundus
Fallopian tube Ovaries
Serosa Uterine tube
million 5
Myometrium, basilar zoMyometrium, end
follicular ovulation
It will wait in the uteru It continues to se
estrogen FSH and LH
Keep the pubic area moProduce pheromon
48 49
3 months 1 month
Fallopian tube Isthmus
They are same in size. They have same ha
Pregnancy Labour
Cervix Isthmus
The sex chromosome cont The sex chromosom
Amniotic fluid Chorionic villi
Uterus Pubis
Three nonidentical haploFive nonidentical
1 mature ovum is produ2 mature ovum is
Pituitary gland Hypothalamus
synthesize female hormprotect the ovari
Germinal epithelium Stroma
Pressure exerted by amn Differentiation
Ovaries and secrete pr Pancreas and secr
Placenta only Fully developed f
Ovaries, fallopian tubesOvaries, fallopia
Embedding Production
Pouch Abdomen
Mons pubis Vagina
Mons pubis Vagina
Labia minora Labia majora
Uterus Ovary
31 days 27 days
Ovulatory Phase Menstruation
6 22
72 hours 1 week
Estrogen Progesterone
1 to 2 cm 12 to 18 cm
Goodless sign Humans signs
Android Platypelloid
Internal iliac vein External iliac vein
Secretory phase Ischemic phase
Parotid gland Clitoris
Secretory phase Ischemic phase
Softening of the cervix menstruation
Menstruation ovulation
LH Androgen
LH Androgen
 Rationale
In gynaecoid pelvis the pelvis brim is a transverse ellipse(nearly a circle) most fvourable for delivery.
The vagina is the passage which allows the escape of the menstrual flow, receives the penis and ejected sperm during sexu
Follicle stimulating hormone is released by the hyothalamus of the brain during ovultion.
The vaginal fluid is strongly acid(pH 4.5) due to the presence of lactic acid formed by the action of Doderlein' bacilli on glyc
The sacrum is the shield shaped bony structure that is located at the back of the pelvis/ consisting of 5 fused vertebrae. Th
B-Spinous diametre refers to the distance between the tips of the ischial spines.
Android pelvis is smaller and narrower.
When two pubic bones join anteriorly it forms the symphysis pubis.
The decidua is the modified mucosal linning of the uterus known as the endometrium that maintains the pregnancy.
Anteriorly labia minora is split by the clitoris forming the prepuce and the frenulum of the clitoris.
The secretory phase of the cycle is the only time when a fertilized egg can implant in the lining.
The uterus , also called the womb, is a hollow, pear-shaped organ located in a woman's lower abdomen, between the bladd
The cervix is divided by its relation to the surrounding vaginal wall into two segments: an upper supravaginal portion, whic
The endometrium is the innermost lining mucous layer of the uterus, and functions to prevent adhesions between the opp
The clitoris is an erectile structure, homologous to the male penis
The hormone that stimulates the maturation if the of the graafian follicle is the Follicle Stimulating Hormone which is relea
It enlarges during pregnancy to form the lower uterine segment. The internal os is the narrow opening between the isthmu
The ovaries produce the female egg cells, called the ova or oocytes.
The female has two oval shaped ovaries located in the pelvis above the uterus. They are the major female sex organs and p
At the upper corners of the uterus, the fallopian tubes connect the uterus to the ovaries.
egg or zygote comes to grow into a baby. Also called the womb.
If the ovum hasn't been fertilized by a sperm it settles into the uterus lining. The lining is shed along with some blood aroun
The opening into the uterus is called the internal os, and the opening into the vagina is called the external os.
Either of the two soft, protruding organs on the upper front of a woman's body which secrete milk after childbirth, called B
The stopping of menstruation is called menopause. The average age for menopause is 51 years old, but some women will h
Vagina also called the birth canal, it is a muscular passageway from the cervix to the outside of the female's body in the low
The vulva is the area of female sex organs that lies outside of the vagina. These organs include folds of sensitive tissue calle
Ovulation usually occurs between 12 and 14 days before your period starts (Fehring et al 2006). This is an average, so it cou
The maternal placenta (Decidua basalis) develops from the maternal uterine tissue.
Thecal cells are not capable of producing estrogen but do produce androgens in response to LH, which are then converted
The female urogenital tract consists of all the organs involved in reproduction and the formation and release of urine. It inc
The internal genitalia are those organs that are within the true pelvis. These include the vagina, uterus, cervix, uterine tube
The walls of the vagina are lined with an outer, fibrous adventitia; a middle layer of smooth muscle; and an inner mucous m
vagina also called the birth canal, it is a muscular passageway from the cervix to the outside of the female's body in the low
The ovaries produce the female egg cells, called the ova or oocytes.
The menopause is a natural part of ageing that usually occurs between 45 and 55 years of age, as a woman's oestrogen lev
The female has two oval shaped ovaries located in the pelvis above the uterus. They are the major female sex organs and p
Ovulation happens about 14 days before your period starts. If your average menstrual cycle is 28 days, you ovulate around
Fertilization usually takes place in a fallopian tube that links an ovary to the uterus.
implantation is the attachment of the fertilized egg or blastocyst to the wall of the uterus at the start of pregnancy.
The Suspensory Ligament of the ovary is composed of the peritoneal fold extending from the ovary to the lateral pelvic wa
The round ligament of the uterus helps to hold the uterus in an anteverted position superior to the bladder.
The ovarian ligament (also called the utero-ovarian ligament or proper ovarian ligament) is a fibrous ligament that connects
The fertilization of the egg usually happens in the ampulla part of the fallopian tube.
implantation is the stage of pregnancy at which the embryo adheres to the wall of the uterus called endometrium.
The stratum functionalis is a thick superficial layer that is sloughed off during menstruation and grows anew during each cy
Humans normally have two complex mammary glands, one in each breast, and each complex mammary gland consists of 1
The nerve stimulus induces the release of the hormone oxytocin, which causes the myoepithelial cells surrounding the milk
Female hormones such as oestrogen and progesterone are important in promoting growth and changes that occur in the b
After the egg leaves the ovary, the walls of the follicle again close, and the space that was occupied by the egg begins to fill
The corpus luteum secretes progesterone, which is a steroid hormone responsible for the decidualization of the endometri
The endometrium changes throughout the menstrual cycle in response to hormones. During the first part of the cycle, the
The endometrium is the inner epithelial layer, along with its mucous membrane, of the mammalian uterus.
Gonadotropins like LH and FSH are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
The secretory phase in the human menstrual cycle is also called luteal phase and lasts for about 13 days. During secretary p
The ovaries lie within the pelvic cavity, on either side of the uterus, to which they are attached via a fibrous cord called the
The ovaries produce the female egg cells, called the ova or oocytes.
The stopping of menstruation is called menopause. The average age for menopause is 51 years old, but some women will h
Uterus is a sac shaped like an upside down pear with a thick lining and muscles in the pelvic area where a fertilized egg or z
At the upper corners of the uterus, the fallopian tubes connect the uterus to the ovaries.
Vagina also called the birth canal, it is a muscular passageway from the cervix to the outside of the female's body in the low
The myometrium is located between the endometrium (the inner layer of the uterine wall), and the serosa or perimetrium
Human females are typically born with two ovaries stemming from the uterus.
The uterus has three layers, which together form the uterine wall. From innermost to outermost, these layers are the endo
The secretory phase of the uterine cycle follows the proliferative phase.
After the egg is released, it moves into the fallopian tube where it stays for about 24 to 48 hours. If the egg is not fertilized
Throughout the entire follicular phase, rising estrogen levels in the blood stimulate growth of the endometrium and myom
The Bartholin's glands (also called Bartholin glands or greater vestibular glands) are two pea sized compound racemose gla
"mosaic Down syndrome" may occur when an error in cell division happens after fertilization. These individuals have some
Chromosomal sex is determined at the time of fertilization; a chromosome from the sperm cell, either X or Y, fuses with the
As the egg is released (a process called ovulation), it is captured by finger-like projections on the end of the fallopian tubes
In a human egg or sperm, there are 23 chromosomes, one of which is an X or Y.
Presence of hot flashes during menopause causes woman's risk for certain conditions, such as breast cancer, heart disease
In humans, implantation is the stage of pregnancy at which the embryo adheres to the wall of the uterus.
In the XY sex-determination system, the female-provided ovum contributes an X chromosome and the male-provided sperm
The embryo is directly enclosed in and protected by the amnion.
The female gonad, the ovary or "egg sac", is one of a pair of reproductive glands in women. They are located in the pelvis,
The end result of meiosis is haploid daughter cells with chromosomal combinations different from those originally present
The basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that: one mature ovum is produced in oogenesis, and four
The organ that makes estrogen and progesterone is the: ovary
Functions of the uterus include nurturing the fertilized ovum that develops into the fetus and holding it till the baby is matu
During ovulation, the mature follicle or Graafian follicle bursts and the ovum is released.This is named as Corpus luteum wh
Foetal ejection reflex in human female is induced by fully developed foetus and placenta. When a woman is in a lithotomy
It is specifically located in the convoluted seminiferous tubules (since this is the only place in the testes where the spermat
The signals for parturition originate from the fully developed fetus and the placenta which induce mild uterine contraction
The internal reproductive organs are the (1) ovaries, (2) fallopian tubes, (3) uterus, and (4) vagina.
Ovulation is the release of eggs from the ovaries. In humans, this event occurs when the ovarian follicles rupture and relea
The uterus, also called the womb, is the organ that contains and nourishes the embryo and fetus from the time the fertilize
Translated as "large lips," the labia majora are relatively large and fleshy, and are comparable to the scrotum in males.
Translated as "small lips," the labia minora can be very small or up to 2 inches wide.
Vagina is the canal that joins the lower part of the uterus to the outside of the body.
The vagina is a canal that joins the cervix (the lower part of uterus) to the outside of the body. It also is known as the birth
The average menstrual cycle takes about 28 days and occurs in phases: the follicular phase, the ovulatory phase (ovulation)
The luteal phase of the menstrual cycle begins right after ovulation
On average, a woman's cycle normally is between 28-32 days,Ovulation can be calculated by starting with the first day of th
After the egg is released, it moves into the fallopian tube. It stays there for about 24 hours, waiting for a single sperm to fer
The hormone that stimulates the maturation if the of the graafian follicle is the Follicle Stimulating Hormone which is relea
The fallopian tubes are bilateral muscular structures of paramesonephric duct origin. They are from 7 to 12 cm in length an
Chadwick sign is a bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia resulting from increased blood flow. It can be observe
A gynecoid pelvis is oval at the inlet, has a generous capacity and wide subpubic arch. This is the classical female pelvis. Pe
The right ovarian vein drains into the inferior vena cava.
Variations in the length of the menstrual cycle are due to variations in the proliferative phase. The menstrual, secretory and
Bartholin’s glands are the glands on either side of the vaginal orifice. The clitoris is female erectile tissue found in the perin
Variations in the length of the menstrual cycle are due to variations in the proliferative phase. The menstrual, secretory and
Amenorrhea is the absence of a menstrual period in a woman of reproductive age. Physiological states of amenorrhoea are
The menstrual cycle is typically most irregular around the extremes of reproductive life (menarche and menopause) due to
The corpus luteum is essential for establishing and maintaining pregnancy in females. The corpus luteum secretes progeste
FSH stimulates the growth and maturation of immature oocytes into mature (Graafian) follicles before ovulation.
 and ejected sperm during sexual intercourse and provides an exit for the fetus during delivery.

tion of Doderlein' bacilli on glycogen found in the squamous epithelium of the lining.
sisting of 5 fused vertebrae. The inaminate bone consists of ilium, ischium and pubis.

maintains the pregnancy.

er abdomen, between the bladder and the rectum.

pper supravaginal portion, which is attached to the surrounding tissue, and a lower, free segment, the vaginal portion.
nt adhesions between the opposed walls of the myometrium, thereby maintaining the patency of the uterine cavity.

ulating Hormone which is released by the anterior pituitary gland.

w opening between the isthmus and the cervix.

major female sex organs and produce ova or eggs. Each ovary contains thousands of ova. The tiny female sex cell that unites with a ma

ed along with some blood around once a month in a process called menstruation.
d the external os.
te milk after childbirth, called Breast.
ars old, but some women will have it a year or two earlier, and some will have it a year or two later. Early menopause is possible, and c
of the female's body in the lower pelvic area.
de folds of sensitive tissue called the labia (labia means "lips"). The labia has two parts. The outermost folds are called the labia majora
06). This is an average, so it could be a couple of days earlier or later. For example, say you have a regular 28-day menstrual cycle.

LH, which are then converted into estrogen by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)-induced aromatase in the neighboring granulosa cel
ation and release of urine. It includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, and the organs of reproduction – uterus, ovaries, fallopian t
ina, uterus, cervix, uterine tubes (oviducts or fallopian tubes), and ovaries.
muscle; and an inner mucous membrane with transverse folds called rugae.
of the female's body in the lower pelvic area.

ge, as a woman's oestrogen levels decline.

major female sex organs and produce ova or eggs. Each ovary contains thousands of ova.
is 28 days, you ovulate around day 14.

the start of pregnancy.

e ovary to the lateral pelvic wall.
r to the bladder.
fibrous ligament that connects the ovary to the lateral surface of the uterus.

s called endometrium.
and grows anew during each cycle.
ex mammary gland consists of 15–20 simple glands.
helial cells surrounding the milk-producing alveoli to contract, thus forcing the milk from the alveoli into the ducts.
and changes that occur in the breast, especially during pregnancy and the menstrual cycle.
ccupied by the egg begins to fill with new cells known as the corpus luteum
ecidualization of the endometrium (its development) and maintenance, respectively.
g the first part of the cycle, the hormone estrogen is made by the ovaries. Estrogen causes the lining to grow and thicken to prepare the
mmalian uterus.

out 13 days. During secretary phase, the endometrium prepares for the implantation of an embryo and the corpus luteum is active and
ed via a fibrous cord called the ovarian ligament.

ars old, but some women will have it a year or two earlier, and some will have it a year or two later. Early menopause is possible, and c
area where a fertilized egg or zygote comes to grow into a baby. Also called the womb.

of the female's body in the lower pelvic area.

and the serosa or perimetrium (the outer uterine layer).

most, these layers are the endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium.

ours. If the egg is not fertilized during that time, the egg disintegrates (breaks down) and menstruation (your period) begins 2 weeks lat
of the endometrium and myometrium of the uterus. This also causes endometrial cells to produce receptors for progesterone, which he
sized compound racemose glands located slightly posterior and to the left and right of the opening of the vagina. They secrete mucus
n. These individuals have some cells with an extra chromosome #21 (47 chromosomes total)
cell, either X or Y, fuses with the X chromosome in the egg cell.
the end of the fallopian tubes (fimbriae). The fimbriae sweep the egg into the tube.

as breast cancer, heart disease, osteoporosis, and thyroid problems.

of the uterus.
me and the male-provided sperm contributes either an X chromosome or a Y chromosome, resulting in female (XX) or male (XY) offsprin

They are located in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus. Each ovary is about the size and shape of an almond. The ovaries have tw
t from those originally present in the parent.
roduced in oogenesis, and four mature sperm are produced in spermatogenesis.

d holding it till the baby is mature enough for birth.

is named as Corpus luteum which serves as a temporary endocrine gland by releasing progesterone and estrogen.
hen a woman is in a lithotomy or semi-sitting position, the Foetal Ejection Reflux is impaired and the increased pain caused by the sacr
n the testes where the spermatozoa are produced). They maintain nutrition of germ cells
nduce mild uterine contractions called foetal ejection reflex.

arian follicles rupture and release the secondary oocyte ovarian cells.
fetus from the time the fertilized egg is implanted to the time of birth
e to the scrotum in males.

dy. It also is known as the birth canal.

the ovulatory phase (ovulation), and the luteal phase.

y starting with the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP) or by calculating 14 days from the next expected period.
waiting for a single sperm to fertilize it.
ulating Hormone which is released by the anterior pituitary gland.
re from 7 to 12 cm in length and usually less than 1 cm in diameter.
ed blood flow. It can be observed as early as 6 to 8 weeks after conception, and its presence is an early sign of pregnancy
s the classical female pelvis. Pelvic brim is a transverse ellipse (nearly a circle) Most favorable for delivery.The gynecoid pelvis (sometime

e. The menstrual, secretory and ischemic phases do not contribute to this variation.
rectile tissue found in the perineal area above the urethra. The parotid glands are open into the mouth. Skene’s glands open into the po
e. The menstrual, secretory and ischemic phases do not contribute to this variation.
gical states of amenorrhoea are seen, most commonly, during pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding), the latter also forming the basis
narche and menopause) due to anovulation and inadequate follicular development (5-7). The luteal phase of the cycle is relatively cons
orpus luteum secretes progesterone, which is a steroid hormone responsible for the decidualization of the endometrium (its developm
les before ovulation.
nal portion.

sex cell that unites with a male sperm to form a fertilized egg.

menopause is possible, and can happen in a woman's mid-to-early 40s.

ds are called the labia majora.

8-day menstrual cycle.

he neighboring granulosa cells of selected growing follicles.

– uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes and vagina.
 w and thicken to prepare the uterus for pregnancy.

e corpus luteum is active and secretes progesterone hormone.

menopause is possible, and can happen in a woman's mid-to-early 40s.

ur period) begins 2 weeks later.

s for progesterone, which helps prime the endometrium to the late proliferative phase and the luteal phase.
vagina. They secrete mucus to lubricate the vagina

ale (XX) or male (XY) offspring, respectively. Hormone levels in the male parent affect the sex ratio of sperm in humans.

almond. The ovaries have two functions: they produce eggs (ova) and female hormones.

ased pain caused by the sacrum's inability to move as teh baby descends can be intolerable.

cted period.
n of pregnancy
he gynecoid pelvis (sometimes called a “true female pelvis”) is found in about 50% of the women

ene’s glands open into the posterior wall of the female urinary meatus.

latter also forming the basis of a form of contraception known as the lactational amenorrhoea method.
of the cycle is relatively constant in all women, with a duration of 14 days.
endometrium (its development) and maintenance, respectively
m in humans.
Category Question Correct Wrong 1 Wrong 2
Antepartum When will a pregnant moth 13 to 20 weeks 2 to 4 weeks 4 to 8 weeks
Antepartum A pregnant female undergoe Meconium Jaundice Sepsis
Antepartum The average length of the 50 cm 35cm 60cm
Antepartum According to Diane, her L August 22, 2003 August 18, 2003 July 22, 2003
Antepartum Demi, a 38 y/o multipara iLeg pain Burning on urinationAbdominal pain.
Antepartum Rachel, a diabetic woman D a etermine fetal weAscertain correct geDetermine fetal lu
Antepartum Diane wants to know howThrice
m 3 to 4 times 20 times
Antepartum O2 and Co2 are exchangedDiffusion Pinocytosis Active transport
Antepartum Mr. and Mrs. Cremasteric ar The sex of the babSome women are just Nature determines
Antepartum When Umbilical cord is insVelamentous inserCentral insertion Battledore insertio
How many trimisters does3 trimisters 1 trimister 2 trimisters
How many months is 27 wfive months and f five months pregnanfive months and t
Stages of Development of egg,blastocyst,embegg,embryo,blastocyblastocyst,egg,emb
The normal range of foetal heart rates is:
120 to 160 beats 80 to 100 beats per 170 to 190 beats p
The ideal sleeping positi On their left side On their right side On their front
During the process of fert Polyspermy block Hardening of coronaHardening of zona
Which of the following sh All of these. Being under 20 and Not having adequat
Which of the following is Amniocentesis. Medical genetic couEpisiotomy.
Which of the following is sChorionic villi samEndoscopy. Vernix caseosa.
Good parenting begins with All of these. Having adequate preHaving proper, ade
organogenesis is complete8 weeks after ovul2 weeks after ovulat4 weeks after ovula
Braxton-Hicks refers to contractions a urine pregnancy tea blood pregnancy
The hormone responsible Human
fo Chorionic Estrogen Progesterone
Which of the following is (+) ultrasound Fetal movement feltEnlargement of the
What event occurring in t Quickening Lightening Ballotment
The expected weight gain 1i -2 pounds per we3-4 pounds per wee5-6 pounds per we
The following are ways of Naegele’s rule Batholomew’s rule oQuickening
Kegel’s exercise is done in Strengthen the pelRelieve backache Prevent leg varico
Pelvic rocking is an appr Backache Orthostatic hypotenLeg cramps
The nursing intervention tDry carbohydrate fLow sodium diet Intravenous infusi
The common normal site of Upper uterine porMid-uterine area Lower uterine seg
When a pregnant woman Let expthe woman lie Let the woman walkAllow the woman t
Prostaglandin and oxytocin
To prevent preterm labor fMagnesium sulfate and terbutaline Progesterone and
On the first pregnancy of the Rh(-) mother, the fetus will not be affected
Which of the following is The condition can ocEvery pregnancy of
Which of the following are the functions of amniotic fluid? 1.Cushions the fetus from abdominal trauma 2.S
All of the above 1, 2, 3 1, 3, 4
The nursing measure to relPut the mother onPlace the mother onPlace mother on a
Hydatidiform mole l
Upon assessment the nurse Missed abortion Pelvic inflammator
You performed the leopold' Right upper quadr Left upper quadrantRight lower quadra
If the LMP is Jan. 30, the Nov. 6 Oct. 7 Oct. 24
In which of the following Rubella Gonorrhea Candidiasis
Shoes with low, broad heelBackache Vertigo Leg cramps
Which of the following sigPassage of clear v Slight bleeding Absence of fetal h
Fetal heart activity can beweek 7 week 4 week 5
Decidual cells (E3) produced?
Are the specialise Are specialsed cells Form the inner cell
where is estriol
Placenta only Fetus and placenta Fetus and corpus
how many days after ferti 5 to 6 days 2 to 4 days 7 to 8 days
during pregnancy the GFRIncreases Decreases Remains stable
progesterone receptor anta misscariage ectopic pregnancy infertility
For first trimester diagno CVS B Serum Alpha fetoprotein
Which vaccination is not sMMR Diphtheria Rabies
Fetal fibronectin It is produced by Is a liposaccharide Normally found in
An iron supplement is presc
Orange milk
juicethe telephone water
A registered nurse reaches to answer on a busy pediatric unit, momentarily turning away fro
Malpractice Assault Batter
Beri beri is caused by the Vitamin B1 Vitamin B2 Vitamin B3
Infection that occurs dur Herpes Simplex Tuberculosis Human papilloma v
The mother may have physiologic anemia
The due
mother
to the
may
increased
have a problem
need forofred
digestio
blood
The main reason for an exp The mother may suff
What is the most IMPORTAN An L/S ratio of 2:1 The presence of wellThe presence of Ig
A woman in her third trimSleep with head prEat the evening mealTake sodium bicarb
Ballottement Passive fetal movedeep violet coloratioSoftening of the ce
Braxton Hicks contractionsPainless uterine coPassive fetal moveme painfull dark red v
Chadwick's sign deep violet coloratFirst recognised mo Softening of the ce
Goodell's sign Softening of the cepainfull dark red va Painless uterine co
Quickening First recognised mSoftening of the cerPassive fetal movem
Hegar's sign Softening of the isdeep violet coloratiopainless bright red
Placenta previa painless bright redpainfull dark red va Softening of the ce
Abruptio placenta painfull dark red v Softening of the ist deep violet colorat
Which of the following is Abruptio placenta Placenta previa Incompetent cervi
The client istells
A woman seentheinnurse
the prenatal clinicOct-21 Dec-27 sickness. Which
and complains of morning Sep-27self care measures will the
To eat red,
Bright a drypainless
crackeTo eat eggs
Concealed
vaginal forexternal
breaTo dark
bleeding
or eat fatty or spi
red bleeding
Which of the following wou Palpable fetal outl
When taking an obstetricalG4 T1 P1 A1 L2 G3 T1 P1 A0 L2 G3 T2 P0 A0 L2
The hormone responsible Human fo chorionic Progesterone Estrogen
Before birth, which
To differentiate as a of the Foramen
female, ovale stimulation
the hormonal Umbilical vein Ductus
of the embryo arteriosus
that must occur involves which of the
Secretion of estro Secretion of androgDecrease in matern
A pregnant client states t Relaxation of the pExcessive weight gaiPressure on the pe
Which of the following woul Edema of the handEdema of the feet a Weight gain of 1 lb/week
Which of the
Heartburn andfollowing wou
flatulence, The
commontest was perfoThe
in the secondtest was perform
trimester, The urine
are most likelysample w of which of the follow
the result
Decreased gastric aIncreased plasma HCDecreased intestina
Which of the following preRubella titer less Hematocrit 33.5% White blood cells 8,000/mm3
During which of the followFirst trimeste Prepregnant period Second trimester
FHR can be auscultated wit20 weeks gestation15 weeks gestation 10 weeks gestation
Cervical softening and uterProbable signs Diagnostic signs Presumptive signs
Betina 30 weeks AOG dischIwill have to rem INeed am happy to note I am
to be modified afraid
in any wayI by
migh
either partner
Nurse Geli explains to the Should be restricte Is permitted if pen
Mrs. Jimenez went to the 25-35 lbs
Frequency 20-30 lbs 30- 40 lbs
Incontinence
Which of the following ur Dysuria
Nasal stuffiness
Which of the following
Which of the following refersdaBlurred
Chromosomevision Breast
to the single cell that reproduces itself tenderness
after conception?
Blastocyst Zygote
When developing a plan ofDietary intake Medication Exercise
Which of the following co Ambivalence, fear,Anxiety, passivity, e Awkwardness, clum
Multiple gestation
Severe nausea andUterine
Loss
vomiting anomalies
of appetite toAbdominal
leadingand electrolyte,trauma
continuous vomiting
metabolic,that
andcommonly
nutritionalresul
imb
Which of the following st Severe anemia lead
On which
Which of the
of the followingCheeks,
following forehead,
would the nurse Breast,
identify as aareola, and Chest,
presumptive neck,
sign of arms,
pregnancy?
Nausea and vomitiHegar sign Skin pigmentation
When talking with a pregna Pressure on blood Pregnancy-induced Thrombophlebitis
A primigravida
The clientisatreviewing
nurse in charge a Physician who willprenatal
a patient’s Chaplainhistory.
in caseWhich
theHead of the
finding hospit a genetic risk factor?
indicates
The uterus has already risen Theout
patient
of thehas a ch
pelvis The
andpatient is 25 yeaThe
is experiencing patient
farther intowas
theexabdominal area at about t
18th week of preg12th week of pregn 10th week of preg
When preparing to listen tDoppler placed mid Stethoscope placed Fetoscope placed
During a antenatal class, Facilitate relaxati Reduce the risk of f Eliminate pain so
Which of the following wou Pain Anticipatory GrievinKnowledge Deficit
A client at 8 weeks’ gesta Taking 1 teaspoon Eating a few low-sodAvoiding the felt
Fetal kicking intake
by the client
The nurse documents positi Passive movementPalpable contractio
10 pounds per trimester
Which of the following woA total gain of 25 ½ pound per week
When measuring a client’sFrom the symphysis From the fundus to From the xiphoid
Goodell’s sign p
During
A clientawith
pelvic exampreeclampsia
severe the nChadwick’s sign Braxton-Hicks
is admitted sign proteinuria, and severe pitting edema. W
with of BP 160/110,
Seizure precautionsDaily weights Right lateral positioning
When describing dizygoticTwo Fromovathefertilized
symphysis Sharing
pubis toof the
a commoEach
fundus Fromovathe with the pubis to the xiphoid pr
symphysis
When
When measuring
administeringa client’s
magnesium sulfate to a From clientthe
Reduce with xiphoid
blood pr
preeclampsia,
pressure the nurse understands that this drug
Prevent
The fetusseizures
isn’t in distress at this time.
A client who’s 36 weeks pregnant comes to the clinic for a prenatal checkup. Slow the process o the client’s preparati
To assess
“What changes hav“Are you planning t “Have you begun
A severely malformed pr fetus.
A client makes a routine vGrapelike clusters.An empty gestationa
A client, 30 weeks pregnant The client should reThe client should r
When assessing a client du“I support your commitment; “It’s contraindicated“You
however, you should
may have check
to supplement each feedin
A client at 24 weeks gestaHand/face edema Dietary intake Depression
“You will have to ask your physician when he returns.”
Which of the following wo“The placenta is c “You need a cesar
When assessing the adequac Sperm motility Sperm count Sperm maturity
Excessive vomiting in earl Hyperemesis Hypervomitus. Normal in most pr
The term fetus is defined aThe unborn offspriThe maternal tissue, The baby, once it
The number of times a wom Parity Fundus Pregnosis
LNMP stands for: Last Normal MenstLigand Neurotransmitter Myofibril Per
Decidua
What is the lining of the Endometrium Basal
By how much does the body 20% 10% 30%
Which of the following statThe umbilical vein A 100% of the cardiaThe arterial duct (
Which of the following st Amniocentesis offer At the age of 40 theMeasurement of nuc
A twin pregnancy is identiICSI with single emOvulation induction.Natural conceptio
Which one of the followinMonochorionic moA Singleton pregnanDichorionic diamni
With regard to maternal mInfants of mothersMothers with epilep
 Wrong 3 Rationale
Third trimester A woman pregnant for the first time typically feels fetal movements at about 18 to 20 weeks, wherea
Placenta previa Fluid that looks green or brown usually means that the baby has passed his first bowel movement (me
40cm The length of the average cord is 50cm.This is suffiecient to allow for delivery of the baby without app
February 22, 2003 Naegle's rule: EDD=LMP+9Months+7 Days
Increased lochial flowThrombophlebitis is an inflammatory process that causes a blood clot to form and block one or more
Determine fetal size A biophysical profile is a prenatal ultrasound evaluation of fetal well being involving a scoring system w
10-12 times 3 to 4 fetal movements per hour is normal.
Facilitated diffusion Oxygen and carbondioxide readily diffuses across the placenta from maternal to fetal blood.
The sex of the baby i Chromosomal sex is determined at the time of fertilization; a chromosome from the sperm cell, either
Lateral insertion In velamentous cord insertion, the umbilical cord inserts into the fetal membranes (choriamniotic mem
4 trimisters A normal, full-term pregnancy is 40 weeks, and can range from 37-42 weeks. It's divided into three tri
six months and four 27 weeks pregnant is five months and four weeks pregnant. This is the last week of the sixth month an
embryo,egg,blastocyst A baby goes through several stages of development, beginning as a fertilized egg. The egg develops in
72 to 80 beats per m A normal fetal heart rate (FHR) usually ranges from 120 to 160 beats per minute (bpm) in the in utero
On their back The best sleep position during pregnancy is “SOS” (sleep on side). Even better is to sleep on your left s
capasitation of sper The cortical reaction is a process initiated during fertilization by the release of cortical granules from t
Smoking cigarettes. To have a healthy pregnancy the mother should be beween 20 to 35 years of age, should have adequa
CBC Amniocentesis detects chromosome abnormalities, neural tube defects, and genetic disorders. Geneti
Strai gravida Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and amniocentesis are prenatal diagnostic procedures used to detect c
Appropriate exercise.Good parental care prior to a child's birth includes: Having adequate prenatal medical supervision, ha
6 weeks after ovulati organogenesis – this is the process by which the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm are converted i
a rule for calculating Braxton Hicks: Irregular contractions of the womb (the uterus) occurring towards the middle of pregna
Follicle Stimulating It's the Human chorionic gonadotropin, or hCG hormone that's detected in a positive pregnancy test.
(+) pregnancy test Positive signs of pregnancy are those signs that are definitely confirmed as a pregnancy. They include
Pseudocyesis In pregnancy terms, quickening is the moment in pregnancy when the pregnant woman starts to feel
7-8 pounds per weekOn a trimester basis in a woman with a normal pre-pregnancy weight: First trimester: 1-4.5 pounds. S
Mc Donald’s rule Naegele's rule is a standard way of calculating the due date for a pregnancy. The rule estimates the ex
Strengthen the chestKegel exercises help strengthen the( pelvic floor muscles) muscles that support the bladder, uterus, an
Urinary frequency Pelvic rocking can be used in upright positions, for example leaning on a bench or on a wall and also in
Antacid Symptoms of morning sickness may be relieved by eating a few dry carbohydrate crackers.
Lower cervical segmeThe common site of the implantation in the uterus is the upper uterine portion.
Ask the woman to raisLeg cramps is caused by the contraction of the gastrocnimeus (leg muscle). Thus, the intervention is to
Dexamethasone and M p agnesium sulfate acts as a CNS depressant as well as a smooth muscle relaxant. Terbutaline is a drug
RhoGam is given onlyOn the first pregnancy, the mother still has no contact with Rh(+) blood thus it has not antibodies aga
1&3 All the four functions enumerated are true of amniotic fluid.
Any of the above When a pregnant woman lies on supine position, the weight of the gravid uterus would be compressin
Ectopic pregnancy Hydatidiform mole begins as a pregnancy but early in the development of the embryo degeneration o
Left lower quadrant Right upper quadrant. The landmark to look for when looking for PMI is the location of the fetal back
Nov. 8 Based on the last menstrual period, the expected date of delivery is Nov. 6. The formula for the Naege
Moniliasis Rubella is caused by a virus and viruses have low molecular weight thus can pass through the placenta
Nausea Backache usually occurs in the lumbar area and becomes more problematic as the uterus enlarges. Th
Enlargement of the uHydatidiform mole (H-mole) is characterized by the degeneration of the chorionic villi wherein the vill
week 3 Gestational Age Week 7. Generally, from 6 ½ -7 weeks is the time when a heartbeat can be detected a
Are specialsed cells oThe human decidua is a specialized tissue characterized by embryo-receptive properties. It is formed d
Corpus luteum and pDuring pregnancy, estriol is synthesized in very high quantities by the placenta and is the most produc
10 to 12 days Implantation. Once the embryo reaches the blastocyst stage, approximately five to six days after fertili
Flactuates During pregnancy, the glomerular filtration rate normally increases to up to 150% of the normal rate,
morning sickness Mifepristone is usually used to terminate pregnancy but these compounds have numerous other appl
C PAPP-A Diagnostic tests that can identify Down syndrome include: Chorionic villus sampling (CVS). In CVS, cell
Hepatitis B The measles, mumps, rubella, and chickenpox (varicella) vaccines are particularly important for wome
Value >30 ng/mL is coFetal fibronectin (fFN) is a fibronectin protein produced by fetal cells. It is found at the interface of the
tea Taking iron supplement pills and getting enough iron in your food will correct most cases of iron defici
Defamation Malpractice is defined as injurious or unprofessional actions that harm another. It involves professiona
Vitamin C Beriberi is a disease caused by a vitamin B-1 deficiency, also known as thiamine deficiency.
Influenza TORCH (Toxoplasmosis and other infections: rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex)
The mother may have physiologic anemia due to the increased need for red blood cell mass as well as
The fetus has an inc About 400 mgs of Iron is needed by the mother in order to produce more RBC mass to be able to prov
An L/S ratio of 1:2 The most important determinants of fetal maturity for extrauterine survival is L/S ratio of 2:1.
Drink small amounts Soleep with head propped on several pillows Heartburn is a burning sensation caused by re- gurgitation
First recognised mov ballottement is a sharp upward pushing against the uterine wall with a finger inserted into the vagina
Softening of the cerviBraxton Hicks Contraction are a painless intermittent weak contractions of the uterus occurring during
painless bright red v Chadwick sign is a bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia resulting from increased blood fl
Softening of the isthmGoodell sign is an indication of pregnancy. It is a significant softening of the vaginal portion of the cerv
painless bright red v quickening is the first motion of a fetus in the uterus felt by the mother usually somewhat before the
Painless uterine cont Hegar's sign is defined as softening and compressibility of the lower segment of the uterus in early pre
deep violet colorationPlacenta previa is a condition in which the placenta is implanted near the outlet of the uterus, so that
Passive fetal movemen Abruptio placentae is defined as the premature separation of the placenta from the uterus. Patients w
Ectopic pregnancy Abruptio placentae is described as premature separation of a normally implanted placenta during the
Nov-07 To calculate the EDD by Nagele’s rule, add 7 days to the first day of the last menstrual period and coun
To eat three well bal For morning nausea, eat toast, cereal, crackers, or other dry foods before getting out of bed.
Soft and nontender A client with abruptio placentae may exhibit concealed or dark red bleeding, possibly reporting sudde
G2 T2 P0 A0 L2 The client has been pregnant four times, including current pregnancy (G). Birth at 38 weeks’ gestation
Follicle stimulating It's the Human chorionic gonadotropin, or hCG hormone that's detected in a positive pregnancy test.
Ductus venosus The foramen ovale is an opening between the right and left auricles (atria) that should close shortly aft
Increase in maternal The fetal gonad must secrete estrogen for the embryo to differentiate as a female. An increase in mate
The large size of the During pregnancy, hormonal changes cause relaxation of the pelvic joints, resulting in the typical “wad
Early morning heada Edema of the hands and face is a classic sign of PIH. Many healthy pregnant woman experience foot a
A spontaneous abortiA false-positive reaction can occur if the pregnancy test is performed less than 10 days after an aborti
Elevated estrogen levDuring the second trimester, the reduction in gastric acidity in conjunction with pressure from the gro
One hour glucose chaA rubella titer should be 1:8 or greater. Thurs, a finding of a titer less than 1:8 is significant, indicating
Third trimester First-trimester classes commonly focus on such issues as early physiologic changes, fetal development
5 weeks gestation The FHR can be auscultated with a fetoscope at about 20 week’s gestation. FHR usually is ausculatated
Positive signs Cervical softening (Goodell sign) and uterine soufflé are two probable signs of pregnancy. Probable sig
I may go back to workPlacenta previa
since I stay onlymeans
at thethat the placenta is the presenting part. On the first and second trimester ther
office
Is safe as long as she Coitus is restricted when there is watery discharge, uterine contraction and vaginal bleeding. Also tho
10-15 lbs A weight gain of 11. 2 to 15.9 kg (25 to 35 lbs) is currently recommended as an average weight gain in
Burning Pressure and irritation of the bladder by the growing uterus during the first trimester is responsible fo
Constipation Danger signs that require prompt reporting are leaking of amniotic fluid, blurred vision, vaginal bleedi
Trophoblast The zygote is the single cell that reproduces itself after conception. The chromosome is the material t
Glucose monitoring Although all of the choices are important in the management of diabetes, diet therapy is the mainstay
Introversion, egocentDuring the first trimester, common emotional reactions include ambivalence, fear, fantasies, or anxiet
Renal or vascular disease
Multiple gestation is one of the predisposing factors that may cause placenta previa. Uterine anomalie
Severe nausea andandThe description of hyperemesis gravidarum includes severe nausea and vomiting, leading to electrolyt
dia
Abdomen, breast, thighs
Chloasma, also called the mask of pregnancy, is an irregular hyperpigmented area found on the face. I
Positive serum pregn Presumptive signs of pregnancy are subjective signs. Of the signs listed, only nausea and vomiting are
The force of gravity Pressure of the growing uterus on blood vessels results in an increased risk for venous stasis in the low
Nursing unit managerThe fetus of a cocaine-addicted mother is at risk for hypoxia, meconium aspiration, and intrauterine g
Cystic
The patient has a history of fibrosis
pretermislabor
a recessive trait; each
at 32 weeks’ offspring has a one in four chance of having the trait or the diso
gestation
8th week of pregnan On the 8th week of pregnancy, the uterus is still within the pelvic area. On the 10th week, the uterus
External electronic f At 12 weeks gestation, the uterus rises out of the pelvis and is palpable above the symphysis pubis. Th
Eliminate pain and gi Breathing techniques can raise the pain threshold and reduce the perception of pain. They also promo
Risk for infection For the client with an ectopic pregnancy, lower abdominal pain, usually unilateral, is the primary symp
Eating six small mealsUsing
a daybicarbonate would
instead of thee increase
large meals the amount of sodium ingested, which can cause complications. Ea
Enlargement Ballottement indicates passive movement of the unengaged fetus. Ballottement is not a contraction. F
and soft
1 pound per week for 40 weeks
To ensure adequate fetal growth and development during the 40 weeks of a pregnancy, a total weight
From the symphysis pThe nurse should use a nonelastic, flexible, paper measuring tape, placing the zero point on the super
McDonald’s sign Chadwick’s sign refers to the purple-blue tinge of the cervix. Braxton Hicks contractions are painless co
Stress reduction Women hospitalized with severe preeclampsia need decreased CNS stimulation to prevent a seizure. S
Sharing of a commonDizygotic
chorion (fraternal) twins involve two ova fertilized by separate sperm. Monozygotic (identical) twins
From the fundus to t The nurse should use a nonelastic, flexible, paper measuring tape, placing the zero point on the super
Increase dieresis The chemical makeup of magnesium is similar to that of calcium and, therefore, magnesium will act li
“Can you tell me aboutDuring the third
the meals youtrimester, theeach
typically eat pregnant
day?”client typically perceives the fetus as a separate being. To ver
In a client with gestational trophoblastic disease, an ultrasound performed after the 3rd month shows
An extrauterine pregnancy
The fetus should be dThe BPP evaluates fetal health by assessing five variables: fetal breathing movements, gross body mov
“You should be able toRecent breast without
breast-feed reduction surgeries are done in a way to protect the milk sacs and ducts, so breast-feed
difficulty.”
After 20 weeks’ gestation, when there is a rapid weight gain, preeclampsia should be suspected, which
Glucosuria is not the priority. Depression may cause either anorexia or excessive food intake, leading to excessive
“The placenta is coveA complete placenta previa occurs when the placenta covers the opening of the uterus, thus blocking
Semen volume Although all of the factors listed are important, sperm motility is the most significant criterion when a
Morning sickness Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a pregnancy complication that is characterized by severe nausea, vom
The unborn child, as The fetal stage commences at the beginning of the ninth week, fertilisation age or eleventh week gest
Gravida Gravid comes from Latin gravis, meaning "heavy." It can refer to a female who is literally pregnant, and
Labour Not Making P LNMP. Last Normal Menstrual Period.
myometrium Decidua is the term for the uterine lining (endometrium) during a pregnancy, which forms the matern
40% There is a significant increase in oxygen demand during normal pregnancy. This is due to a 15% increa
The foramen ovale typUnusually for a vein, the umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the IVC via the
The neonatal screeninCells can be cultured and chromosomal analysis performed. Rapid results may be available within 48 h
Family history of multThis increases the risk of monochorionic monoamniotic (MCMA) twins fivefold; the reasons for this ar
Monochorionic diamnPregnancies that share the placenta and amnion are at highest risk of adverse outcome because of ris
Infants of mothers wiInfants of diabetic mothers are already producing inappropriately high amounts of insulin in response
 bout 18 to 20 weeks, whereas a woman who has been pregnant more than once will typically feel movements around 15 to 17 weeks.
his first bowel movement (meconium) while in the womb.
livery of the baby without applying any traction to the placenta.

form and block one or more veins, usually in your legs.

ng involving a scoring system with the score being termed Manning's score.

ernal to fetal blood.

me from the sperm cell, either X or Y, fuses with the X chromosome in the egg cell. The sex of the baby depends on which sperm gets to
embranes (choriamniotic membranes), then travels within the membranes to the placenta (between the amnion and the chorion).
eeks. It's divided into three trimesters. Each trimester lasts between 12 and 14 weeks, or about three months.
ast week of the sixth month and the last week of the second trimester.
ized egg. The egg develops into a blastocyst, an embryo, then a fetus.
minute (bpm) in the in utero period.
better is to sleep on your left side. Sleeping on your left side will increase the amount of blood and nutrients that reach the placenta an
ase of cortical granules from the egg, which prevents polyspermy, the fusion of multiple sperm with one egg.
rs of age, should have adequate prenatal medical supervision and must avoid smokig.
and genetic disorders. Genetic disorders include disorders such as cystic fibrosis.
c procedures used to detect certain fetal genetic abnormalities.CVS is done at 10-12 weeks' gestation, and amniocentesis is done at 15
natal medical supervision, having proper, adequate nutrition, appropriate exercise.
nd endoderm are converted into the internal organs of the body. This process takes place between about week 3 to the end of week 8.
towards the middle of pregnancy in the first pregnancy and, earlier and more intensely, in subsequent pregnancies.
in a positive pregnancy test.
as a pregnancy. They include fetal heart sounds, ultrasound scanning of the fetus, palpation of the entire fetus, palpation of fetal move
regnant woman starts to feel or perceive fetal movements in the uterus.The first natural sensation of quickening may feel like a light tap
rst trimester: 1-4.5 pounds. Second trimester: 1-2 pounds per week. Third trimester: 1-2 pounds per week.
ncy. The rule estimates the expected date of delivery (EDD) by adding one year, subtracting three months, and adding seven days to the
upport the bladder, uterus, and bowels. By strengthening these muscles during your pregnancy, you can develop the ability to relax and
bench or on a wall and also in the hands and knees position. Having this 'tool' means it gives another thing to do, which can distract yo
ohydrate crackers.

e). Thus, the intervention is to stretch the muscle by dosiflexing the foot of the affected leg towards the knee.
relaxant. Terbutaline is a drug that inhibits the uterine smooth muscles from contracting. On the other hand, oxytocin and prostagland
thus it has not antibodies against Rh(+). After the first pregnancy, even if terminated into an abortion, there is already the possibility of

d uterus would be compressing on the vena cava against the vertebrae obstructing blood flow from the lower extremities. This causes
of the embryo degeneration occurs. The proliferation of the vesicle-like substances is rapid causing the uterus to enlarge bigger than th
the location of the fetal back in relation to the right or left side of the mother and the presentation, whether cephalic or breech. The be
. 6. The formula for the Naegele’s Rule is subtract 3 from the month and add 7 to the day.
can pass through the placental barrier. Gonorrhea, candidiasis and moniliasis are conditions that can affect the fetus as it passes throu
atic as the uterus enlarges. The pregnant woman in her third trimester usually assumes a lordotic posture to maintain balance causing
chorionic villi wherein the villi becomes vesicle-like. These vesicle-like substances when expelled per vagina and is a definite sign that t
a heartbeat can be detected and viability can be assessed. A normal heartbeat at 6-7 weeks would be 90-110 beats per minute. The pre
ptive properties. It is formed during the secretory phase of menstrual cycle from uterine mucosa termed endometrium. The decidua is
acenta and is the most produced estrogen in the body by far, although circulating levels of estriol are similar to those of other estrogens
tely five to six days after fertilization, it hatches out of its zona pellucida and begins the process of implantation in the uterus.
p to 150% of the normal rate, peaking at approximately the 13th week of pregnancy.
 ds have numerous other applications in female healthcare.
us sampling (CVS). In CVS, cells are taken from the placenta and used to analyze the fetal chromosomes. This test is typically performed
rticularly important for women of childbearing age who are susceptible to these infections and who may become pregnant because th
s found at the interface of the chorion and the decidua (between the fetal sac and the uterine lining). It can be thought of as an adhesi
rrect most cases of iron deficiency anemia. You usually take iron pills 1 to 3 times a day. To get the most benefit from the pills, take the
nother. It involves professional misconduct, such as omission or commission of an act that a reasonable and prudent nurse would or w
hiamine deficiency.
erpes simplex)
red blood cell mass as well as the fetal requires about 350-400 mg of iron to grow
e RBC mass to be able to provide the needed increase in blood supply for the fetus. Also, about 350-400 mgs of iron is need for the no
ival is L/S ratio of 2:1.
ation caused by re- gurgitation of gastric contents. It is best relieved by sleeping position, eating small meals, and not eating before bed
nger inserted into the vagina for diagnosing pregnancy by feeling the return impact of the displaced fetus
of the uterus occurring during pregnancy.
sulting from increased blood flow.
the vaginal portion of the cervix from increased vascularization. This vascularization is a result of hypertrophy and engorgement of the
usually somewhat before the middle of the period of gestation.
ment of the uterus in early pregnancy (about the seventh week) which, on bimanual examination, is felt by the finger in the vagina as t
e outlet of the uterus, so that at the time of delivery the placenta precedes the baby. Placenta previa can cause painless bleeding in the
ta from the uterus. Patients with abruptio placentae, also called placental abruption, typically present with painfull dark red bleeding, u
mplanted placenta during the second half of pregnancy, usually with severehemorrhage. Placenta previa refers to implantation of the p
ast menstrual period and count back 3 months, changing the year appropriately. To obtain a date of September 27, 7 days have been ad
e getting out of bed.
ding, possibly reporting sudden intense localized uterine pain. The uterus is typically firm to boardlike, and the fetal presenting part ma
). Birth at 38 weeks’ gestation is considered full term (T), while birth form 20 weeks to 38 weeks is considered preterm (P). A spontaneo
in a positive pregnancy test. It's also responsible for jump-starting all of the other pregnancy hormones in the body. Production of hCG
a) that should close shortly after birth so the newborn will not have a murmur or mixed blood traveling through the vascular system. T
a female. An increase in maternal estrogen secretion does not effect differentiation of the embryo, and maternal estrogen secretion o
s, resulting in the typical “waddling” gait. Changes in posture are related to the growing fetus. Pressure on the surrounding muscles cau
ant woman experience foot and ankle edema. A weight gain of 2 lb or more per week indicates a problem. Early morning headache is n
s than 10 days after an abortion. Performing the tests too early or too late in the pregnancy, storing the urine sample too long at room
on with pressure from the growing uterus and smooth muscle relaxation, can cause heartburn and flatulence. HCG levels increase in th
n 1:8 is significant, indicating that the client may not possess immunity to rubella. A hematocrit of 33.5% a white blood cell count of 8,0
ic changes, fetal development, sexuality during pregnancy, and nutrition. Some early classes may include pregnant couples. Second and
on. FHR usually is ausculatated at the midline suprapubic region with Doppler ultrasound transducer at 10 to 12 week’s gestation. FHR,
gns of pregnancy. Probable signs are objective findings that strongly suggest pregnancy. Other probable signs include Hegar sign, which
rst and second trimester there is spotting. On the third trimester there is bleeding that is sudden, profuse and painless.
and vaginal bleeding. Also those women with a history of spontaneous miscarriage may be advised to avoid coitus during the time of pr
d as an average weight gain in pregnancy. This weight gain consists of the following: fetus- 7.5 lb; placenta- 1.5 lb; amniotic fluid- 2 lb; u
first trimester is responsible for causing urinary frequency. Dysuria, incontinence and burning are symptoms associated with urinary trac
blurred vision, vaginal bleeding, rapid weight gain and elevated blood pressure. Nasal stuffiness, breast tenderness, and constipation a
chromosome is the material that makes up the cell and is gained from each parent. Blastocyst and trophoblast are later terms for the e
s, diet therapy is the mainstay of the treatment plan and should always be the priority. Women diagnosed with gestational diabetes ge
ence, fear, fantasies, or anxiety. The second trimester is a period of well-being accompanied by the increased need to learn about fetal
enta previa. Uterine anomalies abdominal trauma, and renal or vascular disease may predispose a client to abruptio placentae.
vomiting, leading to electrolyte, metabolic, and nutritional imbalances in the absence of other medical problems. Hyperemesis is not a
nted area found on the face. It is not seen on the breasts, areola, nipples, chest, neck, arms, legs, abdomen, or thighs.
only nausea and vomiting are presumptive signs. Hegar sign,skin pigmentation changes, and a positive serum pregnancy test are consid
isk for venous stasis in the lower extremities. Subsequently, edema and varicose vein formation may occur. Thrombophlebitis is an infla
 aspiration, and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Therefore, the nurse must notify the physician of the client’s cocaine use becau
of having the trait or the disorder. Maternal age is not a risk factor until age 35, when the incidence of chromosomal defects increases
On the 10th week, the uterus is still within the pelvic area. On the 12th week, the uterus and placenta have grown, expanding into the a
above the symphysis pubis. The Doppler intensifies the sound of the fetal pulse rate so it is audible. The uterus has merely risen out of
ption of pain. They also promote relaxation. Breathing techniques do not eliminate pain, but they can reduce it. Positioning, not breath
unilateral, is the primary symptom. Thus, pain is the priority. Although the potential for infection is always present, the risk is low in ect
h can cause complications. Eating low-sodium crackers would be appropriate. Since liquids can increase nausea avoiding them in the m
ttement is not a contraction. Fetal kicking felt by the client represents quickening. Enlargement and softening of the uterus is known as
of a pregnancy, a total weight gain 25 to 30 pounds is recommended: 1.5 pounds in the first 10 weeks; 9 pounds by 30 weeks; and 27.5
ng the zero point on the superior border of the symphysis pubis and stretching the tape across the abdomen at the midline to the top o
ks contractions are painless contractions beginning around the 4th month. Goodell’s sign indicates softening of the cervix. Flexibility of
mulation to prevent a seizure. Seizure precautions provide environmental safety should a seizure occur. Because of edema, daily weight
Monozygotic (identical) twins involve a common placenta, same genotype, and common chorion.
ng the zero point on the superior border of the symphysis pubis and stretching the tape across the abdomen at the midline to the top o
erefore, magnesium will act like calcium in the body. As a result, magnesium will block seizure activity in a hyper stimulated neurologic
us as a separate being. To verify that this has occurred, the nurse should ask whether she has made appropriate changes at home such
ed after the 3rd month shows grapelike clusters of transparent vesicles rather than a fetus. The vesicles contain a clear fluid and may in
g movements, gross body movements, fetal tone, reactive fetal heart rate, and qualitative amniotic fluid volume. A normal response for
sacs and ducts, so breast-feeding after surgery is possible. Still, it’s good to check with the surgeon to determine what breast reduction
sia should be suspected, which may be caused by fluid retention manifested by edema, especially of the hands and face. The three clas
od intake, leading to excessive weight gain or loss. This is not, however, the priority consideration at this time. Weight gain thought to b
g of the uterus, thus blocking the passageway for the baby. This response explains what a complete previa is and the reason the baby c
st significant criterion when assessing male infertility. Sperm count, sperm maturity, and semen volume are all significant, but they are
terized by severe nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and possibly dehydration. Signs and symptoms may also include vomiting many times
on age or eleventh week gestational age till birth.
e who is literally pregnant, and it also has the figurative meanings of pregnant: "full or teeming" and "meaningful."

ancy, which forms the maternal part of the placenta. It is formed under the influence of progesterone and forms highly characteristic ce
cy. This is due to a 15% increase in the metabolic rate and a 20% increased consumption of oxygen.
he placenta to the IVC via the ductus venosus. Umbilical cord pH is usually higher in the vein than in the artery.
s may be available within 48 hours. The risk of miscarriage is less than 1%.
vefold; the reasons for this are poorly understood.
verse outcome because of risk of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome and cord entanglement.
mounts of insulin in response to in utero exposure to maternal hyperglycaemia. They need early, regular feeding or intravenous dextro
ents around 15 to 17 weeks.

ends on which sperm gets to the egg first

mnion and the chorion).

ts that reach the placenta and your baby.

amniocentesis is done at 15-18 weeks' gestation.

week 3 to the end of week 8.

etus, palpation of fetal movements, x-ray, and actual delivery of an infant.

ening may feel like a light tapping, or the fluttering of a butterfly.Usually, quickening occurs naturally at about the middle of a pregnanc

and adding seven days to the first day of a woman's last menstrual period (LMP).
evelop the ability to relax and control the muscles in preparation for labor and birth.
g to do, which can distract you from the contractions, ease back ache and help the baby to move into position in its journey to be born.

nd, oxytocin and prostaglandin stimulates contraction of smooth muscles.

e is already the possibility of mixing of maternal and fetal blood so this can trigger the maternal blood to produce antibodies against Rh

wer extremities. This causes a decrease in blood return to the heart and consequently immediate decreased cardiac output and hypote
rus to enlarge bigger than the expected size based on ages of gestation (AOG). In the situation given, the pregnancy is only 5 months bu
er cephalic or breech. The best site is the fetal back nearest the head.

t the fetus as it passes through the vaginal canal during the delivery process.
to maintain balance causing an exaggeration of the lumbar curvature. Low broad heels provide the pregnant woman with a good suppo
a and is a definite sign that the woman has H-mole.
10 beats per minute. The presence of an embryonic heartbeat is an assuring sign of the health of the pregnancy.
ndometrium. The decidua is composed of glands, immune cells, blood and lymph vessels, and decidual stromal cells (DSCs).
r to those of other estrogens due to a relatively high rate of metabolism and excretion.
ation in the uterus.
 is test is typically performed in the first trimester, between 10 and 13 weeks of pregnancy.
ecome pregnant because these vaccines are contraindicated during pregnancy.
n be thought of as an adhesive or "biological glue" that binds the fetal sac to the uterine lining.
nefit from the pills, take them with vitamin C (ascorbic acid) pills or orange juice. Vitamin C helps your body absorb more iron.
nd prudent nurse would or would not do. In this example, the standard of care was breached; a 3-month-old infant should never be left

mgs of iron is need for the normal growth of the fetus. Thus, about 750-800 mgs iron supplementation is needed by the mother to meet

s, and not eating before bedtime.

hy and engorgement of the vessels below the growing uterus.

the finger in the vagina as though the neck and body of the uterus were separated, or connected by only a thin band of tissue.
ause painless bleeding in the last trimester of pregnancy.
h painfull dark red bleeding, uterine contractions, and fetal distress.
efers to implantation of the placenta in the lower uterine segment, causing painless bleeding in the third trimester of pregnancy. Ectopi
mber 27, 7 days have been added to the last day of the LMP (rather than the first day of the LMP), plus 4 months (instead of 3 months) w

the fetal presenting part may be engaged. Bright red, painless vaginal bleeding, a palpable fetal outline and a soft nontender abdomen
red preterm (P). A spontaneous abortion occurred at 8 weeks (A). She has two living children (L).
the body. Production of hCG starts at fertilization and levels rapidly rise until 10 weeks when they peak.
rough the vascular system. The umbilical vein, ductus arteriosus, and ductus venosus are obliterated at birth.
aternal estrogen secretion occurs in every pregnancy. Maternal androgen secretion remains the same as before pregnancy and does no
the surrounding muscles causing discomfort is due to the growing uterus. Weight gain has no effect on gait.
. Early morning headache is not a classic sign of PIH.
ne sample too long at room temperature, or having a spontaneous or missed abortion impending can all produce false-negative results
ce. HCG levels increase in the first, not the second, trimester. Decrease intestinal motility would most likely be the cause of constipatio
white blood cell count of 8,000/mm3, and a 1 hour glucose challenge test of 110 g/dl are with normal parameters.
regnant couples. Second and third trimester classes may focus on preparation for birth, parenting, and newborn care.
to 12 week’s gestation. FHR, cannot be heard any earlier than 10 weeks’ gestation.
ns include Hegar sign, which is softening of the lower uterine segment; Piskacek sign, which is enlargement and softening of the uterus
and painless.
d coitus during the time of pregnancy when a previous miscarriage occurred.
1.5 lb; amniotic fluid- 2 lb; uterus- 2.5 lb; breasts- 1.5 to 3 lb; blood volume- 4 lb; body fat- 7 lb; body fluid- 7 lb.
s associated with urinary tract infection.
nderness, and constipation are common discomforts associated with pregnancy.
last are later terms for the embryo after zygote.
with gestational diabetes generally need only diet therapy without medication to control their blood sugar levels. Exercise, is importan
ed need to learn about fetal growth and development. Common emotional reactions during this trimester include narcissism, passivity,
o abruptio placentae.
blems. Hyperemesis is not a form of anemia. Loss of appetite may occur secondary to the nausea and vomiting of hyperemesis, which,
n, or thighs.
um pregnancy test are considered probably signs, which are strongly suggestive of pregnancy.
. Thrombophlebitis is an inflammation of the veins due to thrombus formation. Pregnancy-induced hypertension is not associated with
he client’s cocaine use because this knowledge will influence the care of the client and neonate. The information is used only in relation
omosomal defects increases. Maternal exposure to rubella during the first trimester may cause congenital defects. Although a history o
grown, expanding into the abdominal cavity. On the 18th week, the uterus has already risen out of the pelvis and is expanding into the
erus has merely risen out of the pelvis into the abdominal cavity and is not at the level of the umbilicus. The fetal heart rate at this age
ce it. Positioning, not breathing, increases uteroplacental perfusion.
present, the risk is low in ectopic pregnancy because pathogenic microorganisms have not been introduced from external sources. The
usea avoiding them in the morning hours when nausea is usually the strongest is appropriate. Eating six small meals a day would keep t
ng of the uterus is known as Piskacek’s sign.
ounds by 30 weeks; and 27.5 pounds by 40 weeks. The pregnant woman should gain less weight in the first and second trimester than
n at the midline to the top of the fundus. The xiphoid and umbilicus are not appropriate landmarks to use when measuring the height
ng of the cervix. Flexibility of the uterus against the cervix is known as McDonald’s sign.
ause of edema, daily weight is important but not the priority. Preclampsia causes vasospasm and therefore can reduce utero-placental

n at the midline to the top of the fundus. The xiphoid and umbilicus are not appropriate landmarks to use when measuring the height
hyper stimulated neurologic system by interfering with signal transmission at the neuromascular junction.
priate changes at home such as obtaining infant supplies and equipment. The type of anesthesia planned doesn’t reflect the client’s pre
ntain a clear fluid and may involve all or part of the decidual lining of the uterus. Usually no embryo (and therefore no fetus) is present
lume. A normal response for each variable receives 2 points; an abnormal response receives 0 points. A score between 8 and 10 is cons
mine what breast reduction procedure was done. There is the possibility that reduction surgery may have decreased the mother’s abili
nds and face. The three classic signs of preeclampsia are hypertension, edema, and proteinuria. Although urine is checked for glucose
me. Weight gain thought to be caused by excessive food intake would require a 24-hour diet recall. However, excessive intake would not
is and the reason the baby cannot come out except by cesarean delivery. Telling the client to ask the physician is a poor response and w
e all significant, but they are not as significant sperm motility.
nclude vomiting many times a day and feeling faint. Hyperemesis gravidarum is considered more severe than morning sickness.

forms highly characteristic cells.

eding or intravenous dextrose, not more insulin.

out the middle of a pregnancy. A woman pregnant for the first time (i.e., a primigravida woman) typically feels fetal movements at abou

tion in its journey to be born.

roduce antibodies against Rh(+) blood. The fetus takes it’s blood type usually form the father.

d cardiac output and hypotension. Hence, putting the mother on side lying will relieve the pressure exerted by the gravid uterus on the
regnancy is only 5 months but the size of the uterus is already above the umbilicus which is compatible with 7 months AOG. Also, no fe

nt woman with a good support.

omal cells (DSCs).

 y absorb more iron.
d infant should never be left unattended on a scale.

eded by the mother to meet this additional requirement.

a thin band of tissue.

mester of pregnancy. Ectopic pregnancy refers to the implantation of the products of conception in a site other than the endometrium
onths (instead of 3 months) were counted back. To obtain the date of November 7, 7 days have been subtracted (instead of added) from

d a soft nontender abdomen are manifestations of placenta previa.

efore pregnancy and does not effect differentiation. Secretion of androgen by the fetal gonad would produce a male fetus.

roduce false-negative results.

y be the cause of constipation and bloating. Estrogen levels decrease in the second trimester.

wborn care.

t and softening of the uterus; serum laboratory tests; changes in skin pigmentation; and ultrasonic evidence of a gestational sac. Presum

levels. Exercise, is important for all pregnant women and especially for diabetic women, because it burns up glucose, thus decreasing b
include narcissism, passivity, or introversion. At times the woman may seem egocentric and self-centered. During the third trimester, th

miting of hyperemesis, which, if it continues, can deplete the nutrients transported to the fetus. Diarrhea does not occur with hypereme

ension is not associated with these symptoms. Gravity plays only a minor role with these symptoms.
mation is used only in relation to the client’s care.
defects. Although a history or preterm labor may place the patient at risk for preterm labor, it does not correlate with genetic defects.
lvis and is expanding into the abdominal area.
e fetal heart rate at this age is not audible with a stethoscope. The uterus at 12 weeks is just above the symphysis pubis in the abdomin

d from external sources. The client may have a limited knowledge of the pathology and treatment of the condition and will most likely e
mall meals a day would keep the stomach full, which often decrease nausea.

t and second trimester than in the third. During the first trimester, the client should only gain 1.5 pounds in the first 10 weeks, not 1 po
when measuring the height of the fundus (McDonald’s measurement).

can reduce utero-placental perfusion. The client should be placed on her left side to maximize blood flow, reduce blood pressure, and

when measuring the height of the fundus (McDonald’s measurement).

oesn’t reflect the client’s preparation for parenting. The client should have begun prenatal classes earlier in the pregnancy. The nurse s
herefore no fetus) is present because it has been absorbed. Because there is no fetus, there can be no extrauterine pregnancy. An extra
ore between 8 and 10 is considered normal, indicating that the fetus has a low risk of oxygen deprivation and isn’t in distress. A fetus w
decreased the mother’s ability to meet all of her baby’s nutritional needs, and some supplemental feeding may be required. Preparing
urine is checked for glucose at each clinic visit, this
r, excessive intake would not be the primary consideration for this client at this time.
cian is a poor response and would increase the patient’s anxiety. Although a cesarean would help to prevent hemorrhage, the statemen

an morning sickness.
eels fetal movements at about 18–20 weeks, whereas a woman who has been pregnant more than once (i.e., a multipara woman) will t

d by the gravid uterus on the vena cava.

h 7 months AOG. Also, no fetal heart beat is appreciated because the pregnancy degenerated thus there is no appreciable fetal heart b
other than the endometrium. Incompetent cervix is a conduction characterized by painful dilation of the cervical os without uterine con
acted (instead of added) from the first day of LMP plus November indicates counting back 2 months (instead of 3 months) from January

ce a male fetus.

e of a gestational sac. Presumptive signs are subjective signs and include amenorrhea; nausea and vomiting; urinary frequency; breast

up glucose, thus decreasing blood sugar. However, dietary intake, not exercise, is the priority. All pregnant women with diabetes should
During the third trimester, the woman typically feels awkward, clumsy, and unattractive, often becoming more introverted or reflective

oes not occur with hyperemesis.

rrelate with genetic defects.

mphysis pubis in the abdominal cavity, not midway between the umbilicus and the xiphoid process. At 12 weeks the FHR would be diffic

ondition and will most likely experience grieving, but this is not the priority at this time.

n the first 10 weeks, not 1 pound per week. A weight gain of ½ pound per week would be 20 pounds for the total pregnancy, less than t

reduce blood pressure, and promote diuresis.

n the pregnancy. The nurse should have obtained dietary information during the first trimester to give the client time to make any nece
auterine pregnancy. An extrauterine pregnancy is seen with an ectopic pregnancy.
nd isn’t in distress. A fetus with a score of 6 or lower is at risk for asphyxia and premature birth; this score warrants detailed investigatio
may be required. Preparing the mother for this possibility is extremely important because the client’s psychological adaptation to mot

nt hemorrhage, the statement does not explain why the hemorrhage could occur. With a complete previa, the placenta is covering all t
e., a multipara woman) will typically feel movements around 15–17 weeks.

s no appreciable fetal heart beat.

ervical os without uterine contractions.
ad of 3 months) from January. To obtain the date of December 27, 7 days were added to the last day of the LMP (rather than the first da

g; urinary frequency; breast tenderness and changes; excessive fatigue; uterine enlargement; and quickening.

women with diabetes should have periodic monitoring of serum glucose. However, those with gestational diabetes generally do not ne
more introverted or reflective of her own childhood.
eeks the FHR would be difficult to auscultate with a fetoscope. Although the external electronic fetal monitor would project the FHR, th

e total pregnancy, less than the recommended amount.

client time to make any necessary changes.

warrants detailed investigation. The BPP may or may not be repeated if the score isn’t within normal limits.
chological adaptation to mothering may be dependent on how successfully she breast-feeds.

the placenta is covering all the cervix, not just most of it.
LMP (rather than the first day of the LMP) and December indicates counting back only 1 month (instead of 3 months) from January.

diabetes generally do not need daily glucose monitoring. The standard of care recommends a fasting and 2-hour postprandial blood sug
tor would project the FHR, the uterus has not risen to the umbilicus at 12 weeks.
f 3 months) from January.

-hour postprandial blood sugar level every 2 weeks.

Category Question Correct Wrong 1 Wrong 2
Intrapartum Ripening of the cervix occurs First stage Second stage Third stage
Intrapartum In what presentation is the h Vertex Sinciput Brow
Intrapartum Which of the following factorsMechanical Nutritional Environmental
Intrapartum In face presentation the domiMentum Scapula Occiput
Intrapartum When the fetal head is at theStation
l “0” Station –1 Station +1
Intrapartum Which is a primary power of Cterine contractionsPushing of the mot Intrathoracic pressur
Intrapartum In the second stage of labor, 60 seconds 20 seconds 30 seconds
Intrapartum The time between uterine conInterval Intensity Duration
Intrapartum Because of the position of th Heals more faster thIt is more difficult It is more painful tha
How many stages of labor
Intrapartum are there? Three Sixteen Twelve
Low birth weight is due to a all of the above Age of the mother. Improper or inadequat
How many centimetres must 10cm th 5cm 15cm
The term "effleurage" refers light stroking of t muscle relaxation controlled breathing
The primary power involved in Uterine contraction Bearing down abilitCervical effacement a
When the shiny portion of theSchultze Ritgens Duncan
When the baby’s head is out,Check if there is co Cut the umbilical coWipe the baby’s face
The fetal heart beat should beThe heart rate will The heart rate will The rate should not b
In vaginal delivery done in th Oxytocin can make th Oxytocin will preve Oxytocin will facilitat
In the Philippines, if a nurse Abortion is both imm Abortion is immoralAbortion is considered
Place the mother on semifowler’s po
When the bag of waters rupture Cover the prolapse cPush back the prolap
In a gravido-cardiac mother, tThere is a fluid shi The maternal heart The delivery process
At what stage of labor and deStage 1 Stage 2 techniqueDuncanStage 3 maneuver
Marmet’s
When delivering
The placenta the be
should baby’s heRitgen’s
delivered technique
normally within ___ minutes after the delivery of the baby.
30 minutes 5 minutes 45 minutes
The following are types of br Incomplete Complete Frank
3.Cranial hematoma in the fetus
4.Fetal anoxia 1,2,3,4 1&2 2&4
When giving narcotic analgesic Uterine contractions Cervical dilatation hUterine contraction i
Upon assessment, the nurse go Hemorrhage seconda Inadequate tissue pBlood volume deficie
Diameter of engagement in br13.5 cm 12.5 cm 9.5 cm
Which type of fracture is m Calvicular Humeral Femoral
A nurse is caring for a client The cervix is dilate The client begins to The contractions are
A nurse in the labor room is cAdminister oxygen v Place the mother inDocument the findings
A nurse is performing an asseFetal heart rate of White blood cell co Maternal pulse rate o
A client in labor is transport Supine position withProne position withSemi-Fowler position
A nurse is caring for a client Palpating the materna Noting if the heart Placing the diaphrag
A nurse is caring for a client A fetal heart rate o Three contractions Adequate resting
An IV infusion ton
of antibiotics
A nurse is beginning to care fContinuous electroniPlacing the client o
A nurse is monitoring a clientNotify the physician Encourage the clienEncourage the client
Document the findings and tell the mother that the monitor indicates fetal w
A nurse is caring for a client Take the mother’s viNotify the physician o
Identifying the types of accelerations
A nurse is admitting a pregnan A ssessing the baseli
Which of the following is the nurse's initial action when umbilical cord Determining the frequ
prolapse occurs?
Place the client in a Notify the physicianApply a sterile warm
A client in the 28th week of Regular uterine dilatregular uterine contPainful contractions w
During which of the followingSecond stage Second stage First stage
A client in the active phase Put the client in a Call the physician o Arrange for fetal bloo
Immediately before expulsionExternal rotation Extension Gradually increasingFlexion
intervals
Which of the following charact Increasing intensity Starting mainly in t
Which of the following nursinPromote parent-newb Coach for effective Obtain a urine specim
A client with gravida 3 para Monitor fetal heart Position the client Ambulate
Labor thatthe client
begins t 24 weeks ges
after
Which of the following best Labor that Labor
begins af shock that begins a
Limiting hypovolemic
When uterine rupture occurs, Obtaining blood sp Instituting complete
Which of the following may hTetanic contractionsWeak Arrange
contraction
prolonged
for to more
a staff
p Increased
than 90of
member seconds
pain with b
the anesthesia departme
Modify preoperative teaching to meet the Explain
needsthe
ofsurgery,
either a planned or eme
A client asks the nurse what aThat extended their Through the skin anThat involves
Not drink anterior
fluids
Assume Sim’s positi Lie face down
Obtaining an order to begin IV oxytocin Preparing
infusion for a cesarean section for
After 4 hours of active labor, Administering a ligh
A patient
The nurseisunderstands
in labor andthat
has the
Prolapsed
Completely umbilical
fetal head
extended Pica of the followingOphthalmia
is in which Partially
positions neonato
extended
with a face presentation?
Completely flexed
When preparing a client for Modify preoperativeExplain the surgery Instruct the mother’s
While caring for
Accompanied byaher
multigravidYogurt Cereal with
husband, a patient seeks admission milk
to the laborVegetable soup
and delivery area. The client states
“What is your expec“Who will be with y“Do you have any alle
A patient is in the second sta Every 15 minutes Every 5 minutes Every 30 minutes
A client has a midpelvic cont Ischial spines Pubic arch Sacral promontory
When PROM occurs, which ofPROM t removes the The
fe chorion and amn Nursing care is based
A client who’s admitted to labPreparing for immedi Providing comfort Checking for ruptur
After completing a second vagi 1 cm above the ischiIn no relationship toDirectly in line with t
A multigravida at 38 weeks’ gCervical dilation Contraction monitoFetal heart rate
Start oxygen per nasal cannula at 2 L
Immediately after birth the nuRecognize this as norSuction the infant’
In the late 1950s, consumers Prepared childbirth Clinical nurse speciaNurse-midwifery
When preparing a client for Modify preoperativeInstruct the mother’Arrange for a staff m
A uterine
Labour contraction
is defined as: is: A tightening and shoA signal to the midwThe stretching of the
The process during w The voluntary pushin Contractions closer t
Parity is defined as The number of a wom The number of timeThe strength of the u
Where is oxytocin produced?Posterior Pituitary Anterior Pituitary Placenta
At full term
Which theare
vessels placenta weigumbilical cord? 1:06
found the 1:08 1:10
1 Vein & 2 Arteries 2 Veins & 1 Artery 1 Vein & 1 Artery
A female baby is born at 24+1ELBW (Extremely Low IUGR (Intrauterine GSGA (Small for Gestat
A mother gives birth to twinsDCDA. MCMA. DCMA.
 Wrong 3 Rationale
Fourth stage Cervical ripening refers to the softenig of the cervix that typially begins prior to the the onset o
Face Vertex presentation allows well flexed head.
Medical Dystocia is difficult, painful, prolonged labor due to mechanical factors involving the fetus (pas
Brow In face preentation the dominator is mentum (chin).
Station +2 0 station. This is when the baby's head is even with the ischial spines. The baby is said to be "e
Abdominal contraction The primary power of normal labour is uterine contraction. It puts the baby in position,causes
120 seconds The second stage can last from 20 minutes to 2 hours. Contractions will last about 60 seconds
Frequency The time between contractions includes the length or duration of the contraction and the min
It involve more blood loss thEpisiotomy include easy repair and improved healing
It depends There are three stages of labour. The first stage is when your cervix is opening and your baby i
Decreased maternal nutritionFactors related to low birth weigt babies are poor maternal nutrition, maternal age, and Impro
20cm The time of the onset of true labor until the cervix is completely dilated to 10 cm. The period a
the absence of anesthetics Effleurage - a rhythmic stroking; "effleurage of the abdomen is used in the Lamaze method of
Valsalva technique Uterine contraction is the primary force that will expel the fetus out through the birth canal M
Marmets There are 2 mechanisms possible during the delivery of the placenta. If the shiny portion come
Deliver the anterior shoulderThe nurse should check if there is a cord coil because the baby will not be delivered safely if th
The heart rate will decelerat The normal fetal heart rate will decelerate (go down) slightly during a contraction because of t
Giving oxytocin will ensure c The action of oxytocin is to make the uterus contract as well make the cervix close. If it is given
Abortion is illegal because maInduced Abortion is illegal in the country as stated in our Penal Code and any person who perf
Push back the cord into the The correct action of the nurse is to cover the cord with sterile gauze wet with sterile NSS. Obs
The mother is tired and weakDuring the pregnancy, there is an increase in maternal blood volume to accommodate the nee
Stage 4 In stage 1 during a normal vaginal delivery of a vertex presentation, the multigravida may have
Schultze maneuver Ritgen’s technique is done to prevent perineal tear. This is done by the nurse by support the p
60 minutes The placenta is delivered within 30 minutes from the delivery of the baby. If it takes longer, pro
Footling Breech presentation means the buttocks of the fetus is the presenting part. If it is only the foo
2,3,4 all the above conditions can occur following a precipitate labor and delivery of the fetus becau
The progress of labor is well Narcotic analgesics must be given when uterine contractions are already well established so th
Normal blood loss All the signs in the stem of the question are signs of hemorrhage. If the fundus is soft and bou
14.5 cm The engagement diameter in the brow pesentation is 13.5 cm which is longer than any diamet
Manibula Clavicle, also known as collar bone, fractures are the most common injury sustained by newbo
The membranes have rupturThe second stage of labor begins when the cervix is dilated completely and ends with the birth
Increase the rate of Pitocin I Late decelerations are due to uteroplacental insufficiency as the result of decreased blood flow
Hemoglobin of 11.0 g/dL A normal fetal heart rate is 120-160 beats per minute. A count of 180 beats per minute could i
Trendelenburg’s position withVena cava and descending aorta compression by the pregnant uterus impedes blood return fro
Performing Leopold’s maneuver The nurse simultaneously should palpate the maternal radial or carotid pulse and auscultate th
Increased urinary output A normal fetal heart rate is 120-160 BPM. Bradycardia or late or variable decelerations indicate
Placing a code cart at the cli Continuous electronic fetal monitoring should be implemented during an IV infusion of Pitocin
Continue monitoring the fetalA normal fetal heart rate is 120-160 beats per minute. Fetal bradycardia between contractions
Reposition the mother and checkAccelerations
the monitorare for
transient increases
changes in the
in the fetal fetal heart rate that often accompany contractions
tracing
Determining the intensity of Assessing the baseline fetal heart rate is important so that abnormal variations of the baseline
Begin monitoring maternal viThe immediate priority is to minimize pressure on the cord. Thus the nurse’s initial action invo
Regular uterine contractions Regular uterine contractions (every 10 minutes or more) along with cervical dilation before 36
Third stage Crowing, which occurs when the newborn’s head
Push down on the uterine fuThe or presenting part position
knee to chest appears gets
at the vaginal
the weightopening, occurs
off the baby during
and the second
umbilical stage would
cord, which of labor. Du
preve
Descent Immediately before expulsion or birth of the rest of the body, the cardinal movement of extern
With true labor, contractions increase in intensity with walking. In addition, true labor contrac
Occurring at irregular intervatrue labor contractions gradually shortens.
Assess uterine contractions During the third stage of labor, which begins with the delivery of the newborn, the nurse woul
Explain the rationale for the The nurse should first monitor fetal heart tone. After an amniotomy is performed, the umbilica
Labor that begins after 28 w Preterm labor is best described as labor that begins after 20 weeks’ gestation and before 37 w
Inserting a urinary catheter With uterine rupture, the client is at risk for hypovolemic shock. Therefore, the priority is to pr
Increased restlessness and a Hyperstimulation of the uterus such as with oxytocin during the induction of labor may result
Instruct the mother’s supportA key point to consider when preparing the client for a cesarean delivery is to modify the preo
That extends through the perThird degree laceration involves all in the second degree laceration and the external sphincter
Practice holding breaths bet When the woman is in Sim’s position, this puts the weight of the fetus on bed, not on the wom
Increasing the encouragemenThe client’s labor is hypotonic. The nurse should call the physical and obtain an order for an in
Quickening In a breech position, because of the space between the presenting part and the cervix, prolap
Partially flexed With a face presentation, the head is completely extended. With a vertex presentation, the he
Arrange for a staff member of the anesthesia department to explain what to expect postoperatively
A key point to consider when preparing the client for a cesarean delivery is to modify the preo
Peanut butter cookies In some birth settings, intravenous therapy is not used with low-risk clients. Thus, clients in ea
“Do you have any chronic ill When obtaining the history of a patient who may be in labor, the nurse’s highest priority is to d
Every 60 minutes During the second stage of labor, the nurse should assess the strength, frequency, and duratio
Symphysis pubis The ischial spines are located in the mid-pelvic region and could be narrowed due to the previ
PROM is associated with malPROM can precipitate many potential and actual problems; one of the most serious is the fetu
Placing the client in bed to b This question requires an understanding of station as part of the intrapartal assessment proce
1 cm below the ischial spines
Maternal vital sign The signs indicate placenta previa and vaginal exam to determine cervical dilation would not b
Call the assessment data to tThe first 15 minutes to 1 hour after birth is the first period of reactivity involving respiratory an
Prepared childbirth was the direct result of the 1950’s challenging of the routine use of analge
Labor, delivery, recovery, po routine use of analgesics and anesthetics during childbirth. Roles for nurse midwives and clinic
Explain the surgery, expecte A key point to consider when preparing the client for a cesarean delivery is to modify the preo
Sometimes referred to as "BrUterine contraction: The tightening and shortening of the uterine muscles. During labor, contr
The process during which thLabor: Childbirth,during which the uterus contracts and the cervix opens for delivering a baby
The dilation of the cervix Parity dfined as the number of times a female has carried the pregnancies to a viable gestation
Ovary Oxytocin is produced in the hypothalamus and is secreted into the bloodstream by the posteri
1:16 The ability of the fetus to grow and thrive in utero depends on the placental function and the
3 Arteries and no veins umbilical cords have one vein and two arteries. The vein carries oxygenated blood from the pl
VLBW (Very Low Birth WeightThis baby has a birth weight less than 1000 g and is therefore ELBW.
MCTA These twins are different sexes and therefore must have come from two eggs and two sacs. IF
 y begins prior to the the onset of labor contractions and is necessary for cervical dilation and passage of the fetus.

l factors involving the fetus (passenger), uterus (powers), pelvis (passage), or psyche.

spines. The baby is said to be "engaged" when the largest part of the head has entered the pelvis.
puts the baby in position,causes decent, cervical dilation and effacement.
ctions will last about 60 seconds at intervals of 3-5 minutes of rest in between.
of the contraction and the minutes in between the contractions (called the interval).

ervix is opening and your baby is moving down the birth canal. The second stage is when your baby is being born and the third stage is
trition, maternal age, and Improper or inadequate prenatal care of the mother.
ly dilated to 10 cm. The period after the cervix is dilated to 10 cm until the baby is delivered.
used in the Lamaze method of childbirth"
s out through the birth canal Maternal bearing down is considered the secondary power/force that will help push the fetus out.
acenta. If the shiny portion comes out first, it is called the Schultze mechanism; while if the meaty portion comes out first, it is called th
will not be delivered safely if the cord is coiled around its neck. Wiping of the face should be done seconds after you have ensured tha
uring a contraction because of the compression on the fetal head. However, the heart rate should go back to the pre-contraction rate a
ake the cervix close. If it is given prior to placental delivery, the placenta will be trapped inside because the action of the drug is almost
Code and any person who performs the act for a fee commits a grave offense punishable by 10-12 years of imprisonment.
gauze wet with sterile NSS. Observe strict asepsis in the care of the cord to prevent infection. The cord has to be kept moist to prevent
olume to accommodate the need of the fetus. When the baby and placenta have been delivered, there is a fluid shift back to the mater
tion, the multigravida may have about 8 hours labor while the primigravida may have up to 12 hours labor.
e by the nurse by support the perineum with a sterile towel and pushing the perineum downard with one hand while the other hand is
of the baby. If it takes longer, probably the placenta is abnormally adherent and there is a need to refer already to the obstetrician.
senting part. If it is only the foot/feet, it is considered footling. If only the buttocks, it is frank breech. If both the feet and the buttocks
and delivery of the fetus because there was little time for the baby to adapt to the passageway. If the presentation is cephalic, the feta
re already well established so that it will not cause stoppage of the contraction thus protracting labor. Also, it should be given when de
ge. If the fundus is soft and boundaries not well defined, the cause of the hemorrhage could be uterine atony.
which is longer than any diameter of the inlet so there is no mechanism of labour and labour is obstructed.
mmon injury sustained by newborns during birth. A clavicle fracture is a break in the collar bone and occurs as a result of a difficult deliv
mpletely and ends with the birth of the neonate.
e result of decreased blood flow and oxygen to the fetus during the uterine contractions. This causes hypoxemia; therefore oxygen is n
of 180 beats per minute could indicate fetal distress and would warrant physician notification. By full term. a normal maternal hemoglo
uterus impedes blood return from the lower trunk and extremities. This leads to decreasing cardiac return. cardiac output. and blood fl
r carotid pulse and auscultate the fetal heart rate to differentiate the two. If the fetal and maternal heart rates are similar. the nurse ma
r variable decelerations indicate fetal distress and the need to discontinue to Pitocin. The goal of labor augmentation is to achieve thre
d during an IV infusion of Pitocin.
adycardia between contractions may indicate the need for immediate medical management. and the physician or nurse-midwife needs
t often accompany contractions or are caused by fetal movement. Episodic accelerations are thought to be a sign of fetal-well being an
ormal variations of the baseline rate will be identified if they occur. Options 1 and 3 are important to assess. but not as the first priority
us the nurse’s initial action involves placing the client on bed rest and then placing the client in a knee-chest position or lowering the h
with cervical dilation before 36 weeks' gestation or rupture of fluids indicates preterm labor.

ng the second
mbilical stage would
cord, which of labor. Duringblood
prevent the first stage
flow. of labor,
Calling cervical dilation
the physician and and
or midwife, effacement occur.
arranging During
for blood the thirdare
sampling stage of labor, the
IMPORTANT, butnt
he cardinal movement of external rotation occurs. Descent flexion, internal rotation, extension, and restitution (in this order) occur bef
. In addition, true labor contractions occur at regular intervals, usually starting in the back and sweeping around to the abdomen. The i

of the newborn, the nurse would promote parent-newborn interaction by placing the newborn on the mother’s abdomen and encoura
 tomy is performed, the umbilical cord may be washed down below the presenting part and cause umbilical cord compression, which w
eeks’ gestation and before 37 weeks’ gestation. The other time periods are inaccurate.
k. Therefore, the priority is to prevent and limit hypovolemic shock. Immediate steps should include giving oxygen, replacing lost fluids,
e induction of labor may result in tetanic contractions prolonged to more than 90seconds, which could lead to such complications as fe
n delivery is to modify the preoperative teaching to meet the needs of either planned or emergency cesarean birth, the depth and bre
ation and the external sphincter of the rectum. Options B, C and D are under the second degree laceration.
he fetus on bed, not on the woman and allows good circulation in the lower extremities.
al and obtain an order for an infusion of oxytocin, which will assist the uterus to contact more forcefully in an attempt to dilate the cer
nting part and the cervix, prolapse of the umbilical cord is common. Quickening is the woman’s first perception of fetal movement. Oph
th a vertex presentation, the head is completely or partially flexed. With a brow (forehead) presentation, the head would be partially e
n delivery is to modify the preoperative teaching to meet the needs of either a planned or emergency cesarean birth, the depth and b
w-risk clients. Thus, clients in early labor are encouraged to eat healthy snacks and drink fluid to avoid dehydration. Yogurt, which is an
he nurse’s highest priority is to determine her current status, particularly her due date, gravidity, and parity. Gravidity and parity affect
trength, frequency, and duration of contraction every 15 minutes. If maternal or fetal problems are detected, more frequent monitorin
d be narrowed due to the previous pelvic injury. The symphysis pubis, sacral promontory, and pubic arch are not part of the mid-pelvis
e of the most serious is the fetus loss of an effective defense against infection. This is the client’s most immediate need at this time. Typ
he intrapartal assessment process. Based on the client’s assessment findings, this client is ready for delivery, which is the nurse’s top pri

ne cervical dilation would not be done because it could cause hemorrhage. Assessing maternal vital signs can help determine materna
eactivity involving respiratory and circulatory adaptation to extrauterine life. The data given reflect the normal changes during this time
ging of the routine use of analgesic and anesthetics during childbirth. The LDRP was a much later concept and was not a direct result of
es for nurse midwives and clinical nurse specialists did not develop from this challenge.
n delivery is to modify the preoperative teaching to meet the needs of either a planned or emergency cesarean birth, the depth and b
ne muscles. During labor, contractions accomplish two things: (1) they cause the cervix to thin and dilate (open); and (2) they help the
rvix opens for delivering a baby and the placenta, membranes, and umbilical cord from the uterus to the vagina to the outside world. D
pregnancies to a viable gestational age.
the bloodstream by the posterior pituitary gland. Secretion depends on electrical activity of neurons in the hypothalamus
the placental function and the average weight of the placenta at term is 508 g. The ratio between placenta weight and birth weight of
s oxygenated blood from the placenta to the baby and the arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the baby to the placenta.

from two eggs and two sacs. IF they were the same sex they had approximately a 1 in 4 chance of being identical, despite there being
g born and the third stage is when the placenta is delivered.

lp push the fetus out.

comes out first, it is called the Duncan mechanism.
s after you have ensured that there is no cord coil but suctioning of the nose should be done after the mouth because the baby is a “na
to the pre-contraction rate as soon as the contraction is over since the compression on the head has also ended.
e action of the drug is almost immediate if given parentally.
f imprisonment.
s to be kept moist to prevent it from drying. Don’t attempt to put back the cord into the vagina but relieve pressure on the cord by positi
a fluid shift back to the maternal circulation as part of physiologic adaptation during the postpartum period. In cesarean section, the flu

hand while the other hand is supporting the baby’s head as it goes out of the vaginal opening.
eady to the obstetrician.
h the feet and the buttocks are presenting it is called complete breech.
sentation is cephalic, the fetal head serves as the main part of the fetus that pushes through the birth canal which can lead to cranial h
, it should be given when delivery of fetus is imminent or too close because the fetus may suffer respiratory depression as an effect of t

as a result of a difficult delivery or trauma at birth.

xemia; therefore oxygen is necessary.Option A: The supine position is avoided because it decreases uterine blood flow to the fetus. The
. a normal maternal hemoglobin range is 11-13 g/dL as a result of the hemodilution caused by an increase in plasma volume during pre
. cardiac output. and blood flow to the uterus and the fetus. The best position to prevent this would be side-lying with the uterus displ
ates are similar. the nurse may mistake the maternal heart rate for the fetal heart rate. Leopold’s maneuvers may help the examiner loc
mentation is to achieve three good-quality contractions in a 10-minute period.

cian or nurse-midwife needs to be notified.

a sign of fetal-well being and adequate oxygen reserve.
s. but not as the first priority.
st position or lowering the head of the bed, and elevating the maternal hips on a pillow to minimize the pressure on the cord. Monitori

he thirdare
mpling stage of labor, the
IMPORTANT, butnewborn
they haveand placenta
a lower are delivered.
priority The
than getting fourth
the babystage ofcord.
off the labor lasts from 1 to 4 hours after birth, during whi
ution (in this order) occur before external rotation.
ound to the abdomen. The interval of

her’s abdomen and encouraging the parents to touch the newborn. Collecting a urine specimen and other laboratory tests is done on a
 l cord compression, which would indicate by vitiable deceleration on the fetal heart tracing.

oxygen, replacing lost fluids, providing drug therapy as needed, evaluating fetal responses and preparing for surgery. Obtaining blood s
d to such complications as fetal distress, abruptio placentae, amniotic fluid embolism, laceration of the cervix, and uterine rupture. We
ean birth, the depth and breadth of instruction will depend on circumstances and time available.

an attempt to dilate the cervix. Administering light sedative would be done for hypertonic uterine contractions. Preparing for cesarean
tion of fetal movement. Ophthalmia neonatorum usually results from maternal gonorrhea and is conjunctivitis. Pica refers to the oral in
he head would be partially extended.
arean birth, the depth and breadth of instruction will depend on circumstances and time available. Allowing the mother’s support pers
dration. Yogurt, which is an excellent source of calcium and riboflavin, is soft and easily digested. During pregnancy, gastric emptying ti
y. Gravidity and parity affect the duration of labor and the potential for labor complications. Later, the nurse should ask about chronic il
ed, more frequent monitoring is necessary. An interval of 30 to 60 minutes between assessments is too long because of variations in th
re not part of the mid-pelvis.
mediate need at this time. Typically, PROM occurs about 1 hour, not 4 hours, before labor begins. Fetal viability and gestational age are l
y, which is the nurse’s top priority. Placing the client in bed, checking for ruptured membranes, and providing comfort measures could b

can help determine maternal physiologic status. Fetal heart rate is important to assess fetal well-being and should be done. Monitoring
mal changes during this time period. The infant’s assessment data reflect normal adaptation. Thus, the physician does not need to be n
nd was not a direct result of the challenging of

arean birth, the depth and breadth of instruction will depend on circumstances and time available. Allowing the mother’s support pers
open); and (2) they help the baby to descend into the birth canal.
agina to the outside world. During the first stage of labor (which is called dilation), the cervix dilates fully to a diameter of about 10 cm

e hypothalamus
a weight and birth weight of the newborn is 1:6.
by to the placenta.

entical, despite there being two placentas.

uth because the baby is a “nasal obligate” breather. If the nose is suctioned first before the mouth, the mucus plugging the mouth can b

pressure on the cord by positioning the mother either on trendellenberg or sims position
. In cesarean section, the fluid shift occurs faster because the placenta is taken out right after the baby is delivered giving it less time fo

l which can lead to cranial hematoma, and possible compression of cord may occur which can lead to less blood and oxygen to the fetu
y depression as an effect of the drug that can pass through placental barrier.

e blood flow to the fetus. The client should be turned to her side to displace pressure of the gravid uterus on the inferior vena cava. An
in plasma volume during pregnancy.
e-lying with the uterus displaced off of abdominal vessels. Positioning for abdominal surgery necessitates a supine position; however. a
s may help the examiner locate the position of the fetus but will not ensure a distinction between the two rates.

essure on the cord. Monitoring maternal vital signs and FHR, notifying the physician and preparing the client for delivery, and wrapping

hours after birth, during which time the mother and newborn recover from the physical process of birth and the mother’s organs unde

laboratory tests is done on admission during the first stage of labor. Assessing uterine contractions every 30 minutes is performed duri
or surgery. Obtaining blood specimens, instituting complete bed rest, and inserting a urinary catheter are necessary in preparation for s
vix, and uterine rupture. Weak contractions would not occur. Pain, bright red vaginal bleeding, and increased restlessness and anxiety a

tions. Preparing for cesarean section is unnecessary at this time. Oxytocin would increase the uterine contractions and hopefully progre
vitis. Pica refers to the oral intake of nonfood substances

g the mother’s support person to remain with her as much as possible is an important concept, although doing so depends on many va
regnancy, gastric emptying time is delayed. In most hospital settings, clients are allowed only ice chips or clear liquids.
e should ask about chronic illness, allergies, and support persons.
g because of variations in the length and duration of patient’s labor.

lity and gestational age are less immediate considerations that affect the plan of care. Malpresentation and an incompetent cervix may
ng comfort measures could be done, but the priority here is immediate delivery.

should be done. Monitoring the contractions will help evaluate the progress of labor.
sician does not need to be notified and oxygen is not needed. The data do not indicate the presence of choking, gagging or coughing, w

g the mother’s support person to remain with her as much as possible is an important concept, although doing so depends on many va

o a diameter of about 10 cm (2 inches).

 us plugging the mouth can be aspirated by the baby.

elivered giving it less time for the fluid shift to gradually occur.

blood and oxygen to the fetus (hypoxia). Likewise the maternal passageway (cervix, vaginal canal and perineum) did not have enough ti

on the inferior vena cava. An intravenous Pitocin infusion is discontinued when a late deceleration is noted.

a supine position; however. a wedge placed under the right hip provides displacement of the uterus.

nt for delivery, and wrapping the cord with sterile saline soaked warm gauze are important. But these actions have no effect on minimiz

nd the mother’s organs undergo the initial readjustment to the nonpregnant state.

30 minutes is performed during the latent phase of the first stage of labor. Coaching the client to push effectively is appropriate during t
ecessary in preparation for surgery to remedy the rupture.
ed restlessness and anxiety are not associated with hyperstimulation.

ractions and hopefully progress labor before a cesarean would be necessary. It is too early to anticipate client pushing with contractions

doing so depends on many variables. Arranging for necessary explanations by various staff members to be involved with the client’s car
ear liquids.

d an incompetent cervix may be causes of PROM.

oking, gagging or coughing, which are signs of excessive secretions. Suctioning is not necessary.

doing so depends on many variables. Arranging for necessary explanations by various staff members to be involved with the client’s car
neum) did not have enough time to stretch which can lead to laceration.

ns have no effect on minimizing the pressure on the cord.

ctively is appropriate during the second stage of labor.

ent pushing with contractions.

nvolved with the client’s care is a nursing responsibility. The nurse is responsible for reinforcing the explanations about the surgery, exp

nvolved with the client’s care is a nursing responsibility. The nurse is responsible for reinforcing the explanations about the surgery, exp
ations about the surgery, expected outcome, and type of anesthetic to be used. The obstetrician is responsible for explaining about the

ations about the surgery, expected outcome, and type of anesthetic to be used. The obstetrician is responsible for explaining about the
ible for explaining about the surgery and outcome and the anesthesiology staff is responsible for explanations about the type of anesth

ible for explaining about the surgery and outcome and the anesthesiology staff is responsible for explanations about the type of anesth
ons about the type of anesthesia to be used.

ons about the type of anesthesia to be used.

Category Question Correct Wrong 1 Wrong 2
Postpartum Postpartum depressionWithin weeks after Within 12 weeks Within 16 weeks
Postpartum Fever, foul lochial dis Puerperal sepsis Puerperal psychosis Postpartum hemorrh
Postpartum Erica gave birth to a t Low serum bilirubinO2 level of 99% Normal RBC and WBC
Postpartum Types of lochia 3 types 2 types 6 types
Postpartum Which of the followin All of the above Retained Placenta Coagulapathy
Postpartum What is the definitio Loss of >500ml of blLoss of >500ml of blLoss of >200ml of blo
Postpartum The period of puerperi6 weeks 3 weeks 5 weeks
Postpartum Which is the first dis Lochia Rubra Lochia serosa Lochia alba
Postpartum Breast feeding should Half an hour to one 4 hours 12 hours
Postpartum Breast feeding should 1-2 hours 12 hours 24 hours
A doula is: Someone who caresDai f A trained nurse-midwi
Which is the most impProlactin Estrogen Progesterone
The milk made by the bo Colostrum Lactose Acidophilus
How can you tell if yo All of the above Your baby has at leaYour baby has severa
How many extra calorie 500 100 1000
Jaundice due to Rh inc24 hours 50 hours 72 hours
The maximum capacity500 o ml 200 ml 600ml
A nurse is administerinVastus laterali Gluteus minimus Vastus medialis
Which type of fractur Clavicular Humoral Femoral
Which of the followingPlacing the newbornSuctioning with a buObtaining an Apgar s
The mother asks the nu“A decrease in mate “The tissue has hype“A decrease in material hormones present b
Which of the followingUric acid crystals Mucus Bilirubin
Which of the following situations would alert you to a potentially developmental problem with a child?
Saying “mama” or “da Pointing to body parUsing gesture to com
During the first hours To promote uterine To promote analgesiTo facilitate eliminati
Sensory stimulation including several senses at a time
Which of the followingKangaroo care Tactile stimulation unto the umbilicus and m
Before assessing the postpartum client’s uterus for firmness and position in relation
Assist her to urinateAmbulate her in the Administer analgesia
The incidence of allergies increases due to m
Which of the following Involution occurs moMore than 300 ml
Which of the followingMore than 500 ml More than 200 ml
Which change would the Lactation Lochia Uterine involution
Which of the followingThe baby’s lips smacThe attachment of thThe mother’s comfort level with positioning
Following a precipitousInstructing the clie Instructing the clien Applying cold to limit
Which is true regarding the fontanels of the newborn?
The anterior is larg The anterior is triangular
The anterior
shaped;isthe
bulgin
posterior is diamond shape
Nurse Luis is assessin 100 beats per minut80 beats per minute120 beats per minute
The postterm neonate RespiratIntegument
w Elimination problemGastrointestinal problems
A newborn who has anFractured
a clavicle Talipes equinovarus Congenital hypothyro
The amniotic fluid of a Meconium
should the nurse doVernix Hydramnio
Which of the following when a primipara who is lactating tells the nurse that she has so
Tell her to breast f Administer a narcotiEncourage her to wear
The nurse hears
A postpartum a mothe
primipara ‘Alcohol helps
asks the it dry
nurse, Daily can
“When soapweand water
have “An antibiotic
sexual intercourseointmen
again?” Which of the follow
“When the discharge“After your 6 weeks “Anytime you both wa
A newborn
The weighingthe
nurse assesses 300
3postpartum
ounces vaginal2discharge
ounces (lochia) on 4 ounces
four clients. Which of the following assessm
A bright red dischargAlmost colorless to A pinkoxygen
Start to brownish di cannula at 2 L/min.
per nasal
Immediately after birthRecognize this as norS uction the infant’s
When preparing a woman who is 2 days postpartum for discharge, recommendations for which of the follow
Diaphragm Female condom Oral contraceptives
When preparing to admin Vastus lateralis muscGluteus maximus muAnterior femoris muscle
 The client should avoid contact with children
When preparing a teachiPregnancy should be The
Prevent uterine inversion vaccine prevents
While assessing a prim Promote uterine invHasten the puerperiu
A postpartum client has a temperature of 1Breasts
The nurse assesses the vital signs of a client, Incision
4 hours’ postpartum that are as follows: BP 90/60; temperatur
Determine the amoun Assess the uterus foRecheck the blood
Which of the following is the priority focus of nursing practice with the current prepostpartum discharge?
early
Facilitating safe and Promoting comfort an Exploring the emotiona
Which one of the follo A Lower social class.Improved antenatal Improved maternal he
Which one of the followDiscussing the imporA Classification of a Evaluation of factors
Which one of the follo Female sex of fetus.A Multiple pregnanc
 Wrong 3 Rationale
Within 24 hours Onset of PPD is typically between one week and one month following childbirth.
Hypertensive disorder Puerperal sepsis is an infection of the genital tract occuring at any time between the onset of ruptu
Low platelet count Phototherapy is the most common treatment for reducing high bilirubin levels that causes jaundice
5 types There are 3 types of lochia- Lochia rubra, Lochia serosa, Lochia alba.
Uterine atony All of the above are potential causes of PPH with uterine atony been the most common. Coagulopa
Loss of >200ml of blood fro Primary postpartum haemorrhage is defined as a loss of blood >500ml from the vagina within 24 h
2 months The period of about six weeks after childbirth during which the mother's reproductive organs retur
None of the above Lochia rubra (or cruenta) is the first discharge, Composed of blood, shreds of fetal membranes, dec
24 hours Breastfeeding should ideally start within Half an hour to one hour after your baby is born. A baby i
10 hours Initiation of breastfeeding after 1-2 cesarean section is recommended.
Someone who provides house A doula also known as a birth companion, birth coach or post-birth supporter, is a non-medical per
Insulin A hormone called Prolactin secreted by the pituitary gland in the brain is responsible for the alveol
None of the above Colostrum: A sticky white or yellow fluid secreted by the breasts during the second half of pregnan
Your baby steadily gains weiAll of the above are the right answers
450 women who are breastfeeding need about 500 calories more than moms who aren't
7 day Jaundice, or yellow coloring of amniotic fluid, umbilical cord, skin, and eyes may be present. The ba
1000 ml The obstetrical balloon is a 24 French, 54 cm-long, silicone catheter with a filling capacity of 500 m
Gluteus maximus Vastus lateralis is the most appropriate location.
Mandible Clavicle, also known as collar bone, fractures are the most common injury sustained by newborns d
Inspecting the newborn’s um The newborn’s ability to regulate body temperature is poor. Therefore, placing the newborn under
The breast tissue is inflam The presence of excessive estrogen and progesterone in the maternal-fetal blood followed by prom
Excess iron Uric acid crystals in the urine may produce the reddish “brick dust” stain on the diaper. Mucus wou
Cooing at 3 months. A child should say “mama” or “dada” during 10 to 12 months of age. Options A, B and C are all nor
To prevent infection Oxytocin is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that produces intermittent uterine contracti
An attitude of extension when prone or side lying
Kangaroo care is the use of skin-to-skin contact to maintain body heat. This method of care not onl
Assess the vital signs Before uterine assessment is performed, it is essential that the woman empty her bladder. A full bl
There is a greater chance foWith breast feeding, the father’s body is not capable of providing the milk for the newborn, which
More than 400 ml
Postpartum hemorrhage is defined as blood loss of more than 500 ml following birth. Any amount
Diuresis Lactation is an example of a progressive physiological change that occurs during the postpartum pe
Audible swallowing. Assessing the attachment process for breast-feeding should include all of the answers except the sm
Instructing the client about Using two or more peripads would do little to reduce the pain or promote perineal healing. Cold ap
The anterior
The posterior closes at 18 months; fontanel
the anterior is larger
closes at 8in
tosize than the posterior fontanel. Additionally, the anterior fontane
12 months.
140 beats per minute The normal heart rate for a newborn that is sleeping is approximately 100 beats per minute. If the
Integumentary problems Intrauterine anoxia may cause relaxation of the anal sphincter and emptying of meconium into the
Increased intracranial press A fractured clavicle would prevent the normal Moro response of symmetrical sequential extension
Lanugo The greenish tint is due to the presence of meconium. Lanugo is the soft, downy hair on the should
Use soap and water to cleanFeeding more frequently, about every 2 hours, will decrease the infant’s frantic, vigorous sucking fr
“He can have a tub bath eacApplication of 70% isopropyl alcohol to the cord minimizes microorganisms (germicidal) and promo
“As soon as choose a contraCessation of the lochial discharge signifies healing of the endometrium. Risk of hemorrhage and in
6 ounces To determine the amount of formula needed, do the following mathematical calculation. 3 kg x 120
A dark red discharge on a 2
Call the assessment data to the physician’s attention
The first 15 minutes to 1 hour after birth is the first period of reactivity involving respiratory and cir
Rhythm method The diaphragm must be fitted individually to ensure effectiveness. Because of the changes to the re
Deltoid muscle The middle third of the vastus lateralis is the preferred injection site for vitamin K administration be
The injection will provide immunity
After administration
against the 7-day
of rubella
measles.
vaccine, the client should be instructed to avoid pregnancy for at lea
Determine the size of the f Using both hands to assess the fundus is useful for the prevention of uterine inversion.
Urine The datathready
suggestspulse
an infection
A weak, elevatedoftothe
100endometrial lining ofimpending
BPM may indicate the uterus.hemorrhagic
The lochia may be An
shock. decreased
increa
Report the temperature to tcheck the extent of vaginal bleeding first. Then it would be appropriate to check the uterus, which
Teaching about the importanBecause of early postpartum discharge and limited time for teaching, the nurse’s priority is to facili
Improved maternal health. Lower social class significantly increases the risk of perinatal mortality
Feedback of recommendations Although a Perinatal Mortality Committee will look at autopsy results as part of their role, they are
Maternal age <20 years. Females have a slightly lower rate of perinatal mortality. All the other factors are known to increase
etween the onset of rupture of membranes on labour , and the 42nd day postpartum in which fever, foul lochial discharge and subinvolutio
evels that causes jaundice in a newborn.

most common. Coagulopathy is a rare cause, accounting around 1% of PPH.

om the vagina within 24 hours of delivery. If the blood loss is between 500-1000ml it is defined as a minor PPH. If the blood loss is more th
reproductive organs return to their original non-pregnant condition.
s of fetal membranes, decidua, vernix caseosa, lanugo and membranes. It is red in color because of the large amount of blood it contains. I
our baby is born. A baby is usually alert after birth and will spontaneously seek the breast if left undisturbed in skin-to-skin contact with th

orter, is a non-medical person who assists a woman before, during, or after childbirth, to provide emotional support and physical help if nee
responsible for the alveoli making milk. Prolactin rises when the baby suckles.
he second half of pregnancy and for a few days after birth, before breast milk comes in. It is high in protective antibodies that boost the new

who aren't
es may be present. The baby may not look yellow immediately after birth, but jaundice can develop quickly, usually within 24 hours.
a filling capacity of 500 mL. The device is used for the temporary control and reduction of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).

y sustained by newborns during birth. A clavicle fracture is a break in the collar bone and occurs as a result of a difficult delivery or trauma
acing the newborn under a radiant warmer aids in maintaining his or her body temperature. Suctioning with a bulb syringe helps maintain
al blood followed by prompt withdrawal at birth precipitates breast engorgement, which will spontaneously resolve in 4 to 5 days after birt
on the diaper. Mucus would not produce a stain. Bilirubin and iron are from hepatic adaptation.
tions A, B and C are all normal assessments of language development of a child.
ermittent uterine contractions, helping to promote uterine involution.
his method of care not only supplies heat but also encourages parent-child interaction.
mpty her bladder. A full bladder will interfere with the accuracy of the assessment by elevating the uterus and displacing to the side of the
k for the newborn, which may interfere with feeding the newborn, providing fewer chances for bonding, or he may be jealous of the infant
owing birth. Any amount less than this not considered postpartum hemorrhage.
during the postpartum period.
the answers except the smacking of lips. A baby who’s smacking his lips isn’t well attached and can injure the mother’s nipples.
e perineal healing. Cold applications, sitz baths, and Kegel exercises are important measures when the client has a fourth-degree laceration
nally, the anterior fontanel, which is diamond shaped closes at 18 month, whereas the posterior fontanel, which is triangular in shape close
0 beats per minute. If the newborn was awake, the normal heart rate would range from 120 to 160 beats per minute.
ing of meconium into the amniotic fluid. At birth some of the meconium fluid may be aspirated, causing mechanical obstruction or chemic
rical sequential extension and abduction of the arms followed by flexion and adduction. In talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) the foot is turned
downy hair on the shoulders and back of the fetus. Hydramnios represents excessive amniotic fluid. Vernix is the white, cheesy substance
rantic, vigorous sucking from hunger and will decrease breast engorgement, soften the breast, and promote ease of correct latching-on for
ms (germicidal) and promotes drying. The cord should be kept dry until it falls off and the stump has healed. Antibiotic ointment should onl
Risk of hemorrhage and infection are minimal 3 weeks after a normal vaginal delivery. Telling the client anytime is inappropriate because th
tical calculation. 3 kg x 120 cal/kg per day = 360 calories/day feeding q 4 hours = 6 feedings per day = 60 calories per feeding: 60 calories pe

volving respiratory and circulatory adaptation to extrauterine life. The data given reflect the normal changes during this time period. The in
se of the changes to the reproductive structures during pregnancy and following delivery, the diaphragm must be refitted, usually at the 6 w
itamin K administration because it is free of blood vessels and nerves and is large enough to absorb the medication. The deltoid muscle of
 avoid pregnancy for at least 3 months to prevent the possibility of the vaccine’s toxic effects to the fetus.
rine inversion.
eorrhagic
lochia may be An
shock. decreased
increased or pulse
copious,
is adark brown in appearance,
compensatory mechanism and foul
of the smelling,
body providing
in response further evidence
to decreased of a possible
fluid volume. infection.
Thus, the All
nurse shou
o check the uterus, which may be a possible cause of the hemorrhage.
nurse’s priority is to facilitate the safe and effective care of the client and newborn. Although promoting comfort and restoration of health

part of their role, they are not directly responsible for discussing autopsy and obtaining consent from parents; this remains the job of the tr
tors are known to increase the perinatal mortality rate.
 ochial discharge and subinvolution of the uterus is present.

PPH. If the blood loss is more than 1000ml it is defined as a major PPH.

ge amount of blood it contains. It typically lasts no longer than 3 to 5 days after birth.
ed in skin-to-skin contact with their mother's body.

l support and physical help if needed.

tive antibodies that boost the newborn's immune system.

y, usually within 24 hours.

morrhage (PPH).

of a difficult delivery or trauma at birth.

th a bulb syringe helps maintain a patent airway. Obtaining an Apgar score measures the newborn’s immediate adjustment to extrauterine
y resolve in 4 to 5 days after birth. The trauma of the birth process does not cause inflammation of the newborn’s breast tissue. Newborns

and displacing to the side of the midline. Vital sign assessment is not necessary unless an abnormality in uterine assessment is identified. U
r he may be jealous of the infant’s demands on his wife’s time and body. Breast feeding is advantageous because uterine involution occurs

the mother’s nipples.

nt has a fourth-degree laceration
which is triangular in shape closes at 8 to 12 weeks. Neither fontanel should appear bulging, which may indicate increases ICP or sunken, w

mechanical obstruction or chemical pneumonitis. The infant is not at increased risk for gastrointestinal problems. Even though the skin is sta
arus (clubfoot) the foot is turned medially, and in plantar flexion, with the heel elevated. The feet are not involved with the Moro reflex. Hy
x is the white, cheesy substance covering the fetus.
te ease of correct latching-on for feeding. Narcotics administered prior to breast feeding are passed through the breast milk to the infant, c
. Antibiotic ointment should only be used to treat an infection, not as a prophylaxis. Infants should not be submerged in a tub of water unti
time is inappropriate because this response does not provide the client with the specific information she is requesting. Choice of a contrace
lories per feeding: 60 calories per feeding; 60 calories per feeding with formula 20 cal/oz = 3 ounces per feeding. Based on the calculation.

es during this time period. The infant’s assessment data reflect normal adaptation. Thus, the physician does not need to be notified and oxy
must be refitted, usually at the 6 weeks’ examination following childbirth or after a weight loss of 15 lbs or more. In addition, for maximum e
edication. The deltoid muscle of a newborn is not large enough for a newborn IM injection. Injections into this muscle in a small child migh
 ence
uid of a possible
volume. infection.
Thus, the All thecheck
nurse should client’s
thedata indicate
amount a uterine
of lochia problem,
present. not a breast
Temperatures upproblem. Typically,
to 100.48F transient
in the first fever,
24 hours usually
after birth 101ºF,
are relam

omfort and restoration of health, exploring the family’s emotional status, and teaching about family planning are important in postpartum/

nts; this remains the job of the treating clinicians.

diate adjustment to extrauterine life. Inspecting the umbilical cord aids in detecting cord anomalies.
wborn’s breast tissue. Newborns do not have breast malignancy. This reply by the nurse would cause the mother to have undue anxiety. Br

erine assessment is identified. Uterine assessment should not cause acute pain that requires administration of analgesia. Ambulating the c
cause uterine involution occurs more rapidly, thus minimizing blood loss. The presence of maternal antibodies in breast milk helps decreas

dicate increases ICP or sunken, which may indicate hydration.

lems. Even though the skin is stained with meconium, it is noninfectious (sterile) and nonirritating. The postterm meconium-stained infant
nvolved with the Moro reflex. Hypothyroiddism has no effect on the primitive reflexes. Absence of the Moror reflex is the most significant s

h the breast milk to the infant, causing excessive sleepiness. Nipple soreness is not severe enough to warrant narcotic analgesia. All postpa
submerged in a tub of water until the cord falls off and the stump has completely healed.
requesting. Choice of a contraceptive method is important, but not the specific criteria for safe resumption of sexual activity. Culturally, th
eding. Based on the calculation. 2, 4 or 6 ounces are incorrect.

s not need to be notified and oxygen is not needed. The data do not indicate the presence of choking, gagging or coughing, which are signs
more. In addition, for maximum effectiveness, spermicidal jelly should be placed in the dome and around the rim. However, spermicidal jell
this muscle in a small child might cause damage to the radial nerve. The anterior femoris muscle is the next safest muscle to use in a newbo
y,first
transient fever,
24 hours usually
after birth 101ºF, may be
are related present
to the with breast
dehydrating engorgement.
effects of labor andSymptoms of mastitis
are considered normal.include influenza-like
Although recheckingmanifestations. Loca
the blood pressur

ng are important in postpartum/newborn nursing care, they are not the priority focus in the limited time presented by early post-partum d
mother to have undue anxiety. Breast tissue does not hypertrophy in the fetus or newborns.

n of analgesia. Ambulating the client is an essential component of postpartum care, but is not necessary prior to assessment of the uterus
dies in breast milk helps decrease the incidence of allergies in the newborn. A greater chance for error is associated with bottle feeding. No

tterm meconium-stained infant is not at additional risk for bowel or urinary problems.
or reflex is the most significant single indicator of central nervous system status, but it is not a sign of increased intracranial pressure.

ant narcotic analgesia. All postpartum clients, especially lactating mothers, should wear a supportive brassiere with wide cotton straps. This

n of sexual activity. Culturally, the 6-weeks’ examination has been used as the time frame for resuming sexual activity, but it may be resum

ging or coughing, which are signs of excessive secretions. Suctioning is not necessary.
he rim. However, spermicidal jelly should not be inserted into the vagina until involution is completed at approximately 6 weeks. Use of a fe
t safest muscle to use in a newborn but is not the safest.
fluenza-like
gh recheckingmanifestations. Localized
the blood pressure mayinfection of anchoice
be a correct episiotomy or C-section
of action, incision
it is not the rarely causes
first action systemic
that should symptoms, and
be implemented uterine
in light involuti
of the othe

resented by early post-partum discharge.

rior to assessment of the uterus.
ssociated with bottle feeding. No preparation is required for breast feeding.

ased intracranial pressure.

ere with wide cotton straps. This does not, however, prevent or reduce nipple soreness. Soaps are drying to the skin of the nipples and sho

ual activity, but it may be resumed earlier.

proximately 6 weeks. Use of a female condom protects thereproductive system from the introduction of semen or spermicides into the va
cimplemented
symptoms, and uterine
in light involution
of the would
other data. Thenot be indicate
data affected.a The client impending
potential data do nothemorrhage.
include dysuria, frequency,
Assessing or urgency,
the uterus symptoms
for firmness and of urina
positio
o the skin of the nipples and should not be used on the breasts of lactating mothers. Dry nipple skin predisposes to cracks and fissures, wh

emen or spermicides into the vagina and may be used after childbirth. Oral contraceptives may be started within the first postpartum week
ey,uterus
or urgency, symptoms
for firmness and of urinaryintract
position infections,
relation which would
to the umbilicus andnecessitate assessing the
midline is important, butclient’s urine.
the nurse should
poses to cracks and fissures, which can become sore and painful.

within the first postpartum week to ensure suppression of ovulation . For the couple who has determined the female’s fertile period, using
the female’s fertile period, using the rhythm method, avoidance of intercourse during this period, is safe and effective.
nd effective.
Category Question Correct Wrong 1
Family plannng A woman using diaphr
6 hours 1 hour
Family plannng What do male condom All of the above Least chance of failure
Family plannng Besides the condom,Diaphragm Withdrawal
Family plannng Which of these is a pAll of the above Nausea
Family plannng How long is the vagin 3 weeks 1 week
Family plannng Which of these methVasectomy Oral pills
Family plannng Which of the followWhich of the following metA monophasic combined c
Family plannng Which of the followiIUD Male Condom
Family plannng What is the spontane 5% 15%
Family plannng Which of the followicondom Oral pills
A couple who wantsSelf-esteem
t
Condoms disturbance rela
Fear related to the unk
Spermicides
When teaching
For which of theafollowing
clie clients would the nurse expect that an intrauterine device would not be recomm
For the client who isPromiscuous young adul Nulliparous
using oral contraceptives, womanthe client about the need to take the pill a
the nurse informs
Maintain hormonal levels Decrease the incidence o
 Wrong 2 Wrong 3
12 hours 28 hours
Best protection against Cheapest to use
IUD Sterilization
Irregular bleeding Headaches
2 weeks 3 months
IUD cervcal cap
A phasic progestogen onlA monophasic progestogen o
DMPA (depot medroxypro spermicide
1% 0.50%
calendar method vasectomy
Pain related to numerouIneffective family coping rel
Diaphragm Vasectomy
Promiscuous young adulPostpartum client
Reduce side effects Prevent drug interactions
 Rationale
The diaphragm may be inserted up to 6 hours before you have sex. It must be left in
place for at least 6 hours after the last time you had sex.
The advantages of male condom are Least chance of failure, Best protection against STDs and Cheapest to use.
Diaphragm is a barrier method which helps prevent pregnancy by blocking sperm from entering the uterus.
Nausea, Irregular bleeding, Headaches are the side effects of birth control pills.
The vaginal ring should be left in the vagina for three weeks. If the ring is accidentally expelled, it can be rinsed with water and
Vasectomy is a surgical procedure for male sterilization or permanent contraception
Progestin-only contraceptives are the preferred choice for breastfeeding mothers when something hormonal is desired or nece
IUD has an expected failure rate if 2 pregnancies in 1000 women during the first year of use.
Spontaneous expulsion rate for the IUD during the first year after placement is 5%
condom prevents live sperm from reaching an ovum.
Based on the partner’s statement, the couple is verbalizing feelings of inadequacy and negative feelings about themselves and
Condoms, when used correctly and consistently, are the most effective contraceptive method or barrier against bacterial and v
An IUD may increase the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease, especially in women with more than one sexual partner, because
Regular timely ingestion of oral contraceptives is necessary to maintain hormonal levels of the drugs to suppress the action of
 heapest to use.
g the uterus.

it can be rinsed with water and should be put back in immediately.

hing hormonal is desired or necessary.

feelings about themselves and their capabilities. Thus, the nursing diagnosis of self-esteem disturbance is most appropriate. Fear, pain, an
r barrier against bacterial and viral sexually transmitted infections. Although spermicides kill sperm, they do not provide reliable protection
an one sexual partner, because of the increased risk of sexually transmitted infections. An UID should not be used if the woman has an acti
drugs to suppress the action of the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary leading to inappropriate secretion of FSH and LH. Therefore, follicl
 most appropriate. Fear, pain, and ineffective family coping also may be present but as secondary nursing diagnoses.
o not provide reliable protection against the spread of sexually transmitted infections, especially intracellular organisms such as HIV. Inserti
be used if the woman has an active or chronic pelvic infection, postpartum infection, endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma, or uterine abn
of FSH and LH. Therefore, follicles do not mature, ovulation is inhibited, and pregnancy is prevented. The estrogen content of the oral site
 lar organisms such as HIV. Insertion and removal of the diaphragm along with the use of the spermicides may cause vaginal irritations, whi
sia or carcinoma, or uterine abnormalities. Age is not a factor in determining the risks associated with IUD use. Most IUD users are over th
estrogen content of the oral site contraceptive may cause the nausea, regardless of when the pill is taken. Side effects and drug interactions
may cause vaginal irritations, which could place the client at risk for infection transmission. Male sterilization eliminates spermatozoa from t
use. Most IUD users are over the age of 30. Although there is a slightly higher risk for infertility in women who have never been pregnant,
ide effects and drug interactions may occur withoral contraceptives regardless of the time the pill is taken.
n eliminates spermatozoa from the ejaculate, but it does not eliminate bacterial and/or viral microorganisms that can cause sexually transm
who have never been pregnant, the IUD is an acceptable option as long as the risk-benefit ratio is discussed. IUDs may be inserted immedia
ms that can cause sexually transmitted infections.
d. IUDs may be inserted immediately after delivery, but this is not recommended because of the increased risk and rate of expulsion at this
risk and rate of expulsion at this time.
Category Question Correct Wrong 1 Wrong 2 Wrong 3 Rationale
What perce3-4% 0-1% 9-10% 14-15% The percentage of breech deliv
In which o Missed Threatened Imminent Incomplete
Epidemic infection from nosocomialIn asources
missed localizing
abortion, in
there
the is
lace
Which of thBreast injury caused by ove
Temporary urina Endemic infectioWith mastitis, injury to the bre
A client
With 1 Imminent
a fetus abortion breech
in the left-anterior Threatened aborCthe
presentation, omplete
nurse abortiMissed
would expectabortionCramping
the fetal heart rateand vaginal
would bleeding
be most aud
Above the maternal umbilic
In the lower-le In the lower-rig Above the matern With this presentation, the fet
Which of thPain Risk for infectio Anticipatory Gri Knowledge DeficiFor the client with an ectopic p
The prematAbortion. Delivery Chemical pregnaStillbirth. An abortion is the premature e
The percentage of breech deliveries decreases with 3-4% of births at term.
In a missed abortion, there is early fetal intrauterine death, and products of conception are not expelled. The cervix remains closed; there
With mastitis, injury to the breast, such as overdistention, stasis, and cracking of the nipples, is the primary predisposing factor. Epidemic
Cramping and vaginal bleeding coupled with cervical dilation signifies that termination of the pregnancy is inevitable and cannot be preve
With this presentation, the fetal upper torso and back face the left upper maternal abdominal wall. The fetal heart rate would be most au
For the client with an ectopic pregnancy, lower abdominal pain, usually unilateral, is the primary symptom. Thus, pain is the priority. Alth
An abortion is the premature exit of the products of conception (the fetus, fetal membranes, and placenta) from the uterus.
 The cervix remains closed; there may be a dark brown vaginal discharge, negative pregnancy test, and cessation of uterine growth and bre
ry predisposing factor. Epidemic and endemic infections are probable sources of infection for mastitis. Temporary urinary retention due to
s inevitable and cannot be prevented. Thus, the nurse would document an imminent abortion. In a threatened abortion, cramping and vag
etal heart rate would be most audible above the maternal umbilicus and to the left of the middle. The other positions would be incorrect.
m. Thus, pain is the priority. Although the potential for infection is always present, the risk is low in ectopic pregnancy because pathogenic m
a) from the uterus.
sation of uterine growth and breast tenderness. A threatened abortion is evidenced with cramping and vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy
porary urinary retention due to decreased perception of the urge to void is a contributory factor to the development of urinary tract infecti
ened abortion, cramping and vaginal bleeding are present, but there is no cervical dilation. The symptoms may subside or progress to aborti
er positions would be incorrect.
pregnancy because pathogenic microorganisms have not been introduced from external sources. The client may have a limited knowledge
ginal bleeding in early pregnancy, with no cervical dilation. An incomplete abortion presents with bleeding, cramping, and cervical dilation.
velopment of urinary tract infection, not mastitis.
may subside or progress to abortion. In a complete abortion all the products of conception are expelled. A missed abortion is early fetal int

nt may have a limited knowledge of the pathology and treatment of the condition and will most likely experience grieving, but this is not th
cramping, and cervical dilation. An incomplete abortion involves only expulsion of part of the products of conception and bleeding occurs

missed abortion is early fetal intrauterine death without expulsion of the products of conception.

rience grieving, but this is not the priority at this time.

conception and bleeding occurs with cervical dilation.
Category Question Correct Wrong 1 Wrong 2
If a baby suffers from dia Give his bottom some "airChange his diaper lUse diapers continou
It's best not to expose you6 weeks 2 weeks 3 months
If a newborn has been ci Apply a new bandage everLeave the bandage Avoid on getting soap ne
baby's crib should includeA firm mattress A soft mattress Feathered pillows
How often should you ba 2 or 3 times a week Once a week Daily
Until baby's umbilical cordShe should only be given She should bathe inShe should be bathed
The best way to take an i Rectal Axillary (armpit) Oral
You know your newborn is6 to 8 times a day 2 to 4 times a day 10 or more times a d
How many
A nurse in ahours after
delivery the3istoassisting
room 4 hours with the delivery
4 toof
6 hours 6 to 8After
a newborn infant. hoursthe delivery. the nurse prepares to
Drying the infant in a war Closing the doors t Turning on the overh
A nurse is assessing a ne Document the findings Contact the physician Circle the amount of
A
A nurse
nurse in
in the newborn
a newborn nur
Tachypnea
nursery and retraction
is performing Hypotension
an assessment and BrAcrocyanosis
of a newborn infant. The and
nursegrunting
is preparing to measure t
Place the tape measure unWrap the
A postpartum nurse is providing instructions to the mother of a newborntape measP lace
Stop the
infant tape
the breast measur
with hyperbilirubinemia
feedings and switchwho
to is
bottle
bein
Continue to breast-feed e Feed the newborn in
A nurse on the newborn nur Instillation of the prepar Subcutaneous injecIntravenous injection
A nurse is assessing a ne Incessant
“Newborncrying Lethargy
infants are deficient Cuddles
in vitamin K. and
“Thethis whenKbeing
vitamin
injection
will
prevents
protectyour
yourinfant
infantfrom
fromabb
A nurse prepares to admin
A nurse in a newborn nursery receives a phone call to “You
Turn infant
prepare needs
on theforapnea v
the admission
and cardiorespiratory
of a 43-week-gestation
monitors newborn wi
Connect the resuscitation
Vastus lateralis Set up the intravenous line with 5% dextrose
Vitamin K is prescribed fo Deltoid Triceps
Which one of the followinCongenital anomaly registe Deformations are typ Congenital anomaly re
Which of the following st The commonest drugs to cAll infants born to Withdrawal from met
Which of the following di HIV infection. Myaesthenia gravisMalar rash (systemic
Which one of the following Polyhydramnios. Oligohydramnios. Bicornuate uterus.
Which of the following st If cord blood is collected, Most babies are cyaFetal blood oxygen l
Which of the following staAn Apgar score of <5 at 1 APGAR stands for AiUmbilical cord gases
A baby is born at 27 weeksPlace the baby in a steril Ask the obstetricia Don't worry about uni
Which one of the following If a baby has suffered fromPrimary apnoea willTerminal apnoea will
Which of the following is The examination can be peNewborn examinatiThe newborn examinati
Which of the following staPlagiocephaly is more comThe skull is made oThe anterior fontanell
Which of the following is Haemangiomas tend to resPustular rashes are Cutis aplasia of the v
Which one of the following Caesarean section for bre Female gender. Older male sibling w
With regard to fractures i Rib fractures are rarely ca Fractures to the lonSkull fractures found
A full-term baby is born Arrange an urgent MRI scan Let the baby attempInform the obstetrici
You are performing a routiThis is a cephalhaematoma This is most like a This is a Chignon and
What percentage of DNA c<3%. 15% 50%.
Which one of the following Microarray. PCR. Family history.
What is the name given toLyon hypothesis. Buffalo hypothesis.Elephant hypothesis.
Which one of the followinDecreased intelligence quo Promotes mother–iDecreased risk of ast
Which of the following st Breastfeeding increases t Lactation helps theBreastfeeding is mor
Which one of the followinHuman milk contains moreHuman milk containHuman milk contains
Which one of the followinProphylactic insulin infusi Prophylactic antifunAdministration via a p
The acceptable upper limit10%. 1% 5%.
A 35-week preterm femalePerformi a sepsis work-up Place her in 30% oxCommence caffeine fo
A 31-week female infant we Take blood cultures and c Insert an umbilical Commence 10% dextr
You are asked to review a Arrange for both Hep B imNo management requ Cease the breastfeed
All but which one of the f Hepatitis B. Zikka virus. CMV infection.
Which one of the followinDecreased intelligence quo Decreased risk of aReduced likelihood an
Which one of the followinProlonged preterm rupturMaternal chorioamnio If corticosteroids are
Regarding preterm delivery There is no evidence to suA Below 26 weeks' gFor babies born at 24
A baby is about to be deli The baby should be born iAll babies at this g A saturation probe sh
The most important indepe Gestation at birth. Birth weight. Sex.
You come on for night duty Withdraw the catheter so Advise
th the nursing sAdvance the catheter s
Which of the following is Small mothers tend to havSGA is usually definAsymmetrical IUGR usu
Which of these statementsBabies with congenital cy Very low birthweighExtremely low birthwe
Which of the following facAll of the above. Genotype. Prematurity.
What is the name given toBarker hypothesis. Meow hypothesis. X Factor.
Congenital absence of whic SP-B SP-A. SP-C.
A 32-week male infant is bDecreased chance that heDecreased chance oDecreased total length
A 28-week gestation female Peak inspiratory pressure w
Inspiratory time wilTidal volume will incr
A 26-week gestation maleIncrease
i PIP to 20 cmH2O.

http://www.essentialneonatalmed.com/mcqs/mcq.asp?I=1444334433&chap=13&q=0004
 Wrong 3 Rationale
Keep his bottom damp atA good airing makes it hard for irritants like bacteria and yeast (which need a damp environment) to g
1 year It's probably wise not to expose a newborn to the general public or large groups of people until she's
Donot use any bandage The The American
AAP reports Academy
that youofshould
Pediatrics
never(AAP) recommends
allow an infant to that
sleepyou
on keep the areafeatherbed,
a waterbed, as clean as beanbag,
possible bd
Hard toys Next
infant doesn't need much bathing if you wash the diaper area thoroughly during diaper changes. The
twice a day Next
Should umbilical cord ar During her first week or two, until the stump of the umbilical cord falls off, your newborn should have
Forehead The AAP recommends taking a baby's temperature rectally. This method is the most reliable in detecti
1 time During the first
In newborns, month,
the if his
need to feeddiet is adequate,
outweighs he should
the need urinate
to sleep. Thesix to recommends
AAP eight times a that
day and
you have
wakeatyou
le
8 to 10 hours
Warming the crib pad Evaporation of moisture from a wet body dissipates heat along with the moisture. Keeping the newbo
Reinforce the dressing A yellow exudate may be noted in 24 hours. and this is a part of normal healing. The nurse would exp
The presence of a barrel The infant with respiratory distress syndrome may present with signs of cyanosis. tachypnea or apnea
Place the tape measure atTo measure the head circumference. the nurse should place the tape measure under the infant’s head
Switch to bottle feeding Breast feeding should be initiated within 2 hours after birth and every 2-4 hours thereafter. The other
Intramuscular injection The aim of therapy in RDS is to support the disease until the disease runs its course with the subseque
Sleepiness A newborn infant born to a woman using drugs is irritable. The infant is overloaded easily by sensory s
“Newborn infants have stVitamin K is necessary for the body to synthesize coagulation factors. Vitamin K is administered to the
Set the radiant warmer control
Vastustemperature
lateralis at 36.5* C (97.6*F)
Biceps is the appropriate site for vit k injection.
Deformities of the skull It is important to monitor congenital abnormalities to understand their aetiology. Preconception folic
Mothers who are on a met Opiates (heroin or methadone) are more common drugs of addiction than cocaine and crack cocaine
Thyrotoxicosis. HIV infection is due to transmission of the HIV virus, not the antibody. However, the presence of mate
Polyhydramnios. Polyhydramnios is unlikely to lead to a deformation. The baby should still be closely examined for con
The fetal brain can use alThe umbilical artery caries used blood away from the fetus, and so the pH can never be higher than in
The Apgar score has exceThis is one of several criteria for considering therapeutic hypothermia if a baby has hypoxic ischaemic
Dry the baby, wrap in sevThis has been shown to be effective thermal care for a newborn preterm baby. Keep the bag/wrap in
Irregular gasping is most At birth, you cannot tell if the baby is in the primary or secondary stage of their apnoea after the insu
A ‘systems-based’ approac A very early examination (within the first 6–12 hours) may miss some duct-dependent cardiac lesions.
The normal occipito-frontThe incidence of positional plagiocephaly has increased since the ‘Back to Sleep’ campaign, but it is sti
A congenital melanocyticLarge haemangiomas affecting the eyes or the airway should be treated and they can respond dramati
The presence of spina bifBreech presentation after 36 weeks is a risk factor for DD, with a 10-fold increased risk. The incidence
Fractures to the humerusThe o rib cage is flexible and not fully ossified. If a baby has been home and re-presents with rib fractur
Prescribe artificial tears This is likely to be a lower motor facial nerve injury. This can be distinguished from an upper motor ne
The baby has caput suc Cephalhaematoma occurs in about 1% of newborn infants, and is due to bleeding between the perios
85%. Only 1.5% of human DNA codes for genes.
Clinical examination. Microarray is the only test here that will identify if genes are working or not. Family history and clinica
Leopard hypothesis. The Lyon hypothesis refers to the random inactivation of one X chromosome in a female (either mate
Reduced likelihood and seThere is considerable debate as to whether babies who have been breastfed subsequently have a high
Lactational amenorrhoeaBreastfeeding confers some health advantages on the mother, as there appears to be some protection
Human milk contains more Cows' milk contains more calcium and phosphate than human milk, but their absorption is much lowe
Biochemical surveillance Ai lthough some infants may develop hyperglycaemia while receiving parenteral nutrition some will no
15%. A healthy term baby can lose up to 10% of its birth weight in the first week of life.
Start mask continuous pos This baby is at risk of sepsis because of maternal PPROM and PTL. In spite of the intrapartum antibioti
Get a chest radiograph. The most important management option is to treat her for possible early-onset infection. If she does h
Arrange for Hep B immuno All infants born to hepatitis B carriers should be given Hep B immunoglobulin and Hep B immunization
Rubella. These infants may become chronic carriers of HBsAg and are at risk of developing carcinoma of the liv
Decreased incidence of inThere is considerable debate as to whether babies who have been breastfed subsequently have a high
If there is fetal distres The ORACLE trial showed a benefit from administration of oral antibiotics. Each case should be assess
Ethically, when it comes There is little evidence to support its use. If it is required then the prognosis for intact survival is poor.
The baby should be driedPlastic wraps (and a hat to cover the head) have been shown to improve thermoregulation, but the ba
Administration of antenatIt is clear that survival and neurodevelopmental outcome are more strongly determined by the degree
Remove the catheter. There is no convincing argument in favour of a high or low UAC position. If the initial radiograph revea
IUGR babies have more res Babies reflect their mother's centile at birth and tend to graduated towards their midparental centile
Preterm IUGR babies shou SGA babies are ninefold more likely to have had a congenital infection.
Congenital infection. All of these factors can cause a baby to have a birth weight <10th percentile.
Meow hypothesis. This relationship is thought to be mediated through insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2). It is named aft
SP-D. Congenital absence of surfactant protein B is lethal in the neonatal period.
Decreased chance of deve This baby has early respiratory distress syndrome. Early application of CPAP reduces subsequent use o
PEEP will increase. If a pneumothorax occurs when on volume guarantee, the initial change that you might see is a sudde
This baby has a respiratory acidosis and ventilation needs to be increased to remove more CO2.
ed a damp environment) to grow.
groups of people until she's reached 6 weeks, especially in the winter months, when more viruses are going around.
he areafeatherbed,
rbed, as clean as beanbag,
possible by washing
deep your baby's
pillow-top penis
mattress, with soap
or other and water every
inappropriately day.
soft surface.
during diaper changes. The AAP notes that two or three times a week during her first year is plenty. If she is bathed more frequently, it ma

ff, your newborn should have only sponge baths, notes the AAP. Once the umbilical area is healed, you can try placing your baby in 2 inches
s the most reliable in detecting low-grade fevers in children under age 5
ht times a that
ommends day and
you have
wakeatyour
least twofor
baby bowel movements
a feeding daily, to
every three reports the Nemours
four hours Foundation.
or so, and possibly more often for smaller or premature babies.

moisture. Keeping the newborn dry by drying the wet newborn infant will prevent hypothermia via evaporation.
ealing. The nurse would expect that the area would be red with a small amount of bloody drainage. If the bleeding is excessive. the nurse w
yanosis. tachypnea or apnea. nasal flaring. chest wall retractions. or audible grunts.
asure under the infant’s head. wrap the tape around the occiput. and measure just above the eyebrows so that the largest area of the occip
4 hours thereafter. The other options are not necessary.
its course with the subsequent development of surfactant. The infant may benefit from surfactant replacement therapy. In surfactant repl
verloaded easily by sensory stimulation. The infant may cry incessantly and posture rather than cuddle when being held.
min K is administered to the newborn infant to prevent abnormal bleeding. Newborn infants are vitamin K deficient because the bowel do

etiology. Preconception folic acid supplementation to prevent spina bifida shows the benefit of recognizing high-risk groups.
n cocaine and crack cocaine (in the UK and Australia) and more typically cause a withdrawal syndrome.]
wever, the presence of maternal anti-HIV IgG can lead to diagnostic difficulty. It is therefore necessary to confirm HIV infection in the newb
be closely examined for conditions such as oesophageal atresia and neuromuscular abnormalities.
H can never be higher than in the vein.
baby has hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy, as the outcome may otherwise be poor.
baby. Keep the bag/wrap in place until the baby is inside a warm, humidified incubator.
f their apnoea after the insult. IF the baby is in primary apnoea they will start to gasp; however, if they are in the secondary stage spontane
t-dependent cardiac lesions. Parents should be told that a normal newborn examination is not a guarantee of normality
o Sleep’ campaign, but it is still recommended to put babies to sleep supine to reduce the risk of cot death.
nd they can respond dramatically to beta-blockers.
ncreased risk. The incidence of DDH in singleton breech delivery is 14% but not if it occurs before 36 weeks as the fetus may normally chan
d re-presents with rib fractures, non-accidental injury should be considered, even if CPR has taken place. In preterm babies on the NICU wit
hed from an upper motor nerve injury (which would require imaging) by the involvement of the upper part of the face, including the eyelid
bleeding between the periosteum and the cranial bones (usually parietal, less commonly occipital) as a result of shearing or tearing of com

ot. Family history and clinical examination will be very useful in most cases but may fail to identify the specific genetic cause in a number o
me in a female (either maternal X or paternal X) at a stage during cell division.
tfed subsequently have a higher IQ than those given formula milk in the early months of life, but there is no doubt that breastfeeding does
ppears to be some protection against ovarian and premenopausal breast cancer as well as osteoporosis.
heir absorption is much lower.
nteral nutrition some will not, and prophylactic insulin infusions could lead to significant hypoglycaemia in some infants.

e of the intrapartum antibiotics the baby is now symptomatic. The other measures may be useful in the acute management of apnoea, but
-onset infection. If she does have early-onset infection, a delay in commencing IV antibiotics may have very serious consequences. All the o
 ulin and Hep B immunization within 12 hours of birth.
veloping carcinoma of the liver. Symptoms of liver disease in the neonatal period are rare in affected babies.
tfed subsequently have a higher IQ than those given formula milk in the early months of life, but there is no doubt that breastfeeding does
. Each case should be assessed on its merits, as if the mother has frank sepsis it may be safer to deliver the baby immediately.
sis for intact survival is poor.
thermoregulation, but the baby must also be placed under a radiant warmer.
gly determined by the degree of prematurity than by birthweight or any other factor (although they all contribute).
If the initial radiograph reveals the tip of the catheter is below the level of the diaphragm (T10), the usual practice is to withdraw it to make
ds their midparental centile during the first year of life.

ctor 2 (IGF-2). It is named after David Barker, who first made these observations.

AP reduces subsequent use of IPPV and thus may be useful in preventing the adverse effects of this treatment. However, the Cochrane Rev
that you might see is a sudden increase in the peak pressure as the ventilator tries to compensate for the decreased tidal volume. The othe
to remove more CO2.
 is bathed more frequently, it may dry out her skin.

try placing your baby in 2 inches of water.

or smaller or premature babies.

bleeding is excessive. the nurse would apply gentle pressure with sterile gauze. If bleeding is not controlled. then the blood vessel may nee

that the largest area of the occiput is included.

ment therapy. In surfactant replacement. an exogenous surfactant preparation is instilled into the lungs through an endotracheal tube.
en being held.
deficient because the bowel does not have the bacteria necessary for synthesizing fat-soluble vitamin K. The infant’s bowel does not have

high-risk groups.

onfirm HIV infection in the newborn by the presence of viral DNA or RNA using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.

in the secondary stage spontaneous breathing will not return without intervention.
e of normality

s as the fetus may normally change position in-utero during this time
preterm babies on the NICU with severe osteopenia, rib fractures may occur after chest physiotherapy or CPR, but the bones are usually o
t of the face, including the eyelids.
ult of shearing or tearing of communicating veins during delivery. The extent of the swelling is limited by the underlying skull bone and doe

cific genetic cause in a number of cases.

o doubt that breastfeeding does not decrease the IQ.

some infants.

ute management of apnoea, but the priority should be to treat for possible infection.
serious consequences. All the other options may also be reasonable but should be done in conjunction or after the commencement of IV
o doubt that breastfeeding does not decrease the IQ.
e baby immediately.

practice is to withdraw it to make it sit at approximately L4.

ent. However, the Cochrane Review on this topic by Ho et al. gives the cautionary note that “…many of the trials were done in the 1970s an
ecreased tidal volume. The other settings will be unchanged (unless someone physically changes them).
. then the blood vessel may need to be ligated. and the nurse would contact the physician. Because the findings identified in the question

rough an endotracheal tube.

he infant’s bowel does not have support the production of vitamin K until bacteria adequately colonizes it by food ingestion.

n (PCR) method.

CPR, but the bones are usually obviously osteopenic.

he underlying skull bone and does not cross suture lines

after the commencement of IV antibiotics.

trials were done in the 1970s and 1980s and re-evaluation of the strategy of early CDP in the era of antenatal steroid use and early surfact
ndings identified in the question are normal. the nurse would document the assessment.

by food ingestion.
atal steroid use and early surfactant administration is indicated focusing on administration methods”.
Category Question Correct Wrong 1 Wrong 2 Wrong 3 Rationale
Half life of 45 hours 120 hours 90 hours 70 hours About 90% of radiolabeled letrozole is recovered in urine. Letro
Methyl dopB A C D Oral methyldopa has been assigned to pregnancy category B
If mother 6 weeks 12 weeks 18 weeks 24 weeks A three-drug prophylactic regimen for the mother taken during
The most cGastrointesHeadache Hot flashe Hyperglyc Most frequent side effects of metformin include gastrointestina
A client is Report anyTake
They rapidly
TylenoUse a soft Maintain aThe client should notify the health care provider if blood is not
transfer across
The neonatal
the placenta,
effects and
include
lackhypotonia,
of an antagonist
hypothermia,
make them
generalized
generallydrowsiness,
inappropriate
anddu
r
Barbiturate These drugs Adverse reaBarbiturates are rapidly transferred across the placental barrier
120 mg of Pethidine is ordered. Stock in hand is 40mg/ml. Calculate the volume to be given.
3 ml 30 ml 40 ml 1ml 40*3=120 mg therefore 3ml
 ozole is recovered in urine. Letrozole's terminal elimination half-life is about 45 hours.
gned to pregnancy category B
men for the mother taken during pregnancy and throughout the breastfeeding period, as well as infant prophylaxis for six weeks after birth
metformin include gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea and vomiting.
alth care provider if blood is noted in stools or urine, or any other signs of bleeding occur.
erred across the placental barrier, and lack of an antagonist makes them generally inappropriate during active labor. Neonatal side effects o
phylaxis for six weeks after birth, whether or not the infant is breastfeeding.

ve labor. Neonatal side effects of barbiturates include central nervous system depression, prolonged drowsiness, delayed establishment of
siness, delayed establishment of feeding (e.g. due to poor sucking reflex or poor sucking pressure). Tranquilizers are associated with neonat
lizers are associated with neonatal effects such as hypotonia, hypothermia, generalized drowsiness, and reluctance to feed for the first few
luctance to feed for the first few days. Narcotic analgesic readily cross the placental barrier, causing depressive effects in the newborn 2 to
sive effects in the newborn 2 to 3 hours after intramuscular injection. Regional anesthesia is associated with adverse reactions such as mat
h adverse reactions such as maternal hypotension, allergic or toxic reaction, or partial or total respiratory failure.