ExxonMobil Outlook for Energy

2018 Outlook

Average
Energy demand (quadrillion BTUs, unless otherwise noted) annual change % change
2016 2016 Share of total
Regions 2000 2010 2016 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2040 2040 2016 2040
World 404 515 552 579 613 643 665 681 0.9% 23% 100% 100%
OECD 218 224 218 219 220 219 216 212 -0.1% -3% 39% 31%
Non OECD 186 292 334 360 394 423 449 469 1.4% 40% 61% 69%
Africa 22 29 33 37 42 47 53 59 2.4% 77% 6% 9%
Asia Pacific 123 202 231 250 273 290 305 315 1.3% 36% 42% 46%
China 46 102 118 125 135 141 146 147 0.9% 25% 21% 22%
India 18 27 36 41 49 56 61 66 2.6% 85% 6% 10%
Europe 77 80 75 75 73 72 70 68 -0.4% -9% 14% 10%
European Union 71 72 67 66 64 62 60 58 -0.6% -14% 12% 8%
Latin America 19 25 28 30 32 34 37 40 1.5% 42% 5% 6%
Middle East 17 28 34 37 40 44 46 48 1.4% 40% 6% 7%
North America 110 109 109 110 112 114 113 111 0.1% 3% 20% 16%
United States 93 91 89 90 91 92 91 89 0.0% 0% 16% 13%
Russia/Caspian 37 42 41 41 41 41 40 40 -0.2% -4% 8% 6%

Energy by type - World

Primary 404 515 552 579 613 643 665 681 0.9% 23% 100% 100%
Oil 145 164 177 186 195 203 208 211 0.7% 19% 32% 31%
Gas 89 116 127 137 149 160 168 175 1.3% 38% 23% 26%
Coal 91 140 141 139 143 141 141 138 -0.1% -2% 25% 20%
Nuclear 27 29 27 31 33 38 42 46 2.3% 72% 5% 7%
Biomass/Waste 40 49 54 56 57 57 57 57 0.2% 5% 10% 8%
Hydro 9 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 1.3% 35% 2% 3%
Other Renewables 3 7 12 16 21 26 30 36 4.6% 195% 2% 5%

End-use sectors - World

Residential and commercial
Total 96 112 116 122 129 134 139 143 0.8% 22% 100% 100%
Oil 13 12 11 11 11 10 10 10 -0.6% -13% 10% 7%
Gas 21 24 24 25 26 27 28 28 0.7% 18% 20% 20%
Biomass/Waste 29 33 35 35 36 35 35 33 -0.1% -4% 30% 23%
Electricity 23 32 36 40 45 50 55 61 2.2% 70% 31% 42%
Other 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 -0.2% -4% 10% 8%

Transportation
Total 77 95 109 118 126 132 137 141 1.1% 29% 100% 100%
Oil 75 91 103 111 117 121 124 126 0.8% 22% 95% 89%
Biofuels 0 2 3 4 4 5 5 6 2.5% 80% 3% 4%
Gas 0 1 2 3 3 4 5 7 6.2% 321% 1% 5%
Other 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 4.2% 167% 1% 2%

Industrial
Total 143 193 205 213 226 237 245 250 0.8% 22% 100% 100%
Oil 44 50 53 55 59 63 66 68 1.1% 29% 26% 27%
Gas 37 45 50 53 57 61 63 65 1.2% 32% 24% 26%
Coal 26 49 47 47 47 47 46 44 -0.3% -7% 23% 18%
Electricity 22 31 36 39 43 46 50 53 1.6% 46% 18% 21%
Other 14 18 19 19 19 20 20 20 0.2% 5% 9% 8%

Power generation - World

Primary 145 191 207 217 234 248 262 273 1.2% 32% 100% 100%
Oil 13 11 10 9 8 8 8 7 -1.4% -29% 5% 3%
Gas 31 46 52 56 62 67 72 75 1.5% 43% 25% 27%
Coal 61 86 89 88 92 91 93 91 0.1% 2% 43% 33%
Nuclear 27 29 27 31 33 38 42 46 2.3% 72% 13% 17%
Hydro 9 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 1.3% 35% 7% 7%
Wind 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 6.0% 308% 2% 5%
Other Renewables 4 7 11 13 15 18 20 22 2.9% 98% 5% 8%

Electricity demand (terawatt hours)

World 13225 18597 21300 23319 26095 28793 31444 33985 2.0% 60% 100% 100%
OECD 8609 9715 9676 10056 10546 11030 11367 11630 0.8% 20% 45% 34%
Non OECD 4616 8882 11624 13263 15549 17763 20077 22355 2.8% 92% 55% 66%
 ExxonMobil Outlook for Energy
2018 Outlook
Average
annual
Energy demand (quadrillion BTUs, unless otherwise noted) change % change
OECD 2016 2016 Share of total
Energy by type 2000 2010 2016 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2040 2040 2016 2040

Primary 218 224 218 219 220 219 216 212 -0.1% -3% 100% 100%
Oil 91 86 85 84 83 81 79 76 -0.5% -10% 39% 36%
Gas 47 55 58 60 63 66 67 67 0.6% 16% 27% 32%
Coal 43 42 34 31 27 23 20 17 -2.9% -51% 15% 8%
Nuclear 23 24 20 21 21 21 22 22 0.3% 7% 9% 10%
Biomass/waste 7 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 0.1% 2% 5% 5%
Hydro 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 0.6% 15% 2% 3%
Other renewables 2 4 7 9 11 12 14 15 3.5% 126% 3% 7%

End-use sectors
Residential and commercial
Total 46 50 46 46 46 46 45 45 -0.1% -2% 100% 100%
Oil 9 7 5 4 4 3 2 2 -3.8% -60% 11% 4%
Gas 16 17 16 16 16 15 15 15 -0.2% -5% 34% 33%
Biomass/waste 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 -0.9% -20% 5% 5%
Electricity 17 21 21 21 22 23 24 24 0.7% 18% 45% 54%
Other 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 -0.9% -19% 5% 4%

Transportation
Total 52 54 57 57 57 57 57 55 -0.1% -2% 100% 100%
Oil 51 52 54 54 54 53 52 50 -0.3% -8% 95% 90%
Biofuels 0 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 1.4% 39% 4% 5%
Gas 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 10.6% 1022% 0% 3%
Other 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 4.1% 163% 1% 2%

Industrial
Total 68 65 66 67 68 69 69 69 0.2% 4% 100% 100%
Oil 25 24 23 23 24 24 24 23 0.0% 0% 35% 34%
Gas 18 18 20 21 23 24 24 24 0.8% 20% 30% 34%
Coal 8 7 6 5 4 4 3 3 -3.8% -60% 10% 4%
Electricity 12 12 12 12 13 14 14 14 0.8% 20% 18% 21%
Other 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 0.2% 5% 7% 7%

Power generation
Primary 85 90 85 86 86 86 86 85 0.0% 0% 100% 100%
Oil 6 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 -4.6% -68% 3% 1%
Gas 14 20 22 22 24 26 26 27 0.8% 20% 26% 32%
Coal 35 34 27 25 23 20 17 14 -2.7% -48% 32% 16%
Nuclear 23 24 20 21 21 21 22 22 0.3% 7% 24% 25%
Hydro 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 0.6% 15% 6% 7%
Wind 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 5.0% 224% 2% 8%
Other renewables 3 4 6 7 8 8 9 9 1.6% 46% 8% 11%
 ExxonMobil Outlook for Energy
2018 Outlook
Average
annual
Energy demand (quadrillion BTUs, unless otherwise noted) change % change
Non OECD 2016 2016 Share of total
Energy by type 2000 2010 2016 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2040 2040 2016 2040

Primary 186 292 334 360 394 423 449 469 1.4% 40% 100% 100%
Oil 55 78 93 102 112 122 129 135 1.6% 46% 28% 29%
Gas 41 61 70 77 86 94 101 108 1.9% 56% 21% 23%
Coal 48 98 107 108 116 118 121 121 0.5% 13% 32% 26%
Nuclear 4 5 7 9 12 17 21 24 5.6% 272% 2% 5%
Biomass/waste 33 40 44 46 46 47 47 47 0.2% 6% 13% 10%
Hydro 4 7 9 10 11 12 12 13 1.6% 45% 3% 3%
Other renewables 1 3 5 8 10 13 16 20 5.8% 284% 2% 4%

End-use sectors
Residential and commercial
Total 50 63 71 76 83 88 93 98 1.4% 38% 100% 100%
Oil 5 5 6 7 7 7 8 8 0.9% 25% 9% 8%
Gas 5 7 8 10 11 12 13 13 2.0% 62% 12% 14%
Biomass/waste 27 30 32 33 33 33 32 31 -0.1% -2% 46% 32%
Electricity 6 11 15 18 23 27 32 36 3.7% 141% 21% 37%
Other 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 0.0% 0% 13% 9%

Transportation
Total 25 41 52 60 68 75 81 86 2.1% 64% 100% 100%
Oil 24 39 49 56 63 68 72 76 1.8% 55% 94% 88%
Biofuels 0 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3.9% 152% 2% 3%
Gas 0 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5.3% 247% 3% 6%
Other 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 4.2% 169% 1% 2%

Industrial
Total 76 127 139 146 157 168 176 182 1.1% 31% 100% 100%
Oil 19 26 30 32 35 39 42 45 1.7% 51% 21% 25%
Gas 19 27 30 32 35 38 40 42 1.4% 40% 21% 23%
Coal 18 42 41 42 43 44 43 42 0.1% 1% 30% 23%
Electricity 9 19 24 26 29 32 35 38 1.9% 59% 17% 21%
Other 10 13 14 15 15 15 15 15 0.2% 5% 10% 8%

Power generation
Primary 60 101 122 131 148 162 176 189 1.8% 55% 100% 100%
Oil 7 8 8 7 7 7 7 6 -0.8% -18% 6% 3%
Gas 17 26 30 33 38 41 45 48 2.0% 61% 25% 26%
Coal 26 52 62 63 69 71 76 77 0.9% 23% 51% 41%
Nuclear 4 5 7 9 12 17 21 24 5.6% 272% 5% 13%
Hydro 4 7 9 10 11 12 12 13 1.6% 45% 7% 7%
Wind 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 7.4% 461% 1% 3%
Other renewables 1 3 5 6 8 9 11 13 4.2% 167% 4% 7%
 ExxonMobil Outlook for Energy
2018 Outlook
Average
annual
Energy demand (quadrillion BTUs, unless otherwise noted) change % change
2016 2016 Share of total
Regions 2000 2010 2016 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2040 2040 2016 2040
AFRICA
Primary 22 29 33 37 42 47 53 59 2.4% 77% 100% 100%
Oil 5 7 8 9 11 12 14 16 3.1% 107% 23% 27%
Gas 4 5 6 6 8 9 11 13 3.5% 129% 17% 22%
Coal 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 6 1.4% 39% 12% 9%
Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 8.1% 549% 0% 2%
Biomass/waste 10 13 15 16 17 18 20 20 1.3% 36% 45% 35%
Hydro 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 5.2% 239% 1% 2%
Other renewables 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 6.6% 365% 1% 2%

Demand by sector
Total end-use (including electricity) 19 26 29 32 36 40 45 49 2.2% 69% 100% 100%
Residential and commercial 9 12 14 15 17 19 21 23 2.2% 69% 48% 47%
Transportation 3 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 2.8% 94% 17% 19%
Industrial 7 9 10 11 12 13 15 16 1.9% 58% 35% 33%
Memo: electricity demand 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 5.2% 236% 8% 15%
Power generation fuel1 4 6 7 8 9 12 15 17 4.1% 163% 20% 30%

ASIA PACIFIC
Primary 123 202 231 250 273 290 305 315 1.3% 36% 100% 100%
Oil 40 52 61 67 74 79 82 85 1.3% 38% 27% 27%
Gas 12 21 27 32 37 42 45 48 2.5% 80% 12% 15%
Coal 43 93 103 104 110 113 116 115 0.5% 12% 45% 37%
Nuclear 5 6 5 8 12 15 18 21 6.2% 325% 2% 7%
Biomass/Waste 20 23 25 25 25 24 23 22 -0.5% -12% 11% 7%
Hydro 2 4 6 6 7 7 7 7 1.2% 33% 2% 2%
Other Renewables 1 2 4 7 9 11 14 17 5.7% 274% 2% 5%

Demand by sector
Total end-use (including electricity) 96 153 176 190 206 219 229 236 1.2% 35% 100% 100%
Residential and commercial 31 39 45 48 52 55 57 59 1.2% 33% 25% 25%
Transportation 17 26 34 40 45 49 53 56 2.1% 63% 19% 24%
Industrial 47 88 97 102 109 115 119 121 0.9% 25% 55% 51%
Memo: electricity demand 12 24 32 36 42 47 52 57 2.4% 77% 18% 24%
Power generation fuel1 41 76 92 100 112 122 132 140 1.8% 53% 40% 44%

EUROPE
Primary 77 80 75 75 73 72 70 68 -0.4% -9% 100% 100%
Oil 31 29 27 26 26 25 24 23 -0.8% -18% 36% 33%
Gas 17 20 18 17 18 18 18 18 0.1% 3% 23% 26%
Coal 14 13 11 10 9 7 6 4 -3.8% -61% 14% 6%
Nuclear 10 10 9 9 8 8 9 9 0.0% 0% 12% 13%
Biomass/Waste 3 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 0.2% 5% 7% 9%
Hydro 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0.3% 8% 3% 3%
Other Renewables 0 2 3 4 4 5 6 6 3.2% 112% 4% 9%

Demand by sector
Total end-use (including electricity) 59 62 59 58 58 57 56 54 -0.3% -8% 100% 100%
Residential and commercial 18 21 19 19 18 18 17 17 -0.5% -11% 32% 31%
Transportation 17 18 18 19 19 19 18 18 -0.1% -2% 31% 33%
Industrial 25 23 22 21 21 20 20 20 -0.4% -9% 37% 36%
Memo: electricity demand 10 12 11 12 12 13 13 14 0.8% 21% 19% 25%
Power generation fuel1 30 32 30 31 30 30 30 29 -0.1% -3% 40% 43%

1
Share based on total primary energy
 ExxonMobil Outlook for Energy
2018 Outlook
Average
annual
Energy demand (quadrillion BTUs, unless otherwise noted) change % change
2016 2016 Share of total
Regions 2000 2010 2016 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2040 2040 2016 2040
LATIN AMERICA
Primary 19 25 28 30 32 34 37 40 1.5% 42% 100% 100%
Oil 9 11 12 13 14 14 15 16 1.1% 29% 44% 40%
Gas 4 6 6 6 7 8 9 11 2.4% 77% 22% 27%
Coal 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.4% 10% 4% 3%
Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3.2% 112% 1% 1%
Biomass/waste 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 -0.1% -2% 17% 12%
Hydro 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 1.7% 50% 8% 9%
Other renewables 0 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4.5% 187% 4% 8%

Demand by sector
Total end-use (including electricity) 17 22 24 26 27 30 32 34 1.5% 43% 100% 100%
Residential and commercial 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 1.4% 40% 18% 18%
Transportation 5 7 8 8 9 10 11 11 1.6% 47% 32% 33%
Industrial 9 12 12 13 13 14 15 17 1.4% 41% 50% 49%
Memo: electricity demand 2 3 4 4 5 5 6 7 2.6% 86% 15% 20%
Power generation fuel1 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2.0% 62% 27% 31%

MIDDLE EAST
Primary 17 28 34 37 40 44 46 48 1.4% 40% 100% 100%
Oil 10 14 16 17 18 19 19 20 0.8% 21% 48% 41%
Gas 7 13 17 19 22 23 25 26 1.7% 49% 51% 54%
Coal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3.9% -62% 1% 0%
Nuclear 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 14.4% 2426% 0% 2%
Biomass/Waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.6% 485% 0% 0%
Hydro 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.3% 73% 0% 0%
Other Renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 9.2% 720% 0% 1%

Demand by sector
Total end-use (including electricity) 13 22 27 29 31 34 36 38 1.5% 43% 100% 100%
Residential and commercial 3 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 1.8% 53% 17% 19%
Transportation 4 6 8 8 9 9 10 10 1.2% 34% 29% 27%
Industrial 7 11 14 15 17 19 20 21 1.5% 44% 54% 54%
Memo: electricity demand 1 3 3 4 4 5 6 6 2.9% 100% 12% 17%
Power generation fuel1 5 9 11 12 14 15 16 16 1.7% 51% 32% 34%

NORTH AMERICA
Primary 110 109 109 110 112 114 113 111 0.1% 3% 100% 100%
Oil 44 43 43 43 44 44 43 42 -0.1% -2% 39% 38%
Gas 26 28 33 34 36 39 39 40 0.9% 23% 30% 36%
Coal 23 21 14 13 11 10 8 6 -3.3% -55% 13% 6%
Nuclear 9 10 10 9 9 9 9 9 -0.3% -7% 9% 8%
Biomass/Waste 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 -0.2% -5% 3% 3%
Hydro 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 0.9% 24% 2% 3%
Other Renewables 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 3.6% 131% 3% 7%

Demand by sector
Total end-use (including electricity) 82 82 84 86 89 91 91 90 0.3% 8% 100% 100%
Residential and commercial 22 23 21 22 22 22 22 22 0.1% 3% 26% 25%
Transportation 28 30 31 32 32 32 32 31 0.0% 0% 38% 35%
Industrial 32 30 31 32 35 36 37 37 0.7% 18% 37% 41%
Memo: electricity demand 14 16 16 16 17 18 19 19 0.8% 20% 19% 21%
Power generation fuel1 42 43 41 40 40 41 41 40 0.0% -1% 38% 36%

1
Share based on total primary energy
 ExxonMobil Outlook for Energy
2018 Outlook
Average
annual
Energy demand (quadrillion BTUs, unless otherwise noted) change % change
2016 2016 Share of total
Regions 2000 2010 2016 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2040 2040 2016 2040
RUSSIA/CASPIAN
Primary 37 42 41 41 41 41 40 40 -0.2% -4% 100% 100%
Oil 7 8 9 10 10 10 10 10 0.3% 7% 23% 25%
Gas 20 23 21 21 21 20 20 19 -0.4% -10% 51% 48%
Coal 7 7 7 6 6 5 5 5 -1.4% -29% 16% 12%
Nuclear 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 1.9% 57% 7% 11%
Biomass/waste 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0% 0% 1% 1%
Hydro 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.0% 1% 2% 2%
Other renewables 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.6% 800% 0% 0%

Demand by sector
Total end-use (including electricity) 29 33 33 33 33 33 33 32 -0.1% -2% 100% 100%
Residential and commercial 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 8 -0.5% -12% 28% 25%
Transportation 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 0.1% 4% 14% 15%
Industrial 17 20 19 19 19 20 19 19 0.1% 1% 58% 60%
Memo: electricity demand 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 1.1% 30% 13% 17%
Power generation fuel1 19 20 19 19 18 18 18 18 -0.2% -6% 46% 45%

GDP by region (2010$, trillions)

World 50 66 77 86 100 115 132 150 2.8% 95% 100% 100%
OECD 38 44 49 53 58 64 70 77 1.9% 56% 64% 51%
Non OECD 12 21 28 33 42 51 62 73 4.1% 163% 36% 49%
Africa 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 3.9% 151% 3% 4%
Asia Pacific 12 19 25 29 36 44 52 61 3.8% 147% 32% 41%
China 2 6 9 12 16 20 24 29 4.8% 205% 12% 19%
India 1 2 3 3 5 6 8 10 5.9% 299% 3% 7%
Europe 16 19 20 22 24 26 28 30 1.7% 49% 27% 20%
European Union 15 17 18 19 21 23 25 26 1.6% 45% 24% 18%
Latin America 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 2.8% 95% 6% 6%
Middle East 1 2 3 3 3 4 5 6 3.2% 115% 3% 4%
North America 15 18 20 22 24 27 31 34 2.3% 71% 26% 23%
United States 13 15 17 18 21 23 26 29 2.2% 70% 22% 19%
Russia/Caspian 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 2.1% 65% 3% 3%

Energy intensity (thousand BTU per $ GDP)

World 8.1 7.8 7.2 6.7 6.1 5.6 5.0 4.5 -1.9% -37%
OECD 5.7 5.0 4.4 4.1 3.8 3.4 3.1 2.8 -2.0% -38%
Non OECD 15.9 13.7 12.1 10.8 9.5 8.3 7.3 6.4 -2.6% -47%
Africa 18.6 14.9 13.8 13.1 12.1 11.3 10.5 9.7 -1.4% -30%
Asia Pacific 10.4 10.7 9.4 8.5 7.6 6.6 5.9 5.1 -2.5% -45%
China 20.4 16.8 12.5 10.4 8.6 7.1 6.0 5.1 -3.7% -59%
India 21.3 16.0 14.1 12.3 10.5 8.9 7.7 6.5 -3.1% -54%
Europe 4.7 4.2 3.7 3.4 3.1 2.8 2.5 2.3 -2.0% -39%
European Union 4.8 4.3 3.7 3.4 3.0 2.7 2.4 2.2 -2.1% -41%
Latin America 6.4 6.0 6.2 6.0 5.6 5.2 4.8 4.5 -1.3% -27%
Middle East 12.5 13.1 13.4 12.7 11.7 10.8 9.7 8.7 -1.8% -35%
North America 7.3 6.2 5.5 5.0 4.6 4.1 3.7 3.3 -2.1% -40%
United States 7.3 6.0 5.3 4.9 4.4 4.0 3.5 3.1 -2.2% -41%
Russia/Caspian 29.5 19.7 18.0 16.5 14.8 13.1 11.7 10.5 -2.2% -42%

Energy-related CO2 emissions (billion tons)

World 23.7 31.1 32.7 33.5 35.0 35.9 36.4 36.3 0.4% 11% 100% 100%
OECD 12.9 12.9 12.2 11.9 11.5 11.2 10.7 10.1 -0.8% -17% 37% 28%
Non OECD 10.8 18.2 20.5 21.6 23.5 24.7 25.7 26.3 1.0% 28% 63% 72%
Africa 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.7% 90% 4% 7%
Asia Pacific 7.4 13.6 15.4 16.2 17.4 18.1 18.7 18.9 0.8% 22% 47% 52%
China 3.2 7.9 8.7 8.8 9.3 9.3 9.2 8.9 0.1% 2% 27% 25%
India 0.9 1.6 2.3 2.7 3.2 3.6 4.0 4.3 2.6% 87% 7% 12%
Europe 4.4 4.3 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.1 2.9 -1.2% -25% 12% 8%
European Union 4.0 3.9 3.4 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.6 2.4 -1.5% -30% 11% 7%
Latin America 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.4% 39% 4% 5%
Middle East 1.1 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6 0.9% 23% 7% 7%
North America 6.7 6.6 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.0 5.8 5.5 -0.5% -11% 19% 15%
United States 5.8 5.6 5.1 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.7 4.4 -0.6% -14% 16% 12%
Russia/Caspian 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 -0.6% -14% 7% 6%

Share based on total primary energy

1