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∆𝐇 = 𝟔𝟗𝟕. 𝟑 𝐤𝐉
5. A closed gaseous system undergoes a
reversible process during which 25 BTU are
rejected, the volume changing from 5 ft3 to 2
ft3, and the pressure remains constant at 50
psia. Find the change of internal energy.
Q = ∆U + Wnf Wnf = P(V2 − V1 )
∆U = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟔 𝐁𝐓𝐔
Isometric processes (𝐕 = 𝐂)
𝐧 =∞
f
Wnf = i PdV
V = C dV = 0
Wnf = 0
Q = ∆U + Wnf @𝐕=𝐂
P1 P2 T2 P2
f f 1 = =
( Tds = mCV i dT ) T1 T2 T1 P1
2
i
2 dT
T
1 ds = mCV 1 P2
T ∆S = mCV ln
P1
T2
∆S = mCV ln
T1
6. An amount 1.63 lb of gas is contained in a
3
tank, the volume of which is 2 ft . If the
internal energy is decreases by 27.4 Btu as
temperature changes from 200 °F to 100 °F,
compute the specific heat at constant volume
conditions. ∆U = mC ∆t V
−27.4BTU = 1.63 CV 100 − 200 R
𝐁𝐓𝐔
𝐂𝐕 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟔𝟖
𝐥𝐛 − 𝐑
7. Two lb of air 50 psia & occupying 10ft 3
𝐖𝐧𝐟 = −𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝐇𝐩
13. Helium (R = 0.4968 BTU/lbm – R) is
compressed isothermally from 14.7 psia and
68 °F. The compression ratio is 4. Calculate
the work done by the gas.
V2 V1
wnf = RT ln rK =
V1 V2
𝐖𝐧𝐟 = −𝟏𝟏𝟓. 𝟕 𝐤𝐉
20. Air undergoes an isentropic
compression from 14.7 psia to 180.6 psia.
o
If the initial temperature is 68 F and the
o
final temperature is 621.5 F , Calculate
the work done by the gas.
R(t 2 − t1 )
wnf =
1−k
𝐰𝐧𝐟 = −𝟗𝟒. 𝟖𝟕 𝐁𝐓𝐔/𝐥𝐛𝐦
21. Air having an initial pressure of 6,516 kPa
3
and an initial volume of 0.113 m is compressed
adiabatically to a final volume of 0.057 m . 3
𝐐 = 𝐦𝐂𝐧 ∆𝐓
𝐤−𝐧
𝐂𝐧 = 𝐂𝐕
𝟏−𝐧
Q = mCn dT
f f 1
( Tds = mCn i dT )
i
2 2 dT
T
1 ds = mCn 1
T
T2
∆S = mCn ln
T1
24. Determine the value of “n” in the
n
process PV = constant if this process has
the following end states: 100 psia, 1
cu.ft.; 20 psia, 6 cu.ft.
n n
P2 V2 = P1 V1
n n
20 6 = 100 1
𝐧 = 𝟎. 𝟗
25. Work of a polytropic (n=1.21)
compression of air (Cp/Cv = 1.40) in a
system with moving boundary from P1 =
3
15 psia, V1 = 1.0 ft to P2 = 150 psia, V2 =
3
0.15 ft .
P2 V2 − P1 V1
Wnf =
1−n
𝐖𝐧𝐟 = −𝟓𝟏𝟒𝟐. 𝟗 𝐟𝐭 − 𝐥𝐛𝐟
26. Three cubic ft of air is compressed
slowly in a cylinder from 15 psia to 100
o
psia. The initial temperature is 71 F ,
n=1.2. Calculate the final temperature,
heat added and work done.
k−n
n−1 Q = mCn ∆T Cn = CV
T2 P2 n 1−n
= mR(t 2 − t1 )
T1 P1 Wnf =
1−n
27. 1 gas at 1 atmosphere pressure originally
3
occupies a volume of 20 ft . The gas is
polytropically compressed with n=1.15 until the
pressure is 48.51 psia. What work is required
for this compression?
n n P2 V2 − P1 V1
P2 V2 = P1 V1 Wnf =
1−n
𝐖𝐧𝐟 = −𝟒𝟕 𝟓𝟔𝟓. 𝟗 𝐟𝐭 − 𝐥𝐛𝐟
28. One pound of air (consider here a perfect
gas) with an initial temperature of 200F is
allowed to expand without flow between
pressures of 90 and 15 psia. Which of the
three processes, PV=C, PVk=C, PV1.5=C will
produce the maximum work with minimum
heat transfer.
if max work PV = C
k
if max work with min heat PV = C
29. Air is compressed in a cylinder during a non-
flow reversible polytropic process from an initial
o
temperature and pressure of 80 F and 15psia to
o
a final temperature and pressure of 285 F and
75psia. The cylinder contains 0.01lb of air, and
2
the area of the piston is 0.20 ft . Find:
A. The value of polytropic exponent, n 𝐧 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓
B. The work done in ft-lb −𝟒𝟑𝟕. 𝟓 𝐟𝐭 − 𝐥𝐛𝐟
C. The change of internal energy, BTU 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓𝟏𝐁𝐓𝐔
D. The heat transferred, BTU −𝟎. 𝟐𝟏𝐁𝐓𝐔
E. The distance the piston moves during the
process, inches 𝟓. 𝟕𝟖 𝐢𝐧.