IRRIGATION

IRRIGATION INTRODUCTION
• Irrigation involves artificially providing water to crops.
This technique is used in farming to enable plants to
grow .when there is not enough rain, particularly in arid
areas
• 66% of the world's water catchment is used in farming,
which continues to make increasing use of irrigation.
But in most irrigation systems 50 to 60% of the water
used does not benefit the plants.
 Benefits of irrigation
• Increase in crop yield/Food production
• Protection form famine
• Cultivation of superior crops
• Elimination of mixed cropping
• Afforestration
• Hydro power generation (runoff river)
• Domestic and industrial water supply
Disadvantage or ill effects of irrigation
• Groundwater pollution
• Colder and damper climate
• Water logging
 Types of irrigation
Irrigation

Surface irrigation Sub-surface irrigation

Flood irrigation
Sub-surface dip irrigation
Flow irrigation
Basin irrigation

Furrow irrigation

Check basin irrigation

Lift irrigation
Sprinkler irrigation

Dip irrigation
 Flood irrigation
• Flood irrigation is an ancient method of irrigation crops. It was
likely the first form of irrigation used by humans as they
begins cultivation crops and is still of the most commonly
used methods of irrigation used today.
• Also called as inundation irrigation or uncontrolled irrigation.
Border irrigation
Border irrigation method
 Furrow irrigation
• In this method only one-fifth and one-half of the land
surface is wetted by water.
• Result in less evaporation and permits cultivation
sooner after irrigation
• It’s a narrow field ditch excavated between two rows
of plants and carry irrigation water through them
• Spacing of ditch decided by types of plant generally 8
to 30 cm deep and 400 m long.
Furrow irrigation
 Sprinkler irrigation
• Water is applied to the soil in the forms of a spray
through a network of pipe and pumps
Advantage:-
 applicable for all type of soil and topographies
 All type of crops except paddy
 80-85% distribution efficiency
Types:-
Permanent
Semi permanent
Portable system
Sprinkler system
 Limitation of sprinkler irrigation system
 costly affairs
Distortion due to wind velocity
 Drip irrigation
• Also known as trickle irrigation
• Latest field irrigation technique
• Adopted where there exist acute scarcity of irrigation
water
Parts of drip irrigation system
1. Main
2. Sub-main
3. Laterals
4. Drippers or emitters (drop nozzle)
Drip irrigation
Drip irrigation
Drip irrigation
 Quality of irrigation water
• Sediments concentration in water
• Total concentration of soluble salt
• Bicarbonate concentration
• Bacterial contamination
- Salt concentration is generally express by ppm
- 700-2000 ppm injurious to all crop
- It measure by determine electrical
conductivity
- Sodium absorption ration(SAR)-