BOT-101

What is a Virus?
A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other
organisms. Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to
microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea.
What is DNA?
DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid, and is contained in your body's cells. It is a double, long
chain of molecules called nucleotides that tell each cell what proteins to make. The DNA
itself makes up chromosomes.
What is RNA?
RNA stands for ribonucleic acid, which is a long, single -stranded chain of cells that
processes protein. An example of RNA is a chain of cells that carries genetic information
of many viruses from the cell to the cytoplasm.
What is immune system function?
The immune system is the body's defense against infectious organisms and other invaders.
The immune system is made up of a network of cells, tissues, and organs that work
together to protect the body.
What is disease?
a disord er of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant, especially one that
produces specific symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct
result of physical injury.
Meaning of Genes Interactions?
When expression of one gene de pends on the presence or absence of another gene in an
individual, it is known as gene interaction. The interaction of genes at different loci that
affect the same character is called epistasis.
What is the Structure of Virus?
All viruses contain the following two components:
1) a nucleic acid genome (DNA/RNA)
2) a protein capsid that covers the genome. Together this is called the nucleocapsid.
In addition, many animal viruses contain a
3) lipid envelope.
What is capsid?
A capsid is the protein shell of a virus. It consists of several oligomeric structural subunits
made of protein called protomers. The observable 3-dimensional morphological subunits,
which may or may not correspond to individual proteins, are called capsom eres.
The capsid encloses the genetic material of the virus.
What is Nucleocapsid?
Nucleocapsid is a unit of vrial structure, consisting of a capsid with the enclosed nucleic
acid; it is generally inside the cytoplasm. Depending on the virus, the nucleocapsid may
correspond to a naked core or be surrounded by a membranous envelope

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 BOT-101

What is the difference between nucleocapsid and capsid?

Viruses which do not have membranes are termed "naked". The protein coat (capsid) and
the nucleic acid together are the nucleocapsid. "Virion" refers to the entire virus. In
the case of an enveloped virus, the virion is the entire viru s and the nucleocapsid is
the capsid and nucleic acid, minus the envelope.
What is capsomere?
The capsomere is a subunit of the capsid, an outer covering of protein that protects the
genetic material of a virus.Capsomeres self-assemble to form the capsid.

Difference between Enveloped Virus and Non Enveloped Virus

Enveloped Virus Non Enveloped Virus

Enveloped virus has the
Outer membranous envelope
Covering surrounding the capsid.
The enveloped virus rarely does
Virulent
cell lysis in the host.
Enveloped virus are sensitive to
Different
the conditions like drying and
Conditions
heating
Enveloped virus gets the
transmission to the living cells
Transmitted through the secretions, and most
notably through blood or organ
transplants.
Influenza virus, Hepatitis C and
Example
HIV.
Non-enveloped virus lacks such
covering and has capsid as the
outermost part.
The non-enveloped virus is more
virulent as compared to the
enveloped virus as it causes the
breaking down of the membrane of
the cell (lysis).
Non-enveloped virus even remains
effective after drying and provides
resistance against the conditions like
heating and drying.
Non-enveloped virus gets the
transmission to the living cells
through the oral matter or fecal.
Feline Calcivirus, Murine
Norovirus, and Vesicular
Exanthema Virus.

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