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Chief Complaints:
The patient also complains of cough which is usually dry, with occasional
scanty mucoid sputum
On query, the patient agreed that he has occasional attack of running nose
and sneezing, more
esophagitis.
Family history: His brother is suffering from bronchial asthma and food
allergy.
General Examination:
Vital signs:
Pulse: 120/min
BP: 120/70 mm Hg
Respiratory rate: 24/min.
Systemic Examination:
1. Respiratory examination:
Inspection:
Palpation:
Percussion:
Auscultation:
Answer. Cardiac asthma means left ventricular failure in which the patient
usually presents with sudden severe dyspnea and cough with profuse mucoid
expectoration. On examination, there are bilateral basal crepitations and
no rhonchi or wheeze.
Answer. As follows:
remodeling, involving the large and small airways with mucus impaction.)
attack, the patient may or may not have symptoms and lung function tests
are abnormal, except
Mild – usually the patient has nocturnal attack of dyspnea more than 2 times per month and
baseline (i.e. during symptom free state) PEFR or FEV1 is usually < 80 to 65% of predicted
value. Occasionally, lung function tests may be normal in between attacks.
Moderate – usually the patient has almost daily attack of dyspnea and baseline PEFR or FEV1
is < 65 to 50% of predicted value.
Severe – usually the patient has dyspnea to some extent continuously for 6 months or more
and baseline PEFR or FEV1 is less than 50% of predicted value.
Mild – The patient is dyspneic, but can complete a sentence in one breath.
Moderate – The patient is more dyspneic and cannot complete a sentence in one breath.
Severe (severe acute asthma) – The patient is severely dyspneic, talks in words and may be
restless, even unconscious.
Cold dry air that enters into the lungs during exercise is the main trigger
factor. Increased ventilation
Treatment:
Treatment:
Answer. Symptoms of asthma that occurs after use of certain drugs such
as aspirin, beta blocker, some nonsteroidal anti-inframmatory drugs
(NSAIDs), etc. These drugs can cause bronchospasm.
Answer. As follows:
not allergic, usually begins after the age of 30 years, tends to be more
continuous and more severe.
12. What are the features of life threatening or very severe asthma?
Answer . As follows:
Answer. As follows:
Answer. As follows: