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Cash and Cash Equivalents Retail Method
Equity is never part of Cash Equivalents because it Available for Sale (AFS) xx
does not have a redemption period. Sales xx
Redeemable Preference Shares to be liquidated Sales Return Only (x)
within 3 months is CE Employee Discount xx
Normal Shrink/Shoplift xx xx
Receivables Inventory – retail xx
1. Percent of Sales – doubtful accounts expense Cost ratio* x%
2. Percent of AR – regular allowance Inventory Cost xx
3. Aging of Receivables – regular allowance
*Cost Ratio
𝐴𝑣𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
Receivable Financing
To accelerate cash collection 𝐴𝑣𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒 − 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑙
1. Pledge
1. Conservative/conventional – net mark up
a. AR is considered as collateral for a loan
2. Average – net mark up, net mark down
b. Disclosed in notes as general assignment
3. FIFO – net mark up, net mark down
2. Assignment
a. Also a collateral for loan
Biological Assets
b. Disclosed in notes a specific assignment
Living animals or plants measured at FVCTS
3. Factoring of AR - Sale of accounts receivables
4. Discounting of Notes Receivable Agricultural Produce depends
a. Without recourse (absolute sale) o As the product grows – bioasset at FVLCTS
b. With recourse o When harvested – inventory at FVLCTS at
i. Conditional (contingent) harvest point
ii. Secured (primary) Bearer Animals remain Bioassets
Bearer Plants are now PPE
*Weighted Average Time to Maturity: use 365 days o Used in the production of supply
o Expected to bear more than 1 year
Notes Receivable o Remote likelihood that the plant will be sold as
Valuation of Notes Receivable agri-produce
1. Short term – Face Value Animals at the Zoo are now PPE
2. Long Term
a. Interest bearing - PV Investment
b. Non-interest bearing – amortized Equity Investments
Passive interest in another company (< 20%)
Impairment of Loan Receivable 1. FVPL
1. CA of Loan Receivable + Any accrued interest a. Trading investments
(Contractual Cash Flows) > PV of estimated FCF b. Nontrading, if measurable
using original effective interest rate c. All other quoted equity inv.
2. Impairment loss is an allowance account 2. FVOCI
3. Interest income CA of LR net of allowance for a. Nontrading irrevocably designated at FVOCI
impairment loss Amortized at effective rate b. NEVER reclassified
Types of Recovery Current Tax Expense = Taxable Income * Tax Rate for the
1. Asset Swap – creditor will accept any asset Year
a. IFRS –
G/L on Ext. =Total Obligation Settled – CV of Asset Shortcut Formula (No change in Tax Rate)
Transferred Total Tax Expense = (Accounting Income – Permanent
b. GAAP Differences) * Tax Rate for the Year
G/L on Extinguishment = G/L on Exchange (1) – G/L on
Restructuring (2) Formula if there is change in tax rate:
Where: Total Tax Expense = Current Tax Expense + Deferred Tax
(1) = FV of Asset – CV of Asset Expense – Deferred Tax Asset
(2) = Total Liab. Settled – FV of Asset
*net effect of IFRS and GAAP are the same
2. Equity Swap Employee Benefits
a. In order, capital should be measured at: Components of Employee Benefits Expense
i. FV of Shares Service Cost
ii. FV of Liability o Current Service Cost – increase in
iii. CV of Liability benefits for services rendered in current
G/L on Extinguishment = Total Liab. Settled – year
measurement of capital o Past Service Cost – increase in benefits
*convertible bonds are not in this scope for services rendered previously (whether
3. Modification of Terms vested or not)
a. Reduction of Principal Balance o Any gain or loss on settlement of plan in
b. Reduction of Interest Rate advance
c. Extension of Term 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐵𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑡 𝑂𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑆𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑑
− 𝑆𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 = 𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑟 (𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠)
New Liability is measured at PV Net Interest Expense (All at Discount)
Total Liab – New PV. = G/L on Extinguishment o Interest Expense on PBO, beg
o Interest Income on FVPA, beg
Amendment Applicable to October 2018 o Interest Expense on effect of asset ceiling
Previously – atleast 10% of total for it to be
substantial and classified as extinguishment (new Asset ceiling is the limit of prepaid benefit cost. The
effective rate will be used) reduction is the effect on asset ceiling.
Now – recognize G/L even if <10%. Always
modification never extinguishment. Remeasurements are OCI Components
1. Remeasurement of PBO
Bonds Payable a. Actuarial Loss if increase in PBO
Serial bonds – installment term bonds – single date b. Actuarial Gain if decrease in PBO
Debenture bonds – unsecured subordinated - less 2. Remeasurements of Plant Assets
Deferred Income Tax a. Actual Return – Any interest income =
Taxable income – computed based on the income Remeasurement G/L
tax law (ITR). 3. Remeasurements of effect of Asset Ceiling
Accounting/Financial Income – based on a. Increase in effect in AC is Loss minus
Accounting Standards interest expense on effect
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING – aimiel f. reyes
b. Decrease in effect in AC is Gain plus 3. Measurement of Property – Lower of CA or
interest expense on effect FVLCTS (NCAHS)
4. Settlement Date – recognize gain or loss in P/L
Termination Benefit – no need to render additional service. 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑃𝑎𝑦𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 − 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦
Obligating event is termination of service = 𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠
Wasting Assets Doctrine
Short Term Benefit- Conditional upon performing service. Exception to the Trust Fund Doctrine capital can be
returned to the shareholders
PSC XX Actual Return XX EBE X
CSC XX Interest (FPA) (X) NRG/L (X) Maximum Dividend to be Declared
Interest (PBO) XX Rem. G/L XX DBO X Accumulated Depletion xx
Interest (FPA) (X) Actuarial G/L XX Cont. X Retained Earnings xx xx
EB Expense Net Rem. Gain ABC Adjustments:
XX XX X
Capital Liquidated (x)
Unrealized Depletion (x)
FVPA PBO Maximum Dividend Declared xx
Beginning Benefits Paid Benefits Paid Beginning
Contribution Act.. Gain PSC Capital Liquidated – Share capital returned previously
Actual Return CSC Unrealized depletion – part of inventory not yet sold
Discount
Act. Loss Share-based Compensation
Shareholder’s Equity Equity Settled Share options
1. Measurement – Share Issuance Cash Settled Share appreciation rights
a. FV of Consideration Received Both are compensation for services rendered
b. FV of Shares
c. Par or Stated Value SOO SAR
*Discount on Share Capital should be shown as a Settlement Equity Cash
deduction from equity Debit Salaries Exp Salaries Exp
Credit SOO (SP) Liability (Cash)
2. Treatment of Share Issue Cost – order of priority:
a. Deduction from Share Premium – Current Measurement – SOO in order:
Issuance 1. FV of Share Options at Declaration Date
b. Deduction from Share Premium – Previous 2. If no FV, then Intrinsic Value
Issuance a. Not fixed in amount (depends on Market)
c. Retained Earnings b. Remeasured at Year End and Settlement
Date
3. Accounting for Treasury Shares – not considered (𝐸𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 − 𝑂𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒)
as financial assets. Cost Method Measurement – SAR in order:
a. Reissuance 1. FV of Liability
i. Gain – Cr @ SP-TS
a. Not fixed in amount (depends on Market
ii. Loss – Dr SP-TS, or RE
b. Remeasured at Year End and Settlement
b. Retirement – cancel share capital and Date
share premium original
(𝐸𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 − 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒)
i. Gain – Cr @ SP-TS
Vest Immediately: Expense Immediately
ii. Loss – Dr @ SP-Or, SP-TS, RE
Do not Vest Immediately: Expensed over the vesting period
Retained Earnings
Book Value Per Share
Share Dividends BVPS is computed to know how much a shareholder will
No effect in total assets and total equity receive if the company liquidates
Capitalized Retained Earnings BV per Preference
< 20% - fair value of shares at date of declaration.
Exception: if FV < Par Value 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦
> 20% - par value of shares is used # 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔
Property Dividends Preference Equity Components
1. Initial recoginition - Liability is measured at FV if 1. Total Par/Stated Value Outstanding
property at date of declaration. 2. Any Liquidation Premium (Liquidation Price –
2. Remeasurement of Liability – Change in FV at: Par/Stated Value
a. Year end, and 3. Preference Dividend (Undeclared and unpaid)
b. Settlement date a. Cumulative (All dividend in arrears)*
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING – aimiel f. reyes
b. Noncumulative (Current year only)
*In arrears – current year has been taken into consideration If no fair value for Ex-right, we use theoretical value:
already
BV per Ordinary 𝑀𝑃𝐸 = 𝑀𝑃𝑅𝑂 − 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 (𝑇𝑉)
Where:
𝑂𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑀𝑃𝑅𝑂 − 𝐸𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒
𝑇𝑉 =
# 𝑜𝑓 𝑂𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑂𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 # 𝑜𝑓 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑐𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒 1 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒 + 1