Credit 1.

Understanding environment
Important points to remember
1. Word environment has been derived from a French word environ which means” to encircle” or” to surround.”
th
2. World environment day is celebrated each year on 5 June.
3. Environment has 3 types of components. Biotic, Abiotic and Social.
4. Environment includes atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere.
5. The concept of environment is based on; dimensions of totality of environment, shift in the interest & globality.
6. The increase in pollution, toxic agents, desertification, deforestation and other factors that degrade the environment is called
environmental degradation.
7. The main source of energy for the biosphere is sunlight. 8. What percent of solar radiation is used in photosynthesis- 2%
9. The blanket of gases and vapors’ around the earth is known as atmosphere.
10. Atmosphere has been divided into –troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere and thermosphere (ionosphere and exosphere).
0
11. Coldest region of atmosphere is mesosphere (temperature -90 to -100 C).
12. Ozone layer is present in stratosphere.
13. Concentration of ozone in stratosphere is 10 ppm and in tropopause 0.5 ppm.
14. Ozone layer is also called Ozonosphere. 15. Ozone hole or Ozone depletion occurred above Antarctica.
16. Most of the climatic events like cloud formation, rainfall etc. takes place in troposphere.
17. Significant layer of atmosphere for the flight of jet planes is stratosphere.
18. Total fresh water reserve of the earth is about 2.7%
19. Nitrogen content of atmosphere is 78.08%. Oxygen content of atmosphere is 21.94%.
20. Argon in atmosphere is 0.94%. Carbon dioxide in atmosphere 0.03%. 21. Light is measured by photometer.
22. The atmospheric constituent which remains constant is nitrogen.
23. The word ecosystem was first given by A G Tansley in 1935. 24. Ecosystem has two components- Abiotic and biotic.
25. Organisms which make their own food are called producers or autotrophs.
26. Microorganisms which produce organic matter through oxidation of certain chemicals in the absence of sunlight are called
chemosynthetic organisms or chemo- autotrophs. e.g. Sulphur Bacteria
27. Consumers are also called heterotrophs. 28. Decomposers are also called saprotrophs or Reducers.
29. The characteristic path of a nutrient cycle is always circular.
30. Number of steps of a food chain is limited to 4-5. 31. Food chains show a unique property of biomagnification.
Increase in concentration of any toxic substance from one trophic level to another is called biomagnification.
32. The ability to do work is called energy.(SI Unit of energy is Joule).
33. Flow of energy in an ecosystem is unidirectional and non cyclic.
34. Flow of energy in an ecosystem is supported by first and second law of thermodynamics.
35. Only 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to another, as 90% of energy is lost as heat, respiration etc.
36. Shorter the food chain greater would be the available energy.
37. Energy flow in ecosystem is also called 10% law. 10% Law of energy flow was proposed by Lindeman.
38. Pyramid of number is upright in grassland, forest ecosystem etc.
39. Pyramid of number is inverted in tree ecosystem or parasitic food chain.
40. The total dry weight or fresh weight of living organisms is called biomass.
41. Pyramid of biomass is upright in forest, grassland ecosystem etc.
42. Pyramid of biomass is inverted in aquatic ecosystem (pond, lake etc).
43. Pyramid of energy is always upright because there is loss of energy while passing from one trophic level to another.
44. The study of ecosystems is called ecology. 45. Term ecology was first proposed by F.Clements.
46. Food chains are of two types. Grazing and Detritus.
47. Animals which eat plants are called herbivores.
48. Meat eating animals are also called carnivores.
49. Animals which eat both plants and animals are called omnivores. e.g Man
50. Concept of ecological pyramid was given by Charles Elton (1927).
51. Ecological pyramids are also called Eltonian Pyramid or Food Pyramid or Trophic pyramid.
52. The different species of a food chain are called trophic levels. A group of organisms deriving energy from same source is called
trophic level.
53. The subject that deals with the study of informational services of ecosystem is called informational ecology.
54. The living or dwelling place of an organism is called habitat. 55. Role played by an organism in ecosystem is called ecological niche.
56. When numbers of food chains are interconnected, it is called food web.
57. Primary consumers are also called herbivores or secondary producers.
58. The process of polluting streams, rivers and lakes by the excessive addition of inorganic fertilizers is called eutrophication.
 Objective Type Questions
1. The word environment has been derived from
(a) French word (b) Latin word
(c) Greek word (d) None of the above
Ans. (a) French word
2. The percentage of nitrogen in atmosphere is
(a) 20% (b) 50.5%
(c) 78.08% (d) 12%
Ans.(c) 78.08%
3. The oxygen content of atmosphere is about
(a) 10% (b) 15%
(c) 20.94% (d) 25.2%
Ans. (c) 20.94%
4. The percentage of CO2 In atmosphere is
(a) 0.03% (b) 0.6%
(c) 0.3% (d) 0.06%
Ans. (a) 0.03%
5. Which gas is responsible for ozone depletion?
(a) Carbon dioxide (b) Carbon monoxide
(c) Chlorofluoro Carbons (d) All of the above
Ans. (c) Chlorofluoro Carbons
6. Ozone layer is present in
(a) Mesosphere (b) Ionosphere
(c) Exosphere (d) Stratosphere
Ans. (d) Stratosphere
7. Environment has how many types of components
(a) 3 (b) 4
(c) 5 (d) 6
Ans. (a) 3
8. The quantity of water in oceans is
(a) 60.3% (b) 70.3%
(c) 87.3% (d) 97.3%
Ans. (d) 97.3%
9. Total fresh water reserve of the earth is
(a) 1% (b) 2.7%
(c) 3.7% (d) 4.7%
Ans. (b) 2.7%
10. World Environment Day is celebrated each year on
th th
(a) 5 June (b) 5 May
th th
(c) 5 April (d) 5 December
th
Ans. (a) 5 June
11. Which of the following constituents of atmospheric air remains constant?
(a) Water (b) Nitrogen
(c) Smoke particles (d) None of the above
Ans. (b) Nitrogen
12. The lowest temperature in the atmosphere is
0 0
(a) -50 C (b) -60 C
0 0
(c) -80 C (d) -90 C
0
Ans. (d) -90 C
13. The main source of energy for the biosphere is
(a) Respiration (b) Carbohydrates
(c) Sun light (d) Photosynthesis
Ans. (c) Sunlight
14. The word ecosystem was first given in 1935 by
(a) Odum (b) Rieter
(c) Charles Elton (d) A G Tansley
Ans. (d) AG Tansley
15. Which of the following is a possible producer in an ecosystem?
(a) Animals (b) Human beings
(c) Fish (d) Plants
Ans. (d) Plants
16. In an aquatic ecosystem phytoplankton can be considered as a
(a) Producer (b) Consumer
(c) Decomposer (d) None
Ans. (a) Producer
17. What percent of solar radiation is used in photosynthesis?
(a) 2% (b) 4%
(c) 6% (d) 8%
Ans.(a) 2%
18. All the populations in a given physical area are termed as
(a) Population (b) Community
(c) Biotic community (d) none of the above
Ans.(c) Biotic community
19. Which of the following is a primary consumer?
(a) Frog (b) Wolf
(c) Fox (d) Cow
Ans. (d) Cow
20. The importance of ecosystem lies in
(a) Flow of energy (b) Cycling of materials
(c) Both the above (d) None of the above
Ans.(c) Both the above
21. Ecosystem has two components
(a) Plants and animals (b) Weeds and trees
(c) Biotic and abiotic (d) none of the above
Ans. (c) Biotic and abiotic
22. Biotic components include
(a) Producers (b) Consumers
(c) Decomposers (d) All of the above
Ans. (d) All of the above
23. Pyramid of number in a grassland or crop ecosystem is
(a) Upright (b) inverted
(c) Both the above (d) none of the above
Ans. (a) upright
24. In grassland and tree ecosystem pyramid of biomass is
(a) Inverted (b) upright
(c) Both the above (d) None of the above
Ans. (b) upright
25. Pyramid of energy in an ecosystem is always
(a) Upright (b) inverted
(c) Upright and inverted (d) none of the above
Ans. (a) upright
26. What is the position of man in an ecosystem?
(a) Producer (b) Herbivore
(c) Carnivore (d) Omnivore
Ans. (d) Omnivore
27. Which of the following is a logical sequence?
(a) Producer consume decomposer
(b) Producer decomposer consumer
(c) Consumer producer decomposer
(d) Decomposer producer consumer
Ans. (a) Producer consumer decomposer
28. The energy flow in an ecosystem is
(a) Cyclic (b) unidirectional
(c) Radiant (d) none of the above
Ans. (b) unidirectional
29. The driving force for an ecosystem is
 (a) Producers (b) Solar energy
(c) Biomass (d) none
Ans. (b) solar energy
30. A food chain can have trophic levels
(a) Two (b) One
(c) Three or four (d) Two
Ans. © Three or four
31. In a tree ecosystem the pyramid of number is
(a) upright (b) inverted
(c) Both the above (d) none of the above
Ans. (b) inverted
32. Types of food chains are
(a) One (b) two
(c) Three (d) four
Ans. (b) two
33. The 10% law of energy transfer in food chain was given by
(a) Tansley (b) Odum
© Stanley (d) Lindeman
Ans. (d) Lindeman
34. The maximum population in a food chain is that of
(a) Producers (b) Herbivore
(c) Secondary consumers (d) top consumers
Ans. (a) producers
35. The pyramid of biomass in an aquatic ecosystem is
(a) upright (b) inverted
(c) Both (d) none of the above
Ans.(b) inverted
Credit 2 Natural Resources
Important points to remember
1. Resource: - A resource means a source or supply or support generally held in a reserve.
2. Reserve: - A reserve is that portion of a resource which is identified and from which usable materials can be legally and
economically extracted at the time of evaluation.
3. Life on this planet earth depends upon a variety of goods and services provided by nature which are called natural resources.
e.g. water, air, soil, forests, food, minerals, coal, crops, wildlife etc. Any stock or reserve that can be drawn from nature is a
natural resource.
4. Land covers 20-25% of the earth’s surface. Land covers 13393x10 hectares (13393 million hectares) on earth. 313 million
hectares of land is covered with ice.
5. 43.6% 0f land in India is used for agriculture purposes. At global level 11% of land is used for agriculture.
6. Total land area of India is 328 million hectares.
7. Land degradation means the deterioration in fertility of soils causing loss of productivity.
8. Land degradation gradually leads to desertification. Earth has five main natural deserts.
9. Term desertification was coined by A.Aubreville in 1949.
10. Moderate desertification- when arid soils show 10-25% drop in productivity.
11. Severe desertification- 25-50% drop in productivity.
12. Very severe desertification causes more than 50% drop in productivity.
13. The largest desert of the world is Sahara desert in Africa. 14. Thar Desert in located in Rajasthan India.
15. Gobi desert of China and Ladakh are examples of cold deserts.
16. Shifting cultivation is also called Jhum cultivation, involves a practice of slash and burn agriculture by the tribal communities.
17. Forest is defined as a biotic community comprising vegetation of trees, plants, shrubs, herbs etc.
18. Total forest cover of the world is 30% (Over 4 billion hectares of land are under forests).
19. Forest cover of India is 24.1% (78 million hectares of land in India is under forests).
20. Total forest cover of J&K is 19.95 %( 20233 square kms).
21. According to national forest policy 33% of land must be covered by forests.
22. Afforestation means growing the forests for the first time.
23. Reforestation means growing the forests again over a deforestated land.
24. 70% of the earth’s surface is covered by water that is why it is also called a blue planet.
25. 97.3% of total water is in oceans, 2.14% of total water is locked up in polar ice caps and glaciers and less than 1% is available
as fresh water( surface and ground water). 26. Appropriate amount of fresh water on earth is 3%.
27. Indus Water Treaty was signed between India and Pakistan in the Year 1960. Pakistan retained the rights over three western
rivers-Jhelum, Chenab and Indus River. India retained the rights over three eastern rivers- Ravi, Beas and Sutlej River.
28. Water conflicts are of three kinds- water conflict between countries, water conflict between states and conflict between
industries and local population.
29. 1.5 billion people throughout the world depend on ground water as their only source of drinking water.
30. Examples of renewable sources of energy are solar energy, water power, wind energy, geothermal energy, tidal energy,
biomass energy, wood and biogas.
32. Examples of non renewable energy sources are fossil fuels like coal, natural gas, tar, crude oil and nuclear energy like uranium,
thorium, plutonium etc.
33. The clean source of energy is water power or hydro power.
34. Biogas is produced from animal and plant wastes. Biogas contains mainly methane.
35. OTEC stands for Ocean thermal energy conversion.
36. Geothermal energy is harnessed in Ladakh (Jammu and Kashmir).
37. Largest source of energy in the world at present is oil.
38. Which account the maximum use of fresh water—Agriculture.
39. India has just 2.4% of the world’s total land area and holds 16% of the world’s total population.
40. Renewable energy sources are also called non conventional energy sources.
Objective Type Questions
1. The total land area of India is
(a) 328m hectares (b) 428m hectares
(c) 500 m hectares (d) 528 m hectares
Ans. (a) 328m hectares
2. Geographically land covers how much of earth’s surface?
(a) 20-25% (b) 30-35%
(c) 35-40% (d) 40-45%
Ans. (a) 20-25%
3. Maximum use of land in India is for
(a) Meadows (b) Agriculture
(c) Forests (d) urban land
Ans. Agriculture
4. Total forest cover of the world is
(a) 25% (b) 30%
(c) 35% (d) 40%
Ans.(b) 30%
5. Total forest cover of India is
(a) 20% (b) 24.1%
(c) 26.1% (d) 27.1%
Ans. (b) 24.1%
6. Total forest cover of Jammu & Kashmir is
(a) 10% (b) 15%
(c) 17.5% (d) 19.95%
Ans. (d) 19.95%
7. Which of the following is not a forest product?
(a) Paper (b) Lac
(c)Sports (d) Cement
Ans.(d). Cement
8. The main cause of desertification is
(a) Overgrazing (b) deforestation
(c) Water logging (d) Urbanization
Ans. (b) deforestation
9. The term desertification was coined by
(a) Tansley (b) Aubreville
(c) Odum (d)None of the above
Ans. (b) Aubreville
10. Example of Culturable waste land is
(a) Degraded forest land (b) Saline land
(c) Both the above (d) None of the above
Ans. (c) Both the above
11. How much of the earth’s surface is covered by water?
(a) 50% (b) 55%
© 65% (d) 70%
Ans. (d) 70%
12. Indus water treaty was signed between India and Pakistan in the year
(a) 1960 (b) 1970
(c) 1980 (d) 1990
Ans. (a) 1960
13. Maximum amount of energy is used by which country?
(a) India (b) Japan
(c) France (d) USA
Ans. (d) USA
14. Biogas contains mainly
(a) Methane (b) Hydrogen
(c) Ethylene (d) Oxygen
Ans. Methane
15. Main source of water to soil is
(a) River (b) Underground water
(c) Streams (d) Rainfall
Ans. (d) Rainfall
16. Forests are
(a) Non renewable (b) Exhaustible
© Inexhaustible (d) Non degradable
Ans. (b) Exhaustible
17. According to National forest policy how much of the land should be under forests?
(a) 25% (b) 28%
(c) 33% (d) 38%
Ans. (c) 33%
18. Largest source of energy in the world at present is
(a) Coal (b) oil
©Wood (d) Biogas
Ans. (b) Oil
19. Identify the non renewable source of energy from the following
(a)Coal (b) Wind power
(c) Wave power (d) Biogas
Ans. (a) Coal
20. Example of non renewable source is
(a) Coal (b) Natural gas
© Nuclear energy (d) All the above
Ans. (d) All the above
21. Soil is a
(a) Renewable resource (b) Non renewable
© Exhaustible (d) None of the above
Ans. (a) Renewable resource
22. The example of non renewable source is:
(a).Solar energy (b)Water power
©.Forests (d) Minerals
Ans.(d). Minerals
23. The main factors responsible for soil erosion are:
(a). Over grazing (b).Deforestation
(c). Both the above (d) None of the above
Ans. (c) Both the above
 Credit 3- Biodiversity & its conservation
Important points to remember
1. The convention of biological diversity was held in 1992. 2. The basic source of biodiversity is genetic diversity.
3. The word biodiversity was first given by Walter G. Rosen in 1985.
4. The total number of living species in the world given by Wilson is 10- 50 million.
5. The total number of plant species in India is 45000. 6. IBWL stands for Indian Board for Wildlife.
7. Project Tiger was launched in 1972 to save the tiger from the brink of extinction. At present there are 49 tiger reserves in India.
8. Project Hangul was launched in the year 1970.
9. India has been divided into 10 biogeographical zones. 10. Total number of biosphere reserves in India is 18.
11. All those naturally occurring plants, animals and their species which are not domesticated or cultivated is called wildlife.
12. Red list is a catalogue of animals and plants that are facing the risk of extinction.
13. Red Data book is published by IUCN. 14. First biosphere reserve established in India is Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (1986).
15. Dachigam National Park is famous for Hangul. 16. Zoological name of Hangul(Kashmir stag) is Cervus elaphus hanglu.
17. Biodiversity Treaty was signed by 171 countries, including India, at the Earth Summit in Rio De Janeiro (Brazil) in June 1992. It came into
effect in December 1993. 18. International biodiversity day is celebrated each year on May 22.
Objective type questions
1. Dachigam National Park is famous for
(a) Tiger (b) Lion
(c) Rhino (d) Hangul
Ans. (d) Hangul
2. Genetic variation between populations of the same species is called
(a) Biodiversity (b) Genetic diversity
(c) Species diversity (d) Ecosystem diversity
Ans. (b) Genetic diversity
3. Which of the following is a biodiversity hotspot in India
(a) Western Ghats (b) Gulf of Mannar
(c) Sunderbans (d) Nilgiri
Ans. Western Ghats
4. Who introduced the concept of biodiversity hotspot?
(a) Charles Darwin (b) A G Tansley
(c) Norman Myers (d) UNEP
Ans. (c) Norman Myers
5. Red Data book published by IUCN includes
(a) Extinct species (b) Exotic species
(c) Rare species (d) Endangered species
Ans. (d) Endangered species.
6. Which of the following is Ex situ conservation method
(a) Seed Bank (b) Gene Bank
(c) Zoo (d) All the above
Ans.(d) All of the above.
7. Which of the following is an in situ conservation method?
(a) National park (b) Wildlife Sanctuary
(c) Biosphere reserve (d) All of the above
Ans. (d) All of the above
8. In a national park protection is given to
(a) Flora and Fauna (b) Flora only
(c) Fauna only (d) Entire ecosystem
Ans.(d) Entire ecosystem
9. Dachigam National park is located in
(a) Srinagar (b) Jammu
(c) Delhi (D) Ladakh
Ans. (a) Srinagar
10. WWF stands for
(a) World wild Fund (b) World Welfare Fund
(c) World Wildlife Fund (d) All of the above
Ans.(c) World Wildlife Fund
11. World Biodiversity Day is celebrated on
(a) 21 March (b) 22 May
th
(c) 5 June (d) 12 October
Ans.(b) 22 May
12. Biodiversity Hotspots contain
(a) Maximum biodiversity (b) Less biodiversity
(c) Effective conservation (d) None of the above
Ans. (a) Maximum biodiversity
13. Species diversity is measured by
(a) Shannon Wiener index (b) Simpson index
(c) Both the above (d) None of the above
Ans. (c) Both the above
14. The living and dwelling place of an organism is called
(a) Niche (b) Habitat
(c)Ecotone (d) Ecosystem
Ans. (b) Habitat
15. Species which are found in certain area only and nowhere else
are called
(a) Exotic species (b) Endangered species
(c) Endemic species (d) Invasive species
Ans. (c) Endemic species
16. Exotic species are also called
(a) Alien species (b) Non native species
(c) Introduced species (d) All of the above
Ans. (d) All of the above
17. Total number of hotspots of biodiversity in the world is
(a) 20 (b) 25
(c) 30 (d) 35
Ans. (d) 35
18. Total number of biosphere reserves in India is
(a) 10 (b) 12
(c) 18 (d) 20
Ans. (c) 18
19. Total number of wild life sanctuaries in India is
(a) 200 (b) 315
(c) 430 (d) 515
Ans. (d) 515
20. Total number of National parks in India is
(a) 40 (b) 50
(c) 112 (d) 129
Ans. (c) 112
21. Total number of National parks in Jammu and Kashmir is
(a) 5 (b) 10
(c) 15 (d) 12
Ans. (a) 5
22. Total number of Wildlife sanctuaries in Jammu & Kashmir is
(a) 12 (b) 14
(c) 16 (d) 18
Ans. (b) 14
23. Total number of biodiversity hotspots in India is
(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 5 (d) 6
Ans. (b) 4
24. Hangul (Kashmir stag) is
(a) Endangered species (b) Exotic species
(c) Invasive species (d) None of the above
Ans. (a) Endangered species
 Credit 4- Environmental issues, policies and practices
Important points to remember

The clean air is defined as the air occurring in areas sufficiently different from places of human activities and other abnormal influences.

Pollution means any undesirable change in the physical, chemical or biological characteristics of any component of the environment
which can cause harmful effects on various forms of life and property.

A primary pollutant is an air pollutant emitted directly from a source.e.g. CO2, Carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, oxides of sulphur,
dust, smoke etc. A Secondary pollutant is not directly emitted as such, but forms when primary pollutants react in the atmosphere. e.g
ozone, NO2, acid rain, CFC etc.

Electrostatic precipitators can remove 99% particulate pollutants from chimney exhausts.

Smoke consists of fine solid particles (0.1 to 1µ) from the incomplete combustion of organic substances like coal, wood, tobacco or other
chemical processes.

Fumes consists of fine solid particles (0.1 to 1µ) formed by condensation of vapours of solid materials.

Mist consists of liquid droplets (size smaller than 10µ) formed by the condensation of vapours in the atmosphere or are released from
industrial operations.

Fog- If the mist is made up of water droplets whose concentration is high or dense enough to obscure vision, and then the mist is called a
fog.

Fly ash consists of finely divided non combustible particles present in the gases arising from fuel combustion. It contains inorganic,
metallic or mineral substances released when the organic part of coal is burnt.

Soot: incomplete combustion of carbon containing materials release carbon particles impregnated with ‘tar’. A collection of such particles
is called soot.

The word noise has been derived from Latin word nausea which means unwanted sound.

The unit of measurement of noise intensity is dB (decibels). Threshold of hearing is 0Db and the threshold of pain is 180Db.

Most toxic form of mercury is methyl mercury.

Minimata disease in Japan was caused due to eating methyl mercury contaminated fishes.

Blue baby syndrome or methaemoglobenemia is caused by drinking nitrate contaminated water.

B.O.D stands for biochemical oxygen demand. It indicates the amount of dissolved oxygen required by bacteria in decomposing the
water. C.O.D stands for chemical oxygen demand and D.O stands for dissolved oxygen.

Chemical substance used to destroy pests is called pesticide.

Itai Itai disease also called Ouch Ouch disease that leads to bone deterioration is caused by cadmium poisoning that has caused in Japan.

Kwashiorkor means disease caused by protein deficiency.

ppm stands for parts per million. Organisms that cause diseases are called pathogens.

ph is the numeric value that indicates the relative acidity or alkalinity.

Sediment: soil particles, sand, clay that settle on the bottom of a water body. Sludge means settled solids removed from waste water.
The main causes of global warming are industrialization and deforestation.Contribution of CO2 to global warming is more than 50%.

The term acid rain was first used by Robert Angus Smith in 1872.

Major contribution in ozone depletion is of CFC’s or of Haloons. Haloons are the bromine analogues of CFC’s.

Average thickness of ozone layer in stratosphere is about 230 DU (Dobson unit).

In Antarctica ozone hole has been found to be lower than 150 DU.

Water (prevention & control of pollution) Act came into force in 1974.

Air (prevention & control of pollution) Act came into force in 1981.Noise has been inserted as pollution in the Air Act in 1987.

Environmental protection Act came into force on Nov. 19, 1986.

Wildlife Protection Act came into existence in 1972. Indian board of wildlife (IBWL) was created in 1952.

Lion conservation project was started in 1972; Tiger Project in 1973, Crocodile project in 1974 and Deer project in 1981.

Forest conservation Act came into existence in 1980.

Chipko movement in 1973 was launched by Chandi Prasad Bhatt and Sunderlal Bahuguna.

Narmada Bachao Andolan was launched BY Medha Patekar. Bhopal gas tragedy occoured on December 3,1984 in Bhopal India.

The word soil has been derived from Latin word solum which means earthy material in which plants grow. The study of soil is called soil
science or Pedology or Edaphology.
Objective Type Questions
1. The word soil is derived from
(a) Solum (b) Smear
(c) Sole (d) None of the above
Ans. (a) Solum
2. Smog is
(a) Smoke+Fog (b) CO2+CO
(c) Smoke+Ash (d)Fog+Ash
Ans. (a) Smoke+ Fog
3. SO2 and CO are the examples of
(a) Primary pollutants (b) Secondary pollutants
 (c) Both the above (d) None of the above
Ans. (a) Primary pollutants
4. The main acids in acid rain are
(a) HCl and H2SO4 (b) HNO3 and H2SO4
(c) HCl and HNO3 (d) None of the above
Ans. (b) HNO3 and H2SO4
5. The term acid rain was first used by
(a) Robert Angus Smith (b) Odum
(c) Haekel (d) none of the above
Ans. (a) Robert Angus Smith
6. Which of the following is a major Greenhouse gas?
(a) CO2 (b) SO2
(c) Methane (d) None of the above
Ans. (a) CO2
7. The intensity of earth quake is measured by
(a) Richter scale (b) Mercalli scale
(c)Earth scale (d) None of the above
Ans. (a) Richter scale
8. Necrosis means
(a) Dead areas of leaf (b) loss of chlorophyll
(c) Dropping of leaves (d) None of the above
Ans. (a) Dead areas of leaf
9. Chlorosis means
(a) Dropping of leaves (b) Loss of chlorophyll
(c) Dead areas of leaf (d) None of the above
Ans. (b) Loss of chlorophyll
10. Epinasty means
(a) Downward curling of leaf (b) Dead areas of leaf
(c) Yellowing of leaf (d) None of the above
Ans. (a) Download curling of leaves
11. Abscission means
(a) Dead areas of leaf (b) yellowing of leaf
(c) Dropping of leaves (d) None of the above
Ans. (b) Dropping of leaves
12. Water has highest density at what temperature?
0 0
(a) 0 C (b) 4 C
0 0
(c) 10 C (d) 12 C
0
Ans. (b) 4 C
13. BOD stands for
(a) Biological oxygen dropping (b) Biochemical oxygen demand
(c) Biotic oxygen dumping (d) None of the above
Ans. (b) Biochemical oxygen demand
14. Bhopal Gas disaster occurred on December 3, 1984 at
(a) TATA Refinery (b) Union Carbide factory
(c) Mathura refinery (d) None of the above
Ans. (b). Union carbide factory
15. Bhopal gas tragedy 1984 was caused by
(a) Methyl cyanide (b) Vinyl chloride
(c) Methyl isocyanate (d) All of the above
Ans. (c) Methyl isocyanate
16. Lead in water can cause
(a) Kidney damage (b) Skin diseases
(c) Eye disease (d) Lung disease
Ans.(a) Kidney damage
17. Blue Baby Syndrome in children is caused by
(a) Nitrates (b) Phosphates
(c) Sulphates (d) None of the above
Ans. (a) Nitrates
18. Minemata disease in Japan was caused by
 (a) Lead (b) Methyl mercury
(c) DDT (d) All of the above
Ans. (b) Methyl mercury
19. Air (prevention & control of pollution) Act was amended in the year
(a) 1984 (b) 1985
(c) 1986 (d) 1987
Ans. (d) 1987
20. Environment Protection Act came into force in
(a) 1984 (b) 1985
(c) 1986 (d) 1987
Ans. © 1986
21. Montreal protocol was held in the year
(a) 1987 (b) 1988
(c) 1989 (d) 1990
Ans.(a) 1987
22. In air pollution, industries are
(a) Point source (b) Line source
(c) Area source (d) None of the above
Ans. (a) Point source
23. Aerosols are released by
(a) Industries (b) Automobiles
(c) Aeroplanes (d) None of the above
Ans.(c) Aeroplanes
24. Ozone depletion is occurring due to
(a) PAN (B) CO
(c) CFCs (d) CO2
Ans. © CFCs
25. What is the unit of noise
(a) Decibel (b) Dobson
(c) Both a & b (d) None of the above
Ans. (a) Decibel
26. The sound or noise pollution is caused by
(a) Sound (b) Wanted sound
(c)Unwanted sound (d) All of the above
Ans. © Unwanted sound
27. The earth is protected by ultraviolet radiations due to
(a) Methane (b) Carbon dioxide
(c) Ozone layer (d) oxygen
Ans. (c) Ozone layer
28. Green house effect is due to
(a) O3 (b) CFCs
(c) Both the above (d) None of the above
Ans.(a) Both the above
29. Which one is most hazardous pollutant?
(a) Noise (b) Detergents
(c) Smoke (d) Radioactive substances
Ans.(d) Radioactive substances
30. Rise in sea level occurs due to
(a) CFCs (b) CO2
(c) Climate change (d) Global warming
Ans. (d) Global warming
31. Which gas is used in refrigerators and in aerosol cans as propellant?
(a) CNG (b) CO2
(c) PAN (d) CO
Ans. (a) CNG
32. Ozone day is observed on
(a) 21 March (b) 5 June
(c) 16 September (d) 16 October
 Ans. (c) 16 September
33. The Green House effect is related to
(a) Grass lands (b) Rivers
(c) Global warming (d) None of the above
Ans. (c) Global warming
34. The pollutants discharged by jet planes are
(a) Smoke (b) Fog
(c) Smog (d) Aerosols
Ans. (d) Aerosols
35. Gas leaked in Bhopal tragedy was
(a) Methyl isocyanate (b) Sodium isocyanate
(c) potassium isocyanate (d) All of the above
Ans. (a) Methyl isocyanate
36. Ozone hole is highest over
(a) USA (b) India
(c) Russia (d) Antartica
Ans. (d) Antartica
37. SO2 & NO2 produces pollution by
(a) Acidity (b) Alkalinity
(c)Buffer action (d) Neutrality
Ans. (a) Acidity
38. Green house effect is caused by
(a) Green plants (b) Infra red rays
(c) X-rays (d) UV-rays
Ans. (b) Infra red rays
39. Pollution of water is caused by
(a) Farm runoff (b) Sewage
(c) Industrial effluents (d) All of the above
Ans. (d) All of the above
40. Ozone layer is thickest over
(a) USA (b) Antartic
(c) Artic (d) Australia
Ans. (b) Antartic
41. Which one of the following pesticides has been banned in India
(a) DDT (b) Endrin
(c)Alchin (d) All of the above
Ans. (a) DDT
42. The major contributor of Green House gases to the atmosphere is
(a) Brazil (b) Russia
(c)USA (d) Germany
Ans. (c) USA
43. Acid rain occurs due to
(a) Presence of CO2 (b) Presence of CO2 and CO
(c) Presence of N2 (d) Presence of SO2 and SO3
Ans.(d) presence of SO2 and SO3
44. The pollutant released from motor vehicles
(a) NO2 (b) CO2
(c) CO (d) None
Ans. (a) NO2
45. Increase in concentration of any toxic substance from one trophic level to another is called
(a) Eutrophication (b) Biomagnification
(c) Both the above (d) None of the above
Ans. (b) Biomagnification
46.The process of polluting streams, rivers and lakes by the excessive addition of inorganic fertilizers is called
(a)Biomagnification (b) Eutrophication
(c) Both the above (d) None of the above Ans. (b) Eutrophication