Exam Lecture

Thursday, 09 May 2019 08:10

Lab 2 report back

• thevenin eq
○ Prove thevinin
• Not measuring the results of 10
○ Instrument
○ Assumption of using system: input impedance
 Does not always hold
 Calculate the internal resistance of the instrument
 Why does it get worse?
 Problem with instrument itself
□ Which instrument where you using?
○ NBNBNBNBNBNBNB!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
• If know basics will be able to apply them

Accuracy
• a pressure → 0 − 10 𝑏𝑎𝑟
• Inaccuracy of ±1% 𝑓𝑠
1. What is the maximum error expected?
○ 1% × 10 = 0.1 𝑏𝑎𝑟
2. If measure 1 bar, what is the percentage error?
○ 10%
0.1
 ⎯⎯⎯= 10%
1
○ The closer you get to full scale the smaller the error
 Important to know range of thing measuring
 Use scale responding to range measuring
 Want to measure closer to max range to reduce error

Ex2
• Range: 0 → 10 𝑘𝑃𝑎
• Accuracy → 2%
1. Find max error in pascals if gives a reading of 4𝑘𝑃𝑎
○ CAN ASSUME FULL SCALE
○ ± 0.2𝑘𝑃𝑎

True/false: may have different wording (?)

1. A potentiometer is a zeroth order device
2. A bare thermocouple is a first order device
3. An accelerometer is a second order

Ex3
• Range: ±10𝑚𝑚
• Measurement point 40𝑚𝑚
• Resolution 3𝑢𝑚
• Linearity: 1% fs
• Response time 0.1ama
• Linear output:4-20mA
1. Find the sensitivity of the measurement system
○ 0.8mA/mm
 Measuring distance outputted as a current to system
 16/20 = 0,8 = 0,8 linear output range/ measurement range
 Gradient: plotting will give you sensitivity
 If mark easily will be easier

Ex4
• Temperature drift: 0.01%/ 𝐶
• Time stability 0.1%/𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ
• Operating temp range: −10 C → 60 C
1. Calculate the reproducibility of the measurement if only once in every 3 months calibration performed at 20 C
○ (𝐷𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑡 × 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒) + (𝑡 × 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦) = 0.7%
 Calculate range is (60-20), (20--10)
□ Take biggest temp range so use 40 𝐶
 Dont know which range you will be in

Ex5 Dynamic response to system up to adc

• Instrument used to measure a voltage of about 7.2V composed of a 4 digit indicator: 9.999 full scale. That’s how calculate adc requirements
• Inaccuracy is 0.2% full scale +0.5% indication
1. Calculate the resolution
○ Full scale
○ Use total measurement
○ 1𝑚𝑉 = 10 × 10𝑉
2. Calculate the inaccuracy of the instrument
○ (0.002 × 10𝑉) + (7.2 × 0.005) = 0.56𝑚𝑉
0.002=0.2%

ELEN4006 - Measurement Page 1

Ex6
• Drift: 0.04%/ 𝐶
• Time stability: 0.1%/𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ
• Temperature: 0 → 30 𝐶
• Reproducibility of 1%
1. What is the time frame…?
○ 𝑅 = 𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝𝐷𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑡 × 𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 + (𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 × 𝑡 )
○ Use most convenient temp range
○ Half range of 15 𝐶 is most probable
○ Get period (month)

4.5 digit display; 200V range

• Δ𝑥 = 0.01𝑉
Δ 0.01
• ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯= ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ = 5 × 10
𝑋 199.99
• Resolution in terms of bits?
○ log (5 × 10 ) = 14.3 𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑠

ELEN4006 - Measurement Page 2