CBLM Interpreting Technical Drawing

ACHIEVING COMPETENCE IN
PREPARING/INTERPRETING TECHNICAL DRAWING
INTERPRETING TECHNICAL DRAWING
This is the first of the modular series produced by the Jacobo

Z. Gonzales Memorial School of Arts and Trades – Technical
Education and Skills Development Authority Region IV-A
Prepare/Interpret Technical
Version No.: 2
Date: August 10, 2009
JZGMSAT Drawing By: Glenn F. Salandanan
TESDA IV Page 1 of 18
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Content Page Number
I. LEARNING GUIDE OVERVIEW..........................................................................................3

II. HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE..................................................................................................4
III. LEARNING ACTIVITIES.........................................................................................................5
IV. INFORMATION SHEET 1: ALPHABET OF LINES........................................................6
INFORMATION SHEET 2: ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
A. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION................................................................................9
B. STEPS IN SELECTING CORRECT VIEWS OF AN OBJECT...........................9
C. PRINCIPAL DIMENSIONS OF AN OBJECT...........................................................10
D. STEPS IN PROJECTING THE THREE MAIN VIEWS OF AN OBJECT......11
V. SELF CHECK 1.........................................................................................................................8
SELF-CHECK 2......................................................................................................................13
VI. ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 1: SKETCHING THREE MAIN VIEWS OF
AN OBJECT.............................................................................................................................14
VII. ANSWER KEYS...............................................................................................................16-17
VIII. RECORD OF COMPETENCE...........................................................................................18
Version No.: 2
LEARNING GUIDE OVERVIEW
In the broad field of technical drawings, various projection methods are used
to represent objects. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages.
The normal technical drawing is shown in orthogonal projection, in which more than one
view is used to draw and completely define an object.
However, to be able to represent the different views of an object one must be acquai ted
with the different forms of lines. The various lines used in drawing form the alphabet of the
drafting language.
In this learning material, the students should be able to apply the lph bet of lines in
projecting the principal views of an object.
Competencies will be demonstrated by completing the job sheet a d the u it test with a
minimum score of 75 percent.
OBJECTIVES When you have successfully completed the learning activities in this
material, you will be able to:
1. Identify the differe t alphabet of lines;
2. Steps in selecti g correct views of an object;
3. Identify the dime sio s of an object; and
4. Project the three m in views of an object.
CONTENTS This learning m teri inc udes the following:

1. Alph bet of ines
2. Orthogr phic Projection
3. Steps in Selecting Correct Views of an Object
4. Principal Dimensions of an Object
5. Steps in Projecting the Three Main Views
PRE-REQUISITES The completion of this learning material requires you to have a basic
u dersta ding of:
If you are unfamiliar with any of the above concepts, work

on________ before working on this learning guide.
Version No.: 2
HOW TO USE THIS LEARNING GUIDE
This Learning Guide will lead you through a series of activities which will require you to work at
your own pace. These activities will ask you to complete associated learning and practice
activities in order to gain the knowledge and skills you need to achieve the learning objectives
stated earlier.
Refer to Learning Activity Page to know the sequence of learning tasks to u dergo a d the
appropriate resources to use in each task. This page will serve as your road map towards the
achievement of objectives.
Read the information sheets. This will give you an understanding of the work, d why things are
done the way they are.
Complete the activities as directed in the activity/practice sheets. These will test your
knowledge and give you practice of doing the tasks involved. Perform nce criteria for assessing
practical exercise are shown to guide you in undertaking the pr ctic l exercises. Always be
aware of safety requirements highlighted in this material. Ask for cle r nce in using some tools
and equipment. Should you require some assistance and clarification, consult your trainer or
facilitator. They should be available anytime you eed them.
Answer self-checks found in each section of the le r i g guide. Do not write anything on this
learning guide; provide separate sheets for your swers. Self-checks will let you know how you
are going. To know how you fared with se f checks, review the answer keys found at the end of
the learning guide.
When you had completed all the t ks required in this learning guide, an assessment exercise will
be given to evaluate if you re lre dy competent with the specified learning outcomes in and
ready for the next task. .If you eel ready for the assessment, consult the facilitator.
A record of compete cy is provided on the last page to reflect how much of the required
assessment criteria have been met.
You may already have some or most of the knowledge and skills covered in this learner’s guide.
Talk to your trai er about having them formally recognized. If you have qualification or certificate
of comp t ce from previous training, show it to your trainer. If the skills you acquired are still
current and r va t to the unit of competency they may become part of the evidence you can
present for R cognition of Prior Learning (RPL). If you are not sure about the accuracy of your
ski s, discuss it with your trainer.
Version No.: 2
LEARNING ACTIVITIES
In order to accomplish the objectives stated in this leaning guide, you must perform the
learning steps below. Beside each step are the resources or special instructions you will use to
accomplish the corresponding activity.
LEARNING STEPS RESOURCES/SPECIFIC

INSTRUCTIONS
1. Student will ask the instructor of the 1. Instructor will provide the le r i g
materials to be used materials in Interpreting Technical

Drawing
2. Read: Information Sheet No. 1 2. Inform tion Sheet No 1: Alphabet of
Lines
3. Answer: Self Check 1 3. Self Check No. 1: Alphabet of Lines
4. Read: Information Sheet No. 2 4. Information Sheet No. 2:
Orthographic Projection
5. Answer: Self Check 2 5. Self Check 2: Orthographic
Projection
6. Perform: Activity Sheet No. 1 6. Activity Sheet No. 1: Sketching three
Main Views of an Object
Version No.: 2
INFORMATION SHEET NO: 1
ALPHABET OF LINES
I. Basic Types of Lines and their Uses
a. Visible lines – Used to show visible edges

or contours of an object (NOTE: Visible
lines are sometimes called object lines.)
b. Hidden lines – Used to show surfaces or

features on an object that are not visible
c. Center lines – Used to show the centers

of holes, round shapes, or the travel of a
center (path or motion)
d. Section lines – Used to show a surface

that has been cut in a section view
e. Extension lines – Used for p cing

dimensions; these extend (but do not
touch) from the lengths nd widths of
objects
f. Dimension lines – Used to how the size

(dimensions) of an object; pans rom one
extension line to the ext, has arrowhead
at both ends, a d is broken in the middle
fro the measureme t umber (dimension)
g. Leader li es – Used to direct descriptive

informatio , ot s, or special dimensions to f
atur s on the drawing
h. Cutting-p ane lines – Used to show where

a section has been taken; arrows on the
end show the direction in which the
section was taken
Version No.: 2
i. Break lines – Used to show that part of
the object has been removed or broken
away
1. Short breaks are for freehand, jagged
lines
2. Long breaks are solid with a Z symbol
inserted in several places
j. Phantom lines – Used to show the

position of an object that moves (rotated
position)
k. Border lines – Used to define the outer

edges or margins on the drafting media;
the drawing and all other information is
inside this border.
Figure 1. Application of alphabet of lines.
Version No.: 2
SELF- CHECK NO. 1
Check your mastery in Alphabet of lines by completing the tasks below.
1. Identify the alphabet of lines by writing your answer on the space provided.
1. ______________
A B
2. ______________
A B
A B
3.
B A 4.
2. Sketch circles with a diameter of:
a. 25mm b. 50mm c. 30mm
5.
Version No.: 2
INFORMATION SHEET NO: 2
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
A. Orthographic Projection
An orthographic projection is a representation of separate views of an object on a two-
dimensional surface. It reveals the width, depth and height of the object.
Ortho means “straight or at right angle” and graphic means “written or dr w ”.

Projection comes from two Latin words: “pro,” meaning “forward,” nd “j cere,”
meaning “to throw.”
The projection is achieved by viewing the object from poi t (an ssumed to be at infinity
indefinitely great distance away). The line of sight or projectors and re p rallel to each other
perpendicular to the plane of projection.
Figure 1. Vi u lizing one view of an orthographic projection
B. Steps in Selecting Correct Views of an Object
1. Select the umber of views necessary to represent the object. This may require only one
view or as ma y as all six views. Only draw as many views as are necessary.
2. Select the fro t view which:
a. Best describes co tour shape.
b. Co tai s the least number of hidden lines.
c. Is usually the longest view.
d. Shows object in normal position.
Figure 2. Objects with very little thickness require only one view
Version No.: 2
Figure 3. Two-view drawing
3. Select alternate position for right side view if dr wi g rea is crowded.
Figure 4. Normal location Figure 5. Alternate location
4. Select view positio s to avoid crowding of dimensions and notes.
C. Principal Dime sio s of an Object
Figure 6. Principal dimensions of an object
Version No.: 2
Width. This is a perpendicular distance between two profile planes.
Height. This the perpendicular distance between two horizontal planes
Depth. This is the perpendicular distance between two frontal planes.
D. Steps in Projecting the Three Main Views of an Object
1. Study the given object 2. Determine the number of views

3. Locate the views
4. Block in the views with light, thin lines 5. Lay off the principal measurements
Version No.: 2
8. Draw the circles and arcs
6. Draw the principal lines 9. Draw any additional lines needed to
complete the views
7. Lay off the measurements for the details

( center for arcs, circles, and triangular
ribs)
10. Darken the lines where necessary to

make them h rp nd black and of the
proper thickne s
Version No.: 2
SELF- CHECK NO. 2
Check your mastery in orthographic projection by completing the tasks below.
I. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Write only the letter that corresponds to your answer.
1. Method of representing separate views of an object on a two-dimensional surface

a. orthographic projection b. orthographic drawing c.
isometric drawing d. perspective
2. Found below top view which show s the shape, width and depth of the object.
a. top view b. front view c. bottom view d. re r view
3. Found at the back of the front view.

a. rear view b. side view c. frontal plane d. o e of the above
4. The perpendicular distance between two profile plane

a. length b. width c. epth d. height
5. The perpendicular distance between two horizontal plane

a. height b. depth c. wi th d. length
6. The word orthographic comes from the two Greek words ortho and graphos meaning
a. forward b. straight/at right g e c. to write/to draw d. both b & c
7. The perpendicular distance between two front l pl ne

a. width b. length c. depth d. height
Version No.: 2
ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 1
Sketching Three Main Views of an Object

A. Objectives:
After completing the activity you should be able to:

1. Identify the three main views of the given object; and,
2. Draw the necessary orthographic views of the given object to show its ex ct sh pe.
B. Materials:
A4 size drawing paper

Eraser
C. Tools:
Drawing pencil
T-square
Triangles (30ºx60º, 45ºx45º)
Erasing shield
D. Procedure:
Study the example below nd then complete the
assigned problem.
Example:
1. Sketch the horizo tal li es to locate the height of

the object.
(NOTE: The dista ce at the top and bottom of the
paper should be the same. The distance
between the top a d fro t views can be the same
as the top a d bottom or slightly less than that
space.)
2. Sk tch the v rtical lines to locate the width and
d pth of the object.
(NOTE: The distance at the left side and the right side of
the paper should be the same. The distance between the
views can be the same as that on the left side and right side
or sli htly less than that space. In the top and side)
3. Block in details using diagonals to locate centers, if
necessary, and lightly construct the circles and arcs.
4. Add line features to the views of the object.
Version No.: 2
5. Use eraser to lighten construction lines and darken in visible
lines
Problem:
Layouts for Orthographic drawing problem will be explained by the instructor. Sketch the
three main views of the given isometric drawing below using the grid provided for measureme t.
on an A4 size drawing sheet. Do not erase light construction lines.
Version No.: 2
ANSWER KEY NO. 1
Check your answer with the answer key below. If you fail to get it right, refer back to
corresponding resources until you make it perfect.
1. Center line
2. Hidden line
3. Cutting-plane line
4. Object line
5. Section line
Version No.: 2
ANSWER KEY NO. 2
Check your answer with the answer key below. If you fail to get it right, refer back to
corresponding resources until you make it perfect.
1. A 5. A
2. C 6. 7
3. A 7. C
4. B
Version No.: 2
RECORD OF COMPETENCE
Below are your assessment ratings:
ASSESSMENT /PERFORMANCE
CRITERIA YES NO
1. Components, assemblies or
objects recognized as required
2. Dimensions of the key features of

the objects depicted in the
drawing correctly identified
3. Symbols used in the drawing

identified and interpreted correctly
4. Drawing checked and validated

against job requirements or
equipment in accordance with
standard operating procedures
Version No.: 2

CBLM Interpreting Technical Drawing

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CBLM Interpreting Technical Drawing

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ACHIEVING COMPETENCE IN

PREPARING/INTERPRETING TECHNICAL DRAWING

INTERPRETING TECHNICAL DRAWING

This is the first of the modular series produced by the Jacobo

Content Page Number

I. LEARNING GUIDE OVERVIEW..........................................................................................3

CONTENTS This learning m teri inc udes the following:

If you are unfamiliar with any of the above concepts, work

LEARNING STEPS RESOURCES/SPECIFIC

materials to be used materials in Interpreting Technical

4. Read: Information Sheet No. 2 4. Information Sheet No. 2:

Main Views of an Object

a. Visible lines – Used to show visible edges

b. Hidden lines – Used to show surfaces or

c. Center lines – Used to show the centers

d. Section lines – Used to show a surface

e. Extension lines – Used for p cing

f. Dimension lines – Used to how the size

g. Leader li es – Used to direct descriptive

h. Cutting-p ane lines – Used to show where

j. Phantom lines – Used to show the

k. Border lines – Used to define the outer

Figure 1. Application of alphabet of lines.

2. Sketch circles with a diameter of:

a. 25mm b. 50mm c. 30mm

Ortho means “straight or at right angle” and graphic means “written or dr w ”.

Figure 1. Vi u lizing one view of an orthographic projection

B. Steps in Selecting Correct Views of an Object

3. Select alternate position for right side view if dr wi g rea is crowded.

Figure 4. Normal location Figure 5. Alternate location

4. Select view positio s to avoid crowding of dimensions and notes.

C. Principal Dime sio s of an Object

Figure 6. Principal dimensions of an object

D. Steps in Projecting the Three Main Views of an Object

1. Study the given object 2. Determine the number of views

7. Lay off the measurements for the details

10. Darken the lines where necessary to

1. Method of representing separate views of an object on a two-dimensional surface

3. Found at the back of the front view.

4. The perpendicular distance between two profile plane

5. The perpendicular distance between two horizontal plane

7. The perpendicular distance between two front l pl ne

Sketching Three Main Views of an Object

After completing the activity you should be able to:

A4 size drawing paper

1. Sketch the horizo tal li es to locate the height of

Below are your assessment ratings:

2. Dimensions of the key features of

3. Symbols used in the drawing

4. Drawing checked and validated

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