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DISSERTATION REPORT

ON

PROPOSAL OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT FOR JUVENILE


REHABILITATION CENTRE

SUBMITTED BY

JYOTI CHAURASIYA
(B.ARCH 8TH SEMESTER)

GUIDED BY

AR. BATUL ZAINAB

BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE

2018-2019

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE
MORADABAD INSTITTUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
MORADABAD
Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 1
MET FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE
MITGI, MIT CAMPUS
RAM GANGA VIHAR, PHASE-II
MORADABAD 244001
2018-2019

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Miss. Jyoti Chaurasiya has worked on the Dissertation entitled “Proposal of
built environment for juvenile rehabilitation centre” under our guidance and supervision in B.Arch.
8th Semester.

Ar. Batul Zainab


(Assistant Professor)

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 2


MET FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE
MITGI, MIT CAMPUS
RAM GANGA VIHAR, PHASE-II
MORADABAD 244001
2018-2019

Declaration
I Jyoti Chaurasiya hereby declare that the Dissertation entitled “Proposal of built environment for
juvenile rehabilitation centre” submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award
of the degree of Bachelors of Architecture is my original Design / Research work and the information
taken from secondary sources is given due citations and References.

…………………………
(Signature)

Jyoti Chaurasiya
B. Arch. 8thSemester
2018-2019

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 3


Acknowledgement

Foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Asst. Prof. Ar.
Batul Zainab for the continuous support of my 8th sem. study and dissertation, for his
patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge. Her guidance helped me in
all the time of research and writing of this dissertation. I could not have imagined
having a better advisor and mentor for my dissertation report.

Besides my advisor, I would like to thanks my seniors and friends Ar. Pooja Verma, Ar.
Shubham Mishra, Ishita Saxena and Aishwarya Sinha for their encouragement,
insightful comments, and hard questions.

Last but not the least, I would like to thank my family: my maa and papa, for giving
birth to me and for their support at any kind of situation.

Jyoti Chaurasiya

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 4


Abstract

Architecture is a solution for any type of building we can change the mental status and
problems by our designing ideas. When we started study about juvenile rehabilitation
centre the first thing which blink in our mind “the conditions physical or mental of
juveniles, their basic need, why they commit crime and their factors.

After that we study about the recreational activities like; farming, crafting, welding,
gaming, study and many more according to their field of interest. These recreational
activities are helps to divert their mind in positive direction.

In every juvenile there should be the provision of degree in all that field. After the
analysing the case study of national and international countries we initially find out the
basic requirement of juvenile rehabilitation centre. The study helps to give a clear path
to design an ideal juvenile rehabilitation centre.

Keywords: rehabilitation, recreational, juvenile

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 5


List of figures

Fig: 1 Repeat offenders

Fig: 2 Exterior view of Sonoma country juvenile

Fig: 3 Bird eye view of Sonoma county juvenile justice centre

Fig: 4 waiting area of Sonoma county juvenile home

Fig: 5 dining area of Sonoma county juvenile home

Fig: 6 housing area of juvenile

Fig: 7 front elevation of Boone country juvenile justice centre

Fig: 8 entrance of boys juvenile home, Saidabad, Hyderabad

Fig: 9 inner roads of boy’s juvenile home

Fig: 10 factor’s chart

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 6


List of chart

Chart: 1 Age factor

Chart: 2 nature of offence

Chart: 3 educational qualification

Chart: 4 according to religion

Chart: 5 History of employment

Chart: 6 family background

Chart: 7 reporting alcohol addiction in family

Chart: 8 delinquency/crime record of members in the family

Chart: 9 peer group and their influences

Chart: 10 emotional and personality make- up

Chart: 11 perception of fairness

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 7


List of abbreviations
JJB – Juvenile justice board

US – United states of America

UK – United Kingdom

CNCP – Child in need of care and protection

CCL – Child in conflict of law

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 8


Page of Contents

Certificate ………………………………………………………………………………………….2

Declaration ………………………………………………………………………………………...3

Acknowledgement …………………………………………………………………………….......4

Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………….5

List of figures ……………………………………………………………………………………...6

List of chart ………………………………………………………………………………………..7

List of abbreviations ………………………………………………………………………………8

1.0 Synopsis …………………………………………………………………………….....13

1.1 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………13

1.2 Aim of study ……………………………………………………………………….......14

1.3 Objective of study ……………………………………………………………………..14

1.4 Need of study ………………………………………………………………..................14

1.5 Scope of study ……………………………………………………………………….....14

1.6 Delimitations………………………………………………………………....................14

1.7 Methodology…………………………………………………………………………….15

2.0 Literature study……………………………………………………………………….16

2.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………..16

2.2 Difference between child and juveniles………………………………………………...16

2.3 Concept of rehabilitation centre………………………………………………………...16

2.4 Why do children commit crime? .....................................................................................17

2.5 The age factor – delinquency and the pre-adolescent child………………………….....17

2.6 Child risk factors for child delinquency and later violent juvenile offending……….....18

2.6.1 Individual factors…………………………………………………………………….....18

2.6.2 Family factors…………………………………………………………………………..18

2.6.3 Peer factors……………………………………………………………………………..19

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 9


2.6.4 School and community factors………………………………………………………19

2.7 Factors underlying juvenile delinquency……………………………………………19

2.8 Demographic characteristic of the juvenile………………………………………….20

2.8.1 Age…………………………………………………………………………………..21

2.8.2 Nature of offence…………………………………………………………………….21

2.8.3 Educational qualification…………………………………………………………….22

2.8.4 Gender………………………………………………………………………………..23

2.8.5 Religion………………………………………………………………………………23

2.8.6 Past history of employment of the juvenile………………………………………23-24

2.8.7 Family background…………………………………………………………….....24-26

2.8.8 Peer group and their influences……………………………………………………...27

2.8.9 Individual characteristics………………………………………………………….27-29

2.8.10 perception of fairness……………………………………………………………...29-30

3.0 History of juvenile justice system in India…………………………………………30

3.1 Juvenile justice act 2000……………………………………………………………..31

3.2 Definition of child and juvenile under the JJA 2015 and other various laws.........31-32

3.3 Present juvenile justice system in India……………………………………………...32

3.4 Juvenile justice act, 2015………………………………………………………….....32

3.5 Juvenile justice and constitution of India………………………………………...32-33

3.6 Bail of juveniles……………………………………………………………………...33

3.7 Juvenile justice system in UK………………………………………………………..33

3.8 Juvenile justice system in USA…………………………………………………..33-34

4.0 Inference……………………………………………………………………………...35

5.0 Case study- 1

5.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………...36

5.2 Missions of juvenile hall……………………………………………………...............36

5.3 Services of juvenile hall………………………………………………………………37

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 10


5.4 Sonoma county probation centre…………………………………………………….37

5.5 Its services …………………………………………………………………………..37

5.6 Sierra youth centre…………………………………………………………………...38

5.7 Services in youth centre…………………………………………………………..39-41

6.0 Case study-2

6.1 Boone county juvenile justice centre, Missouri…………………………………..…42

6.2 Introduction……………………………………………………………..……………42

6.3 Architect……………………………………………………………………...………42

6.4 Program……………………………………………………………………...……….42

6.5 Detention program…………………………………………………………………...42

6.6 The evolution program……………………………………………………………….42

6.7 Short term care program………………………………………………………….......43

6.8 Placement program…………………………………………………….......................43

6.9 Space distribution (zoning)…………………………………………......................43-44

7.0 case study –3

7.1 juvenile home for boys, Saidabad, Hyderabad……………………………………….45

7.2 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………...45

7.3 Children home…………………………………………………………………….…..45

7.4 Food clothing and bedding…………………………………………………………....45

7.5 kitchen and food services……………………………………………………………..45

7.6 Characteristic…………………………………………………………………….........45

7.7 General services and models………………………………………….........................46

7.8 special home…………………………………………………………………………..46

7.9 Observation home…………………………………………………………………….46

7.10 further observation………………………………………………………………...….47

7.11 Views of juvenile regarding their life in the juvenile home…………………........47-48

8.0 Inferences…………………………………………………………………………..…49

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 11


8.1 Administration………………………………………………………….......................49

8.2 Academic block…………………………………………………………......................49

8.3 juvenile justice board office…………………………………………….......................49

8.4 parking………………………………………………………………………………….50

8.5 services and programming block…………………………………………………….....50

8.6 juvenile housing………………………………………………………………………...50

8.7 Indoor/outdoor recreational activity…………………………………………………….50

8.8 Dining hall……………………………………………………………………………….51

9.0 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………...52-54

10.0 Recommendations………………………………………………………………..…….55

11.0 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………56

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 12


1.1 Introduction
“Every saint has a past; every sinner has a future” (OSCAR WILDE)

Juvenile in conflict with law means a juvenile who is alleged to have committed an offence and who has
not completed eighteen years of age. Juvenile Rehabilitation centre for criminally insane is a place where
the criminally insane rehabilitate because of punishment. There is no connectivity between public areas so
that space should be design like a complete package of residential and recreational areas like; workshops
of sculpture, handicraft, paintings, farming etc.

Source :( https://www.thebetterindia.com)

Fig: 1
The children are divided into two categories:
1. The CNCP represent the ‘Child in Need of Care and Protection’ primarily those picked up by social
workers and police officer’s from streets, illegal work facilities like factories, hotels etc.,
2. The other category represents the CCL ‘Child in Conflict of Law’, those accused or convicted of
committing crimes.
All children receive education and vocational training like carpentry and sewing during their stay so that
they have at least the minimum writing and reading skills. The children are regularly given a medical
examination by a government authorized doctor. This is specifically done in cases of violence that may
occur during fights amongst the children.

They are all taught how to cook, and daily a batch of 10 of them prepare the meals for the rest of the
present children. Their timetable is designed such that they are kept occupied productively the entire day.

Their mornings begin at 6 am sharp with exercise which is followed by a wholesome breakfast. The school
begins at 10.30 am and goes on till 5 pm. In the course of this, they are taught all the three languages Hindi,
English and Marathi and given physical education training as well.
The Juvenile houses often serve as certified schools of the State Government. The evenings are spent in
recreational activities and end with dinner and lights out at 10 pm.
The stark truth to be noted though, is that most of the children at such institutions are from impoverished
and downtrodden sections of the society. They lack proper parental guidance and education owing to which
they get easily swayed into vagrancy and the pernicious seductions of vices.

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 13


1.2 Aim of study

• To discuss the design techniques and elements which can help them mentally to start a new
journey.

1.3 Objective of study


• To study about the behavior, hobbies and state of mind of different age group children.
• To study about the government juvenile laws which give a guideline for the proposals.
• To discuss about the different type of recreational activities which can divert their state of mind.
• To study about designing techniques to give that space a healthy and joyful environment.
• To propose a space for young teenage children who committing a crime.
1.4 Need of study

We need rehabilitation centre to reduce criminal activities and try to change the state of mind of juveniles
in any creative direction by implementation of innovative designing techniques. Limited number of
juvenile homes when we compare to number of felony.

1.5 Scope
Juvenile Rehabilitation centre is a perfect solution for reduce crime rate in any specific area which can
replaced by jail because jail is a space where prisoners trapped in a room for a certain time or whole life
but there is no positive energy or space in the designing of jail which can heal their pain and mental status.
If we able to develop a positive state of mind in children they must be a bright future for a nation.

1.6 Delimitations
 Research is limited to juvenile.
 Research is limited to felony.

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 14


1.7 Methodology
Data collection

Primary data Secondary data


collection collection

Case
study

Virtual Live
case case Internet
study study

Personal surveys;
literature study,
Questionnaire survey
etc.

Internet Research
based report papers

Articles

Thesis
reports

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 15


2.0 Literature study
2.1 Introduction:

Juvenile in conflict with law means a juvenile who is alleged to have committed an offence and who
has not completed eighteen years of age. Juvenile Rehabilitation centre for criminally insane is a place
where the criminally insane rehabilitate because of punishment. There is no connectivity between
public areas so that space should be design like a complete package of residential and recreational
areas like; workshops of sculpture, handicraft, paintings, farming etc.
The Importance of family and inter personal relationships has to be taught by the parents to children.
At a certain level in our career we feel that there are certain things that are not letting us grow such as
family ties, culture, friends etc. and one wants to be free from them. However these are things that help
us stay stable at higher heights. If we try to break these ties our condition is like a kite going higher
but falls down the moment the strings are severed.
2.2 Difference between juvenile and child
A person under the age of full legal obligation and responsibility is a minor or a person who is below
the legal age of eighteen years is minor. A child being accused of a crime is not tried as an adult and
is sent to child care centre whereas juvenile is a person between the age group of sixteen and eighteen
years. A young person who is been accused of crime is a juvenile offender and is tried as adult in court
proceedings.

In general sense both the term has same meaning but however difference lies in context of implications
in the eyes of law. Minor implies young and teen persons whereas juvenile either indicates immature
person or young offenders.

2.3 Concept of rehabilitation:


Studies indicate that the most effective way to find constructive solutions to involvement of children
in activities that violate a law is to involve children in the process of rehabilitation and not to consider
them as merely ‘trouble makers’ or ‘problem children’ in need of punishment. Recognition of and
respect for their rights as human being and as a child is an important first step in this direction. Thus
Juvenile justice has made a departure from the criminal justice model of punishment recognizing the
negative influence of association with adult offenders and the higher possibility of reformation of
children being in the growing age where their capacities are still being built and developed. Juvenile
Justice adopted the path of reformation of children found to have committed an offence through various

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 16


community based reformative and rehabilitative measures and using institutionalization as a measure
of last resort and for the minimum period till suitable community based alternatives are found for them.

2.4 WHY DO CHILDREN COMMIT CRIMES?

There is no one single answer or reason. Deb (2006) has categorized causes of juvenile delinquency
into three groups such as socio-economic, cultural and environmental factors, pathogenic family
patterns and personal pathology. Categorizing juvenile delinquency into five areas, knuden and
schafter, 1970 (cited in Ahuja, 1996) highlighted that juvenile delinquency could be a result of:

1. Situational factors that lead to delinquency such as a broken home, neighbourhood influences,
economic insecurity

2. Personal difficulties of adjusting to the environment such as temper tantrums etc.

3. Antagonistic feelings towards authority and a feeling of defiance

4. Wayward behaviour such as truancy, running away from home, disobedience, fighting etc., and/or

5. Involvement in serious crimes such as theft, burglary, rape, assault, robbery, homicide.

analysing the varied nature of delinquency, Becker (1966:226-38, cited in ahuja, 1996) has referred to
four types of delinquencies: a) individual delinquency (cause of delinquency is primarily located in
the individual, family relationships and social structures), b) group-supported delinquency (cause is
primarily located in group support), c) organized delinquency (cause is primarily located in group
culture and norms), and d) situational delinquency (cause is located in circumstances and weak controls
over the child). there have been several research studies (see deb, 2006) which focus on different traits
and behaviours of the juvenile and most of these studies have concluded that the juvenile “delinquent”
is associated with aspects such as lowered intelligence, hyperactivity, low self-esteem, higher rates of
psychopathology, depression, anxiety etc. some of these researches have been comparative studies
between delinquent and non-delinquent young persons. The findings indicate that juvenile delinquents
do not seem to fare better than non-delinquent children in different aspects of behaviour.

2.5 The age factor- delinquency and the pre-adolescent child

Every country has prescribed the “age of criminal responsibility” i.e. the minimum prescribed age
below which no act of a child will be considered an act of offence. In India, the age of criminal

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 17


responsibility is 7 years i.e. no act done by a child below the age of 7 years will be considered as an
offence in law. In other countries, the age of criminal responsibility ranges from 7 years to as high as
14 years. This reflects society’s position on considering the age when a child’s delinquent behaviour
can be brought under the ambit of law.

2.6 Childhood risk factors for child delinquency and later violent juvenile
offending

The following risk factors are discussed in this bulletin.

2.6.1 Individual factors

● Early antisocial behaviour

● Emotional factors such as high behavioural activation and low behavioural inhibition

● Poor cognitive development

● Low intelligence

● Hyperactivity

2.6.2 Family factors

● Parenting

● Maltreatment

● Family violence

● Divorce

● Parental psychopathology

● Familial antisocial behaviours

● Teenage parenthood

● Family structure

● Large family size

2.6.3 Peer factors


Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 18
● Association with deviant peers

● Peer rejection

2.6.4 School and community factors

● Failure to bond to school

● Poor academic performance

● Low academic aspirations

● living in a poor family

● Neighbourhood disadvantage

● disorganized neighbourhoods

● Concentration of delinquent peer groups

● Access to weapons

Source: this list is largely based on r. loeber and d.p. farrington, eds. 2001. Child delinquents:
development, intervention, and service needs. Thousand oaks, ca: sage publications, inc.

2.7 Factors underlying juvenile delinquency

Children with strong social bond will commit less crime than those who have weak social bond
(Hirschi, 1969). Hirschi, states that what prevents individuals from acting upon internal motivations
to commit crime is informal social control which results from the development of social bonds through
the process of socialization.

Karen (1995), states that there should be a good relationship between the mother and the child so that
the child will not develop mistrust and anger. If a child develops anger and mistrust then that child
becomes a child without a conscience and behaves in an anti-social manner. Kupersmidt and dodge
(2004) maintain that there are two extreme hypotheses which specify the different roles of peers in
developing the aggressive and antisocial behaviour of a delinquent child, and there are some individual
characteristics which give rise to delinquency among children.

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 19


Harvey and fine (2004) studied that the children who had emotions of anger inside them led to the
opposite end of the law and this was found in the case of the children whose parents were divorced.
This occurred because these children needed proper care from their parents which was lacking.

zigler et al (1996:310) observed that children who frequently expose to environmental violence
experience the symptoms of fear, anxiety, and stress which leads to delinquent behaviour in the later
stage.

coma nor and Philips (2002) observed that fathers play a critical role in the rearing of boys at a tender
age and having a step-father also increases the delinquency among the children rather than having a
step-mother.

Weather burn and Lind (1997) observed that the reasons for delinquency in urban and rural areas where
same such as social and economic stress, child neglect, and child abuse. According to them the social
and economic disadvantages are the root cause which leads to an increasing rate in the offences such
as theft, robbery.

Factors chart Fig: 10 (SOURCE: (http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/34880/10/10_chapter%202.pdf))

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 20


2.8 Demographic characteristics of the sample

2.8.1 Age

The age characteristics of the sample can be analysed as to which age group represented higher rate
of committing crime in the age range of 6-18 years. The juveniles falling under the age group of 5-9
years were not found in the observation home. Children in the age group of 10-14 years constituted
28% of the inmates. And the rest 72% of the inmates fell in the age group of 15-18 years. It is indicated
by this statistics that the children above 15 years of age represented the age group having maximum
number of offenders.

AGE FACTOR
0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
5-9 years 15-18 years 10-14 years

Chart: 1(Source author according to literature study)

2.8.2 Nature of offence

The results showed a significant involvement of the juveniles in the offences like-rape, murder, theft,
and some other offences like drinking and smoking. The highest involvement in the offences
committed was theft, i.e. around 36%, followed by murder which was 32% of the crimes committed.
While only 8% of the sample was caught for minor offences like smoking and drinking, around 11
offenders were accused of rape.

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 21


NATURE OF OFFENCE
%
36%

32%

22%

8%
THEFT MURDER RAPE OTHERS(SMOKING,DRINKING)

Chart: 2(Source author according to literature study)

2.8.3 Educational qualification: Educational qualification has an important role to play in the
delinquency strand. Education received in school is expected to affect the frequency and severity of
the crimes committed. In the present study, even though the larger part of the sample (70%) was
literate, only 45.71% of the inmates had completed their upper primary education, and 31.42% had
been to high school level and 22.85% had attained lower primary education. the rest 30% of the inmates
were found to be illiterate.

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION
lower primary upper primary high school illiterate
45.71%

31.42%

30%
22.85%

LITERATE ILLITERATE

Chart: 3(Source author according to literature study)


Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 22
2.8.4 Gender

All the inmates were male in the present study. There are two government observation homes in
Odisha i.e. one in Rourkela and another in Berhampur. The observation home which is in Rourkela is
solely meant for boys and another observation home which is in Berhampur is solely meant for girls
(known as the central home for women).

2.8.5 Religion

Most of the juveniles belonged to Hindu religion i.e. 72%, whereas 8% were Muslims, and the rest
20%, Christians.

RE L IGIO N
%
72%

20%
8%

HINDU MUSLIM CHIRSTAIN

Chart: 4(Source author according to literature study)

2.8.6 Past history of employment of the juveniles

The distribution of the employment background of the juveniles reveals that most of the juveniles were
having a history of employment as a daily wage labour i.e. 62.5%. Many juveniles (37.5%) had an
employment background of working as domestic servants, cultivators, and private firm workers as

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 23


well. this shows that the juveniles mostly belonged to a low socio-economic background.

H IS TO RY O F E MPL O YE ME NT
%
62.50%

12.50%

12.50%

12.50%
DAILY WAGE LABOUR DOMESTIC SERVANT CULTIVATOR PRIVATE FIRM

Chart: 5(Source author according to literature study)

2.8.7 Family background:

Looking into the family background of the delinquents, 90% of the parents of the juveniles were found
to be illiterate, whereas only 10% of the parents were literate with matriculation as the maximum
educational level. It can be seen that most of the juveniles came from families lacking in literacy and
education. Education of the parents is an important factor in inducing right conduct and moral of the
child. In the present study, the majority of the delinquents were found to be deprived of such advantage.
Around 52% of the parents were daily wage labourers and around 28% were engaged in agriculture
4% parents were driver, 8% are domestic servants and 8% were contractor. This shows that all the
juveniles belonged to poor socio-economic status and the family income per month on an average
amounted to Rs 4000-5000.

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 24


FAMILY BACKGROUND
%
52%

28%

8%

8%
4%

DAILY WAGE LABOUR FARMER DRIVER DOMASTIC SERVANT CONTRACTOR

Chart: 6(Source author according to literature study)

A good number of parents, i.e. around 72%, were reported by the juvenile’s as being free from alcohol
addiction and 28% of the parents were reported to be addicted to alcohol. All the juveniles, reporting
addiction to alcohol in the family, also opined that they had poor relationship with their fathers owing
to frequent fights with wife and children during the drunken state. Although the data shows less
families being affected by alcoholism, it is assumed that the juveniles might not have confessed the
truth in this regard due to embarrassment. Therefore, it is premature to indicate from results that
alcoholism had a significant impact on parent-child relationship.

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 25


REPORTING ALCOHOL ADDICTION IN FAMILY
80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
yes no

Chart: 7(Source author according to literature study)

The study has shown a significant result that almost all the juveniles belonged to families that did not
have a criminal record. Around 96% of the families did not have a criminal record and only 4% of the
families had criminal record, as reported by the respondents. Therefore, the factor of social learning
for committing crime can be ruled out. Even without any crime record in the family, children were still
into delinquency in the absence of examples before them.

DELINQUENCY/CRIME RECORD OF MEMBERS IN


THE FAMILY
%
96%
4%

YES NO

Chart: 8(Source author according to literature study)

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 26


2.8.8 Peer group and their influences

The study found that in many cases the influence of the peer group was highly responsible to work as
stimuli for the juvenile to commit a crime. Around 66% of the juveniles were involved in crime along
with their friends. Around 34% of the juveniles reported that they were not affected by the peer group
in committing crime. Around 87.87% juveniles reported that they liked to spend most of the waking
time with their friends (some of them even bunking classes to be with them), while 12.13% juveniles
said that friends of theirs were just playmates. Around 9% of the juveniles reported that they liked their
peer group for smoking and drinking purposes.

PEER GROUP AND THEIR INFLUENCES


%
66%

34%

YES NO

Chart: 9(Source author according to literature study)

It is evident that majority of the juveniles belonged to poor socio-economic background with low
parental education and income. Even though majority of the data said that their families were not
victims of alcoholism and criminal record, these children were in conflict with law for easy money,
peer influence and pressure from the parents to have income of their own. The peer group had
significant impact on the juveniles not only in terms of amount of time spent with friends, but also
in committing any offence or acts that were in conflict with law.

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 27


2.8.9 Individual characteristics

There exist a lot of individual factors which are responsible for committing crime by the juveniles.
Psychological dimensions highlight the structure of delinquent personality, emotions, motivations,
motives of committing the crime, the offender's behavior in relation to the offense committed
(judgment, irresponsibility).Internal risk factors (individual) include smoking and drinking, self-
aggressive behaviors, neuroticism(a personality trait characterized by instability, anxiety, aggression,
etc.), truancy, ideas/attempts of suicide, consumption of drugs/similar substances, mental illness, sleep
disturbances, depression and so on. In the present study, assessment of individual characteristics like
emotional and personality patterns of the juveniles was done with the help of feedback by the
supervisors (3 nos.) in the Observation Home. Around 13 juveniles were described as being aggressive,
and around 16 of them were described as humble. While 12 juveniles were described as untruthful and
mendacious, 9 of them were described as being jovial in nature. Around 8% of the sample was caught
for offence like smoking and drinking. Therefore, it can be assumed that few juveniles exhibited
internal risk factors like smoking and drinking. Apart from this, no other mental illness or any other
kind of risk factors (mentioned above), were reported by the supervisors of Home. During the
interviewing process, it has been found that 88% of the juveniles had sound health and rest 12% of the
juveniles were in feeble condition.

EMOTIONAL AND PERSONALITY MAKE -UP


%
32%
26%

24%
18%

AGGRESSIVE HUMBLE JOVIAL MENDACIOUS

Chart: 10(Source author according to literature study)

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 28


Even though no mental illness and minor risk behavior like smoking and drinking were reported in the
sample, it is important to recognize the vulnerable age at which these juveniles were caught. All the
juveniles were adolescents and this age-group is a difficult and sensitive period in human development.
It can be concluded that these juveniles could not cope with the demands of life properly, given that
they were at a difficult age and also came from a socio-economic background not conducive for proper
growth and development of a child. 25 Depending on the success or failure of the process of
socialization (the family, school or group membership), teenagers may face some difficulties that can
guide its behavior in the wrong direction.

2.8.10 Perception of Fairness: The second objective of the study was to examine the perception
of fairness of justice among the juvenile delinquents. Justice is a vital phenomenon that incorporates
the perception of fairness in the law for the juvenile delinquents. The inmates were asked as to whether
they were fairly treated by law, both before and after being caught. Majority of the juveniles (around
58%) reported that they have been treated fairly. Rest 36% of the juveniles reported of being arrested
by mistake. Around 6% of the juveniles said that they were badly treated by the police after being
caught. Thus, the results showed that the majority of the inmates admitted of committing the offence
for which they were caught and only a minority reported that they have been unfairly treated by law.
In other words, they were of the opinion that they did not commit anything wrong and still they were
accused of committing of some kind of offence. Very few children also reported that they were ill-
treated by the police before they were brought to the Home.

PERCEPTION OF FAIRNESS
%
58%

36%

6%

JUVENILES ADMITTING JUVENILES NOT JUVENILES REPORTING


OF COMMITTING ADMITTING OF OF BEING BADLY
OFFENCE FOR WHICH COMMITTING ANY TREATED BY THE POLICE
THEY WERE ACCUSED OFFENCE

Chart: 11(Source author according to literature study)

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 29


Research shows that perception of fair treatment by justice system has a significant effect on the
attitude and emotional health of the offenders. When children perceive that they have been unfairly
treated, it can result in frustration, aggression and revengefulness. And this mental imbalance can act
as stimuli for further delinquent behavior. Therefore, fair treatment of juveniles, both during and after
the crime, is an important consideration to be followed by administrators in Police, Court and Short
Stay Homes. In the present study, a majority of the juveniles perceived that they were being fairly
treated after they were caught. This finding 26 indicates that, this positive perception of fairness may
be conducive for the present and future growth and development of these children in conflict with law.

3.0 History of juvenile justice system in India

In present era, a movement for the special treatment of juvenile offenders has started throughout the
world including many developed countries like U.K., U.S.A. this movement has been started around
the 18th century. Prior to this, juvenile offenders were treated as same as other criminal offenders. And
for the same reason, general assembly of United Nations has adopted a convention on the rights of
child on 20th November 1989. This convention seeks to protect the best interest of juvenile offenders.
The convention states that to protect the social – reintegration of juvenile, there shall be no judicial
proceeding and court trials against them. The convention leads the Indian legislation to repeal the
juvenile justice act, 1986 and to make a new law. Thus, Indian legislation came up with a new act
which was called as “the juvenile justice (care and protection of children) act, 2000.

the juvenile justice, 1986 which repealed the earlier children act, 1960, aimed at giving effect to the
guidelines contained in the standard minimum rules for the administration of juvenile justice adopted
by the U.N. countries in November 1985.the above mentioned act consisted of 63 sections, 7 chapters
and is extended to whole India expect to the state of Jammu and Kashmir. The primary purpose of the
act was to provide care and protection, treatment, development and rehabilitation of the neglected
juvenile delinquent. The main objectives of the act were:-

1. The act basically laid down uniform framework for the juvenile justice in country in such a
way that it protects the right and interest of juvenile.
2. It talks about the machinery and infra – structure for the care, protection treatment,
development and rehabilitation of the juvenile offenders.
Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 30
3. It set out the basic provisions for the proper and fair administration of criminal justice in
case of heinous crime done by juvenile offenders.

3.1 JUVENILE JUSTICE ACT, 2000

The act was enacted in year 2000 with aim and intent to provide protection for children. The mentioned
was amended twice – first in the year of 2006 and later in year of 2011 .the amendment was made to
address the gap and loopholes in the implementation.

Further, the increasing number of cases of juvenile crimes in the last recent years and frightful
incident of “Delhi gang rape case” has forced the law makers to come up with the law. The major
drawback of the act was that it contains ill equipped legal provisions and malfunctioning juvenile
system was also the major reason in preventing the juvenile crimes in India. The act was replaced soon
by the juvenile justice (care and protection) act, 2015.

3.2 DEFINITION OF CHILD AND JUVENILE UNDER THE JUVENILE


JUSTICE ACT, 2015 AND OTHER VARIOUS LAWS

generally, a “child ”mean a person who has not attain the age of 18 years and is not mature to
understand that what is right and wrong . In modern era, the penal laws of most countries have adopted
the principle of ‘doli incapex’, which means of knowing that act there are committing is a crime. the
penal laws also states that only child between the age of seven to twelve age can be convicted,
provided that, the act they have committed is a heinous crime and they have knowledge and has
attained the sufficient knowledge to understand the consequences of their act.

According to sub- section 12 of section 2 of the juvenile (care and protection) act, 2015 a “child”
means a person who has not completed eighteen years of age. The act classifies the term “child” into
two categories: –

 “Child in conflict with law”, and


 “Child in need of care and protection”.

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 31


The child who has committed an offence and he or she is under the age of 18 years on the date of
commission of the offence is basically called as “child in conflict with law”. The second sub – category
is “child in need of care and protection” means a child ad defined under section 14 of the act.

 Children act, 1960:- section 2(e) of the act states “child” means a boy who has not attained
the age of sixteen years or a girl who has not attained the age of eighteen years.
 united nations convention : – the un convention on the rights of child, 1989 defines that
“child” means a human being below the age of eighteen years unless the law declaration
applicable to child , majority is attained earlier.

3.3 PRESENT JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM IN INDIA

Like the other countries, India had also made legal provisions that especially and specifically deals
with the rights and protection of juvenile offenders which seeks to tackle the problem of juvenile
delinquency. The juvenile justice system in India is made on the basis of three main assumptions:-

1. young offenders should not be tried in courts , rather they should be corrected in all the best
possible ways,
2. they should not be punished by the courts , but they should get a chance to reform
3. Trial for child in conflict with law should be based on non-penal treatment through the
communities based upon the social control agencies for e.g. observation homes and special
homes.

3.4 JUVENILE JUSTICE ACT, 2015

the aims to consolidate the laws relating to children alleged and found to be in conflict with law and
children in need of care and protection by catering and considering their basic needs through proper
care& protection , development, treatment , social- integration , by adopting a child friendly approach
in the adjudication and disposal of matters in the best interest of children. The act also focuses on
rehabilitation of juvenile offenders through various child care houses and institutions.

3.5 JUVENILE JUSTICE AND CONSTITUTION OF INDIA

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 32


1. Right to free and compulsory elementary education for all the children under the age of 6
to 14 years.( article 21a)
2. Right to be protected from any hazardous employment under the age of fourteen age.(article
24)
3. Right to be protected from being abused in any form by an adult. (Article 39(e)).
4. Right to be protected from human trafficking and forced bonded labour system.( article
(article 39)
5. Right to be provided with good nutrition and proper standard of living.(article 47)
6. Article 15(3) of the constitution of India provides special powers to state to make any
special laws for the upliftment and the betterment of children and women.

3.6 BAIL OF JUVENILES

1. Bail is available to juvenile in all cases as long as juvenile justice board find the release of this
child will not place him in any type of danger from the other people or society.
2. Bail is also depends on the level of crime which is done by juvenile.
3. If the child is not release on bail he is only to be placed into the custody of an observation
home or any safe place.

3.7 JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM IN U.K.

For the first time in 1908 juvenile courts were established in England under the children act, 1908. The
primary duty of these courts was to provide proper care and protection to child and young offenders
and take all the necessary steps to remove all undesirable surroundings around the offenders and to
ensure reformation of the offenders by providing education and training.

1. The children and young offenders act, 1933 confers the civil powers on the juvenile courts
in certain important cases to look into matter. The act also provides that any child and young
person who have committed the crime should be tried in juvenile courts only. The act also
provides the establishment of remand homes.
2. UK legislation also came with the new act that also deals with rights of juvenile offenders.
The act came to know as the criminal justice act, 1948, the act provides certain class of
security to young offenders by sending them to remand homes.

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 33


3.8 JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM IN U.S.A

The working of juvenile courts in U.S.A. Is relatively less complex and easier as compared to the
other nations. The courts of U.S.A. follows the informal way in the process of trial of offender. at the
first stage , the police officer in the charge of the case has the full discretion power either to keep the
juvenile offender in the child custody or to immediately release him or to admonish the offender or to
do the both. In the second stage police officer have to contact the juvenile courts to make them aware
about the case and to take the matters into their hands.

Juvenile offenders after the trial in court is being sent to certified schools or to the children homes if
the order is passed by the court. According to the juvenile justice system in U.S.A. a juvenile is tried
as an adult only in those cases where the age of the juvenile is close to adulthood as per the statutory
provisions or any juvenile offenders who is found to be involved in repeated offences and is proved
danger to the society.

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 34


4.0 Inference

In above literature study we analyse the behaviour of juveniles and their nature of
offence. According to the survey the maximum % of nature of offence is theft which is
the initial and miniature level of offence this can be increase if they are not get punished
for their offence they do it again and again because “crime is crime either it is big or
small” so that they should be punished at their miniature level of crime and after that
study we analyse the history of Indian juvenile act and present juvenile and bail
provisions in India after that an overview study about the other country’s juvenile act.
This helps to study about the juvenile’s legal rights and limitations.

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 35


5.0 Case study: 1

Juvenile hall at Sonoma County, California

5.1 Introduction

Sonoma country’s modern juvenile home at Santa Rosa, opened in December 2005. The facility has
the capacity to provide secure residential housing to 140 youths. In order to meet Sonoma County's
needs well into the future, the building was designed to support expansion of up to 100 beds, providing
the potential of a 240 bed facility. The housing units were also designed with a focus on overall
environmental quality, which reduces tensions and assists our Juvenile Correctional Counsellors in
effectively managing the population.

The hall is design for female juvenile offenders of age 16-18 years. Due to the less number of female
offenders it was recommended that they also can be accommodate male offenders also.

In this center they provide three type of facilities in the campus:

1. Juvenile hall
2. Probation camp
3. Sierra youth center

5.2 Missions of juvenile hall

1. Provide for community protection by securely and safely housing youth who pose a danger to
themselves or others.

2. Ensure residents are provided an environment that treats them with respect and dignity, respects
their value, recognizes their individual rights, is culturally sensitive, and understands cultural
diversity.

3. Ensure residents are provided a level of supervision and discipline, which promotes
accountability and responsibility and does not exceed the limits necessary to achieve the
desired behavior. The institutional environment should be as least restrictive as possible, but
structured as necessary to maintain order and safety. Institutional staff should maintain control
by communicating and interacting with residents and through the use of professional skills and
abilities.

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 36


4. Provide academic, psychological, psycho-educational, recreational and other services, which
will promote personal growth and enable residents to develop the skills and values necessary
to succeed.

5. Ensure staff serves as a role model and look to them to exhibit standards of socially acceptable
behavior. Staff should always project the appearance, attitude, and behavior which creates an
atmosphere of mutual respect and which displays the highest professional and ethical standards.

5.3 Services of juvenile hall

1. Secure physical care


2. Care and treatment services
3. A behaviour management system design to foster personal responsibility.
4. Medical services provided
5. Recreational areas provided

5.4 Sonoma county probation camp

Sonoma County Probation Camp is a 24-bed, three-phase, short-term correctional treatment facility
under the administration of the Probation Department for 16 to 18 year old males committed by the
Juvenile Court.

First established in 1955, Probation Camp has a long and proud history of providing positive
opportunities for the young men committed to the program, resulting in more productive citizens and
safer communities in Sonoma County.

The Sonoma country probation camp is aims to address the issues related to antisocial, illegal
behaviour, thinking type of the youth. They help to the juveniles how to change their thought process
in the term of responsibility of their action, reaction and there way to he or she response.

5.5 Its services

1. The residents receive individualized focus toward obtainment of the GED and/or High School
diploma.

2. Residents participate in a year-round Wilderness Experience Program, which includes back-


pack trips, cross-country skiing or snow shoeing, and hiking, all of which reinforce the lessons
of self-reliance and responsibility.

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 37


3. Involvement with local industries provides realistic vocational training, selective job placement
upon referral from Camp staff, and production contract work. Camp residents have the
opportunity to participate in local vocational competitions as well as explore classes at the
Santa Rosa Junior College.

4. A work experience program developed in cooperation with many County departments, State
Parks and local industry, facilitates the development of many construction occupational skills
and provides a service to the community and a savings for the taxpayers of the County in work
hours completed by the Camp.

5. Camp maintains a greenhouse and garden where their maintenance and operation are taught to
selected residents. Fruits and vegetables are cultivated by the Camp residents for consumption
at Camp and for Camp catered events, saving tax dollars through supplementing the Camp’s
food budget.

6. A complete Culinary Arts program is offered to all Probation Camp youth, including Catering
and Food Service. The Camp residents, under the instruction of the chef, participate in all
cooking, baking and service for the events, which in turn gives them valuable experience.

7. During a resident’s stay, he is required to earn and pay court ordered restitution to the victims
of his crimes. The products produced and the work projects completed by Camp residents help
to save the taxpayer money and provide the residents applicable occupational skills.

8. Residents can earn furloughs ranging from eight hours to 12 hours per week, as determined by
responsible behavioural change, public safety, and time in program. Furloughs are a privilege,
not a right. Camp provides intensive supervision and support to the resident and his family as
they transition back into the community in order to ensure public safety and foster success.

9. A fully equipped industrial woodworking / metal shop provides the experience in the operation
of many hand and power tools and equipment necessary for employment in industry or
construction fields. Residents may earn Camp Employability Skills Competency Certificates
in Welding, Wood Working, Food Service, Electrical Wiring, Plumbing and Landscaping, and
be trained and certified as OSHA approved forklift operators.

5.6 Sierra youth centre

This centre is deals with to minimize the risk of misbehavior and to develop healthier skills, abilities
and positive attitude. Inmates of the center stay from 6-12 month depending on the progress of the

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 38


offenders. The center is also provides an aftercare programs that is stabilized to provide extra 6-14
month to assist the families of the offenders and ensure that the juveniles have successfully returned
home with new mind set and positive attitude towards the community.

5.7 Services in youth center

In the center there are many programs are provided:

1. Recreational activities

2. Educational activities

3. Work crew

4. Educational therapy

Fig:2 Exterior view of sonoma country juvenile(SOURCE: (https://sonomacounty.ca.gov/Probation/Juvenile-Hall/))

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 39


Fig:3 Bird eye view of sonoma country juvenile justice center(SOURCE: (https://sonomacounty.ca.gov/Probation/Juvenile-Hall/))

Fig: 4 waiting area of sonoma county juvenile home(SOURCE: (https://sonomacounty.ca.gov/Probation/Juvenile-Hall/))

Fig: 5 dining area(SOURCE: (https://sonomacounty.ca.gov/Probation/Juvenile-Hall/))

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 40


Fig:6 Dormitories/housing area of juveniles(SOURCE: (https://sonomacounty.ca.gov/Probation/Juvenile-Hall/))

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 41


6.0 Case Study: 2
6.1 Boone county juvenile justice center, Missouri, US

6.2 Introduction:

This project began as an expansion and renovation of the existing juvenile justice center. This is located
at Missouri California. After analyzing the probability of the building conservation and new
construction project took new direction. Cost analysis identified that the new design could be develop
within construction budget. The new building would be fully better organized which full filled all
requirements.

6.3 Architect:

 The Simon associates incorporation designed the Boone county juvenile justice center and the
project architect is john Simon.
 The building area of project is 14,350 sq. ft. the building type consist of pre-engineered metal
building with noncombustible interior components.
6.4 Program:

The services provided at the Boone county juvenile justice center mainly consist of the four different
program.

6.5 Detention program:

 All detained juveniles have to pass bylaws enforcement agency, which will refer them to a
juvenile officer.
 The juvenile offer will then decide in the youth should be placed in the detention center and if
so the Boone county juvenile justice center will be contacted to be given information regarding
the juvenile, name, date of birth, sex , offense, attitude etc. when the juvenile admitted.

6.6 The evolution program:

 Placement of evolution status is confirmed after the juvenile is committed into the center and
prior to the hearing. An evaluation of the youth is then completed to determine their specific
status and related issues. Later on other evolution procedures are also essential to determine
the progress of the juvenile.

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 42


 At the case of a juvenile to be released another evaluation to determine the certainty of his/her
status must be completed to determine their efficiency of their ability to go back to the
community.
6.7 Short term care program:

 This program is aim to provide the right communication between the juveniles and the
supervising deputy juvenile officer.
6.8 Placement program:

 A placement program is for long term juvenile who have to be admitted into the center for a
long period of the time to guarantee their improvement and the safety of a community.
 After the completion of the placement program, a court order would determine if the juvenile
has achieved a better status, his/her expectations improved and if they are ready to release into
the community.
6.9 Space distribution (zoning):

 The Boone county juvenile center consists of two level of occupancy that exist in the facility.
Boys and girls detention areas provide the highest level of security for the residents and staff.
 Each occupants at the facility will be assigned to a private room measuring approximately 70
sq. ft. in the detention wings the occupancy is eight boys and four girls.
 In the residential wings, where youth are in temporary placement for evolution, there is an
occupancy of fourteen boys and seven girls.
 The security system consists of computer activated electronic locks and monitors interfaced
with closed circuit televisions and smoke and heat detection sensors.

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 43


Fig: 7 front elevation of juvenile justice center (SOURCE:
(https://issuu.com/chaitanyakorra/docs/juvenile_correctional_center_reform))

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 44


7.0 Case study: 3

7.1 Juvenile home for boys, Saidabad, Hyderabad

7.2 Introduction:

Juvenile home for boys in Saidabad comprises of 2 blocks which accommodates under trails in
observation home and juveniles in children home, special home.

7.3 Children home:

Consist of four dormitories and facilities like hospital, vocational training, and recreation room has
been provided but there is no proper ventilation and light inside the rooms. In addition there is
sufficient space for holding classes for juvenile education different reforming activities like yoga
meditation etc. which is held in open spaces in front of the home. Washing and bathing facilities have
been provided in dormitories, sufficient water has been provided for drinking and bathing purpose.
The juveniles are being served hot and fresh food. There is provision of dining space in the home so
that food may be served in community space.

7.4 Food clothing and bedding:

Inmates are provided with diet as approved by juvenile authority. Special food is provided on the day
of national importance and festivals. No any special clothing system. Poor inmates are provided with
free clothing. Each inmates have provided their own beds.

7.5 Kitchen and food service:

Cooking of food through LPG cylinders. Kitchen is equipped with required machinery for preparation
of food in hygienic manner. Separate dining hall attached to kitchen has been provided for the
community involvement and hot food served for the children.

7.6 Characteristics:

 Site area 2.5 acres


 Location Saidabad, Hyderabad
 Type of system semi open
 Capacity 200
 Current no. of inmates 154

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 45


 Accommodation dormitories
 Type of juveniles lodges convicts and under trails
 Total staff 22
 Security grade low security
 Facilities provided accommodation room, dormitories, reception area,
library, kitchen, dining hall, hospital, play area, medical section, and vocational training
rooms.
 No interaction area
 No landscaping
7.7 General services and models

 Special education services


 Vocational training
 Placement services
 Juvenile housing services
 Medical services
 Behavior modification services
 Guidance and counseling services
 Community rehabilitation
 Food services

7.8 Special homes:

Consist of one dormitories and facilities like class room, medical section, library, vocational training
has been provided along with kitchen space but there is no proper ventilation inside the rooms.
Different reforming activities like yoga and meditation etc. were held in open space in the front of the
home. Convicts were lodged in special home.

7.9 Observation home:

Consist a dormitory and an office room with an open space in front. Under trails were being lodged in
observation home. Food is served along with the convicts in dining area. Washing and bathing facilities
were provided in dormitory.

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 46


7.10 Further observations:

The security of the center is low. Few juveniles have been escaped from the home. Provisions such
as library, water purifier plant for clean drinking water. No CCTV camera system is provided. Play
area has been occupied by CRPF camp hence children are not allowed to play any games. No proper
visitor management system.

7.11 Views of juvenile regarding their life in the juvenile home:

No proper hygiene in the rooms. There is no particular care taken in counseling the juvenile even
there is yoga and meditation, mental counseling is necessary. Treatment by staff is harsh and few
juvenile are beaten up by the staff.

Fig: 8 Entrance (SOURCE: (https://issuu.com/chaitanyakorra/docs/juvenile_correctional_center_reform))

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 47


Fig: 9 Inner roads of juvenile home (SOURCE: (https://issuu.com/chaitanyakorra/docs/juvenile_correctional_center_reform))

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 48


8.0 Inferences

After analysis of these three case study there are major points which should be considered at the
time of design:

Design mandatory Requirements:

8.1 Administration

 Superintendent room
 Deputy superintendent room
 Administration office
 Reception
 Toilet
 Record room
 Visitor room
 Seminar room
 Waiting room
 Photostat
8.2 Academic block

 Staff room
 Toilet
 Class room
 Library
 Computer lab
 Open waiting/discussion area
 Recreational spaces

8.3 Juvenile justice board office

 Juvenile justice board office


 Juvenile justice board court hall
 Juvenile justice board judge room

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 49


 Toilets

8.4 Parking

 Public parking
 Private parking

8.5 Service and programming block

 Vocational education
 Tailoring block
 Electrical room
 Fine art room
 Toilet
 Medical room
 Meditation room
 Seminar hall
 Welding/metallic workshop
 Handicraft workshop area

8.6 Juvenile housing

 Dormitories
 Toilets
 Recreation room
 Warden room
 Drinking water facilities
 TV room

8.7 Indoor/outdoor recreational activity

 Basketball court

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 50


 Volley ball court
 Badminton court
 Games room

8.8 Dining hall

 Kitchen
 Pantry area
 Dining hall
 Toilet

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 51


9.0 Conclusion

After all above the study we can conclude and frame the requirements of juvenile rehabilitation
Centre

Design mandatory Requirements:

Administration

 Superintendent room
 Deputy superintendent room
 Administration office
 Reception
 Toilet
 Record room
 Visitor room
 Seminar room
 Waiting room
 Photostat
Academic block

 Staff room
 Toilet
 Class room
 Library
 Computer lab
 Open waiting/discussion area
 Recreational spaces

Juvenile justice board office

 Juvenile justice board office


 Juvenile justice board court hall
 Juvenile justice board judge room

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 52


 Toilets
Parking

 Public parking
 Private parking

Service and programming block

 Vocational education
 Tailoring block
 Electrical room
 Fine art room
 Toilet
 Medical room
 Meditation room
 Seminar hall
 Welding/metallic workshop
 Handicraft workshop area

Juvenile housing

 Dormitories
 Toilets
 Recreation room
 Warden room
 Drinking water facilities
 TV room

Indoor/outdoor recreational activity

 Basketball court
 Volley ball court

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 53


 Badminton court
 Games room
 Welding workshop
 Farming
 Crafting workshop

Dining hall

 Kitchen
 Pantry area
 Dining hall
 Toilet

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 54


Recommendations

After the study and analyses the all case study and literature study I will
recommended that all juveniles have different- different type of mental health
and problems so that they should be treated individually for their problems by
design we can give different activities according to each juvenile after analyzing
the factors that what are the reason they commit crime.

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 55


10.0 Bibliography:

 (http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/34880/10/10_chapter%202.pdf)
 http://www.wcd.nic.in/sites/default/files/SOP%20ON%20REHABILITATION%20OF%20C
HILDREN%20IN%20CONFLICT%20WITH%20THE%20LAW_0_0.pdf
 (https://blog.ipleaders.in/juvenile-justice-system-india/)
 (https://sonomacounty.ca.gov/Probation/Juvenile-Hall/)
 papon,md(2015).juvenile correction and rehabilitation
centre.online(https://issuu.com/chaitanyakorra/docs/juvenile_correctional_center_reform)
 https://www.academia.edu/30665911/Built_Environment_for_Rehabilitation_Case_Studies_
of_Selected_Juvenile_Rehabilitation_Centres_in_Nigeria
 https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Topics/Topic.aspx?TopicID=49
 https://www.nap.edu/read/9747/chapter/7#186
 http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/4634/1/411HS1010.pdf

Proposal of built environment for juvenile rehabilitation center 56

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