Metabolic Syndrome

Management

Currently there are no randomized controlled studies specifically on the

management of Metabolic Syndrome. Based on clinical studies, treatment is
aggressive towards komponen2 Metabolic Syndrome can prevent or delay the
onset of diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. All patients diagnosed
with Metabolic Syndrome let motivated to change their eating habits and physical
exercise as a primary therapeutic approach. Weight loss can improve all aspects of
Metabolic Syndrome, reducing all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality.
However, most patients experience difficulty in achieving weight loss. Physical
exercise and dietary changes can lower blood pressure and improve lipid levels, so
as to improve the resistance insulin.13)

pharmacotherapy:

Against pasien2 who have risk factors and can not be managed only with changes
in lifestyle, pharmacologic intervention is needed to control blood pressure and
dyslipidemia. The use of aspirin and statins can reduce levels of C-reactive protein
and improve the lipid profile that is expected to lower the risk of cardiovascular
disease. Aggressive pharmacologic interventions against faktor2 has been proven
to prevent the risk of cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes
mellitus 13)

F. Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Management On Metabolic

Syndrome

Against pasien2 who have risk factors and can not be managed only with changes
in lifestyle, pharmacologic intervention is needed to control blood pressure and
dyslipidemia. The use of aspirin and statins can reduce levels of C-reactive protein
and improve the lipid profile that is expected to lower the risk of cardiovascular
disease. Aggressive pharmacologic interventions against faktor2 has been proven
to prevent the risk of cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes
mellitus.
pharmacological

◦ sulfonylureas

Lowers glucagon secretion.

Closing the potassium channel.

Can cause hypoglycemia.

◦ biguanide

Goal. biguanide metformin is often digunakanà

lowering gluconeogenesis

Slow down glucose absorption from the GI tract

Direct stimulation of glycolysis in tissues

Lowers plasma glucagon

Increases glucose utilization in the gut

◦ Glitazone

PPAR agonists

Stimulates the expression of several proteins that can improve insulin sensitivity
and improve glycemia.

Effecting the release of mediators of insulin resistance.

◦ α Inhibitor-glukooksidase
including dlm acarbose (Precose, Glucobay) and miglitol (Glyset) has a way of
working reduces glucose levels interfere with intestinal absorption of starch dlm.

Acarbose tends to lower insulin levels timeout eat

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor is indeterminate as effective as other drugs when in

use as tunggal.Bila combination therapy with metformin, insulin or sulfonylurea,
can increase its effectiveness.

Side effects: the production flatulent & diare.Mungkin affect iron absorption.

Non-Pharmacological Management:

physical training

By increasing physical activity is proven to reduce lipid levels and insulin

resistance in skeletal muscle.

Diet

The main target of diet on metabolic syndrome is to reduce the risk of

cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus.

Education

With adequate knowledge of the dangers and treatment of metabolic syndrome, it

will help lower the risk of complications of the metabolic syndrome.

symptom
Metabolic syndrome usually have no immediate symptoms. Most risk factors
associated with metabolic syndrome do not have any signs or symptoms, except a
large waist were easily visible. Doctors can diagnose metabolic syndrome by
measuring blood pressure and waist circumference and ask for a simple blood test
to determine levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and blood sugar.

Medical problems related to metabolic syndrome develops gradually over time.

Some people may have symptoms of high blood sugar (if you have diabetes) or
symptoms of high blood pressure (having hypertension). Symptoms of high blood
sugar that may be present are increased thirst, frequent urination, especially at
night, fatigue and blurred vision. High blood pressure usually has no signs or
symptoms. However, some people in the early stages of hypertension may have a
headache, dizziness, or nosebleeds more often than usual.

Cause

The underlying cause of metabolic syndrome is still not known for sure, but insulin
resistance and central obesity is considered a significant factor. Genetics, physical
activity, aging, proinflammatory conditions and hormonal changes may also play a
role.

Prevention / Management

The metabolic syndrome has several causes that can be controlled and can not be
controlled. You can not hold back the aging process and vulnerability are innate
(genetic). However, you can eliminate insulin resistance and excess fat on your
stomach.

The first-line treatment for metabolic syndrome is lifestyle changes, including

weight loss, increased physical activity, a healthy diet and quitting smoking.
Lifestyle changes can also help reverse or reduce the risk of heart disease and
diabetes and the complications of the condition.

Weight loss: if you carry excess fat around the waist, you need to lose weight.

Increased physical activity: exercise 30 minutes a day with moderate exercise can
help you lose weight, decrease insulin resistance, lowering blood pressure, and
LDL (bad) cholesterol, increase HDL (good) cholesterol, and reduce the risk of
diabetes and heart disease

A healthy diet: choose healthy foods to lose weight and reduce your risk of heart
disease or diabetes.

Quit smoking: If you smoke, you should stop immediately. In addition to causing
heart disease, smoking increases the levels of triglycerides and lower HDL.

Sometimes lifestyle changes alone are not enough, your doctor may prescribe
medications to help manage risk factors such as high blood pressure, high blood
glucose and high cholesterol.

REF: CRITERIA BY METABOLIC SYNDROME Dr. Dra. Nurhaedar Jafar,

Apt, Kes IN 2011, UNHAS FACULTY OF NUTRITION SCIENCE
PROGRAM