Group # : 3 DOP : _______

Preliminary Data Sheet

EE 281L

Experiment no. 2

Ohm’s Law Relationships

I. Objectives

1. For the student to verify ohm’s law by calculating, and then by measuring

voltage, current and resistance, and then comparing the calculated and

measured results.

2. For the student to verify ohm’s law relationships by increasing one quantity

while holding the second quantity constant, the measuring and calculating the

effect on the third quatity.

II. Equipment and Parts

○ Digital Multimeter (DMM),

○ Power supply

○ Resistor

○ Alligator clips

III. Information

The three forms of Ohm’s Law are:

The procedures in this experiment will have the student verify these formulas by

comparing measured data. Allow for a reasonable tolerance in your data. For
example: Measured voltage = 15 V; Calculated voltage = 14.8 V. To compare these,

we use

Due to the accuracy of the measurement instruments (digital voltmeter,

digital ohmmeter about analog ammeter about ), measurements in the DC

laboratory that agree within may be considered equal for most purposes.

IV. Procedures

1. Perform the following steps to verify that

CURRENT = VOLTAGE DIVIDED BY RESISTANCE.

A. Measure the resistance of the 6.8 k Ω (color-coded value) resistor with the

DMM.

: 29.98 k Ω

B. Connect the circuit in Figure 1.

 C. Adjust the power supply voltage to 15.0 V using the DMM set on its DC

voltage mode.

D. Measure and record the voltage across the resistor.

E. Look carefully at Figure 2: the multimeter is incorrectly measuring VR1,

since it will read both the voltage across R1 AND the voltage across the

ammeter. Figure 3 shows the correct way to measure VR1. Make sure that

the voltage across R1 is still 15.o V (it MAY have dropped slight due to the

milliammeter).

F. Measure and record the current through R1. = 0.3µA

G. Using the measured values of voltage and resistance, calculate the current

through using OHM’s Law.

= 0.5 µA

H. What conclusion can you make from these procedures?

Current varies directly to the voltage and varies inversely to the

resistance.

2. Perform the following steps to verify that

RESISTANCE EQUALS VOLTAGE DIVEDED BY CURRENT:

 A. Connect the same circuit as in figure 3, except change the value of

resistance of 1.8 k Ω (color-coded value).

B. Measure and record the voltage across R1 and the current flow through

R1.

C. Calculate the resistance of R1 using the measured values of and

with Ohm’s Law.

D. Remove R1 from the circuit. Measure and record the resistance of R1

using the multimeter.

E. What conclusion can you make from these procedures?

Resistance varies directly to the voltage and varies inversely to the

current.

3. Perform the procedure to verify that

VOLTAGE EQUALS CURRENT TIMES RESISTANCE.

A. Connect the circuit in Figure 3, except change the resistor to 9.1 k Ω. (color-

coded value)

B. Measure the resistance of this resistor making sure that the resistor is

removed from the circuit.

C. Reinsert the resistor into the circuit and measure the current through the

resistor.

D. Calculate, using Ohm’s Law, the resistor voltage using the measured values of

resistance and current.

E. Measure the resistor voltage.

F. What conclusion can you make from these procedures?

VOLTAGE VARIES RESISTANCE TO THE PRODUCT OF THE RESISTANCE AND

CURRENT

4. Perform the following procedures to verify that

IF THE RESISTANCE IS HELD CONSTANT, INCRESING THE VOLTAGE WILL

INCREASE THE CURRENT.

A. Connect the circuit in Figure 3 using a 1.8 k Ω resistor. Set the voltage

source to 10.0V.

B. Measure the current trough the resistor

C. Increase the voltage source to 20V and again measure the current through

the resistor
 D. Based on the results of this procedure, what conclusion can be made

about the relationship between voltage and current for a fixed value of

resistance?

As voltage increases, the current also increases.

5. Perform the following procedures to verify that

IF THE VOLTAGE IS HELD CONSTANT, INCREASING THE RESISTANCE WILL

DECREASE THE CURRENT.

A. CONNEC5T THE CIRCUIT IN Figure 3, using a 1.8 k Ω color coded resistor.

Set the voltage source to 10.0V.

B. Measure the current through the resistor.

C. Change the resistor value to 29.98 k Ω and again measure the current

through the resistor.

D. Based on the result of this procedure, what conclusion can be made about

the relationship between resistance and current for a fixed value of

voltage?

RESISTANCE VARIES INVERSELY TO THE CURRENT AS RESISTANCE

INCREASES.

6. Perform the following procedures to verify that

 IF CURRENT IS HELD CONSTANT, INCREASING THE RESISTANCE WILL

INCREASE THE VOLTAGE.

A. Connect the circuit in Figure 3, using R=1.8 k Ω. Adjust the source voltage so

that the current through the resistor measures 2.0mA.

B. Measure the source voltage.

C. Change the resistor value to 29.98 k Ω. Again adjust the source voltage until the

current through the resistor measures 2.0mA.

D. Measure the source voltage.

E. Based on the results of this procedure, what conclusion can be made about

the relationship between resistance and voltage for a fixed value of current?

THE RESISTANCE VARIES DIRECTLY TO THE VOLTAGE AS RESITANCE

INCREASES.

V. Data and Result

The actions in this experiment will verify the formula of ohm’s law by

evaluating measured data with calculated data. You can see our explanation in

the question above of what conclusion can you make from the procedures.

From the first verification that “current is equal voltage divided by

resistance”. In other words, the current is directly proportional to the voltage and

inversely proportional to the resistance. So, an increase in the voltage will

increase the current as long as the resistance is held constant. Alternately, if the

resistance in a circuit is increased and the voltage does not change, the current

will decrease.

From the second verification that “resistance equals voltage divided by

current”. It tells us that we can calculate the resistance in a circuit if the voltage

and current are known. If the current is held constant, an increase in voltage will

result in an increase in resistance. Alternately, an increase in current while

holding the voltage constant will result in a decrease in resistance.

From the third verification that “voltage equals current times resistance. It

tells us that the voltage can be calculated if the current and the resistance in a
circuit are known. It can be seen from the equation that if either the current or

the resistance is increased in the circuit (while the other is unchanged), the

voltage will also have to increase.

VI. Observation

All the statement in this experiment was proven by carrying out a trial to the

three figures shown above. We used the Ohm’s law, and it defines the

relationships between power (P), voltage (E), current (I), and resistance. One ohm

is the resistance value through which one volt will maintain a current of one

ampere. I will include the relationships of them to each other in the conclusion

below.

VII. Conclusion

This experiment identifies the ohm’s law relationships. Meaning to say , how

voltage current , resistance relate.

First. It was based on my inspection that the use of alligator wires is for the

current (I), it flows on a wire or conductor like water flowing down a river. Current

flows from negative to positive on the surface of a conductor and measured in (A)

amperes.

Second. Voltage is the push or pressure behind current flow through a circuit,

and is measured in (V) volts. It is also the difference in electrical potential

between two points in a circuit.

 Third. A very high resistance allows a small amount of current to flow. A very

low resistance allows a large current to flow. It determines how much current will flow

through a component and.

Last. Power is the amount of current times the voltage level at a given point

measured in wattage or watts.

All of these variations of Ohm’s Law are mathematically equal to one another.

Kitt Rho Manarin Reynaldo Dela Cruz

Leader

Instructor