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What is dielectric
Difference between dielectric and insulator
Types of dielectrics
Dielectric constant
Types Dielectric polarization
Temperature Effect on Dielectric polarization
Frequency dependent Dielectric polarization
Dielectric Loss
Dielectric Break down
Dielectric : It is sub category of insulator
A dielectric (or dielectric material) is an
electrical insulator that can be polarized by
an applied electric field.
On the other hand, if they are used for charge storage then
they are called dielectrics or active dielectrics.
Property Dielectric Insulator
Polarize Polarize in an electric field. Can not polarize
P = μ / volume
Polarizability (α)
When a dielectric material is placed in an electric field,
the displacement of electric charge gives rise to the
creation of dipole in the material . The polarization P of
an elementary particle is directly proportional to the
electric field strength E.
Electrical flux density (D)
Applications
Insulation
Applications
Energy Storage
application
Piezo-
electric
dielectric
Types of dielectrics
Polar dielectrics
Non polar dielectrics
Non polar dielectrics
In a non-polar molecule, the centres of
positive and negative charges coincide.
The molecule then has no permanent (or
intrinsic) dipole moment.
- +
+
-
-
Electric Field
It is independent on temperature
Orientation polarization:
In polar molecules: (E=0) the net dipole moment is
negligibly small since all the molecular dipoles are
oriented randomly when there is no EF.
No Filed Field
present
Ionic Polarization
Ionic polarization arises due to the displacement of negative
ions and positive ions in opposite directions and it occurs in
ionic solids, in the presence of electric field.
- + - -
- +
+ + -
- +
- - - -
+ + +
+ + -
- +
- -
+ -
- +
+ + +
Electric field
It is independent of temperature
Space charge/interfacial
Polarization
This polarization occurs whenever there is an
accumulation of charge at an interface between two
materials (Or) two regions within the material
Total polarizability
Temperature dependence of
Polarization
Time scales of the polarization process
What is dielectric
Difference between dielectric and insulator
Types of dielectrics
Dielectric constant
Types Dielectric polarization
Temperature Effect on Dielectric polarization
Frequency dependent Dielectric polarization
Dielectric Loss
Dielectric Break down
Dielectric Break down
When the voltage applied across it exceeds
the breakdown voltage. This results in the
insulator becoming electrically conductor
Dielectric Strength
Or
Maximum electric field that the dielectric can
withstand without suffering electrical break down
Emax = Vmax/d
Dielectric Strength
Dielectric Break down
When the voltage applied across it exceeds
the breakdown voltage. This results in the
insulator becoming electrically conductor
Types of Dielectric Break down
1.Intrinsic
2.Thermal
3.Discharge
4.Electrochemical
5.Defect
Intrinsic Break down
when a dielectric is subjected to high electric fields the
electrons in the valence band acquire sufficient energy to
overcome the large energy gap and get excited to the
conduction band. The mobile electrons get highly
accelerated in the high electric field and so by collisions they
excite more electrons to the conduction band .thus more
and more electrons are released to the conduction band
resulting in an avalanche of conduction electrons
At Higher temperatures
In ac fields, Breakdown strength is lower
It depends upon size and shape of the material
Discharge Break down
As leakage current
Resistance of dielectric
Leads to dielectric breakdown
Defect Break down
Cracks
Porosity
Moisture may deposit
δ= 90- φ
Tan δ known as los tangent
Power loss= VI Tan δ
Or VI Cos φ
Clausius–Mossotti relation
P=
Problems
Particle in a 1 D box