The Ninth International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments ICEMI’2009

Application Research of PWM Inverter in the Cascade Speed Control System of

Inner-feedback Motor
Xiaodong Zhang Bingshu Wang Yongjun Lin Ruiqing Zhang
School of Control Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, China
Email: luckdd@163.com

Abstract – with the development of power electric technology,
the performance of the cascade speed-regulation technology
have improved, especially the chopping cascade system of
inner feedback motor. The cascade speed motor has high
harmonic and low power factor when the motor running in low
speed station. However, the power factor and harmonic can
improve by adopting three-phase voltage-source PWM inverter,
because the three-phase voltage-source PWM inverter can be
controlled to obtain unit power factor. In this paper, the
principle of cascade speed system adopting PWM inverter is
analyzed, and some simulation results show that the power
factor can be improved, especially in low speed.
Keywords – PWM, cascade speed control, inner feed-back
motor, chopping.
II. SYSTEM DISCRIBTION
A. Structure of inner-feedback motor
There are three sets of windings in the feedback motor,
two windings in the stator and another in the rotor. One
winding of stator which connected to the power called
main winding, and other winding of stator which
received the slip power backed from the inverter called
feed-back winding of stator. The structure of
inner-feedback motor is showed fig.1.

I. INTRODUCTION

In recent years, as long as the fast development of

modern technology in electric, electronic and computer
control, the combination of these modern technique with
that of the cascade motor speed control has achieved
tremendous progress in system performances.
Comparing with other speed control techniques used for
high voltage/Large power motors, the cascade motor
speed control has its inherent advantages: the speed
control equipment (electric converter) handles much less Fig.1 Winds structure of inner-feedback motor
slip power and lower voltage of rotor circuit, and so on.
But there are high harmonic and low power factor when As shown in fig.1, As , Bs , Cs are terminals of the
the cascade motor speed control run in low speed
position, because the SCR inverter of the cascade motor main winding of stator, and An , Bn , Cn are feed-back
speed control make current wave distortion. winding terminals; ar , br , cr are terminals of rotor
Some methods have been done to deal with the above
winding.
problems in recent years. The three-phase voltage-source
PWM inverter can reach unit power factor, and which
B. Principle of cascade motor speed control
has far dynamic response and simple configure. The
power factor will be improved and the harmonic will be
reduced in cascade speed control equipment with The topological structure of chopping cascade speed
three-phase PWM inverter [1-2]. control system of inner-feedback motor adopting
This paper will be structured as follows: In section II, three-phase voltage-source PWM inverter is shown in
exposes the principle of the cascade speed control system fig.2, the purpose adopting inverter is to obtain constant
of inner-feedback motor adopting the three-phase direct voltage and unit power factor.
voltage-source PWM inverter; in section III , describes
the controlling method of PWM inverter and how to
calculate the parameters of PWM inverter; in section Č ,
gives the simulation results and analyze the dynamic
response of the cascade speed control system of
inner-feedback motor with PWM inverter. Conclusions
are given in section č.

Fig.2 topology structure of chopping cascade control system of
_____________________________ inner-feedback motor
978-1-4244-3864-8/09/$25.00 ©2009 IEEE

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The Ninth International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments ICEMI’2009
According to [3], rectified voltage can be expressed In fig.3 the control strategy of PWM inverter adopts
by formula (1): voltage/current double closed loop controlling. U R is
3X D s
Ud 2.34sE2 D  I d (  2 RD ) (1) the giving voltage, and the voltage regulator’s output is
S regarded as the current giving value.
Where,
U d -rectified voltage; B. Parameter of PWM inverter

E2 D -rated voltage of rotor; a. dc-side voltage of PWM

I d -rectified current; The dc-side voltage U b of three-phase voltage-source

RD , X D -resistance and inductance of motor; PWM inverter will be calculated according to the
rectified voltage U d . When duty cycle of IGBT switch
s -slid.
off, the rectifier can be rectified maximum dc voltage, so
The U b voltage inverted by the PWM can be
U b can be calculated by following equation:
control a constant value, so the voltage U c is a constant
U d max 2.34S max E2 D 
value. When the chopper duty cycle U changed, the
speed of motor can be control by duty cycle. As U b max U d max 2.34S max E2 D (6)
following show: Where,
3XDs U d max -rectified maximum dc voltage;
2.34sE2D  Id (  2RD  Rd ) (1 U)Uc (2)
S U b max -maximum dc voltage of inverter;
2.34 sE 2 D  (1 U )U c S max -maximum slip of motor
Id (3)
3X D s b. ac-side voltage of PWM
 2 R D  Rd According to [4], there is the following equation
S between dc voltage of PWM inverter dc-side and ac
From the eq. (3), the speed of motor can be voltage of PWM inverter ac-side, see eq.7
expressed by following equation:
(1 U)Uc  Id (2RD  Rd ) U b t 6U 3 (7)
n n0[1 ] (4) Where,
3X
2.34E2D  D Id U 3 -the phase voltage of feedback winding of the
S
Eq. (4) shows that the speed of motor is controlled motor
by the duty cycle of the chopper, and the system reach From eq (6) and eq (7), the maximum voltage U 3 max
different speed by changing the duty cycle of chopper. of PWM inverter ac-side can be calculated:
U 3 max d 0.955S max E2 D (8)
III. PWM INVERTER INTROUDUCE

A. Controlling structure of PWM inverter IV. SIMULATION ANALYSIS

The controlling structure of PWM inverter consist of According to the fig.1, build the simulation model of
main circuit and controlling circuit, see fig.3. chopping cascade speed control system of
inner-feedback motor and make some application
LN iA
researches, as following:
a
U 3B LN iB
U3A
b
C0
u0 A. Feed-back voltage and current simulation
U 3C LN iC
c
The purpose that adopting PWM inverter of cascade
speed motor is to make the current and voltage of
feedback winding have the opposite phase, than the
PWM inverter has unit power factor. When the cascade
iq  id speed motor is running in low speed, the simulation
i*
q 
result show in fig 4 .

u0

id* 
uR


Fig.3 controlling structure of three-phase voltage source

PWM inverter Fig 4 the wave of current and voltage of feedback winding

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The Ninth International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments ICEMI’2009
B. Total power factor of cascade speed motor


The total power factor of cascade speed motor can be

calculated by following equation:

SRZHUIDFWRU

Pw P1  P3 (9) 
cos M 
S
( P1  P3 )  (Q1 Q3 )
2 2 

Where, 
Pw üthe total active power of cascade speed system 
     
obtained from grid; VSHHGUPLQ
S ü the total apparent power of cascade speed
system; Fig 6 the total power of cascade speed system adopting SCR
inverter
P1ǃP3 üthe active power of stator and feedback
wind of cascade speed system. From the fig 5 and fig 6, the power factor of cascade
Q1ǃQ3 üthe reactive power of stator and feedback speed motor will reduce with the motor speed down. But
wind of cascade speed system. compare with the cascade speed motor controlled by
According to the fig 4, the current and the voltage has SCR inverter, the total factor of cascade speed motor can
the opposite phase, so the system has the unit power be improved, especially in low speed.
factor, so the reactive power Q3 of PWM inverter can
V. CONCLUSION
regard as zero, than the equation (9) can be described by
following equation: In this paper the three-phase voltage-source PWM
Pw P1  P3 (10)
inverter is used in cascade speed control system, the
cos M simulation results show the power factor of speed control
S
( P1  P3 ) 2 Q12 system has improved, especially in low speed. So, this
way adopting PWM inverter in cascade speed motor is
So the total factor of cascade speed motor adopting valid to resolve the problem of low power factor.
PWM inverter has improved in comparison with the
cascade speed system control by SCR inverter. REFERENCES
The fig 5 and the fig 6 show the total power factor of
the cascade speed motor in different speed, which adopt [1] Zhang Chun-Wei, Zhang Xing. PWM Rectifier and Control[M].
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[2] Zhu Yong-Liang, Ma Hui, Zhang Zong-lian. Dual closed-loop
control for three-phase high-power-factor PWM

rectifier[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2006.11,
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[3] Wei Ze-Guo. The principle and application of the silicon control
 cascade [M]. BeiJing: Metallurgy Industry Press,
SRZHUIDFWRU

 1985.8:138~181.
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 pulse width modulation current control method for active power
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VSHHGUPLQ

Fig 5 the total power of cascade speed system adopting PWM

inverter

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