This paper will serve as an overview of the processes that occur across each part of the Five Layer

Network Model when one network node connects to another network node on a separate network
through a TCP connection. For this example we will say that computer "A" requests data from computer
"B". This is because a web browser on computer A is requesting a webpage download from computer B.
The Five Layer Network Model consists of the Application, Transport, Network, Data Link, and Physical
Layers. The process begins at the Application Layer. This is where applications that necessitate network
communicating like a web browser operate. A message is created by the web browser that contains the
webpage download request. This message is now sent to the next layer which is the Transport Layer.
The Transport Layer adds the first header set to the message which is the TCP header. TCP headers are
used to contain the correct source and destination addresses that the message will be transported to.
The following layer is the Network Layer and it assigns an IP address for both the source and destination.
The Network layer is also able to tell the difference between packets meant for different applications
thanks to their Port numbers. A TCP Port identifies unique server programs on a computer connected to
a network. The number of a Port also classifies the type of Port that it is. Each host or network node on a
TCP network needs to remain separate and unique from each other to ensure the right data is sent to
the right network node. An IP address is a virtual address assigned to each network node by a router. A
router assigns IP address with the help of a routing table which contains a list of routes to specific
network destinations. Next up is the Data Link Layer which assigns a header containing the MAC address
information in order to create a frame. Any network node that has an IP address must also feature a
Media Access Controller or MAC address. MAC addresses are unique, not virtual, and are not assigned
by a separate device. They never change from their initial address that they were given by their
manufacturer. The frame is then passed on to the final layer which is the Physical Layer. A frame
contains bits and they are encoded and decoded by the Physical Layer. The Physical Layer is also
composed of all the necessary physical devices, such as cables, needed to transmit and receive signals
on the network. This allows the Physical Layer to finally transmit the bits it has received from the Data
Link Layer to a router. When sent to a router the datagram's TTL or Time To Live is reduced by one. This
method prevents a datagram from getting stuck in an endless loop by limiting its life cycle.

First computer A enters the name of a website into a web browser. The web browser operates on the
Application Layer and it is unable to provide the destination IP address so the PC uses a DNS client to
request the IP address for the website by sending a message to the Transport Layer. A header holding
the source and destination port its applied to the message. The next layer is the Network