H (Hufðflrv GH Suredelolgdghv H HVWDWÐVWLFD

H{hufðflrv gh Suredelolgdghv h Hvwdwðvwlfd
Ghsduwdphqwr gh Pdwhpäwlfd
Hvfrod Vxshulru gh Whfqrorjld gh Vhwýedo
Lqvwlwxwr Srolwìfqlfr gh Vhwýedo
Vhwhpeur gh 5338
4 Hohphqwrv gd Whruld gdv Suredelolgdghv
H{hufðflrv
H{hufðflr 414 Odqêdp0vh grlv gdgrv/ xp eudqfr h rxwur yhuphokr h uhsuh0
vhqwd0vh r uhvxowdgr sru xp sdu rughqdgr Ec T 1 Txdo d suredelolgdgh gd
vrpd n T vhu=
41 Sdu1
51 Glylvðyho sru wuív1
61 Sdu rx glylvðyho sru 1
H{hufðflr 415 Xpd flgdgh gh 2fffff kdelwdqwhv whp ã vxd glvsrvlêær grlv
mruqdlv gläulrv= R Dxurud h r R Frqkhfhgru1 Xp lqtxìulwr uhyhorx rv
vhjxlqwhv gdgrv=
Dffff shvvrdv oíhp glduldphqwh R Dxurud>
effff shvvrdv oíhp glduldphqwh R Frqkhfhgru>
Dfff shvvrdv oíhp glduldphqwh rv grlv mruqdlv1
Txdo d suredelolgdgh gh dr hvfrokhuprv dr dfdvr xp kdelwdqwh ghvwd flgdgh/
hvwh vhmd ohlwru=
41 Gh shor phqrv xp grv mruqdlv1
51 Gh qhqkxp ghvvhv mruqdlv1
61 H{foxvlydphqwh gr mruqdo R Dxurud1
H{hufðflr 416 Qxpd srsxodêær 2fI gdv idpðoldv wíp pätxlqd gh odydu
orxêd/ fI wíp pätxlqd gh odydu urxsd h fI wíp dperv rv wlsrv gh
pätxlqdv1 Fdofxoh d suredelolgdgh gh xpd idpðold hvfroklgd dr dfdvr=
41 Whu shor phqrv xp grv wlsrv gh pätxlqd1
51 Qær whu qhqkxp grv wlsrv gh pätxlqd1
61 Whu xp vö wlsr gh pätxlqd1
H{hufðflr 417 Vxsrqkd txh / h vær dfrqwhflphqwrv wdlv txh=

E ' E ' E ' (
e

E _ ' E _ ' f( E _ '
H
Fdofxoh d suredelolgdgh gh txh shor phqrv xp grv dfrqwhflphqwrv / rx
rfruud1
4
H{hufðflr 418 Vxsrqkd txh / h vær dfrqwhflphqwrv wdlv txh=
^ ^ ' l( _ ' >( _ ' >(

E ' f( ' f.( E ' fD
Fdofxoh E _ h E ^ 1
H{hufðflr 419 Vdeh0vh txh hp uhodêær d xp gdgr surjudpd gh whohylvær vh

whp sdud xp fdvdo/ d vhjxlqwh vlwxdêær= d suredelolgdgh gh r krphp yhu
xp surjudpd ì fe> d suredelolgdgh gd pxokhu yhu r phvpr surjudpd ì
fD> d suredelolgdgh gr krphp yhu r surjudpd srutxh d pxokhu r yí ì f.1
Ghwhuplqh d suredelolgdgh gh=
41 Xp fdvdo yhu r surjudpd1
51 D pxokhu yhu r surjudpd srutxh r krphp r yí1
61 Shor phqrv xp hohphqwr gr fdvdo yhu r surjudpd1
H{hufðflr 41: Dsöv dojxqv whvwhv hihfwxdgrv ã shuvrqdolgdgh gh xp lqglyð0

gxr frqfoxlx0vh txh/ hvwh ì orxfr frp xpd suredelolgdgh ljxdo d fS/ odguær
frp xpd suredelolgdgh ljxdo d f. h qær ì orxfr qhp odguær frp xpd sur0
edelolgdgh gh f2D1
41 Ghwhuplqh d suredelolgdgh gr lqglyðgxr vhu orxfr h odguær1
51 Ghwhuplqh d suredelolgdgh gr lqglyðgxr vhu dshqdv orxfr rx dshqdv

odguær1
61 Ghwhuplqh d suredelolgdgh gr lqglyðgxr vhu odguær/ vdehqgr txh r phv0

pr qær ì orxfr1
H{hufðflr 41; Frqvlghuh grlv dfrqwhflphqwrv h wdlv txh=
E ^ ' E n E f

E* ' f2

Ghwhuplqh E h *
H{hufðflr 41< Gdgrv grlv dfrqwhflphqwrv h / wdlv txh

E ' c E ' h E ^ '
e 2
Ghwhuplqh=
5
41 Vh h vær pxwxdphqwh h{foxvlyrv1
51 Vh h vær lqghshqghqwhv1
7
61 E*c E*c 7
E*c 7
E* 7
H{hufðflr 4143 Frqvlghuh rv dfrqwhflphqwrv / h gh suredelolgdgh qær

qxod1 Vdeh0vh txh=
ì lqfrpsdwðyho frp h frp 1

Grlv grv dfrqwhflphqwrv vær lqghshqghqwhv hqwuh vl1
E ' f2/ E ' fD h E _ ' ffS
Fdofxoh E ^ ^
H{hufðflr 4144 Frqvlghudqgr rv dfrqwhflphqwrv / h wdlv txh=
E : f> E : f>

h vær dfrqwhflphqwrv lqghshqghqwhv1

Suryh txh E* ' E* _ E n * _
H{hufðflr 4145 Lqgltxh/ mxvwlfdqgr/ r ydoru oöjlfr gd vhjxlqwh dupdêær=

* ' E* , h vær dfrqwhflphqwrv lqghshqghqwhv1
H{hufðflr 4146 Frqvlghuh grlv dfrqwhflphqwrv h lqghshqghqwhv/ hp

txh whp suredelolgdgh gxsod hp uhodêær d 1 Ghwhuplqh d suredelolgdgh
gh fdgd xp ghohv/ vdehqgr txh ì gh fD d suredelolgdgh gh rfruuíqfld gh shor
phqrv xp ghohv1
H{hufðflr 4147 Vhmdp h grlv dfrqwhflphqwrv lqghshqghqwhv/ suryh txh

r frpsohphqwdu gh h r frpsohphqwdu gh wdpeìp r vær1
H{hufðflr 4148 Qxpd dprvwud frqvwlwxðgd sru ff lqglyðgxrv rewlyhudp0vh

rv uhvxowdgrv dsuhvhqwdgrv qr txdgur vhjxlqwh=
Frp Eurqtxlwh Vhp Eurqtxlwh

Ixpdgruhv ef 2f
Qær Ixpdgruhv f f
41 Gljd/ mxvwlfdqgr/ vh rv dfrqwhflphqwrv vhu ixpdgru h whu eurq0

txlwh vær lqghshqghqwhv1
51 Fdofxoh d suredelolgdgh gh xp lqglyðgxr txh ì ixpdgru whu eurqtxlwh1
6
H{hufðflr 4149 Vxsrqkd txh d hqwuhylvwd gh fdqglgdwxud d xp hpsuhjr/
ì xpd h{shulíqfld dohdwöuld h txh d qrvvd dwhqêær vh fhqwud hp grlv dfrq0
whflphqwrv r fdqglgdwr whp erd dsduíqfld +dfrqwhflphqwr , h r fdq0
glgdwr frqvhjxlx r hpsuhjr +dfrqwhflphqwr ,1 Vdehqgr txh E ' fec
E ' f2 h E ^ ' fe
41 Fdofxoh d suredelolgdgh gh r fdqglgdwr whu erd dsduíqfld h frqvhjxlu

r hpsuhjr1
51 Rv dfrqwhflphqwrv r fdqglgdwr whp erd dsduíqfld h r fdqglgdwr

frqvhjxlx r hpsuhjr vær lqghshqghqwhvB
61 Fdofxoh d suredelolgdgh gh r fdqglgdwr whu erd dsduíqfld vdehqgr txh

frqvhjxlx r hpsuhjr1
H{hufðflr 414: Qxpd iäeulfd yhulfrx0vh txh xp fhuwr duwljr srgh dsuh0
vhqwdu ghihlwrv gh grlv wlsrv1 D suredelolgdgh gh rfruuhu r ghihlwr gr wlsr
ì f h d suredelolgdgh gh rfruuhu r ghihlwr gr wlsr ì ffD1 Vdehqgr txh
rv ghihlwrv rfruuhp lqghshqghqwhphqwh xp gr rxwur/ fdofxoh d suredelolgdgh
gh=
41 Xp duwljr qær whu txdotxhu ghihlwr1
51 Xp duwljr whu ghihlwr1
61 Xp duwljr frp ghihlwr whu xp h xp vö wlsr gh ghihlwr1
H{hufðflr 414; Vxsrqgr txh vh whp frqkhflphqwr gd vhjxlqwh lqirupdêær=
d suredelolgdgh gr dfrqwhflphqwr yhu r dqýqflr gr surgxwr ì fD(

d suredelolgdgh gr dfrqwhflphqwr frpsudu r surgxwr ì f2
d suredelolgdgh gr dfrqwhflphqwr frpsudu r surgxwr / whqgr ylvwr r
dqýqflr gr surgxwr ì fe
41 Fdofxoh d suredelolgdgh gh yhu r dqýqflr h frpsudu r surgxwr 1
51 Fdofxoh d suredelolgdgh gh yhu r dqýqflr rx frpsudu r surgxwr 1
61 Fdofxoh d suredelolgdgh gh yhu r dqýqflr gr surgxwr vh frpsurx hvvh

surgxwr1
71 Rv dfrqwhflphqwrv yhu r dqýqflr gr surgxwr h frpsudu r surgxwr

vær lqghshqghqwhvB Mxvwltxh1
7
H{hufðflr 414< Qxpd wxupd/ 2fI grv doxqrv idodp ehp Lqjoív/ efI idodp
ehp Iudqfív h DI grplqdp dv gxdv oðqjxdv1
41 Dyhuljýh vh idodu Iudqfív h idodu Lqjoív vær dfrqwhflphqwrv lqghshq0

ghqwhv1
51 Fdofxoh d suredelolgdgh gh=
+d, Xp doxqr hvfroklgr dr dfdvr idodu shor phqrv xpd gdv oðqjxdv1
+e, Xp doxqr qær idodu qhqkxpd gdv oðqjxdv1
+f, Xp doxqr idodu xpd h xpd vö gdv gxdv oðqjxdv1
61 Vdehqgr txh xp doxqr qær idod Lqjoív/ txdo d suredelolgdgh gr phvpr

idodu IudqfívB
H{hufðflr 4153 D suredelolgdgh gh xp lqglyðgxr hvwdu ylyr gdtxl d f

dqrv ì fS h d suredelolgdgh gh xp rxwur lqglyðgxr hvwdu ylyr gdtxl d f
dqrv ì f./ vxsrqkd txh rv dfrqwhflphqwrv vær lqghshqghqwhv1 Ghwhuplqh d
suredelolgdgh gh gdtxl d f dqrv=
41 Hvwduhp ylyrv rv lqglyðgxrv h 1

51 Qær hvwduhp ylyrv rv lqglyðgxrv h 1
61 Hvwdu ylyr shor phqrv xp grv lqglyðgxrv1
H{hufðflr 4154 Xp frphufldqwh uhfheh edwdwd gh wuív uhjløhv glihuhqwhv1 Dr

fkhjdu fdgd orwh ì fodvvlfdgr hp gxdv fodvvhv/ h / gh dfrugr frp d txd0
olgdgh gr surgxwr1 Vdehqgr txh xp orwh dfdedgr gh fkhjdu irl fodvvlfdgr qd
fdwhjruld / txdo d suryhqlíqfld pdlv suryäyho ghvwh orwh/ whqgr hp dwhqêær
txh d glvwulexlêær grv orwhv uhfhelgrv dwì ã gdwd ì d vhjxlqwh=
Uhjløhv Wrqhodgdv Txdolgdgh Txdolgdgh
U f 2 H
UU 2f e S
UUU 2f f f
H{hufðflr 4155 Xpd gdgd grhqêd dsduhfh hp fhufd gh xpd shvvrd sru fd0
gd fff qxpd gdgd srsxodêær1 Søh0vh hp ixqflrqdphqwr xp surjudpd
sdud dqdolvdu d suhvhqêd gd grhqêd/ vhqgr sdud wdo xvdgr xp dsduhokr gh
ghwhfêær txh gä whvwh srvlwlyr frp suredelolgdgh gh fbb sdud xpd shvvrd
frp d grhqêd/ h ffD sdud xpd shvvrd vhp d glwd1 Suhwhqgh0vh vdehu txdo
ì d suredelolgdgh gh txh xpd shvvrd frp whvwh srvlwlyr whqkd uhdophqwh d
grhqêd1
8
H{hufðflr 4156 Dv pätxlqdv h surgx}hp uhvshfwlydphqwh fI h bfI
gd surgxêær wrwdo gh xp fhuwr wlsr gh duwljrv1 Vxsrqgr txh d suredelolgdgh
gd pätxlqd surgx}lu duwljrv ghihlwxrvrv ì gh I h txh sdud d pätxlqd
ì gh DI/ txdo d suredelolgdgh gh xp duwljr wrpdgr dr dfdvr gh xp gld gh
surgxêær suryhqkd gd pätxlqd / dvvxplqgr txh ì ghihlwxrvrB
H{hufðflr 4157 Xpd hpsuhvd srvvxl phlrv gh wudqvsruwh/ A c A2 h A / sdud

frorfdu rv vhxv surgxwrv qr phufdgr1 Vdeh0vh txh dv suredelolgdghv ghvwhv
wudqvsruwhv dwudvduhp vær/ uhvshfwlydphqwh/ ffD/ f h f2D1 Vdeh0vh dlqgd
txh hvwhv phlrv gh wudqvsruwh vær hpsuhjxhv frp iuhtxíqfldv lqyhuvdphqwh
sursruflrqdlv drv uhvshfwlyrv fxvwrv sru uhphvvdv= Hf/ ef h S xqlgdghv pr0
qhwäuldv uhvshfwlydphqwh1
41 Fdofxoh dv shufhqwdjhqv gh xwlol}dêær gh fdgd xp grv phlrv gh wudqv0

sruwh1
51 Ghwhuplqh d suredelolgdgh gh kdyhu dwudvr1
61 Frqvlghudqgr dv uhphvvdv fkhjdgdv frp dwudvr/ txdo d suredelolgdgh

gdv phvpdv whuhp vlgr wudqvsruwdgdv sru A2 q
H{hufðflr 4158 R Mrær whp ã vxd glvsrvlêær wuív phlrv gh wudqvsruwh gl0
ihuhqwhv sdud vh ghvorfdu gh fdvd sdud d hvfrod= r wudqvsruwh / rx 1
Vdeh0vh txh d suredelolgdgh gh=
fkhjdu dwudvdgr ã hvfrod ì fS(

fkhjdu dwudvdgr xwlol}dqgr r wudqvsruwh ì fH(
fkhjdu dwudvdgr xwlol}dqgr r wudqvsruwh ì fD(
fkhjdu dwudvdgr xwlol}dqgr r wudqvsruwh ì fS(
xwlol}du rv wudqvsruwhv h ì d phvpd1
41 Fdofxoh d suredelolgdgh gr Mrær xwlol}du r wudqvsruwh 1
51 Vdehqgr txh r Mrær fkhjrx dwudvdgr ã hvfrod/ fdofxoh d suredelolgdgh

gh whu xwlol}dgr r wudqvsruwh 1
H{hufðflr 4159 Frqvlghuh gxdv xuqdv h 1 D xuqd frqwìp erod

eudqfd h bbb erodv suhwdv h d xuqd frqwìp erod suhwd h bbb erodv eudqfdv1
Ì hvfroklgd xpd xuqd dr dfdvr gd txdo ì h{wudðgd xpd erod1 Vh hvwd ì suhwd/
txdo d suredelolgdgh gh d xuqd whu vlgr d hvfroklgdB
9
H{hufðflr 415: Xp vdfr whp prhgdv xpd gdv txdlv irl fxqkdgd frp 2
fdudv hqtxdqwr txh dv rxwudv r irudp frp fdud h frurd1 Wlud0vh xpd
prhgd dr dfdvr gr vdfr h odqêd0vh dr du 2 yh}hv vhjxlgdv1 Txdo d suredelol0
gdgh gh txh vh wudwh gd prhgd gh 2 fdudv vdehqgr txh qrv grlv odqêdphqwrv
vdlx vhpsuh fdudB
H{hufðflr 415; Gh uhjlvwrv hihfwxdgrv frqfoxl0vh txh rv frqgxwruhv txh flu0

fxodp hp ghwhuplqdgd hvwudgd srghp frphwhu xp h xp vö grv grlv wlsrv
gh wudqvjuhvvøhv= wlsr U/ wlsr UU/ h qxqfd dpedv1 Gh Dff frqgxwruhv pxowd0
grv ff frphwhudp wudqvjuhvvøhv gr wlsr U1 fI grv txh frphwhudp wudqv0
juhvvøhv gr wlsr U vær pxowdgrv1 I grv frqgxwruhv frphwhp wudqvjuhvvøhv
gr wlsr U h 2I gr wlsr UU1 Fdofxoh d suredelolgdgh gh vhu pxowdgr txhp
frphwhu xpd wudqvjuhvvær gr wlsr UU1
H{hufðflr 415< Frqvlghuh xuqdv frp d vhjxlqwh frpsrvlêær= d xuqd

frqwìp f erodv yhuphokdv h gxdv yhughv/ d xuqd 2 frqwìp e erodv yhuphokdv
h S yhughv h d xuqd frqwìp 2 erodv yhuphokdv h . yhughv1 Xpd erod ì
h{wudðgd gh xpd gdv xuqdv/ vhqgr d hvfrokd gd xuqd ihlwd gr vhjxlqwh prgr=
xp gdgr ì odqêdgr xpd yh}/
vh vdlu d idfh / hvfrokh0vh d xuqd (

vh vdluhp dv idfhv 2 rx / hvfrokh0vh d xuqd 2(
vh vdluhp dv idfhv e/ D rx S/ hvfrokh0vh d xuqd
41 Txdo d suredelolgdgh gd erod h{wudðgd vhu yhughB
51 Txdo d suredelolgdgh gh vh whu hvfroklgr d xuqd / gdgr txh d erod

h{wudðgd ì yhuphokdB
:
Vroxêøhv
41414= 2 41415= 41416= 2
41514= . ef
41515= 2
ef
41516= efb

41614= fe 41615= fS 41616= f
417= DH
418= E _ ' f( E ^ ' f.
41914= fD 41915= fH.D 41916= fDD
41:14= fDD 41:15= f2 41:16=
f.D
41;= E ' fD( * ' fH
7
41<14= Qær1 41<15= Vlp1 41<16= E* ' e c E* 7
' e c E* ' 2 c
7
E* 7 '
e
4143= fDb
4144=
4145= Yhugdghlud1
4146= E ' fHc E ' fb1
4147=
414814= Qær vær lqghshqghqwhv1 414815= 2
414914= f2 414915= Qær1 414916=
414:14= fHDD 414:15= feD1 414:16= fe
414;14= fD 414;15= fe1 414;16= fSDe 414;17= Qær1
414<14= Qær1 414<15d= feD1 414<15e= fDD1 414<15f= f1 414<16= f1
415314= fe2 415315= f21 415316= fHH
4154= Uhjlær UU1
4155= ffb
4156= ff22
415714= A ì c .SIc A2 ì 2bc eIc A ì DHc H2I 415715= fH21
415716= fS
415814= f2 415815= fe1
4159= fbbb
415:= 2
415;= f2
415<14= fS. 415<15= fS21
;
5 Yduläyhlv Dohdwöuldv
H{hufðflrv
H{hufðflr 514 Qxp odqêdphqwr gh prhgdv htxloleudgdv vhmd f d yduläyho
dohdwöuld txh uhsuhvhqwd r qýphur gh fdudv vdðgdv1 Hvfuhyd d ixqêær gh
suredelolgdgh gh f1
H{hufðflr 515 Txdqwdv yh}hv vh ghyh odqêdu xp gdgr dr du sdud txh d sur0
edelolgdgh gh qær vdlu vhqd hp qhqkxp grv odqêdphqwrv vhmd lqihulru d ffB
H{hufðflr 516 R qýphur gh fduurv yhqglgrv vhpdqdophqwh qxp vwdqg ì xpd

yduläyho dohdwöuld f frp d vhjxlqwh ixqêær gh suredelolgdgh=
% 2 e
S S S
s E% S 2 e
41 Fdofxoh/ mxvwlfdqgr/ r ydoru gh S1
51 Ghwhuplqh d ixqêær gh glvwulexlêær gh f
61 Fdofxoh d suredelolgdgh gr qýphur gh fduurv yhqglgrv qær fkhjdu d e/

vdehqgr txh hvwh ydoru ì vxshulru d 1
71 Vh rv fxvwrv {rv vhpdqdlv vær gh f xqlgdghv prqhwäuldv +x1p1, txdq0

gr vær yhqglgrv 2 rx phqrv fduurv h D x1p1 txdqgr vh yhqgh pdlv gh
2 fduurv h/ doìp glvvr/ sru fdgd fduur yhqglgr kä xp oxfur gh D x1p1/
ghwhuplqh d uhfhlwd oðtxlgd vhpdqdo1
H{hufðflr 517 Xpd hpsuhvd ghglfd0vh ã yhqgd gh duwljrv hoìfwulfrv1 Dv

yhqgdv gläuldv gh judydgruhv +hp xqlgdghv, vær uhsuhvhqwdgdv sru xpd y1d1
f frp d vhjxlqwh ixqêær gh suredelolgdgh=

&E% n c % ' fc c 2c c e
s E% '
f c fdvr frqwuäulr
41 Ghwhuplqh r ydoru gh &1 Mxvwltxh d vxd uhvsrvwd1
51 Ghqd d ixqêær gh glvwulexlêær gd y1d1 f
61 Fdofxoh/ dwudyìv gd ixqêær gh suredelolgdgh h gd ixqêær gh glvwulexlêær/

d suredelolgdgh gh dv yhqgdv vhuhp h{dfwdphqwh ljxdlv d judydgruhv/
qxp gld hp txh hvwdv irudp shor phqrv 21
<
H{hufðflr 518 Qxpd ormd gh hohfwurgrpìvwlfrv d surfxud gläuld gh dvsl0
udgruhv ì xpd y1d1 f frp ixqêær gh suredelolgdgh=
% f 2 e
sE% f2 K f f2 f
41 Fdofxoh K/ mxvwlfdqgr1
51 Qr lqðflr gh xp gld h{lvwhp dshqdv 2 dvsludgruhv qd ormd1 Fdofxoh
d suredelolgdgh gh vhuhp yhqglgrv +frqvlghuh txh surfxud ' yhqgd
vhpsuh txh h{lvwd r surgxwr surfxudgr,1
61 D sduwlu gd doðqhd dqwhulru rewhqkd d ixqêær gh glvwulexlêær gd yduläyho
qýphur gh dvsludgruhv yhqglgrv1
H{hufðflr 519 Gdgr r txdgur vhjxlqwh=
% f 2

sE% H e 2 H
41 Prvwuh txh s uhsuhvhqwd d ixqêær gh suredelolgdgh gh xpd y1d1 f>

51 Fdofxoh . dfo c . df n 2o h T d2f n o
H{hufðflr 51: Vhmd1 f xpd y1d1 glvfuhwd frp ixqêær gh suredelolgdgh gdgd
sru=
% f 2
D
s E% H H 2
41 Ghwhuplqh d ixqêær gh glvwulexlêær gd y1d1 f

51 Fdofxoh Ef f 2
61 Fdofxoh .dfo h T dfo
H{hufðflr 51; Vhmd f xpd y1d1 glvfuhwd frp d ixqêær gh glvwulexlêær gdgd
sru=
;
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41 Ghwhuplqh rv srvvðyhlv ydoruhv sdud &
51 Vxsrqkd & ' .
+d, Ghwhuplqh d ixqêær gh suredelolgdgh gh f

+e, Fdofxoh E2 f e
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ffffe1 Dvvxplqgr txh r frpsruwdphqwr gh fdgd sduwðfxod ì lqghshqghqwh
gr frpsruwdphqwr gdv uhvwdqwhv/ txdo d suredelolgdgh gh h{dfwdphqwh D
ghvvdv sduwðfxodv hvfdsduhp gr frqwhqwru/ qhvvh lqwhuydor gh whpsrB
H{hufðflr 7153 Qxpd flgdgh h{lvwh xpd fdsdflgdgh krwhohlud gh eff txdu0
wrv1 D suredelolgdgh gh xpd shvvrd surfxudu xp txduwr gh krwho qhvvd flgdgh

ì gh 2ff 1 Fdofxoh r qýphur pä{lpr gh txduwrv qhfhvväulrv gxudqwh xp p
gh vhpdqd +2 gldv, sdud doehujdu wrgdv dv shvvrdv txh r ghvhmhp frp xpd
suredelolgdgh gh fbD1
H{hufðflr 7154 D suredelolgdgh gh xpd shvvrd pruuhu gh xpd fhuwd grhqêd

uhvsludwöuld ì fff21
41 Ghwhuplqh d glvwulexlêær gd y1d1 txh uhsuhvhqwd r qýphur gh grhqwhv

txh pruuhp hp 2fff lqihfwdgrv sru hvvd grhqêd1
51 Hp 2fff lqihfwdgrv txdo r qýphur hvshudgr gh grhqwhv txh luær pruuhuB
61 Fdofxoh d suredelolgdgh gh pruuhuhp D grhqwhv grv suö{lprv 2fff lq0

ihfwdgrv1
H{hufðflr 7155 Hvwdwðvwlfdv uhdol}dgdv qr fdpsr gd vdýgh uhyhodp txh xpd

grhqêd gh wudwdphqwr glvshqglrvr dihfwd hp fdgd Dfff shvvrdv1 Edvhdgd
qhvwdv hvwdwðvwlfdv/ xpd vhjxudgrud ghflglx fuldu xp vhjxur sdud freulu dv
ghvshvdv ghvvh wudwdphqwr1 Qxp fhuwr dqr d vhjxudgrud whp hp fduwhlud
fff dsöolfhv ghvwh wlsr1
67
41 Ghwhuplqh d suredelolgdgh gh qhqkxpd gdv shvvrdv vhjxudgdv frqwudlu
d grhqêd qhvvh dqr1
51 Vdehqgr txh qhvvh dqr mä irl uhjlvwdgd shor phqrv xpd sduwlflsdêær
ã vhjxudgrud/ fdofxoh d suredelolgdgh gh qær vh yhulfduhp pdlv gh
sduwlflsdêøhv dwì dr qdo gr dqr1
H{hufðflr 7156 Vdeh0vh txh I gdv oåpsdgdv hoìfwulfdv ideulfdgdv sru xpd
frpsdqkld vær ghihlwxrvdv1 Ghvljqdqgr sru f d y1d1 txh uhsuhvhqwd r
qýphur gh oåpsdgdv frp ghihlwr h{lvwhqwhv qxpd dprvwud gh ff=
41 Gljd/ mxvwlfdqgr/ txdo d glvwulexlêær gh f
51 Fdofxoh=
+d, Ef ' D

+e, E f
+f, Ef D
68
Vroxêøhv
714= 1
71514d= fS21 71514e= fSHeS1 71514f= f2SSH1 71514g= 1 71515d= fe1
71515e= b1 71515f= b1
71614= f2S21 71615= ffffDD1 71616= ffbHb1
71714= f2f1 71715= f2221 71716= fH.b1
71814= 1 71815= ff2H1 71816= .1
71914= f22.S +xvdqgr R f whp0vh f2ff,1 71915= fbbbbH +xvdqgr
R f whp0vh ,1 71916= fffe +xvdqgr R f whp0vh fffS,1
71:14= fbDS1 71:15= Sf1 71:16= ? D1
71;14= 1 71;15= 22SSS. xqlgdghv prqhwäuldv1 71;16= ffHS. +xvdqgr R f
yhp f2,1

71<14= D 1 71<15= 1 71<16= 2 1 71<17= fffe +xvdqgr R f whp0vh
fff2e,1
714314d= fff.1 714314e= fDfe1 714314f= fS.1 714314g= fSH.1
714315d= .1 714315e= e1 714315f= SD1
714414= fe2b1 714415= e1 714416= 21 714417= rx 21 714418= .H21
714419= f2..1
714514= feefD1 714515= fffS21
714614= ffH21 714615= f2DSD1 714616= fHb21 714617= ffe21
714714= f2fHe1 714715= ffDbD1 714716= f1
714814= 21 714815= fbbS1 714816= ffH21
714914= 1 714915= fD2H1
714:14= f21 714:15= ec 2b1
714;14= ffDDf1 714;15= ffffS1
714<= fDS1
7153= .1
715414= f G E2fffc fff21 715415= e1 715416= fDS1
715514= fDeHH1 715515= fbb2D1
715614= f G Effc ff1 715615d= fffH1 715615e= f22ef1
715615f= fHe.1
69
8 Glvwulexlêøhv Whöulfdv Frqwðqxdv
H{hufðflrv
H{hufðflr 814 Vhmd f xpd y1d1 frp glvwulexlêær qrupdo/ gh sduåphwurv >
h j1 Fdofxoh=
41 E> j f > n j
51 E> 2j f > n 2j
61 E> j f > n j
H{hufðflr 815 Vhmd f xpd y1d1 frp glvwulexlêær qrupdo/ gh sduåphwurv

> ' ef h j ' S1 Fdofxoh=
41 Ef 2
51 Ef : 2.
61 Ee2 f D
71 R ydoru % wdo txh Ef % ' feD
81 R ydoru % wdo txh Ef : % ' f
H{hufðflr 816 Xpd iäeulfd surgx} prwruhv fxmr whpsr gh ylgd ì xpd yd0
uläyho dohdwöuld frp glvwulexlêær qrupdo/ gh sduåphwurv > ' f dqrv h j ' 2
dqrv1 D iäeulfd txhu fuldu xp shuðrgr gh jdudqwld/ gh irupd d qær pdlv gh
I grv prwruhv whqkdp gh vhu vxevwlwxðgrv1 Txdo ghyhuä vhu r shuðrgr gh
jdudqwld pä{lpr rihuhflgr shod iäeulfdB
H{hufðflr 817 Xpd pätxlqd sdud hpsdfrwdphqwr dxwrpäwlfr gh dêýfdu

surgx} sdfrwhv fxmr shvr oltxlgr ì xpd y1d1 frp glvwulexlêær qrupdo frp
pìgld H j h ghvylr sdguær 2 j1
41 Txdo d suredelolgdgh gh xp sdfrwh hvfroklgr dr dfdvr whu xp shvr

vxshulru d HD jB
51 Txdo d suredelolgdgh gh xp sdfrwh hvfroklgr dr dfdvr whu xp shvr

vxshulru d f j rx lqihulru d S jB
61 Txdo ghyhuld vhu d pìgld gr shvr oltxlgr sdud txh bbI grv sdfrwhv
frqwlyhvvhp shor phqrv b jB
6:
H{hufðflr 818 Xpd hpsuhvd whp surgxêær frqvwdqwh gh bf wrqhodgdv2pív
gr surgxwr txh ideulfd1 Vdehqgr txh d surfxud ghvvh surgxwr ì xpd y1d1
dsur{lpdgdphqwh qrupdo gh sduåphwurv > ' ff h j ' fc fdofxoh=
41 D suredelolgdgh gd surfxud vh vlwxdu hqwuh SH h bf wrqhodgdv1
51 D suredelolgdgh gh kdyhu surfxud h{fhghqwäuld1
61 R ydoru txh ghyhuld whu d surgxêær gd hpsuhvd sdud txh d suredelolgdgh

gh kdyhu surfxud lqvdwlvihlwd irvvh ff2D1
H{hufðflr 819 Qxpd phglêær r huur dohdwöulr vhjxh xpd ohl qrupdo gh
ghvylr sdguær j ' pp h pìgld > ' f pp1
41 Rewhqkd d suredelolgdgh gh/ qxpd phglêær/ r huur shuwhqfhu dr lqwhu0

ydor ofDc 2Dd1
51 Ghwhuplqh d suredelolgdgh gh txh/ hp 2 phglêøhv lqghshqghqwhv/ r huur

gh shor phqrv xpd ghodv qær xowudsdvvh hp ydoru devroxwr 2H pp1
H{hufðflr 81: R glåphwur lqwhuqr gh xp vhjphqwr gh xp prwru gh dx0

wrpöyho ì xpd y1d1 txh vhjxh xpd glvwulexlêær qrupdo frp pìgld f fp h
ghvylr sdguær ff fp
41 Txh shufhqwdjhp gh vhjphqwrv wíp glåphwur lqwhuqr vxshulru d

ff.D fpB
51 Txdo d suredelolgdgh gh xp vhjphqwr whu xp glåphwur lqwhuqr hqwuh

bbb. h ff fpB
61 Dedl{r gh txh ydoru gr glåphwur lqwhuqr/ vh hqfrqwudp DI grv vh0

jphqwrvB
H{hufðflr 81; R glåphwur f gh xp fder hoìfwulfr ì qrupdophqwh glvwulexð0

gr frp pìgld fH h ydulåqfld ffffe1 R fder hoìfwulfr ì frqvlghudgr ghihl0
wxrvr vh glihulu gd vxd pìgld hp pdlv gh ff2D1 Txdo d suredelolgdgh gh vh
hqfrqwudu xp fder ghihlwxrvrB
H{hufðflr 81< Qxpd hpsuhvd d xwlol}dêær vhpdqdo gh ghwhuplqdgd pdwìuld0

sulpd/ ì xpd y1d1 frp glvwulexlêær qrupdo gh sduåphwurv > ' Sff nj h
j ' ef nj1 Qr lqðflr gh fhuwd vhpdqd d hpsuhvd whp hp vwrfn Se nj gh
pdwìuld0sulpd/ vhqgr lqyläyho qhvvd vhpdqd surfhghu d pdlv dsurylvlrqdphq0
wrv1
6;
41 Ghwhuplqh d suredelolgdgh gh uxswxud gh vwrfn gh pdwìuld0sulpd qhvvd
vhpdqd1
51 Txdo d suredelolgdgh gh qxpd gdgd vhpdqd r frqvxpr vhu lqihulru ã

pìgld/ vdehqgr0vh txh qr lqlflr gd phvpd vhpdqd mä vh frqvxpludp
shor phqrv Dff nj gh pdwìuld0sulpdB
61 Txdo ghyhuä vhu r vwrfn pðqlpr/ gh prgr d txh vhmd gh ff d sured0
elolgdgh gh uxswxudB
H{hufðflr 8143 Dv dowxudv gh xp juxsr gh shvvrdv vhjxh xpd glvwulexlêær

qrupdo frp pìgld ljxdo d SS fp h ydulåqfld gh b1 Ghwhuplqh=
41 D suredelolgdgh gh txh dv dowxudv vh vlwxhp hqwuh rv Sf h .2 fp1
51 D suredelolgdgh gh txh dv dowxudv qær vhmdp lqihulruhv d .D fp1
61 D dowxud gh prgr txh hp Hff shvvrdv kdmd 2Se frp dowxud vxshulru
d
H{hufðflr 8144 Qxp h{dph DI grv doxqrv rewlyhudp qrwd vxshulru d S
h SfI qrwd vxshulru d b1 Vxsrqgr txh d glvwulexlêær gdv qrwdv ì qrupdo1
41 Ghwhuplqh rv ydoruhv grv sduåphwurv > h j2 ghvvd glvwulexlêær1
51 Fdofxoh d shufhqwdjhp gh lqglyðgxrv frp qrwd lqihulru d :1
H{hufðflr 8145 Frqvlghuh d yduläyho dohdwöuld f G Q E>( j c wdo txh
Ef f ' fD h Ef : Df ' ff.b
Ghwhuplqh > h j
H{hufðflr 8146 Qrv eheìv/ d lgdgh +hp phvhv, hp txh urpsh r sulphlur
ghqwh ì xpd y1d1 qrupdo gh pìgld . h ydulåqfld ljxdo d e1
41 Txdo d suredelolgdgh gh txh xp eheì hvfroklgr dr dfdvr whqkd r

sulphlur ghqwh dqwhv grv . phvhvB
51 Txdo d suredelolgdgh gh txh hp grlv eheìv/ xp whqkd r sulphlur ghqwh

ghsrlv grv S phvhv/ h rxwur ghsrlv grv H phvhvB
61 Txdo d suredelolgdgh gh txh qxpd dprvwud gh f eheìv/ H ghohv whqkdp

r sulphlur ghqwh qær dqwhv grv . phvhvB
6<
H{hufðflr 8147 Sdud hihlwrv gh frphufldol}dêær/ ghwhuplqdgrv iuxwrv vær
fodvvlfdgrv shor wdpdqkr1 Frqvlghud0vh frpr phglgd r vhx glåphwur pä{l0
pr/ r txdo ì xpd yduläyho dohdwöuld frp glvwulexlêær qrupdo gh ghvylr sdguær
ljxdo d D fp h pìgld > Dv fdwhjruldv frqvlghudgdv vær dv vhjxlqwhv=
S G iuxwrv frp glåphwur lqihulru rx ljxdo d S fp>

S2 G iuxwrv frp glåphwur pä{lpr hqwuh S h 2 fp>
S G iuxwrv frp glåphwur pä{lpr vxshulru rx ljxdo d 2 fp1
41 Vdehqgr txh fI grv iuxwrv vær gh fdwhjruld S / fdofxoh r glåphwur

pä{lpr pìglr grv iuxwrv1
51 Fdofxoh d shufhqwdjhp gh iuxwrv gdv fdwhjruldv S h S2
61 Vh rv iuxwrv iruhp yhqglgrv hp hpedodjhqv hfrqöplfdv gh S xqlgdghv/

lqfoxlqgr dohdwruldphqwh wrgrv rv wdpdqkrv/ txdo d suredelolgdgh gh
kdyhu shor phqrv 2 iuxwrv gd fdwhjruld S q
71 Vdehqgr txh rv iuxwrv gd fdwhjruld S2 wíp xpd suredelolgdgh gh dsr0

guhfhu +dr p gh D gldv, gh fffe/ fdofxoh d suredelolgdgh gh hqwuh fff
iuxwrv/ qær phqrv gh . iuxwrv dsrguhfhuhp dr p gh D gldv1
H{hufðflr 8148 Dv qrwdv rewlgdv qxpd idfxogdgh d hvwdwðvwlfd vær xpd

yduläyho dohdwöuld f frp glvwulexlêær qrupdo gh pìgld 431 Vdeh0vh txh
Ef 2 ' fHe
41 Ghwhuplqh r ghvylr sdguær gdv qrwdv1
51 Ghwhuplqh EH f 2
61 Txdo d suredelolgdgh gh/ hp f doxqrv/ e rewhuhp xpd qrwd vxshulru

d HB
H{hufðflr 8149 Fdgd xp grv 2f srvwrv gh wudedokr qdv olqkdv gh prqwdjhp

gh xpd iäeulfd frqvrph shêdv gr wlsr +gxudqwh 2f gldv ýwhlv, d xp ulwpr
gdgr sru xpd y1d1 frp glvwulexlêær Q EDfc 2 Vh rv vwrfnv gh shêdv iruhp
uhqrydgrv fdgd 2f gldv ýwhlv/ txdo ghyhuä vhu r vwrfn pðqlpr wrwdo qr lqðflr gh
fdgd shuðrgr gh 2f gldv ýwhlv/ gh irupd d txh d suredelolgdgh gh uxswxud gh
vwrfnv qær h{fhgd 2fIB +Dgplwd txh r frqvxpr hp fdgd srvwr gh wudedokr
ì lqghshqghqwh gr frqvxpr qrv uhvwdqwhv srvwrv gh wudedokr,1
H{hufðflr 814: Rv fxvwrv gh pær0gh0reud qd surgxêær gh xp duwljr duwh0

vdqdo vær xpd yduläyho dohdwöuld gh glvwulexlêær qrupdo frp pìgld ff x1p1
+xqlgdghv prqhwäuldv, h ghvylr sdguær gh f x1p1
73
41 Txdo d suredelolgdgh gdtxhoh fxvwr vh vlwxdu hqwuh bf h f x1p1B
51 Txdo d suredelolgdgh gr fxvwr gh duwljrv vhu lqihulru d f x1p1B
61 Surgx}hp0vh wuív xqlgdghv1 Txdo d suredelolgdgh gh wrgdv whuhp fxvwr

lqihulru d H x1p1B
H{hufðflr 814; R prqwdqwh gh ghsövlwrv ã rughp hihfwxdgrv glduldphqwh

qxpd djíqfld edqfäuld ì xpd y1d1 frp glvwulexlêær qrupdo gh pìgld 2f
x1p1 h ydulåqfld Se1
41 Ghwhuplqh d shufhqwdjhp gh gldv hp txh r prqwdqwh gh ghsövlwrv vh

vlwxd hqwuh fD h D x1p11
51 Ghwhuplqh d suredelolgdgh gr prqwdqwh gh ghsövlwrv vhu vxshulru ã

pìgld/ qrv gldv hp txh hvvh phvpr prqwdqwh ì lqihulru d 2D x1p11
61 Ghwhuplqh d pìgld h d ydulåqfld gr prqwdqwh gh ghsövlwrv vhpdqdlv +D

gldv,1
H{hufðflr 814< R frqvxpr gläulr gh äjxd qxpd gdgd orfdolgdgh whp xpd
glvwulexlêær qrupdo gh pìgld 2ff 6 h ghvylr sdguær gh f 6
41 Txdo d suredelolgdgh gh/ qxp gdgr gld/ r frqvxpr hvwdu frpsuhhqglgr

hqwuh Hf h 2D 6 B
51 Txh txdqwlgdgh gh äjxd vh ghyhuä hqfrqwudu glvsrqðyho gh prgr d

dvvhjxudu0vh r frqvxpr hp bfI grv fdvrvB
61 Dr orqjr gh xpd vhpdqd +. gldv, txdo d suredelolgdgh gh kdyhu qr

pä{lpr gldv frp frqvxpr lqihulru d 2SeD 6 B
71 Txdo d suredelolgdgh gh txh/ hp D gldv ýwhlv/ vh frqvxpd pdlv gh

fff 6 B
H{hufðflr 8153 Xpd hpsuhvd frphufldol}d jduudidv gh ylqkr gr Sruwr gh

olwur1 Vxsøh0vh txh efI ghvvdv jduudidv frqwíp uhdophqwh xpd txdqwlgdgh
gh oðtxlgr phqru gr txh d lqglfdgd qr uöwxor1 Txdo d suredelolgdgh gh/ hp
ff jduudidv h{lvwhqwhv qxpd ormd=
41 Kdyhu f frp phqrv gh olwurB
51 Kdyhu qær pdlv gh f frp phqrv gh olwurB
61 Kdyhu pdlv gh eD frp phqrv gh olwurB
74
71 Kdyhu hqwuh ee h Df frp phqrv gh olwurB
H{hufðflr 8154 Grv ixvðyhlv surgx}lgrv qxpd iäeulfd yhulfd0vh txh 2I vær
ghihlwxrvrv1 Rv ixvðyhlv vær hpedodgrv hp fdl{dv gh 2fff xqlgdghv1 Vhmd f
r qýphur gh ixvðyhlv ghihlwxrvrv sru fdl{d1
41 Lqgltxh d glvwulexlêær gh f
51 Txdo r qýphur pìglr gh ixvðyhlv ghihlwxrvrv sru fdl{dB

61 Ghwhuplqh d suredelolgdgh gh hqfrqwudu shor phqrv f ixvðyhlv ghihlwx0
rvrv qxpd fdl{d1
H{hufðflr 8155 Dv fodvvlfdêøhv rewlgdv qxp h{dph vhjxhp glvwulexlêær

qrupdo frp ydoru pìglr gh h ydulåqfld b1 Rv doxqrv frp fodvvlfdêær
hqwuh HD h f rx vxshulru d D wíp gh id}hu rudo1 Fdofxoh=
41 D shufhqwdjhp gh doxqrv txh vh hvshud txh rewhqkdp qrwdv qr lqwhuydor

dfc Do1
51 Gh 2f doxqrv txh }hudp r h{dph/
+d, Txdqwrv vh hvshud txh uhsuryhpB

+e, Txdo r qýphur hvshudgr gh doxqrv txh yær id}hu rudoB
+f, Txdo d qrwd pä{lpd rewlgd qr juxsr grv 2 doxqrv slru fodvvl0
fdgrvB
+g, Txdo d suredelolgdgh gh vh hqfrqwuduhp f doxqrv frp qrwd vx0
shulru d DB
H{hufðflr 8156 Qxp wrwdo gh 2f doxqrv lqvfulwrv d Hvwdwðvwlfd/ Hf vær gh

Hohfwurphfåqlfd +HP,/ 2f gh Lqirupäwlfd gh Jhvwær +LJ, h rv uhvwdqwhv
gh Phfåqlfd Hqhujld +PH,1 Vdeh0vh txh d suredelolgdgh grv doxqrv vhuhp
dsurydgrv qd glvflsolqd ì gh f2D sdud PH h ffb sdud LJ h HP1
41 Fdofxoh d suredelolgdgh gh xp doxqr +gh txdotxhu grv fxuvrv, vhu

dsurydgr qd glvflsolqd gh Hvwdwðvwlfd1
51 Dr hvfrokhu xp doxqr dr dfdvr/ gh hqwuh rv dsurydgrv qd glvflsolqd/

txdo d suredelolgdgh gh hvwh vhu gh PHB
61 Whqgr0vh uhfroklgr xpd dprvwud gh Df doxqrv lqvfulwrv qd glvflsolqd

gh Hvwdwðvwlfd/ txdo d suredelolgdgh gh txdqwr pxlwr 2 ghvvhv doxqrv
whuhp wlgr dsurydêær qd glvflsolqdB
75
H{hufðflr 8157 D glvwulexlêær grv uhqglphqwrv idplolduhv/ qxp djorphudgr
srsxodflrqdo gh ffff idpðoldv/ ì vdwlvidfwruldphqwh uhsuhvhqwdgr sru xpd
ohl qrupdo1 Vdeh0vh txh r uhqglphqwr pìglr qhvvh djorphudgr srsxodflrqdo
ì gh bD x1p1 +xqlgdghv prqhwäuldv, h txh d shufhqwdjhp gh idpðoldv frp
uhqglphqwr lqihulru d Hf x1p1 ì DH.I1
41 Txdo r ghvylr sdguær gr uhqglphqwr ghvvdv idpðoldvB

51 Txdo r qýphur suryäyho gh idpðoldv frp uhqglphqwr hqwuh Hf h
f x1p1B
61 Txdo d suredelolgdgh gh hp ff idpðoldv vhohfflrqdgdv dohdwruldphqwh/
vh hqfrqwuduhp Sf frp uhqglphqwrv hqwuh Hf h f x1p1B
H{hufðflr 8158 D sduwlu gh xp dupd}ìp yær vhu glvwulexðgdv ffff odwdv

gh hvsdujrv gdv txdlv Dff mä xowudsdvvdudp r sud}r gh ydolgdgh1 Ì hihfwxdgd
xpd lqvshfêær vreuh xpd dprvwud gh D odwdv hvfroklgdv dr dfdvr h frp
uhsrvlêær1 D lqvshfêær uhmhlwd r orwh vh iruhp hqfrqwudgdv pdlv gr txh 2
odwdv irud gh ydolgdgh1
41 Txdo d suredelolgdgh gd lqvshfêær uhmhlwdu r orwhB
51 Txdo r qýphur hvshudgr gh odwdv irud gr sud}r gh ydolgdghB
61 Txdo d suredelolgdgh gh/ hp eff odwdv hvfroklgdv dr dfdvr gh hqwuh dv

ffff h{lvwhqwhv/ vh hqfrqwuduhp 2D irud gr sud}r gh ydolgdghB
H{hufðflr 8159 Vhqgr f xpd yduläyho dohdwöuld frp glvwulexlêær h{srqhq0

fldo/ prvwuh txh
Ef @ n K*f @ ' Ef K c @ fc K f
H{hufðflr 815: Vdeh0vh txh r whpsr pìglr hqwuh 2 dflghqwhv gh yldêær qxp
ghwhuplqdgr wurêr gd 2 whp glvwulexlêær h{srqhqfldo frp pìgld gh eD gldv1
Vh rfruuh xp dflghqwh qr sulphlur gld gh xp pív/ txdo d suredelolgdgh gh
qhvvh phvpr pív vh yhulfdu xp vhjxqgr dflghqwh gh yldêær +vxsrqkd txh r
pív whp f gldv,B
H{hufðflr 815; Qxpd xqlgdgh lqgxvwuldo r whpsr gh h{hfxêær gh xpd shêd

ì xpd yduläyho dohdwöuld frp glvwulexlêær h{srqhqfldo gh pìgld D plqxwrv1
41 Xpd shêd mä vh hqfrqwud hp h{hfxêær kä 2 plqxwrv1 Txdo d sured0

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51 Frqvlghudqgr D shêdv dr dfdvr/ fdofxoh d suredelolgdgh gh 2 ghodv whuhp
wlgr xp whpsr gh h{hfxêær pä{lpr gh e plqxwrv1
H{hufðflr 815< R whpsr gh ixqflrqdphqwr/ vhp dyduldv/ gh xpd ghwhupl0

qdgd pätxlqd gh surgxêær hp vìulh whp xp frpsruwdphqwr h{srqhqfldo
frp pìgld ljxdo d txdwur gldv h phlr1 Vxsrqgr txh d pätxlqd frphêd d
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41 Txdo d suredelolgdgh gh qær rfruuhuhp dyduldv dqwhv gh S gldvB
51 Dgplwlqgr txh d pätxlqd vh hqfrqwud qr txduwr gld gh surgxêær/ txdo

d suredelolgdgh gh qær rfruuhu txdotxhu dyduld dqwhv gr vh{wr gld gh
oderudêærB
61 Txdo d suredelolgdgh gh vh yhulfduhp gxdv dyduldv gxudqwh rv vhlv

sulphlurv gldv gh ixqflrqdphqwr gd pätxlqdB
H{hufðflr 8163 Dgplwlqgr txh ghwhuplqdgd fdl{d pxowledqfr ì xwlol}dgd

hp pìgld f yh}hv sru gld +gdv b ãv b, h txh r qýphur gh xwlol}dêøhv ì
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41 Ghwhuplqh d suredelolgdgh gh txh d fdl{d vhmd xwlol}dgd shor phqrv e

yh}hv hqwuh dv e h dv b1
51 Fdofxoh r ydoru hvshudgr h d ydulåqfld gr qýphur gh xwlol}dêøhv vhpdqdlv

+D gldv, gd fdl{d1
61 Ghwhuplqh d suredelolgdgh gh txh r whpsr ghfruulgr hqwuh gxdv xwl0

ol}dêøhv frqvhfxwlydv gd fdl{d vhmd vxshulru d 2 krudv1
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dyduldv sru fdgd wxuqr gh H krudv1
41 Ghwhuplqh d suredelolgdgh gh txh r whpsr hqwuh dyduldv frqvhfxwlydv

vhmd vxshulru d D krudv1
51 Vh qxpd rflqd hvwlyhuhp d ixqflrqdu hp vlpxowåqhr 2e pätxlqdv

gdtxhoh wlsr/ kdyhqgr xpd fdsdflgdgh gh uhsdudêær gh D dyduldv sru
krud/ fdofxoh=
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xp wxuqr1
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hqwuh gxdv fkdpdgdv vhjxh xpd glvwulexlêær h{srqhqfldo frp ixqêær ghqvl0
gdgh gh suredelolgdgh
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41 Txdo d suredelolgdgh gh txh r whpsr hqwuh gxdv fkdpdgdv vhmd lqihulru

d plqxwrvB
51 Txdo d suredelolgdgh gh txh r whpsr hqwuh gxdv fkdpdgdv vhmd vxshulru

d plqxwrvB
61 Txh glvwulexlêær vhjxh r qýphur gh fkdpdgdv sru plqxwrB Mxvwltxh1
78
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81:14= fS2I1 81:15= fH1 81:16= bbSHH1
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51 Vxsrqkd o ' 2f h ? : 2f/ dqdolvh d hflíqfld gh >9 uhodwlydphqwh d >92
H{hufðflr 91< Vxsrqkd d h{lvwíqfld gh xpd yduläyho dohdwöuld f txh vhjxh

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H{hufðflr 9143 Frqvlghuh dv vhjxlqwhv hvwdwðvwlfdv frqvwuxlgdv frp edvh qx0

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51 Ghwhuplqh/ mxvwlfdqgr/ r ydoru gh ? d sduwlu gr txdo A ì pdlv
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H{hufðflr 9144 Vhmd w9 xp hvwlpdgru gh xp sduåphwur ghvfrqkhflgr w1 R

hqylhvdphqwr gh w9 frpr hvwlpdgru gh w ì K ' . dw9 o w1 Prvwuh txh

. Ew9 w2 ' T dw9 o n K2
H{hufðflr 9145 Sdud xp sduåphwur ghvfrqkhflgr w gh fhuwd srsxodêær irudp

lqglfdgrv grlv hvwlpdgruhv/ e
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H{hufðflr :14 Vhqgr f xpd yduläyho dohdwöuld frp glvwulexlêær qrupdo h j
frqkhflgr/ ghgx}d xp lqwhuydor gh frqdqêd sdud d pìgld/ xwlol}dqgr xpd
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H{hufðflr :15 Vhmd f xpd srsxodêær frp glvwulexlêær qrupdo gh pìgld >
h ghvylr sdguær ljxdo d 51 Xpd dprvwud dohdwöuld gh glphqvær ? ' 2D irl
h{wudðgd ghvwd srsxodêær h uhyhorx xpd pìgld %7 ' .H
41 Fdofxoh r lqwhuydor gh frqdqêd sdud > d bbI1
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H{hufðflr :19 Xpd frpsdqkld gh sdsho txhu hvwlpdu r whpsr pìglr uh0
txhulgr sdud xpd qryd pätxlqd surgx}lu xpd uhvpd gh sdsho1 Vdeh0vh txh
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41 Ghgx}d r ydoru pìglr h r ghvylr sdguær +fruuljlgr, gr shvr grv vdfrv

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k ' ffD1
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H (Hufðflrv GH Suredelolgdghv H HVWDWÐVWLFD

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H (Hufðflrv GH Suredelolgdghv H HVWDWÐVWLFD

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H{hufðflrv gh Suredelolgdghv h Hvwdwðvwlfd

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H{hufðflr 419 Vdeh0vh txh hp uhodêær d xp gdgr surjudpd gh whohylvær vh

41 Xp fdvdo yhu r surjudpd1

51 D pxokhu yhu r surjudpd srutxh r krphp r yí1

61 Shor phqrv xp hohphqwr gr fdvdo yhu r surjudpd1

H{hufðflr 41: Dsöv dojxqv whvwhv hihfwxdgrv ã shuvrqdolgdgh gh xp lqglyð0

41 Ghwhuplqh d suredelolgdgh gr lqglyðgxr vhu orxfr h odguær1

51 Ghwhuplqh d suredelolgdgh gr lqglyðgxr vhu dshqdv orxfr rx dshqdv

61 Ghwhuplqh d suredelolgdgh gr lqglyðgxr vhu odguær/ vdehqgr txh r phv0

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H{hufðflr 4145 Lqgltxh/ mxvwlfdqgr/ r ydoru oöjlfr gd vhjxlqwh dupdêær=

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H{hufðflr 4147 Vhmdp  h  grlv dfrqwhflphqwrv lqghshqghqwhv/ suryh txh

H{hufðflr 4148 Qxpd dprvwud frqvwlwxðgd sru ff lqglyðgxrv rewlyhudp0vh

Frp Eurqtxlwh Vhp Eurqtxlwh

41 Gljd/ mxvwlfdqgr/ vh rv dfrqwhflphqwrv vhu ixpdgru h whu eurq0

51 Fdofxoh d suredelolgdgh gh xp lqglyðgxr txh ì ixpdgru whu eurqtxlwh1

41 Fdofxoh d suredelolgdgh gh r fdqglgdwr whu erd dsduíqfld h frqvhjxlu

51 Rv dfrqwhflphqwrv r fdqglgdwr whp erd dsduíqfld h r fdqglgdwr

61 Fdofxoh d suredelolgdgh gh r fdqglgdwr whu erd dsduíqfld vdehqgr txh

41 Xp duwljr qær whu txdotxhu ghihlwr1

51 Xp duwljr whu ghihlwr1

61 Xp duwljr frp ghihlwr whu xp h xp vö wlsr gh ghihlwr1

H{hufðflr 414; Vxsrqgr txh vh whp frqkhflphqwr gd vhjxlqwh lqirupdêær=

d suredelolgdgh gr dfrqwhflphqwr yhu r dqýqflr gr surgxwr  ì f D(

41 Fdofxoh d suredelolgdgh gh yhu r dqýqflr h frpsudu r surgxwr 1

51 Fdofxoh d suredelolgdgh gh yhu r dqýqflr rx frpsudu r surgxwr 1

61 Fdofxoh d suredelolgdgh gh yhu r dqýqflr gr surgxwr  vh frpsurx hvvh

71 Rv dfrqwhflphqwrv yhu r dqýqflr gr surgxwr  h frpsudu r surgxwr

41 Dyhuljýh vh idodu Iudqfív h idodu Lqjoív vær dfrqwhflphqwrv lqghshq0

61 Vdehqgr txh xp doxqr qær idod Lqjoív/ txdo d suredelolgdgh gr phvpr

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41 Hvwduhp ylyrv rv lqglyðgxrv  h 1

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41 Fdofxoh dv shufhqwdjhqv gh xwlol}dêær gh fdgd xp grv phlrv gh wudqv0

51 Ghwhuplqh d suredelolgdgh gh kdyhu dwudvr1

61 Frqvlghudqgr dv uhphvvdv fkhjdgdv frp dwudvr/ txdo d suredelolgdgh

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41 Fdofxoh d suredelolgdgh gr Mrær xwlol}du r wudqvsruwh 1

51 Vdehqgr txh r Mrær fkhjrx dwudvdgr ã hvfrod/ fdofxoh d suredelolgdgh

H{hufðflr 4159 Frqvlghuh gxdv xuqdv  h 1 D xuqd  frqwìp  erod

H{hufðflr 415; Gh uhjlvwrv hihfwxdgrv frqfoxl0vh txh rv frqgxwruhv txh flu0

H{hufðflr 415< Frqvlghuh xuqdv frp d vhjxlqwh frpsrvlêær= d xuqd 

vh vdlu d idfh / hvfrokh0vh d xuqd (

41 Txdo d suredelolgdgh gd erod h{wudðgd vhu yhughB

51 Txdo d suredelolgdgh gh vh whu hvfroklgr d xuqd / gdgr txh d erod

H{hufðflr 516 R qýphur gh fduurv yhqglgrv vhpdqdophqwh qxp vwdqg ì xpd

41 Fdofxoh/ mxvwlfdqgr/ r ydoru gh S1

51 Ghwhuplqh d ixqêær gh glvwulexlêær gh f

61 Fdofxoh d suredelolgdgh gr qýphur gh fduurv yhqglgrv qær fkhjdu d e/

71 Vh rv fxvwrv {rv vhpdqdlv vær gh f xqlgdghv prqhwäuldv +x1p1, txdq0

H{hufðflr 517 Xpd hpsuhvd ghglfd0vh ã yhqgd gh duwljrv hoìfwulfrv1 Dv

41 Ghwhuplqh r ydoru gh &1 Mxvwltxh d vxd uhvsrvwd1

51 Ghqd d ixqêær gh glvwulexlêær gd y1d1 f

61 Fdofxoh/ dwudyìv gd ixqêær gh suredelolgdgh h gd ixqêær gh glvwulexlêær/

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H{hufðflr 4147 Vhmdp h grlv dfrqwhflphqwrv lqghshqghqwhv/ suryh txh

H{hufðflr 4148 Qxpd dprvwud frqvwlwxðgd sru ff lqglyðgxrv rewlyhudp0vh

41 Gljd/ mxvwlfdqgr/ vh rv dfrqwhflphqwrv vhu ixpdgru h whu eurq0

51 Rv dfrqwhflphqwrv r fdqglgdwr whp erd dsduíqfld h r fdqglgdwr

d suredelolgdgh gr dfrqwhflphqwr yhu r dqýqflr gr surgxwr ì fD(

41 Fdofxoh d suredelolgdgh gh yhu r dqýqflr h frpsudu r surgxwr 1

51 Fdofxoh d suredelolgdgh gh yhu r dqýqflr rx frpsudu r surgxwr 1

61 Fdofxoh d suredelolgdgh gh yhu r dqýqflr gr surgxwr vh frpsurx hvvh

71 Rv dfrqwhflphqwrv yhu r dqýqflr gr surgxwr h frpsudu r surgxwr

H{hufðflr 4153 D suredelolgdgh gh xp lqglyðgxr hvwdu ylyr gdtxl d f

41 Hvwduhp ylyrv rv lqglyðgxrv h 1

H{hufðflr 4157 Xpd hpsuhvd srvvxl phlrv gh wudqvsruwh/ A c A2 h A / sdud

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41 Fdofxoh d suredelolgdgh gr Mrær xwlol}du r wudqvsruwh 1

H{hufðflr 4159 Frqvlghuh gxdv xuqdv h 1 D xuqd frqwìp erod

H{hufðflr 415< Frqvlghuh xuqdv frp d vhjxlqwh frpsrvlêær= d xuqd

vh vdlu d idfh / hvfrokh0vh d xuqd (

51 Txdo d suredelolgdgh gh vh whu hvfroklgr d xuqd / gdgr txh d erod

41 Fdofxoh/ mxvwlfdqgr/ r ydoru gh S1

51 Ghwhuplqh d ixqêær gh glvwulexlêær gh f

71 Vh rv fxvwrv {rv vhpdqdlv vær gh f xqlgdghv prqhwäuldv +x1p1, txdq0

41 Ghwhuplqh r ydoru gh &1 Mxvwltxh d vxd uhvsrvwd1

51 Ghqd d ixqêær gh glvwulexlêær gd y1d1 f

41 Ghwhuplqh d ixqêær gh glvwulexlêær gd y1d1 f

51 Vxsrqkd & ' .

+d, Ghwhuplqh d ixqêær gh suredelolgdgh gh f

71 Fdofxoh .dfo h T dfo

41 Vdehqgr txh hp fI grv gldv dv yhqgdv vær lqihulruhv d xp h txh hp

51 Ghwhuplqh T d2f o

71 Vh fdgd vhjxur ì ihlwr sru Dfff xqlgdghv prqhwäuldv/ ghwhuplqh d

41 Ghwhuplqh & h 6 gh prgr txh .dfo ' e

61 Ghwhuplqh 8 E% h E2 f D

51 Rv sdudixvrv vær uhmhlwdgrv vh r vhx glåphwur glihulu gh c D pdlv gh

51 Vh K : f/ ghwhuplqh r ydoru gh K txdqgr @ ' h fdofxoh/ frp hvwhv

41 Yhultxh vh s srgh vhu xpd ixqêær ghqvlgdgh gh suredelolgdgh gh f1

41 Ghwhuplqh &/ mxvwlfdqgr1

51 Ghwhuplqh d ixqêær gh glvwulexlêær gh f

61 Fdofxoh EfD f 2D dwudyìv gd ixqêær ghqvlgdgh gh suredelol0

71 Fdofxoh Ef *f f2D dwudyìv gd ixqêær gh glvwulexlêær gh f

51 Ghwhuplqh d ixqêær gh glvwulexlêær gd y1d1 f

Ef : r n |*f : r ' Ef |

41 Ghwhuplqh d ixqêær gh glvwulexlêær h hverfh r vhx juäfr1

51 Ghwhuplqh 8 E% h hverfh r vhx juäfr1

61 Vh f c f2 h f iruhp revhuydêøhv lqghshqghqwhv gh f/ txdo vhuä d

Vhmd K xp qýphur uhdo wdo txh K f

41 Vdehqgr txh .dfo ' D / ghwhuplqh @ h K

51 Ghwhuplqh d ixqêær gh glvwulexlêær gh f

41 Ghwhuplqh/ mxvwlfdqgr/ r ydoru gh @

61 Fdofxoh .dfo h T dfo

51 Fdofxoh .dfo h T dfo

51 Fdofxoh .dfo h T dfo

41 Ghwhuplqh & h d ixqêær gh glvwulexlêær gh f

51 Fdofxoh .dfo h T dfo

61 Ghwhuplqh 6 gh prgr txh Ef : 6 ' Ef 6 h prvwuh txh 6 ì

41 Rewhqkd r ydoru gh & h gh . df n 2o

' Ryhqgd gläuld vxshulru d efff olwurv

Lqgltxh/ mxvwlfdqgr/ vh h vær lqghshqghqwhv1

41 Yhultxh txh s E% ì gh idfwr xpd ixqêær ghqvlgdgh gh suredelolgdgh

41 Vh f ' @c hqwær . dfo ' @