IR: Liberalism
Enlightened view of
human nature- man self
centered, but enough
reason - guide TC
interst of AL.
Ideas establish (pmplt-)
“Perpetual Peace”
European nations -
Free trade & promote
democracies
Illusion=war beneficial to the
victor, not to anyone. every war
has a cost
Woodrow Wilson 14pt
Liberal Institutionalism
Advntg: platform for dispute resolution
reglr dialogue,trustDefct, SecDil,IntL comitment
Disadvantages:
• huge# but armsrace,N-detrrnce
• run by state, narrow intrst
• lack representation, crisis of legitimation
• suff.Mandate, fund,IAEA-NKorea, IranDivrsion
• Experience suggest, countries which trusted
institutions have suffered- India wrt Kashmir
Joseph Nogee: “Quasi
Negociations”
Nations not interested
in negociations. only
make impression that
negociations are going on
to avoid blaming
***Insti. less productive, unnecessary burden
Concl: Anarchical society of Hadley Bull
Interdeoendance
Thomas Friedman:Golden Arches Theory
McDonald chain - Ppl prefer standing in queue
than war, EI - war less attractive
India-China - growing EI - LAC
Manmohan Singh Doctrin - EI- PAK
Richard Rosecrance:
Trading vs. Military state
Japan, Germany vs. US(afg,iran), USSR
Democratic(Republican) Peace Theory
War, Zone of Peace Turmoil, people=end
Demo-culture = FoSEx- course correction
intrest of world peace,if^# countries w/ demcrC *All issues are equally important as opposed to
Crit: Misused by US- paradoxical policy in
middel east (supp Gulf monarch, dectR NAfrica *Believe in soft
vs Bush Doctrine- Promotion of DmcrC@gunPt
---> destabalize 2, ultimately entire middle east well as
*NoWar=coincidance, most DmcrC rich cntries
hence more to loose if war happence
*No logical basis: ppl compel govt to go 4 war
*othrFactors:EI,Fear.f.Commnism, CultHomognT realists
Sociological Liberalism Functionalism (Peace by pieces-sectoral approach)
Karl Deutsch:Security Community(alt.Dilemma) David Mitrany:imp to non-political interactions such as
trust devlped by high level of communication, civil society, Track 2 diplomacy, etc as a means to achieve
[visa, travell, letters and phone exchanged] political outcomes (Cobden-KTPO)
belief common security concern Spill over effect : Nation realise benefit of coop
Eg.EU, North America, TASC, in 1 area: Coop in others : Functional link-
ASEAN. ages : Conducive envt for high politics
Functional Sovereignty : Not Monastic
Countries where
states : Decision making to expert bodies
communication have
(ECB)
been high, peace has
been prevailing. Neo-Functionalism
Ernst Haas:Not possible to sustain the long
Rosenau: We have moved away frm state process w/o bringing in politicians
centric world to society centric world, evident EU ∫ - reqd immense political will
- declining capacity of state to manage Sig: Strongest existing alternative to real-
governance, Ppl - multiple identities & loyalties ist politics (lim: Very long time, polWill)
{{~~John Burton- Cobweb ~~}} India + Pak (‘2+6’ frmwrk, compDilog)
High P : Kashmir, nuclear
IIIrd World relevence:IND-PK, not seem Low P: MFN, Sir Creek, Terror, Culture
feasible. most not natural nations so SecDilm, vested interests-impossible2achieve any progress
lack PolWill, exception ASEAN, India tried to
implement it in selective manner with Nepal and Richard Cobden: Keep the politicians out, the bonds of
Bhutan but not with other countrires eternal peace, spirit of commerce
Complex Interdependance(discriptive Thery)
Keohane & Nye:Coopn+Conflict @ same time
Old conflicts continuing - new ones - CC, terror-
ism, Security - countries cooperate
A situation where one is forced to love someone
whom one would love to hate, Ex-US-CH
Security issues - not irrelevant but Economic
sec dominated military sec.
IP - Pluralistic - multiple actors, state not only
one as opposed to realists
*RelP-coop & conflict,as opps to realists-conflict
*Not complete anarchy-Cmplx intd
realists considering national interest as supreme
power as
opposed to
just military
power by