Variable structure system

A variable structure system, or VSS, is a discontinuous nonlinear system of the form

where is the state vector, is the time variable, and

is a piecewise continuous function.[1] Due to the piecewise
continuity of these systems, they behave like different continuous nonlinear systems in different regions of their state space. At
the boundaries of these regions, their dynamics switch abruptly. Hence, their structure varies over different parts of their state
space.

The development of variable structure control depends upon methods of analyzing variable structure systems, which are special
cases of hybrid dynamical systems.

See also
Variable structure control
Sliding mode control
Hybrid system
Nonlinear control
Robust control
Optimal control
H-bridge – A topology that combines four switches forming the four legs of an "H". Can be used to drive a motor
(or other electrical device) forward or backward when only a single supply is available. Often used in actuator
sliding-mode control systems.
Switching amplifier – Uses switching-mode control to drive continuous outputs
Delta-sigma modulation – Another (feedback) method of encoding a continuous range of values in a signal that
rapidly switches between two states (i.e., a kind of specialized sliding-mode control)
Pulse density modulation – A generalized form of delta-sigma modulation
Pulse-width modulation – Another modulation scheme that produces continuous motion through discontinuous
switching

References
1. Edwards, Cristopher; Fossas Colet, Enric; Fridman, Leonid, eds. (2006). Advances in Variable Structure and
Sliding Mode Control. Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences. vol 334. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
ISBN 978-3-540-32800-1.

Further reading
Khalil, H.K. (2002). Nonlinear Systems (http://www.egr.msu.edu/~khalil/NonlinearSystems/) (3rd ed.). Upper
Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-067389-7.
Utkin, V.I. (http://www.ece.osu.edu/~utkin/) (1992). Sliding Modes in Control and Optimization. Springer-Verlag.
ISBN 978-0-387-53516-6.
Zinober, A.S.I., ed. (1990). Deterministic control of uncertain systems. London: Peter Peregrinus Press.
ISBN 978-0-86341-170-0.
 Zinober, Alan S.I., ed. (1994). Variable Structure and Lyapunov Control. London: Springer-Verlag.
doi:10.1007/BFb0033675 (https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBFb0033675). ISBN 978-3-540-19869-7.

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