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Agronomy has been derived from two Greek words “agros meaning field
and ‘nomas’ to manage.
Literally it means the art of managing fields and technically it means the
art of managing fields and technically it means the science and economics
of crop production by management of farm land through efficient use of
soil fertility water labour and other factors related to crop production.
Choice of crop varieties for particular agro- climate, land, soil fertility,
season, method of cultivation suitable for the cropping system.
Crop plants are grouped into three main classes according to three
range of cultivation:
A. Garden crop: These are basically grown in the kitchen garden, flower
garden, backyards.
C. Field crops: Grown on large scale. Mostly seasonal crops such as rice,
wheat, cotton.
Agronomy deals with field crop and they are classified as:
2. Millets: they are small grained cereals like bajra, ragi. They are used
as staple food in drier region of the countries.
3. Oilseeds: The crop seeds are rich in fatty acids like sunflower, mustard,
groundnut, linseed, castor, sesame, soybean etc.
4. Pulses: Seeds of leguminous crop plants used as food. They are rich in protein.
Such as Green gram, Black gram, Peas, Cowpea, Pigeon Pea, Lentil etc.
6. Fiber crops: Crop plants grown for fiber yield. Fiber may be obtained from
cotton, Jute, Sunhemp, Flax, Mesta etc.
7. Sugar & Starch Crops: Production of starch sugar Sweet potato, Tapioca,
Sugarcane, Sugarbeet etc.
11. Beverages: Used for mild stimulating liquor, Tea, Coffee, Cocoa etc.
SEASONAL CLASSIFICATION
Kharif : June- July to Sep.-Oct.
Rabi: Oct –Nov to Jan- Feb.
Zaid: Feb –March to May- June