Z-domain

H(z) = (z-a)(z-b)/(z-c)(z-d)

In all cases plot the pole zero plot as well as |H(w)|.

1. Fix b= 1/2; c=1/3; d=1/4 and vary a=1/5, 2/5, 3/5, 4/5
a=[1,-0.5833+0.0833];
b=[1,-0.7,0.1];
b1=[1,-0.9,0.2];
b2=[1,-1.1,0.3];
b3=[1,-1.3,0.4];
w=[0:0.00627:pi];
H=freqz(b,a,w);
H1=freqz(b1,a,w);
H2=freqz(b2,a,w);
H3=freqz(b3,a,w);
magH=abs(H);
magH1=abs(H1);
magH2=abs(H2);
magH3=abs(H3);
figure;
subplot(221)
plot(w,magH);
title('|H(w)|')
xlabel('samples')
ylabel('magnitude')
subplot(222)
plot(w,magH1);
title('|H(w)|')
xlabel('samples')
ylabel('magnitude')
subplot(223)
plot(w,magH2);
title('|H(w)|')
xlabel('samples')
ylabel('magnitude')
subplot(224)
plot(w,magH3);
title('|H(w)|')
xlabel('samples')
ylabel('magnitude')
figure;
subplot(221)
zplane(b,a)
subplot(222)
zplane(b1,a)
subplot(223)
zplane(b2,a)
subplot(224)
zplane(b3,a)
 |H(w)| |H(w)|
magnitude 1.4 1.5

magnitude
1.2
1
1

0.8 0.5
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
samples samples
|H(w)| |H(w)|
2 2

1.5 1.5
magnitude

magnitude
1 1

0.5 0.5

0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
samples samples

1 1
Imaginary Part

Imaginary Part

0.5 0.5

0 0

-0.5 -0.5

-1 -1
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
Real Part Real Part

1 1
Imaginary Part

Imaginary Part

0.5 0.5

0 0

-0.5 -0.5

-1 -1
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
Real Part Real Part
2. Fix a= 1/2; b=1/3; c=1/4 and vary d=1/5, 2/5, 3/5, 4/5
b=[1,-0.83333,0.16666];
a=[1,-0.45,0.05];
a1=[1,-0.65,0.1];
a2=[1,-0.85,0.15];
a3=[1,-1.05,0.2];
w=[0:0.00627:pi];
H=freqz(b,a,w);
H1=freqz(b,a1,w);
H2=freqz(b,a2,w);
H3=freqz(b,a3,w);
magH=abs(H);
magH1=abs(H1);
magH2=abs(H2);
magH3=abs(H3);
figure;
subplot(221)
plot(w,magH);
title('|H(w)|')
xlabel('samples')
ylabel('magnitude')
subplot(222)
plot(w,magH1);
title('|H(w)|')
xlabel('samples')
ylabel('magnitude')
subplot(223)
plot(w,magH2);
title('|H(w)|')
xlabel('samples')
ylabel('magnitude')
subplot(224)
plot(w,magH3);
title('|H(w)|')
xlabel('samples')
ylabel('magnitude')
figure;
subplot(221)
zplane(b,a)
subplot(222)
zplane(b,a1)
subplot(223)
zplane(b,a2)
subplot(224)
zplane(b,a3)
 |H(w)| |H(w)|
1.5 1.4

1.2
magnitude

magnitude
1 1

0.8

0.5
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
samples samples
|H(w)| |H(w)|
1.2 2.5

2
magnitude

1.1 magnitude
1.5
1
1

0.9 0.5
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
samples samples

1 1
Imaginary Part

Imaginary Part

0.5 0.5

0 0

-0.5 -0.5

-1 -1
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
Real Part Real Part

1 1
Imaginary Part

Imaginary Part

0.5 0.5

0 0

-0.5 -0.5

-1 -1
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
Real Part Real Part
3. Fix a= r*e^(j*pi/4); b= r*e^(-j*pi/4); c=1/2; d=0 and vary r=0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 1
a=[1,-0.5,0];
b=[1,-0.2*(exp((pi*i)/4)+exp((-pi*i)/4)),0.04];
b1=[1,-0.5*(exp((pi*i)/4)+exp((-pi*i)/4)),0.25];
b2=[1,-0.8*(exp((pi*i)/4)+exp((-pi*i)/4)),0.64];
b3=[1,-1*(exp((pi*i)/4)+exp((-pi*i)/4)),1];
w=[0:0.00627:pi];
H=freqz(b,a,w);
H1=freqz(b1,a,w);
H2=freqz(b2,a,w);
H3=freqz(b3,a,w);
magH=abs(H);
magH1=abs(H1);
magH2=abs(H2);
magH3=abs(H3);
figure;
subplot(221)
plot(w,magH);
title('|H(w)|')
xlabel('samples')
ylabel('magnitude')
subplot(222)
plot(w,magH1);
title('|H(w)|')
xlabel('samples')
ylabel('magnitude')
subplot(223)
plot(w,magH2);
title('|H(w)|')
xlabel('samples')
ylabel('magnitude')
subplot(224)
plot(w,magH3);
title('|H(w)|')
xlabel('samples')
ylabel('magnitude')
figure;
subplot(221)
zplane(b,a)
subplot(222)
zplane(b1,a)
subplot(223)
zplane(b2,a)
subplot(224)
zplane(b3,a)
 |H(w)| |H(w)|
1.6 1.4

1.4 1.2
magnitude

magnitude
1.2 1

1 0.8

0.8
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
samples samples
|H(w)| |H(w)|
2 3

1.5
magnitude

magnitude
2
1
1
0.5

0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
samples samples

1 1
Imaginary Part

Imaginary Part

0.5 0.5

0 0

-0.5 -0.5

-1 -1
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
Real Part Real Part

1 1
Imaginary Part

Imaginary Part

0.5 0.5

0 0

-0.5 -0.5

-1 -1
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
Real Part Real Part
4. Fix a=0; b=1/2 ; c= r*e^(j*3pi/4); d= r*e^(-j*3pi/4); and vary r=0.2, 0.5, 0.8.
b=[1,-0.5,0];
a=[1,-0.2*(exp((3*pi/4)*i)+exp((-3*pi/4)*i)),0.04];
a1=[1,-0.5*(exp((3*pi/4)*i)+exp((-3*pi/4)*i)),0.25];
a2=[1,-0.8*(exp((3*pi/4)*i)+exp((-3*pi/4)*i)),0.64];
w=[0:0.00627:pi];
H=freqz(b,a,w);
H1=freqz(b,a1,w);
H2=freqz(b,a2,w);
magH=abs(H);
magH1=abs(H1);
magH2=abs(H2);
figure;
subplot(311)
plot(w,magH);
title('|H(w)|')
xlabel('samples')
ylabel('magnitude')
subplot(312)
plot(w,magH1);
title('|H(w)|')
xlabel('samples')
ylabel('magnitude')
subplot(313)
plot(w,magH2);
title('|H(w)|')
xlabel('samples')
ylabel('magnitude')
figure;
title('Pole zero plot')
subplot(311)
zplane(b,a)
subplot(312)
zplane(b,a1)
subplot(313)
zplane(b,a2)
 |H(w)|
magnitude 2

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
samples
|H(w)|
4
magnitude

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
samples
|H(w)|
10
magnitude

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
samples
Imaginary Part

-1
-5 0 5
Real Part
Imaginary Part

-1
-5 0 5
Real Part
Imaginary Part

-1
-5 0 5
Real Part
b. Discuss the effect of varying poles and zeros on |H(w)|.

 The poles must be strictly inside the unit circle for the system to be causal and stable.
 When the poles are far from the unit circle, the frequency response is quite flat.
 When the poles are close to the unit circle, the frequency response has peaks. The
closer the poles are to the unit circle, the sharper the peak is.
 Poles at the origin (z = 0) have no effect on |H(ω)|.
 As the angle of the poles varies, the positions of the frequency response peaks vary.
 Zeros close to unit circle decreases |H (w)| and poles close to unit circle increases |H
(w)|.