Abstract

Streamlined drag is the resistance that resistant the moving body from becoming quick. When
we have to increase the speed of vehicle we increase the supply of fuel. In the way drag force
has strong influence on the speed of vehicle and this is to pull the body toward opposite
direction and reduces the speed of the vehicle. Almost 50 to 60% fuel is consumed to overcome
this drag. Especially in racing cars which requires more speed to win the race we reduce the drag
force to increase the speed. This is to modify and improve the aerodynamic of by reducing the
partition with air. Reducing the drag is one of the major goal in vehicle dynamics. This paper is
to study and estimate the streamline drag from different angles and various strategies to reduce
the drag. Moreover in aero planes and space vehicles where drag of air is very high lift and drag
will be studied in comparison to acquire 2D and 3D modified models and finally to determine
the drag force on resulted shape.
The Car will be designed by hit and trail method by trying different and multiple profiles and to
get the required result. For acquiring the resultant profile we will analyze different profiles.
Introduction:
Streamline drag has got premium importance in autos both in experimental and simulation
based study in the field of automotive industry [1]. Explanatory examination and numerical
estimation is given by Momen and Islam[2] for streamlined drag but they did not give the
procedure related to minimize the drag their work was just relevant to vehicle auto. For
optimum speed and the impact on body excellent design of auto and dashing autos are primary
requirements. Barbut et al. [3] has given the computational analysis on street vehicle to
decrease the drag. Koikeet al. [4] has given the vortex generators to demolish the drag of
automotives. But the vortex generators are suitable with state of auto body.

Damjanovic [5] has currently given the estimation on streamline drag of auto that elaborates
both two dimensional and three dimensional estimations. But he only described the
minimization of drag by using aero foil did not computed the drag power of dashing auto.

A comparison between the square back auto and car is examined by Bijlani et al.[6] and analyze
that car auto produces less drag than square back auto.
In past years the fuel shortage and crises was not the issue designing of vehicles were on the
base of comfort safety and good speed. But in present years due to increase of fuel prices trend
of sale of automobiles is twisted. This is due to questions raised about the shortage of fuel in
future.
Many solutions which were looking unsuitable in past are becoming prime. Different
approaches such as electric cars and fuel cells are used and beside this to reduce the energy
consumption air conditions are equipped with electronic devices. Moreover advancing the
designs of vehicles by minimizing the weight and modifying the exterior of car to improve the
aerodynamic parameters for better acquired conditions to lessen the consumption of energy
and to increase the stability for navigation .These issues are also directed to minimize the noise
and air pollution problems. In this article we will try different aerodynamic profiles and CFD
analysis is performed.
 Geometry and Physical Model
These are some of the geometries on which I will work doing this project,
Mesh Generation
For fig ”a” and ”b” end results are given in results section. The design which we had made in “C”
here we will continue this design. Here the Generated Mesh is given as follows,
Validation
Validate the results by comparing the two designs of car one from our project and one from
already published results.
The data taken to validate the results is from Gregory & O'Reilly, NASA R&M 3726, Jan 1970.

The results from data are given as

Lift Coefficient = 0.6315
Drag Coefficient= 0.0122

It is given that results are matching with our results so our analysis is validated.

The coefficients of drag and lift are not constant and always varies with the profile .To avoid this we has
taken their values from accurate sources.

Results
These are the results for three types of design which we have selected

Conclusion
In conclusion our results for drag and lift are compared with already published results. In this
way we can understand where the change is required in the aerodynamics of car. By changing
the aero-foil the drag and lift force will be changed. In this we will obtain good results by taking
geometry simple and accurate aerodynamically. In future we will see a better scope in the field
of aerodynamics to optimize the drag and lift coefficients. Now Ferrari and Bugatti are famous
for their aerodynamic design in the world.