Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FIGURES
Figure 1.1 3DShop solid model (upper figure) and KUBRIX hexahedral mesh (lower
figure) for intersecting circular and horseshoe tunnels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Figure 1.2 The 3DShop window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Figure 1.3 3DShop toolbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Figure 1.4 CAD model of “bathtub”-shaped open pit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 17
Figure 1.5 Wireframe view of the parallelepiped . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 18
Figure 1.6 Script Editor dialog box showing the Colorization script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 19
Figure 1.7 All faces after colorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 19
Figure 1.8 Geometry after removal of two faces and edge projections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 20
Figure 1.9 Geometry after more faces have been removed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 20
Figure 1.10 Six construction lines appear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 21
Figure 1.11 Nine extracted edges representing the boundaries of the faces . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 21
Figure 1.12 Creation of the top face . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 22
Figure 1.13 Creation of the sloping face . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 22
Figure 1.14 Remaining faces of the cone section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 23
Figure 1.15 Building the remaining faces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 23
Figure 1.16 Final geometry with colorized faces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 24
Figure 1.17 The Discretize dialog box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 24
Figure 1.18 Triangulated surface representing the geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 25
Figure 1.19 Hexahedral Meshing dialog box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 26
Figure 1.20 Final mesh for open pit model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 27
Figure 1.21 CAD model of mine pillar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 29
Figure 1.22 View of the box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 30
Figure 1.23 A circular arc passing through 3 points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 30
Figure 1.24 Circular arc and rectangle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 30
Figure 1.25 Single Wire representing the tunnel cross-section and the box . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 31
Figure 1.26 What is left of the box when the tunnel is subtracted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 31
Figure 1.27 Perspective view of the box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 32
Figure 1.28 Rotating the tunnel section around a vertical axis, before . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 32
Figure 1.29 Rotating the tunnel section around a vertical axis, after . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 33
Figure 1.30 Final model of the pillar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 33
Figure 1.31 Triangulated surface representing the geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 34
Figure 1.32 The Hexahedral Meshing dialog box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 35
Figure 1.33 Final mesh for pillar model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 36
Figure 1.34 CAD model of 45◦ tunnel intersection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 38
Figure 1.35 The Circle dialog box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 38
Figure 1.36 The trimmed circle and lower rectangle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 39
Figure 1.37 Tunnel cross-section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 39
Figure 1.38 Tunnel section and line representing the direction of tunnel extrusion . . . . . . 1 - 40
Figure 1.39 First tunnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 40
Figure 1.40 Rotation of a tunnel around a vertical axis passing through its center . . . . . . . 1 - 41
Figure 1.41 The rotated tunnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 41
Figure 1.42 The Script Editor dialog box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 42
Figure 1.43 Intersecting tunnels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 42
Figure 1.44 Intersecting two tunnels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 43
Figure 1.45 Line segments joining arc bases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 43
Figure 1.46 Scaling up two line segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 44
Figure 1.47 Tunnels and cutting lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 44
Figure 1.48 Cutting one tunnel in two . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 45
Figure 1.49 The four pieces of the angled tunnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 45
Figure 1.50 The four pieces of the y-direction tunnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 46
Figure 1.51 Intersecting tunnels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 46
Figure 1.52 Removing the southwest tunnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 47
Figure 1.53 The two tunnels after the removal of all unneeded Shells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 47
Figure 1.54 Three line segments connecting the corners of the three arches . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 48
Figure 1.55 Extracting the edges representing the three arches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 48
Figure 1.56 Capping the 3 branch ends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 49
Figure 1.57 The complete tunnel branch without the floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 49
Figure 1.58 Closed Shell representing the branching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 50
Figure 1.59 The branching and a parallelepiped . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 50
Figure 1.60 The result of Split 2 solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 51
Figure 1.61 The outer Shell is rendered transparent to show the branching inside . . . . . . . 1 - 51
Figure 1.62 The Regular Meshing dialog box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 52
Figure 1.63 Triangulated geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 53
Figure 1.64 Final mesh for intersecting tunnels model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 54
EXAMPLES
Example 1.1 “Bathtub” model created with 3DShop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 27
Example 1.2 Pillar model created with 3DShop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 36