Project Report on”Study of watershed management for Jalgaon District” DCE

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CHAPTER-2
[REVIEW OF LITRATURE]

2.1 Making Watershed Partnerships Work: A Review of the Empirical

Literature

William D. Leach and Neil W. Pelkey

Two main goals are achieved in this review of the empirical literature on factors
affecting conflict resolution in watershed partnerships. The first is an
assessment of two public policy theories relevant to partnership structure and
function. The second is a set of practical suggestions for designing successful
partnerships. The 37 available studies collectively identified 210 “lessons
learned,” which were grouped into 28 thematic categories. The most frequently
recurring themes are the necessity of adequate funding (62% of the studies),
effective leadership and management (59%), interpersonal trust (43%), and
committed participants (43%). Exploratory factor analysis was used to search
for patterns in the lessons. Four factors were identified, which together explain
95% of the variance in the 28 themes. The first two factors emphasize the
importance of (1) balancing the partnership's resources with its scope of
activities; and (2) employing a flexible and informal partnership structure. The
third and fourth factors offer modest support for two theoretical perspectives on
collaborative resource management—the alternate dispute resolution framework
and the institutional analysis and development framework.

2.2 Impervious Surfaces and Water Quality: A Review of Current

Literature and Its Implications for Watershed Planning

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Elizabeth Brabec, Stacey Schulte, Paul L. Richards

First Published May 1, 2002 Research Article

Impervious surfaces have for many years been recognized as an indicator of the
intensity of the urban environment and, with the advent of urban sprawl, they
have become a key issue in habitat health. Although a considerable amount of
research has been done to define impervious thresholds for water quality
degradation, there are a number of flaws in the assumptions and methodologies
used. Given refinement of the methodology, accurate and usable parameters for
preventative watershed planning can be developed, which include impervious
surface thresholds and a balance between pervious and impervious surfaces
within a watershed.
2.3 Parametric-deterministic urban watershed model
WM Alley, DR Dawdy, JC Schaake Jr - Journal of the Hydraulics Division,
1980 - trid.trb.org

A parametric-deterministic urban rainfall-runoff model is described. The model

uses a
parametric soil-moisture-accounting procedure to determine antecedent-
moisture conditions
and the Philip equation to compute infiltration. Kinematic-wave theory is used
for
deterministic routing of flows over contributing areas and through a branched
system of
pipes or natural channels or both, to the watershed outlet. An option is included
in the model
to calibrate the soil moisture and infiltration parameters using a modified-
Rosenbrock

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2.4 State Approaches to Watershed Management: Transferring

Lessons between the Northeast and Southwest

Sarah Michaels ; and Douglas S. Kenney

Managing at the watershed-scale has become an increasingly popular and
innovative approach to water resources management. As watershed based
approaches to managing water resources are being adopted throughout the
United States, knowledge is accumulating rapidly in different regions about
what works and what does not. While there is considerable enthusiasm for
spreading (and replicating) these "lessons learned" nationally there is also the
recognition that institutional arrangements for watershed management should
reflect the unique physical and social characteristics of each region. These
observations raise the following questions: To what extent (and under what
circumstances) can the knowledge gained in one region be constructively
applied elsewhere, and what opportunities and risks are associated with the
transfer of "lessons" among regions? These are deceptively difficult and salient
questions only recently receiving serious attention in the context of watershed
management. In this paper, we choose to examine a small component of this
issue by considering watershed management approaches in the disparate states
of Massachusetts and Arizona. These are regions with very different
biogeophysical qualities, legal and administrative regimes, major water uses and
issues, and community governance traditions. In short, they appear to have little
in common. In practice, however, state watershed management plans in the two
states are quite similar. Understanding the reasons behind this outcome is useful
in explaining the limits of the transferability of lessons.

2.5 Application of geographic information systems in watershed

management planning in St. Lucia

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Author links open overlay panelChristopherCoxaChandraMadramootoob

The use of geographic information systems (GIS) to develop conservation-

oriented watershed management strategies on St. Lucia is presented. A soil loss
model was executed within a GIS environment to evaluate agricultural
management strategies in terms of soil loss on two agricultural watersheds. The
GIS provided a fast and efficient means of generating the input data required for
the model and allowed for easy assessment of the relative erosion hazard over
the watersheds under the different land management options. The model
predicted substantial declines in soil loss under conservation-oriented land
management compared to current land management for both watersheds. The
results of this study indicate that soil loss potential on the Soufriere watershed is
approximately four times higher than on the Marquis watershed. This study
represents the first attempt in the application of GIS technology to watershed
conservation planning for St. Lucia. The procedures developed will contribute
to the evolution of a decision support system to guide agricultural and forestry
land planning in St. Lucia.

2.6 Participation by Local Governmental Officials in Watershed

Management Planning

THOMAS WEBLER,SETH TULER,INGRID SHOCKEY,PAUL

STERN &ROBERT BEATTIE
This article reports on a study that explores what factors influence the decisions
of New England local governmental officials (LGOs) to participate (or not) in
regional collaborative environmental policymaking on watershed management
planning. Q methodology was used to find coherent narratives that captured
basic perspectives LGOs took toward the opportunity to participate in a
watershed management planning process. Five perspectives emerged from the

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factor analysis. One centers on strategic calculations of influencing outcomes. A

second weighs interest and available time. A third looks at how the community
would benefit. A fourth is rooted in one's personal environmental ethics. And a
fifth attempts to match skills and experiences with the needs of the policy
endeavor. In conclusion, we found that LGOs make their decision to participate
or not based on three general considerations: They feel they can help make a
positive difference; they see working on the problem as consistent with their
environmental ethic; and it is in their community's interest that they participate
in the process.

2.7 Integrating Technical Analysis With Deliberation in Regional

Watershed Management Planning: Applying the National Research
Council Approach
Authore Thomas Webler, Seth Tuler

This paper suggests that applications of watershed management planning would

benefit from a theoretical consideration of the policymaking process. A
conceptual schema from the field of risk analysis proposes that policymaking be
conceived of as a combination of two types of activities: analysis and
deliberation. We argue that these concepts are relevant to watershed
management planning and we illustrate how a process successfully might
integrate both kinds of activities into an iterative, participatory process that is
informed competently with relevant knowledge and that promotes learning.

2.8 DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF MULTIPLE-

OBJECTIVE DECISION-MAKING METHODS FOR
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLANNING

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Authors France Lamy, John Bolte, Mary Santelmann, Courtland Smith

Making decisions for environmental management is a complex task due to the

multiplicity and diversity of technological choices. Furthermore, the
exploitation of natural resources and the preservation of the natural
environment imply objectives that are often in conflict within a sustainable
development paradigm. Managers and other decision makers require techniques
to assist them in understanding strategic decision making. This paper illustrates
the use of a multiple-objective decision-making methodology and an
integrative geographical information system-based decision-making tool
developed to help watershed councils prioritize and evaluate restoration
activities at the watershed level. Both were developed through a
multidisciplinary approach. The decision-making tool is being applied in two
watersheds of Oregon's Willamette River Basin. The results suggest that
multiple-objective methods can provide a valuable tool in analyzing complex
watershed management issues.

2.9 Strategies for Watershed Management planning using remote

sensing technique

Authors Authors and affiliations , A K Chakraborti

‘Watershed Management’ has assumed urgency for planned development of
land and water resources and to arrest land degradation process to preserve
environment and ecological balance. Decision support to such management
planning requires scientific knowledge of resources information, expected
runoff and sediment yield, priority classification of watersheds for conservation
planning, monitoring of watershed for environmental impact assessment and
technologies of GIS for data base creation, scenario development and
appropriate decision making. Remote sensing technique is ideally suited to

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evolve such a management strategy. Scientific basis of this approach is

explained.

2.10 Political Pitfalls of Integrated Watershed Management

WILLIAM BLOMQUIST

Integrated watershed management, preferably under the direction of a

watershed or basin management body, has been prescribed in the water policy
literature and from other quarters for decades. Few instances may be found
where this recommendation has been implemented. This gap between
prescription and practice is sometimes attributed to politics, as a sort of
nuisance to be overcome or avoided through rational, comprehensive,
consensus-based decision making. Fundamental political considerations are
inherent in water resources management, however, and are unavoidable even if
the desire for watershed-scale decision-making bodies were realized. Boundary
definition, choices about decision-making arrangements, and issues of
accountability will arise in any watershed and may help to explain why
watershed management has more often taken polycentric organizational forms
composed of subwatershed communities of interest. An example of a small
Southern California watershed is used to highlight the political issues inherent
in attempts at watershed management.

2.11 Integrated Use of a Continuous Simulation Model and Multi-

Attribute Decision-Making for Ranking Urban Watershed
Management Alternatives

 Authors

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 Eun-Sung ChungEmail author Won-Pyo Hong Kil Seong Lee Steven J. Burian

The objective of this paper is to introduce a continuous simulation-based

screening procedure for ranking urban watershed management alternatives
using multi-attribute decision making (MADM). The procedure integrates
continuous urban runoff simulation results from the United States
Environmental Protection Agency’s Storm Water Management Model
(SWMM) with the use of an alternative evaluation index (AEI) and MADM
techniques, following the driver-pressure-state-impact-response (DPSIR)
approach. The analytic hierarchy process estimates the weights of the criteria,
and SWMM results are used to quantify the effects of the management
alternatives on water quantity and quality metrics. In addition, the tendency of
AEI to reflect resident preferences toward management objectives is
incorporated to include stakeholder participation in the decision-making
process. This systematic decision support process is demonstrated for a Korean
urban watershed. According to the AEI, seven alternatives were divided into
three groups: poor (0∼0.3), acceptable (0.3∼0.6), and good (0.6∼1). The use
of multiple MADM techniques provided a consistency check. The
demonstration illustrates the ability of the continuous simulation-based
MADM approach to provide decision makers with a ranking of suitable urban
watershed management alternatives which incorporate stakeholder feedback.

2.12 Prioritizing the best sites for treated wastewater instream use in
an urban watershed using fuzzy TOPSIS

Author links open overlay panelYeonjooKimaEun-SungChungbSang-

MookJunbSang UgKimc

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This study developed a new framework that prioritized the best sites for treated
wastewater (TWW) instream use using fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference
by Similarity to Ideal Solution (fuzzy TOPSIS), a fuzzy-based multi-criteria
decision-making (MCDM) technique. We identified key criteria for TWW use
based on the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework that
considered technical, social, economic and environmental aspects. We also
introduced triangular fuzzy numbers and conducted individual interviews to
consider the uncertainty of weighting values and input data. This procedure was
applied at ten sites in a South Korean urban watershed, where hydrologic
modeling exercises were performed. Our simulation results for water quantity
(i.e., drought flow, low flow and the days to satisfy instream flow) and water
quality (i.e., BOD concentration and the days to satisfy target water quality)
showed significant inter-annual variability that could be better represented with
fuzzy numbers. Furthermore, the use of fuzzy TOPSIS gave different rankings
of the best sites for TWW use compared to those obtained from a weighting
sum method, a traditional MCDM technique. Such varied rankings with
different MCDM techniques indicate the need for fuzzy-based techniques,
considering various uncertainties and thus being less controversial.

Highlights

► A framework to prioritize the best sites for treated wastewater use was
developed.

► Social, economic and environmental criteria were selected using DPSIR

framework.

► Triangular fuzzy number is introduced for uncertainty of weights and input

data.

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► A fuzzy-based multi-criteria decision-making method, fuzzy TOPSIS, was

used.

► Use of fuzzy TOPSIS gave markedly different rankings of the best sites.

2.13 An integrated GIS-based analysis system for land-use

management of lake areas in urban fringe
Author links open overlay
panelYongLiuaXiaojianLvaXiaoshengQinbHuaichengGuoaYajuanYuaJinfengWa
ngaGuozhuMaoa

Lake areas in Chinese urban fringes are under increasing pressure of

urbanization. Consequently, the conflict between rapid urban sprawl and the
maintenance of water bodies in such areas urgently needs to be addressed. An
integrated GIS-based analysis system (IGAS) for supporting land-use
management of lake areas in urban fringes was developed in this paper. The
IGAS consists of modules of land-use suitability assessment and
change/demand analysis, and land evaluation and allocation. Multicriteria
analysis and system dynamics techniques are used to assess land-use suitability
and forecast potential land-use variation, respectively. Cost approximation and
hypothetical development methods are used to evaluate land resource and
market values, respectively. A case study implementing the system was
performed on the Hanyang Lake area in the urban fringe of Wuhan City, central
China, which is under significant urbanization pressure. Five categories of
suitability were investigated by analyzing 11 criteria and related GIS data. Two
scenarios for potential land-use changes from 2006 to 2020 were predicted,
based on a systematic analysis and system dynamics modeling, and a
hierarchical land-use structure was designed for the conservation of aquatic
ecosystems. The IGAS may help local authorities better understand and address

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the complex land-use system, and develop improved land-use management

strategies that better balance urban expansion and ecological conservation.

2.14 An index-based robust decision making framework for

watershed management in a changing climate
Author links open overlay panelYeonjooKimaEun-SungChungb

This study developed an index-based robust decision making framework for

watershed management dealing with water quantity and quality issues in a
changing climate. It consists of two parts of management alternative
development and analysis. The first part for alternative development consists of
six steps: 1) to understand the watershed components and process using HSPF
model, 2) to identify the spatial vulnerability ranking using two indices:
potential streamflow depletion (PSD) and potential water quality deterioration
(PWQD), 3) to quantify the residents’ preferences on water management
demands and calculate the watershed evaluation index which is the weighted
combinations of PSD and PWQD, 4) to set the quantitative targets for water
quantity and quality, 5) to develop a list of feasible alternatives and 6) to
eliminate the unacceptable alternatives. The second part for alternative analysis
has three steps: 7) to analyze all selected alternatives with a hydrologic
simulation model considering various climate change scenarios, 8) to quantify
the alternative evaluation index including social and hydrologic criteria with
utilizing multi-criteria decision analysis methods and 9) to prioritize all options
based on a minimax regret strategy for robust decision. This framework
considers the uncertainty inherent in climate models and climate change
scenarios with utilizing the minimax regret strategy, a decision making strategy
under deep uncertainty and thus this procedure derives the robust prioritization
based on the multiple utilities of alternatives from various scenarios. In this

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study, the proposed procedure was applied to the Korean urban watershed,
which has suffered from streamflow depletion and water quality deterioration.
Our application shows that the framework provides a useful watershed
management tool for incorporating quantitative and qualitative information into
the evaluation of various policies with regard to water resource planning and
management.

Highlights

 An index-based robust decision making framework was developed for

watershed management
 It used two indices based on sustainable development and stakeholder
participation
 Robust strategies were selected using multicriteria decision making under
complete uncertainty

2.15 Stakeholder and public participation in river basin

management—an introduction

Authors

Gemma Car

Participation of the public and stakeholders in river basin management is

increasingly promoted because it is expected to improve resource management
and enable participants to engage freely and equally in management (support
democratic processes). Three overlapping and interacting mechanisms by which
participation is expected to enhance river basin management are outlined: (1)
providing space for deliberation and consensus building for better quality
decisions, (2) mobilizing and developing human and social capital for better
quality decisions and their implementation, and (3) raising the legitimacy of
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decisions to facilitate their implementation. There are several complexities

associated with each of the mechanisms that add challenges to realizing the
expectations of participation. They include the need to carefully manage
consensus building and conflict to maximize the quality of the decision without
jeopardizing the potential for implementation; being aware of and implementing
strategies to manage asymmetrical power relationships between participants;
ensuring that participants perceive benefits from participation that exceed costs;
and defining criteria for a legitimate process, and a legitimate decision, that
satisfy all participants. Strategies identified to address these challenges focus on
managing the characteristics of the participation process. Ongoing evaluation
during a participation program or project is essential to reflect and refine how
participation is being done, to address the challenges and endeavor to achieve
high-quality decisions that can be implemented efficiently. WIREs Water 2015,
2:393–405. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1086

2.16 Using social criteria to select watersheds for non-point source

agricultural pollution abatement projects
Author links open overlay panelN.BabinaN.D.MullendorebL.S.Prokopyb

This article proposes social criteria for siting watershed-level agricultural non-
point source (NPS) pollution abatement projects. A suite of indicators is
introduced and a methodology is described for assessing the indicators and
making a relative comparison between sites. Indicators discussed include
funding availability, project interest, problem salience, and stakeholder
collaboration and trust. The article concludes with a discussion of the challenges
associated with measuring and comparing qualitative criteria.

2.17 Decision Making and Social Learning: the Case of Watershed

Committee of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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 Authors
 Authors and affiliations
 Melissa WatanabeEmail author
 Lúcia Rejane da Rosa Gama Madruga
 Cristina Keiko Yamaguchi
 Adriana Carvalho Pinto Vieira
 Roseli Jenoveva-Neto

Water is an essential element to life, and must be available to meet the basic
needs of human beings. One of these needs is the production of food,
emphasizing the relevance of agribusiness agents in the management of this
natural resource. This study discusses how the management of water resources
is being conducted by Committees of Watersheds in the State Rio Grande do
Sul, focusing on decision making and in social learning. This is an exploratory
study, supported by predominantly qualitative analysis. The results showed that
the formation of the Committees of Watersheds in the State of Rio Grande do
Sul depends on local decisions that are distinct in each region of the State.
Evolution in the learning process of the members of the Committees occurs
from the existence of conflicts. The conflicts emerge from issues concerning
the use of water due to the multiple interests involved and provide discussions
and solutions that lead to learning. Decisions taken in the Basin Committees
are generally operating and relating to the quantity or quality of water. Social
learning is promoted by actions of technical and relational nature offered by the
exchange of knowledge and experience among stakeholders and other agents
involved.

2.18 Evaluating participation in water resource management: A

review

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Authors G. Carr, G. Blöschl, D. P. Loucks

[1] Key documents such as the European Water Framework Directive and the
U.S. Clean Water Act state that public and stakeholder participation in water
resource management is required. Participation aims to enhance resource
management and involve individuals and groups in a democratic way.
Evaluation of participatory programs and projects is necessary to assess whether
these objectives are being achieved and to identify how participatory programs
and projects can be improved. The different methods of evaluation can be
classified into three groups: (i) process evaluation assesses the quality of
participation process, for example, whether it is legitimate and promotes equal
power between participants, (ii) intermediary outcome evaluation assesses the
achievement of mainly nontangible outcomes, such as trust and communication,
as well as short- to medium-term tangible outcomes, such as agreements and
institutional change, and (iii) resource management outcome evaluation assesses
the achievement of changes in resource management, such as water quality
improvements. Process evaluation forms a major component of the literature but
can rarely indicate whether a participation program improves water resource
management. Resource management outcome evaluation is challenging because
resource changes often emerge beyond the typical period covered by the
evaluation and because changes cannot always be clearly related to participation
activities. Intermediary outcome evaluation has been given less attention than
process evaluation but can identify some real achievements and side benefits
that emerge through participation. This review suggests that intermediary
outcome evaluation should play a more important role in evaluating
participation in water resource management.

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2.19 An assessment of integrated watershed management in

Ethiopia

Gebregziabher G, Abera DA, Gebresamuel G, Giordano M, & Langan

S (2016). An assessment of integrated watershed management in
Ethiopia. International Water Management Institute (IWMI) Working Paper
170 , Colombo, Sri Lanka. DOI:10.5337/2016.214

Sustainable participatory watershed management is an approach promoted by

the Ethiopian government to restore natural resources and agricultural
productivity across the country. This comparative study between six watershed
programs shows that this approach increases farmers’ food security and incomes
(around 50% on average), as well as their resilience to drought and other
climate shocks. However, the study also confirms that the nature and scale of
impact can vary significantly between watershed programs. The success of
watershed management depends on multiple factors from the hydrological
profile of the watershed to the local social and economic environment. Tailoring
watershed interventions to the local context, associating conservation and
livelihoods activities, and providing further financial and technical support to
watershed committees are among the recommendations of this paper.

2.20 Participatory Watershed Management: A Case Study of Salaiyur

Watershed in Coimbatore, India

V. Selvi D. V. Singh

This paper presents the participatory watershed development at Salaiyur

watershed in Coimbatore District of Tamil Nadu, India. The strategies adopted
towards community organization, basic resource survey/bench mark data
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collection, plan preparation and implementation through community

participation have been discussed. Watershed interventions have helped in
increasing groundwater recharge and duration of water availability in wells. The
lining of shallow ponds with HDPE sheets resulted in significant water saving.
Introduction of drip irrigation under banana and sugarcane observed water
saving of 29 per cent. Crop Diversification Index has increased from 0.469 to
0.707 under rainfed condition and under irrigated condition from 0.59 to 0.762.
The performance of mango and tamarind was observed to be good in the pits
filled with original sieved soil + pond silt +FYM. People's participation was
high. The SHGs formed in the watershed for non-land based income generation
activities are performing very well. Watershed management becomes
increasingly important as a way to improve livelihood of people while
conserving and regenerating their natural resources. It has been observed in
India and elsewhere that, effective community participation is a must to ensure
the success and sustainability of watershed management programmes. Central
Soil & Water Conservation Research & Training Institute, Research Centre,
Udhagamandalam took up Salaiyur Watershed in Annur block of Coimbatore
District in Tamil Nadu as a model watershed for wasteland development under
Integrated Wasteland Development Programme (IWDP) during the middle of
1997. Based on the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) exercise and basic
resource survey, an integrated action plan was developed and the works are
being implemented through involvement of local community. About the
watershed The Salaiyur watershed is located at the latitude of 11°13 N and
longitude of 77°04 E. The watershed is characterized by a vast stretch of
undulating to moderately sloping lands with hilly patches with an elevation
varying from 370 m to 470 m above MSL. The average annual rainfall of the
area is about 602mm and it comes under semi-arid sub tropical climate with
high evaporative demand. The soils of the watershed in general are gravely with

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light textured red soils moderately deep to shallow. There is scarcity of

available water resources and the ground water is depleting at an alarming rate.
Participatory Planning and Implementation The programme was implemented
following a participatory approach with active community participation at
planning, execution and management levels. The bottom line concept in this
programme was to develop it into a self sustaining programme through capacity
building of the watershed community during the project planning and
implementation phase so that after withdrawal of the project, community can
keep the programme alive. Community Organisation and Capacity Building:
Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and/or Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA)
exercises were conducted in the village to gather information, diagnose their
problems, needs and priorities to arrive at a common outline of watershed
development plan. A number of meetings were organized with the Watershed
Community members in this regard and Watershed Association (WA),
Watershed Committee (WC), Self Help Groups (SHGs) and User Groups.

2.21 A CASE STUDY OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT FOR

MADGYAL VILLAGE

1 Pandurang D. Jankar, 2Dr.Mrs.Sushma S. Kulkarni

Madgyal is a small village located at distance of 25 Kms from Jath city. It lies
between North latitude 17°02’56.94” and East longitude 75° 13’8.14”. Some
measures have been adopted to recharge the ground water resources. Hence it is
planned to take such engineering and biological measures which will direct this
extra runoff to ground water storage. The most significant feature of the work is
that if such technologies are developed and adopted at larger scale in rural areas,
it will prevent thousands of villages of the country from water supply by

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tankers. Geographic information system (GIS) an essential tool for watershed

planning and management tasks. For the GIS mapping drainage network,
topography, flow path of water are to be easily locate. In the Madgyal some
measures have been adopted to recharge the ground water resources, but it has
been found that these measures don’t work with full capacity in some cases. In
the Madgyal watershed area, demand of water for agriculture and drinking
purpose is increasing rapidly depleting water resources coupled with
overpopulation. Efforts are made to divert large amount of rainwater to recharge
ground water resources. KEYWORDS: Engineering measures, Watershed
management techniques, ground water storage, Geographic information system.

2.22 Shirpur Pattern: Water Conservation and Sustainability

Kailas Vasant Patil1 , Shaik Faruk Ismail

The present paper is based on the basic research for water conservation at
Arunavati River and at the southern footage in Shirpur thesil Dhule District.
The present project is the vision of Hon. M.L.A Mr. Amrishbhai Patel (Ex.
Youth and Sport Ministry, Maharashtra state) and Dr. Suresh Khanapurkar. The
vision of Amrishbhai Patel is come into concert form by the hardwork Dr.
Khanapurkar so this pattern is also known as Amrishbhai Patel Pattern all over
the Maharashtra. The project officerDr. Khanapurkar is renowned Ex. Geologist
of Govt. of Maharashtra. The Shirpur thesil situated in 837.39 sq. km area
among which 78.7 % is cultivated land and remaining 12.94 is covered with
forest area. Out of cultivated total area 84.61% area is under irrigation. The
distribution of rainfall in Shirpur thesil is highly erratic, so this area comes in
drought prone area of the state and due to this situation made as to work on
Shirpur Pattern

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2017-18

Summary:-
1] In all reviews detail study of hydrology should be mentioned.

2] In Shirpur city watershed management by Mr.Kailas Vasnt Patil do well

project. He tell in his project ground water table level increases. He says that
construct more canal and increase ground water table level.

3] In Sangli some measures have been adopted to recharge the ground water
resources. Hence it is planned to take such engineering and biological measures
which will direct this extra runoff to ground water storage.

4] Watershed management is done with the help of irrigation system.

5] In every house rain water harvesting is compulsory by the government of

India . With the help of rain water harvesting ground water level increases .

6] Watershed management is done for agricultural purpose , drinking purpose

.

7] The strategies adopted towards community organization, basic resource

survey/bench mark data collection, plan preparation and implementation
through community participation have been discussed. Watershed interventions
have helped in increasing groundwater recharge and duration of water
availability in wells.

8] Water is an essential element to life, and must be available to meet the basic
needs of human beings. One of these needs is the production of food,
emphasizing the relevance of agribusiness agents in the management of this
natural resource. This study discusses how the management of water resources

20 | P a g e G.H.R.I.E.M Second Shift Polytechnic,

Jalgaon
Project Report on”Study of watershed management for Jalgaon District” DCE
2017-18

is being conducted by Committees of Watersheds in the State Rio Grande do

Sul, focusing on decision making and in social learning.

9] This study developed an index-based robust decision making framework for

watershed management dealing with water quantity and quality issues in a
changing climate. It consists of two parts of management alternative
development and analysis.

21 | P a g e G.H.R.I.E.M Second Shift Polytechnic,

Jalgaon