Article Wjpps 1497689524 PDF

WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
Stephen et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

SJIF Impact Factor 6.647
Volume 6, Issue 6, 1985-1996 Review Article ISSN 2278 – 4357
A CRITICAL REVIEW OF GANDOOSHA AND KAVALA VIDHI
Dr. J. Antony Stephen Raj*1, Dr. Jyothi.T2, Dr. Deepika P. Chaudhari3, Dr. Vaidehi Raole4
1,2
Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Kriya Shareera, Parul Institute of Ayurved,
Vadodara, 391760, Gujarat, India.
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Kriya Shareera, Parul Institute of Ayurved, Vadodara,
391760, Gujarat, India.
4
Professor and H.O.D, Department of Kriya Shareera, Parul Institute of Ayurved, Vadodara,
391760, Gujarat, India.
ABSTRACT
Article Received on
20 April 2017, Mouth is mirror of the general health. Oral health is related to general
Revised on 10 May l 2017, health of humans. Since inception of civilization oral diseases continue
Accepted on 01 June 2017,
DOI: 10.20959/wjpps20176-9530
to be a major health problem world-wide. Therefore it is very
important to maintain the oral hygiene for maintenance of health &
longevity of human being in particular. The techniques, which should
*Corresponding Author be monitored daily, are known as Dinacharya, which includes
Dr. Vaidehi Raole
Gandoosha and Kavala.These are prescribed regimen, which are
Professor and H.O.D,
known to maintain the health of the oral cavity as well it as to cure
Department of Kriya
Shareera, Parul Institute of diseases. In present paper, an attempt is made to review the various
Ayurved, Vadodara, Gandoosha and Kavala techniques and its benefits as well as action on
391760, Gujarat, India diseases of oral cavity.
KEYWORDS: Gandoosha, Kavala, Oral Hygiene.
INTRODUCTION
The main aim of Ayurveda is to preserve the healthy person as remains healthy and also treat
or cure the person who is suffered from illness in such a way that the disease is snatch away
from the person who have suffered.[1]
Mouth is considered as the mirror of the health of human body.[2] Oral cavity harbours
billions of microorganisms; some of these contribute to the development or progression of
systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, etc. Oral health and
www.wjpps.com Vol 6, Issue 6, 2017. 1985

general health are interrelated[3] Oral diseases continue to be a major health problem world-
wide. So it is very important to maintain the oral hygiene for maintenance of the general
health in society.[4]
Ayurveda gives prime importance to "SwasthyaSamrakshana". That means Ayurveda

explained some vidhi mainly used as preventive aspect of positive human health which
includes Dinacharya (daily routine), Ratricharya (night), Ritucharya (seasonal regimen),
Navegadharaneeya, Sadvritta (right living), Achara Rasayana (behaviours). These routine
has helped the society in general and individual in particular to overcome many diseases.
The techniques, which should be monitored daily, areknown as Dinacharya. Acharya

Vagbhata and Charaka explained about theDinacharya (daily routine). Vagbhata gives more
emphasize on Dinacharya, and he explained it’s in Dinacharya Adhyaya, which includes
Gandusa and Kavala[5], he described improper Dantadhavana as a Nidana of Mukha Roga.[6]
Acharya Charak described it’s under the heading “Swasthyavrita” means personal hygiene in
“Mattrashitiyaadhyaye” and Acharya Sushruta had oral hygiene in the
“Anagatabhadapratished”.
Various methods for maintaining oral hygiene are well explained in all classical texts of
Ayurveda. These include methods such as Dantadhavana (brushing the teeth), Pratisarana
(massaging the teeth and gums), JivhaNirlekhana (tongue cleaning), Gandoosha and Kavala
(gargling),Among these Gandoosha and Kavala have the more known efficacy to maintain
the oral hygiene and cure of the oral diseases[7,8]
Aim and objective

1. To review about Gandoosha and Kavala
2. To review the composition of drugs used for Gandoosha and Kavala in different disease.
Gandoosha and Kavala

Gandoosha and KavalaGraha are two primary and effective oral cleansing techniques and
specialized therapy to treat as well as to prevent oral diseases. The difference between the
two is only in the composition of drugs, dosage and procedure of using the drug. In
Gandooshaa medicated fluid is held mouthful for a specific period until there is lacrimation
and nasal discharge, and then the patient spits it out. In Kavalagraha, the mouth is only

three-fourths filled with the medicated fluid; the fluid is swished in the mouth for a specific
time and then spat out.[9,10]
Types of Gandoosha:
1) SnigdaGandoosha, (2) Shaman, (3) Shodhan, (4) Ropan[11,12]
Gandooshavidhi
1. The person should sit in a place devoid of breeze but in sunlight,
2. His shoulder, face, and neck should be massaged and fomented
3. Keeping his face slightly lifted up.
4.
He should hold the liquid in his mouth till the mouth gets filled with kapha (or) till the
nose and eyes become secretory, after which it is spat out.[13]
Time of karma: Early morning in every day (Nityasevana).
Common drugs used in Gandoosha: (for healthy person)

Fats (oil, ghee), milk, honey with water, sukta(fermented gruel), wine, soup of meat, urine(of
animals), or Dhanyamla, mixed with kalka, either cooked or uncooked.[14]
Goksheera: Ojovardhaka (increases general health, immunity of body), Dhatu vardhaka

(Nourishes the body tissues), Trishnagna (relief thirst), Jeevaneeya (enlivening)
Rasayana (rejuvenating, anti-aging), Medhya(Brain tonic, improves intelligence).[15,16]
Grita: Cakshusyam (good for eyes), vatapittagna (disorder of vata pitta), pleasant voice,
snehamuttamam (best for oleation). Puranaghrita cures diseases of head, ear, eyes;
vranasodhanaropana (cleans & cures varana).[17]
Tila taila: Teekshna, vyavayi (it penetrate deep into tissue), krimignam (antibiotic),
samskarasarvarogajit (appropriate processing cures all disease).[18] In conditions
like tinglingin the teeth, weak teeth, and disease of the mouth caused by Vata imbalance,
water mixed with sesame seed paste is held in the mouth[19]
Madhu: Vrana shodhana-ropanam (clean & heels the wound), chaksusyam (good for eyes),
trishnagna (relieves thirst)[20]

D
hanyamla: Hrudyam (good for heart), vatakaphapagam (mitigates kapha&vata)
sramaklamaharam(relieves fatigue & exhaustion), ruchyam (increase the taste), deepana
(increase appetite & hunger).[21]
Schedule for Gandoosha

The medicated fluid (or) medicated paste is kept in mouth with concentrated mind, without
any swiss movement till the collection of kapha in the mouth, nasasrava and netrasrava then
the fluid is spat out.[22]
Indication for Gandoosha

Dantaharsa (tingling of teeth), DantaChala (shaky teeth) Mukha Roga Vataja (disease of
mouth caused by vata). Any of the above the condition is cured by “Sukoshnamatha Sheetam
Tilakalkodakam Hitam” Gandoosha of water mixed with paste of Tila in lukewarm state of
cold.[23]
Kavala vidhi
1. The person should sit in a place devoid of breeze but in sunlight,
2. His shoulder, face, and neck should be massaged and fomented
3. Keeping his face slightly lifted up.
4. He should hold the liquid in his mouth with swiss movement till the mouth gets filled
with Kapha (or) till the nose and eyes become secretory, after which it is spat out.
Common drugs used in Kavala: (for healthy person)

Sneha (oil), milk, honey, meat juice, urine, sour gruel, hot water and kashaya are used
according to the prakruti.[24]
Schedule for Kavala

The 3/4th medicated fluid (or) medicated paste is kept in mouth with concentrated mind along
with swiss movement till the collection of kapha in the mouth, nasasrava, karnasrava, and
netrasrava then the fluid is spat out.[25]
Indications for kavala:

Shiro roga (disease of head), manya roga (disease of neck), mukha roga (diseases of osta,
danthamoola, dantha, jihwa, talu, gala, etc.), Akshi roga(disease of eyes), karna roga
(disease of ear) praseka (excessive salivation), kanta roga (disorders of throat), vaktrashosha

(dryness of mouth), and hrillasa (nausea),tantric (stupor), aruchi (anorexia), pinasa (rhinitis)
are cured specially by kavala.[26]
Common Benefits ofGandoosha & Kavala

Regular practise of Gandoosha and Kavalawith Tila Tailawill not suffer from Kantashosha
(dryness of mouth), Oshtasputana (cracking lips), Dantakshaya (loss of teeth),Dantashula
(dental pain) and Dantaharsha (sensitivity).[27]
Regular practise of Gandoosha and Kavala, results in Swarabalam (strength to voice),

Hanubalam (strength to jaws), strength to face, Ruchyam (better taste perception),
Drudadantha (strong and healthy teeth), and resistance against Doshaja or Aaganthuja
Mukharogas bad breath, decay bleeding gums, dryness of throat, cracked lips and for
strengthening teeth, gums and the jaw.[28]
Samyak Lakshana of Gandusha & Kavala

Vyadhiapachaya (disease subsides), Tushti (feeling of freshness), Vaishadya(cleansing
effect), Vaktralaghuta (lightness of mouth), Indriyaprasada (clarity of sense organs)[29]
Hinayoga lakshana of Gandusha and Kavala

Jatya (Stiffness), kaphautklesha (excitation of kapha), loss of taste.[30]
AtiyogaLakshana of Gandusa and Kavala

Mukha paka (stomatitis), sosa (dryness), trsna (thirst),arucchi (anorexia) and klama
(exhaustion)[31]
Mode of action Gandoosha and Kavala

The saliva consists of lysozyme, an enzyme and antibody IgA, which are bacteriostatic and
antimicrobial in nature. The Gandoosha and Kavala increase the pressure in the mouth,
which stimulates the stretch reflex i.e. the pressoreceptors resulting in stimulation of the
salivary nuclei in brain stem. This results in increased activity of parasympathetic motor
fibres of facial and glossopharyngeal nerves and increases the salivary output, which is
further stimulated by the chemical constituents stimulating the oral chemoreceptors and
hence the Gandooshaand kavala maintains and cures the oral environment.[32]

Diseases occur in oral cavity[33]

Disease of mouth are 65 in number, which occur in seven location of mouth such as lips-8,
gums-15, teeth-8, tongue-5, palate-9, throat-17, sarva mukha-3
1. Kaphaja Ostakopa– Kavalagrahais mention as a line of treatment.[34] Drugs prepared
with teekshna, ushna, ruksha, katu, amla, lavana rasa to pacify the shleshma.[35]
2. Upakusa-Pippali, yellow mustard, sunthi, and micula fruits all mixed with lukewarm
water should use as gargle and Grita processed with sweet (kakolyadi drugs) should use
as gargle in upakusa.[36] Scum of ghee (or) oil held in mouth in luke warm state
(sukosnaGandusa) cures the Upakusa.[37]
3. Adhimamsa- Pippali mixed with honey used as gargle.[38] Decoction of patola, nimba,
and triphala used as kavala in Adhimamsa.[39]
4. Sitada- Kashaya prepared with triphala, mustha used as kandusa.[40] Decoction of kshirini
dravya (bark of trees having milky sap) used as kavala.[41]
5. Dantavestaka-Kashayam prepared with kshirinidravyas (milky trees), with honey,ghee,
sugar used as gargle.[42]
6. CalaDanta- Gandusa with decoction of Dasamoola added with fat.[43]
7. Sausira-Kashayam prepared with kshirinidravyas (milky trees) used as gargle.[44]
Decoction of rodhra, musta, misi, srestha, taarksya, pattanga, kimsuka, and katphala
used as gargle.[45]
8. Paridara- kashaya prepared with triphala, mustha used as kandusa.[46]
9. Dantaharsa – warm gargle of fats (or) traivritaghrita, (or) Decoction of vatahara plants
control Dantaharsa.[47]
10. Dantaharsha and Dantabheda- Milk boiled with tila and madhuyasti used as
Gandusa.[48]
11. Krimidantaka-gargle with sneha (oil, ghee) used as gargle.[49] Oil mixed with eranda
kwatha used as Gandusa, (or) pain does not subsided by any treatment, tooth should be
removed after that oil added with yasti or honey should be used as Gandusa.[50]
12. DantaVidradi- decoction prepared with drugs possessing katu (pungent), teekshna,
usnadrayas used as kavala.[51]
13. Dantanadi: kashayam prepared with kshirinidravyas (milky trees) used as gargle.[52]
14. Kantaka caused by pitta is cured by gargle prepared with sweet drugs (kakolyadidravya),
kantaka caused by kapha cured by gargle prepared with yellow mustard with rock salt.[53]
15. Upajihvika-gargle prepared with yellow mustard with rock salt.[54]
16. Dustajihva- caused pitta, decoction prepared with madhura dravya used as Gandusa.[55]

17. Galasundika(enlarged uvula)-decoction of vaca, ativisa ,patha ,rasna, katuka, and

nimba used as a gargle.[56] Decoction prepared with kaphahara dravya used as
Gandusa.[57]
18. Tundikeri, Adhrusa, Mamsasanghata, Talupupputa- Decoction of vaca, ativisa, patha,
rasna, katuka, and nimba used as a gargle.[58]
19. Talusosa- Sour liquids used as Gandusa.[59]
20. Talupaka- Decoction prepared with sheeta (cold), Kashaya (astringent), madhuradravyas
(sweet).[60]
21. Arbuda- Decoction of Guduchi, nimba, mixed with honey and oil used as Gandusa.[61]
22. Kaphaja Rohini: oil cooked with svetavidanga, and danti along with salt used as
gargle.[62] Oil prepared with seeds of apamarga, sveta, danti, jantughna, saindhava used
as Gandusa.[63]
23. Pitta Rohini: Decoction of Draksha, and parusaka is used as gargle.[64] Decoction of Sita
(sugar), ksaudra (honey), priyangu, rodhra, and patanga used as kavala.[65]
24. Vataja Rohini:Luke warm oil gargle is used.[66] Decoction of panchamula used as
Gandusa.[67]
25. Sarva Kanta Roga: Decoction of srestha, vyosa, yavakshara, nimba, darvi, dvipi,
rasanjana, patha, tejini, mixed with suktha and cows urine used as Kavala, it will cure all
the kantarogas.[68]
26. Vataja Roga (sneha kavala): Drugs which possess snigdha (unctuous) and Usna(hot) are
used as kavala.
27. Pittaja Roga (shamana kavala):Drugs which possess the madhura(sweet) and
sheeta(cold) are used as kavala.
28. Kapaha Roga (shodhana kavala): Drug which possess the katu(pungent), amla(sour),
salt (lavana) are used as kavala.
29. AbhyandaraVrana: As ropanakashaya(astringent), tikta (bitter), madhura (sweet), katu
(pungent), and hot dravya used as gargle.[69]
Gandoosha and Kavala are Contra-indicated for the person who is below the age group of 5
years. Because of unawareness the will drink the drugs which will irritates the body.
CONCLUSION
Gandoosha & Kavala are the simple and economical procedure to preserve the positive
health as well cures the disease of the person, it effects as both preventive as well as curative.

Bioactive ingredients present in the drugs which we are commonly using for Gandoosha and
Kavala are having the property of Anti-inflammatory, Immuno-modulatory, and Anti-
oxidants etc.
Oral route is common way for entry of various micro-organisms, that which are going to
cause illness to oral area as well as the internal parts of the body. Gandoosha & Kavala are
two specialized techniques to prevent the entry of causative micro-organism (Preventive
aspect), and also cures the disease of oral as well as internal parts of the body (curative
aspect).
Snana (Bath) is maintain the external hygiene of the body as the same way Gandoosha and
Kavalaare upholding the internal hygiene of the body as well as cure the diseases specially
related to head,neck, ears, mouth, and eyes.
Gandoosha and Kavala vidhiare having the beneficial effects on both locally, systematically.
So,aim to evaluate the specific effects of Gandoosha and Kavala inspecific systemic manner,
can be considered for future studies.
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WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

Stephen et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Volume 6, Issue 6, 1985-1996 Review Article ISSN 2278 – 4357

A CRITICAL REVIEW OF GANDOOSHA AND KAVALA VIDHI

KEYWORDS: Gandoosha, Kavala, Oral Hygiene.

www.wjpps.com Vol 6, Issue 6, 2017. 1985

Ayurveda gives prime importance to "SwasthyaSamrakshana". That means Ayurveda

The techniques, which should be monitored daily, areknown as Dinacharya. Acharya

Aim and objective

Gandoosha and Kavala

www.wjpps.com Vol 6, Issue 6, 2017. 1986

Time of karma: Early morning in every day (Nityasevana).

Common drugs used in Gandoosha: (for healthy person)

Goksheera: Ojovardhaka (increases general health, immunity of body), Dhatu vardhaka

www.wjpps.com Vol 6, Issue 6, 2017. 1987

Schedule for Gandoosha

Indication for Gandoosha

Common drugs used in Kavala: (for healthy person)

Schedule for Kavala

Indications for kavala:

www.wjpps.com Vol 6, Issue 6, 2017. 1988

Common Benefits ofGandoosha & Kavala

Regular practise of Gandoosha and Kavala, results in Swarabalam (strength to voice),

Samyak Lakshana of Gandusha & Kavala

Hinayoga lakshana of Gandusha and Kavala

AtiyogaLakshana of Gandusa and Kavala

Mode of action Gandoosha and Kavala

www.wjpps.com Vol 6, Issue 6, 2017. 1989

Diseases occur in oral cavity[33]

www.wjpps.com Vol 6, Issue 6, 2017. 1990

17. Galasundika(enlarged uvula)-decoction of vaca, ativisa ,patha ,rasna, katuka, and

www.wjpps.com Vol 6, Issue 6, 2017. 1991

www.wjpps.com Vol 6, Issue 6, 2017. 1992

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