ENDODONTICS

- According to the American Dental Association, it is the branch of dentistry

concerning dental pulp and tissues surrounding the roots of a tooth.
 Tooth pulp is soft and consists of living blood vessels, connective tissue, and
large nerves
- ENDODONTICS CAME FROM THE GREEK WORDS “ENDO” AND “ODONT”
 Endo meaning inside
 Odont meaning tooth

ENDODONTIST
- It is a dentist who specializes in saving the teeth

HOW DO WE BECOME AN ENDODONTIST?

- Endodontists become specialists by completing two or more years of advanced
training in endodontics following dental school.

HISTORY OF ENDODONTICS
- 1985 - In Israel’s Negev Desert, archeologists discovered a 2000 year old
deceased Nabataen soldier with a one-tenth of an inch bronze wire embedded
in the nerve cavity of one of the skull’s teeth.
- First century A.D. until 1600’s - reveals early signs of endodontic treatment, which
entailed draining pulp chambers for relief and covering them with protective
coatings made of gold foil or asbestos.
- 17th century - Charles Allen wrote a book about general dentistry. The book is
called “La Chirurgien Dentist” describing the dental pulp and dispelled worm
tooth.
- 1725 - Lazare Riviere introduced the use of oil and cloves for its sedative
properties.
- 1746 - Pierre Fauchard described the removal of pulp tissue.
- 1820 - Leonard Koecker cauterized exposed pulp with a heated instrument and
protected it with lead foil.
- 1836 - Shearjashub spooner recommended arsenic trioxide for pulp
devitalization.
- 1838 - Edwin Truman introduced gutta-percha as a filling material.
- 1908 - Dr. Meyer L. Rhein, a dentist in NYC, introduced a technique for
determining canal length and level of obturation.
- After 1910 - they started drugging them with the pain and they invented radio
graphic machines that were being perfected at the time. Then they started to
get x-ray machines that helped them with finding out exactly the way the tooth
sat or the pulp.
- 1940s - they realized that devitalized tooth did not play a role in the causation of
systemic disease.
 - 1963 - Endodontics was recognized as the eighth dental specialty by the
American Dental Association.

PERSONALITIES INVOLVED IN ENDODONTICS

1. Dr. Louis Grossman

- Known as the father of endodontics

- Studied at the University of Pennsylvania Dental School then went to undertake

further studies at the University of Rockstal Dental School

- By 1950, Dr. Grossman and others like him eventually put an end to the needless
extraction of millions of teeth. In the same year, Endodontics became the
accepted treatment and the preservation of the dentition a priority for dental
profession.

2. Dr. Emabel Sibayan-Jugo

- Outstanding President of PDA Specialty Affiliate, Endodontic Society of the

Philippines - Philippine Dental Association, 2017

- 7th Place Philippine Dentist Licensure Examination - Professional Regulation

Commission, 1998

ENDODONTIC TREATMENTS
1. Root Canal Treatment

- It is a procedure to relieve dental pain and save your teeth.

- This treatment is needed when there is inflammation or infection in the roots of a
tooth.
- During the treatment, the endodontist carefully removes the pulp inside the
tooth, cleans, disinfects and shapes the root canals, and places a filling to seal
the space.

2. Endodontic Retreatment

- It is a procedure done because of improper healing of the root canal treatment.

3. Endodontic Surgery

- Endodontic surgery can be used to locate small fractures or hidden canals

previously undetected on X-rays during the initial treatment.
- Surgery may also be needed to remove calcium deposits in root canals, or to
treat damaged root surfaces or the surrounding bone of the tooth.
- SURGICAL PROCEDURE – APICOECTOMY
o It is sometimes called endodontic microsurgery
because it is often done using an operating
microscope.
 o It is an endodontic surgical procedure whereby a
tooth's root tip is removed and a root end cavity is
prepared and filled with a biocompatible material.

4. Traumatic Dental Injuries

- It is often caused by sports injury

- The the majority of these injuries are minor chipped teeth

5. Dental Implants

- - If an endodontic procedure can’t save your tooth and it must be extracted,

you should consider a dental implant that will enable you to bite and chew
properly, keep healthy teeth from shifting, and help you maintain a natural
appearance.

EQUIPMENTS USED
1. Dental Pulp Testers – It is used to illustrate pulp health
through sensibility or vitality tests

2. Apex locators – It is used to measure the length of the root

canal via the position of the apical foramen

3. Machine assisted obturation – It provides fast and

continuous flow of filling materials via a gun or refillable
cartridge, adjustable temperature settings, quick
heating elements and variable power settings
 4. Dental Microscope

- It is used for magnification and illumination

provided by the operating microscope aids with
caries removal, access preparation, removal of
pulp chamber calcifications, identification of root
canal orifices, identification of cracks and fracture
lines

CLINICAL CASES
1. ROOT CANAL TREATMENT

- Serious teeth pain when eating or when you put pressure on the area
- Teeth pain and sensitivity to hot or cold that lingers after the hot or cold stimuli
have been removed
- A small, pimple-like bump on the gums near the area of teeth pain
- Darkening of the tooth
- Tenderness or swelling in the gums near the area of teeth pain

2. ENDODONTIC RETREATMENT

- Extra, oddly shaped or restricted canals in the root of the tooth

- A delay in placing a protective crown on the tooth
- Failure of the tooth restoration
- A new infection from new decay
- A crack or fracture in the tooth

3. ENDODONTIC SURGERY

- Continuous pain after a professional cleaning

- Increased sensitivity to hot and cold
- Pain and tenderness to touching the teeth or chewing
- Swelling and drainage of gums around the tooth
- Abnormal discoloration of a specific tooth
- Appearance of dental abscess at the bottom of the tooth root
- There is a tiny bump near the tooth

4. TRAUMATIC DENTAL INJURY TREATMENTS

- Trauma
- Wear and Tear
- Tooth fracture
5. DENTAL IMPLANTS

- A severely cracked tooth or a broken tooth

- Missing one or more of your natural teeth
- A sunken-in look to your facial appearance
- Teeth aren’t functioning properly when chewing, eating, and/or speaking