Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology (2019)

A Feasibility Study in Constructing a Pedestrian

Overpass from Limketkai Gateway to Ayala-Gaisano
Foot Bridge
Hanna May M. Jimenez, Margaux Ingold A. Lee
April Rose L. Migullas*, James Elmer N. Panlaan and Engr. Joseph
Cloyd L. Lamberte
College of Engineering and Architecture
University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines
C.M. Recto Ave., Lapasan, Cagayan de Oro City, 9000 Philippines
*aprilmigullas09@gmail.com

Date received:
Revision accepted:
___________________________________________
Abstract

This study investigates the feasibility of providing a safety crossing for the
pedestrians along CM Recto Avenue, Lapasan, Cagayan de Oro City,
specifically aimed at investigating the need of constructing a pedestrian
overpass along the area where various industries like university, malls and
condominiums are found. A survey was conducted to 387 pedestrians along
the location under study and the pedestrians strongly agreed to put up a
pedestrian overpass along CM Recto Avenue for their safety and convenience
in terms of safe travel through walking. The design of the pedestrian overpass
including its estimated cost is presented and a cost-benefit analysis was done
to know the feasibility or infeasibility of the proposed project. Cagayan de
Oro is a fast-growing city and the construction of an overpass in CM Recto
Avenue is an advantage for both pedestrians and the government to cope with
the road safety demand of the populace.

Keywords: Pedestrian; Overpass; Feasibility; Safety; Convenience

 H. M. M. Jimenez et al. / Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology (2019)

1. Introduction

Pedestrian bridges have been one of the most efficient solutions to road
congestions, traffic and accidents involving pedestrians. It’s also useful in
linking buildings and destinations like schools, malls, other recreational
facilities and areas separated by highways or freeways, where at-grade
crossing is not permitted. The city of Cagayan de Oro is one of the most
progressive and well-developed cities in Mindanao. However, due to the
increase of population that resulted to high volume of vehicles and traffic
congestion, there is also an increase in the number of accidents between
vehicles and pedestrians.

This thesis focuses on the proposed construction of a connecting pedestrian

bridge from Limketkai Gateway to Ayala-Gaisano footbridge. Observation,
analysis, and investigation on the pedestrians in the location were sought for
the analysis of the study. The highway along C.M. Recto Avenue from Ayala
– Gaisano Mall leading to Limketkai Gateway in Lapasan, Cagayan de Oro
City was the location of the study.

Figure 1. Site location plan

Location of the
Pedestrian Overpass

This study shows significance in recognizing the factors which contribute to

the use of pedestrian overpass by the pedestrians. This study would reveal the
implications of constructing a pedestrian overpass along Limketkai Gateway
to Ayala-Gaisano Mall in order to give safety and convenience passage to the
pedestrians who are crossing the highway. The study is aimed at improving
the local mobility for non-motorized modes of transportation as well as
prevent the number of road accidents involving pedestrians. In line with this,
the proposed project would provide neighborhood connectivity among the
commercial structures in the area.
 H. M. M. Jimenez et al. / Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology (2019)

2. Methodology

The structure was analyzed with the use of STAAD software where
specifications according to the locations were inputted in the system. The
designs for the different structural parts of the pedestrian overpass were based
from the values obtained in the STAAD software after the analysis of the
structure. The parameters used in the design were in accordance with the ACI
specification codes, National Structural Code of the Philippines and Load and
Resistance Factor Design.

3. Results and Discussion

The survey results shown below illustrates the analysis and tabulations of our
survey conducted along CM Recto Avenue. This provides the information
and suggestions among the pedestrians we surveyed in which are involve in
this study.

Table 1. Tabulation of Survey Output

TABULATION OF SURVEY OUTPUT
NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS
QUESTION TOTAL PERCENTAGE
YES NO YES NO
Do you often cross at C.M
329 58 85% 15%
Recto Avenue?
Do you ever find yourself
safe and convenient
173 214 45% 55%
whenever crossing at the
C.M Recto Avenue?

Do you use a pedestrian overpass when crossing one place to another?

NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS
It is safe and
264 68%
convenient
Too hot to
53 14%
YES walk
Can save
29 7%
money
Others 4 1%
TOTAL 350 90%
Time
56 14%
consuming
I'll just walk
faster or ride 17 4%
a jeepney
NO
Not safe and
convenient 13 3%
during night

Tiresome 25 6%
Others 2 1%
TOTAL 113 29%

Do you think constructing a

pedestrian overpass at
C.M. Recto (Limketkai 343 44 89% 11%
Gateway to Ayala-Gaisano)
would be favorable?
 H. M. M. Jimenez et al. / Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology (2019)

As tabulated in Table 4.1, result shows that among the 387 number of
respondents, 329 (85%) answered “YES”, and 58 respondents (15%)
answered “NO”, respectively on the question, “Do you often cross at C.M
Recto Avenue?”. This means that majority of the respondents often cross at
C.M. Recto Avenue.

Figure 1. Pie Char Result for Question 1

As for the second question “Do you ever find yourself safe and convenient
whenever crossing at the C.M Recto Avenue?”, it was manifested in the
tabulated data that there was a large number of people who answered yes
rather than no. Despite this, it was evident that there was only a minor
difference in the result for it showed that 214 respondents (55%) answered
NO and 173 (45%) answered YES.

Figure 2. Pie Chart Result for Question 2

Next, we asked questions to the respondents whether they habitually use the
pedestrian overpass when crossing from one place to another. A great number
of people preferred to use the overpass as a mean to be safe when crossing
the other side of the street, in fact, 350 (68%) answered YES while 113 (14%)
answered NO for the reason that it is time consuming and tiresome.
 H. M. M. Jimenez et al. / Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology (2019)

Figure 3. Bar Chart Result for Question 3 (YES)

Figure 4. Bar Chart Result for Question 3 (NO)

Lastly, we asked the respondents whether the construction of a pedestrian

overpass at C.M. Recto would be highly favorable. 343 people (89%)
answered YES while only 44 (11%) answered NO. With all the data presented
and tabulated, it is evident that there is a need to construct a pedestrian
overpass given its significance to people crossing the streets.

Figure 5. Pie Chart Result for Question 4

 H. M. M. Jimenez et al. / Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology (2019)

As a result, it is an evident that there is a need to construct a pedestrian

overpass given its significance to people crossing the streets, where majority
of pedestrians strongly agreed on constructing a pedestrian overpass along CM
Recto Avenue.

3.1 Beam Design

The whole structure consists of seven (7) designs of beam. Torsional force is
one of the considerations taken in designing the beams. Each reinforcing bar
should have at least a minimum spacing of 25 mm in order to achieve the
desired beam design.

3.2 Pier Design

The pier design is a hammerhead pier but designed similarly with the beam,
which involves the appropriate design criteria, material properties and loads
of the pier. Spacing of the reinforcement must be considered to acquire the
most efficient design of the pier.

3.3 Column Design

In designing the column, the steel ratio was considered to proceed in obtaining
the number of reinforcing bars needed for the column. The steel ratio should
be within the range of 0.01 to 0.08. Not only that, but the design of the pitch
spacing of the column was also considered.

3.4 Slab Design

In designing the slab, design parameters and material properties which were
referred from NSCP 2015 were obtained to be able to have the design
calculation needed. In calculating the moments from the supports and the mid
span of the slab, we were able to get the steel ratio needed in calculating and
designing the reinforcements of the slab which include the number of rebar
and its spacing.

3.5 Pile Cap Design

To compute the number of piles needed for a single column, one must check
the maximum load of the column from all the load combinations applied.
Maximum load can be found on the design envelope in the STAAD software
used to analyze the structure. The design criteria such as the compressive
strength of concrete and yield strength of the steel were also determined. Then,
the physical properties of the pile cap were obtained. These physical properties
 H. M. M. Jimenez et al. / Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology (2019)

are composed of length of the pile, spacing, concrete cover, and column and
pile parameters. By these, we were able to solve the design shear and moment
with the use of the Punching Shear Stress and the Wide Beam Shear Stress
formula. With the use of the moment obtained, the steel area and the number
of reinforcements were then identified respectively.

3.6 Base Plate Design

We designed our base plates with the required design parameters such as plate
properties, the allowable yield strength, and the maximum shear force that
can be found in STAAD. We considered the properties of the base plate like
the height and the length based on what is given in STAAD. In determining,
the base plate thickness, we considered the moment of inertia of both the X
and Y direction, the forcer per unit length along the area and the allowable
shearing stress which results to Fv = 0.60 Fy.

3.7 Number of Bolts

We were able to determine the number of bolts required for the beam
connectivity with the design parameters used like the maximum moment, the
properties of the bolt, the base plate, and the allowable bearing stress. For the
allowable bearing stress, since it is identified as a double shear, we used k =
145 MPa. We assumed that the bolts will carry the full moment. The
maximum moment was attained in STAAD.

3.8 Weld Connection

Another method in connecting two I beam in our design was through welding.
In welding connectivity, the design parameters required were the properties
of the wide flange, and the maximum shear force that the fillet can resist
which can be found in STAAD. We considered using E60 for our electrodes.
We can now acquire the thickness of our fillet.

3.9 Estimated Cost

The estimated cost of the project was based upon the detailed cost estimates
of the different item of works done in accordance with the Specifications from
the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) Detailed Unit Price
Analysis. Based on the calculation, the total project cost was equivalent to
Php 74, 318, 956.44.
 H. M. M. Jimenez et al. / Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology (2019)

3.10 Cost Benefit Analysis

In analyzing the cost benefit of the project, the initial investment for the
project or the project cost must be estimated, and annual benefits and
maintenance difference must be calculated to be able to know the annual net
flow of the project. The three economic indicators which are the Net Present
Value (NPV), the Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) and the Internal Rate of Return
(IRR) are considered to measure the economic viability of the project
proposed for construction or improvement. A positive NPV, a BCR exceeding
to (1) and an IRR greater than the opportunity cost of capital indicates that
the project is economically feasible. Based upon the calculated NPV, BCR
and IRR equivalent to 1,578,553, 1.0246, and 19.2844 respectively, the
values obtained fit into the criteria in making the study feasible.

4. Conclusion and Recommendation

The researchers of the study were concerned on both convenience and safety.
Results show that 68% of 387 respondents use pedestrian overpass because
of its convenience and safety. Furthermore, the data showed that 89% of 387
respondents strongly agreed on constructing a linking pedestrian overpass not
just to serve as a solution for traffic problems but also for the safety and
convenience of pedestrians’ in arriving from one destination to another. In
constructing the pedestrian overpass, the researchers have presented that it
would cost up to Php 74,318,956.44 based upon the plan and estimated cost.
The results of the study exhibit that the pedestrian overpass is one of the
alternatives which appears to be the most appropriate solution.

From drawing out the conclusions and identifying the limitations encountered
in the study, the researchers suggests the following recommendations. A copy
of this study must be submitted to the local government so that they may
evaluate the results of this study in the hope of realizing the research into an
actual project. For future researchers, drainage design system must be
considered to improve the study. Local ordinance must conduct traffic
information and educational campaign for the drivers and pedestrian to
prevent increasing number of road accidents within the area and a copy of
this study was submitted to Honorable Maximo B. Rodriguez, congressman
of the second district of Cagayan de Oro City, for a possible allocation of
fund.

5. Acknowledgement

This research project was made possible by the civil engineering students for
their course requirement on Special Topics in Civil Engineering: Hanna May
 H. M. M. Jimenez et al. / Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology (2019)

M. Jimenez, Margaux Ingold A. Lee, April Rose L. Migullas and James Elmer
N. Panlaan with the help of their adviser, Engr. Joseph Cloyd L. Lamberte.

6. References

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Safety in Jordan. Retrieved from
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Galit, N., Mendoza, K., Orlanes, J., & Ybat, N. (2009). A Feasibility Study pf
Construction of Pedestrian Bridge in Mindanao University of Science and
Technology. Retrieved from University of Science and Technology of
Southern Philippines TEA Library

Hidayah, N. & Kadzim, B. (2012). A Study on Effectiveness of Pedestrian

Bridge Utilization. Retrieved from
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/14470/1/FKASA%20-
%20NURUL%20HIDAYAH%20KADZIM.PDF

Junet, N. (2012). User benefit analysis of main pedestrian bridges in Kuantan

Town Centre. Retrieved from http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/7883/

National Structural Code of the Philippines 2015 Edition