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Published by UNESCO Bangkok
Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education
Mom Luang Pin Malakul Centenary Building
920 Sukhumvit Road, Prakanong, Klongtoey
Bangkok 10110, Thailand

© UNESCO 2011
All rights reserved

ISBN: 978-92-9223-390-7 (Print version)


ISBN: 978-92-9223-391-4 (Electronic version)

The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the
expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country,
territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
The authors are responsible for the choice and the presentation of the facts contained in this book and for the
opinions expressed therein, which are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the organization.

Copy-editing: : Ellie Meleisea


Design/Layout/Illustration: Warren Field
Front cover photo: © Mamun Mahmud Mollick/Bangladesh
Printed in Thailand

APL/11/OS/038-800
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Workshop 4 Health and Nutrition

# and
Nutrition
PURPOSE OF THE WORKSHOP

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SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES

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$FWLYLW\ Problem-solving
$FWLYLW\ Demonstration

MATERIALS REQUIRED

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clean towel, toothbrush, toothpaste or salt or baking soda).

KEY POINTS

 
      
 
  

         
    
following the birth.


       

 





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diseases. Caregivers should help children develop
 
    
soap before eating and after using the toilet.
 
 

    
of death and illness in children under
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