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On the tactics of sabotage and terrorist acts (DTA) - 06/15/2006
Analysis of the materials of the investigation of terrorist acts committed on the territory of the Russian Federation
makes it possible to single out the most characteristic signs of their preparation. In all known cases, the sites of the
DTA were previously studied by terrorists and their accomplices.

Typical signs of preparation for terrorist acts:

 video and photography facility;
 observation (including using technical means - binoculars, telescopes);
 mapping the object and ways to approach it;
 an attempt to obtain data on the security and defense system of the object;
 search for the possibility of acquiring, purchasing or the presence of explosives (their components),
explosives that can be used in the manufacture of improvised explosive devices (IEDs), as well as regular
ammunition, including artillery, and weapons;
 acquisition of batches of electronic clocks of various systems, receivers (pagers) and small-sized radio
stations;
 the purchase of popular models of domestic production (VAZ-2101, 2103, 2106), primarily second-hand,
without notarization for the right to use;
 evasion of the renewal of the purchased cars in the prescribed manner through the REO traffic police;
 neglect of the technical condition, and especially the appearance of the purchased car;
 Installation of duplicate, auxiliary and temporary systems on vehicles that cast doubt on their necessity
(fuel, electrical equipment);
 collection, purchase of various metal objects (nuts, bolts, parts of ball and roller bearings, etc.);
 the emergence of persons whose behavior is seen as a study of the situation, an increased and at the
same time weakly motivated interest in certain aspects of the activity of the object of a possible terrorist
action;
 deriving from the surrounding information about the operation mode of the object, the order of access to it;
 penetration into the basements and into the attics of multi-storey buildings of persons who have no relation
to them;
 leaving or unpacking abandoned packages, bags, bundles in public places;
 the presence of objects hidden under clothes;
 expressing intentions to implement DTA;
 attempts to change the appearance, including with the help of makeup, false mustaches, wigs, dressings,
frequent, unmotivated change of outerwear, the acquisition of necessary accessories to change the
appearance;
 purchase, availability of documents with different installation data;
 a proposal to perform insignificant work for substantial remuneration: driving the car, carrying a package
(bag, convolution, etc.), sending a package, including passengers of railway or road transport.
In the tactical model of a terrorist’s actions when a DTA is performed using an IED, the following typical
stages can be distinguished:
 Object reconnaissance.
 The choice of the method of DTA and performers. At the same time, depending on the goals of the terrorist
organization, the executors can pay in advance as waste material.
 Bringing the plan of operation to the performers and their additional psychological treatment. In this case,
the performers are encouraged that the action is completely safe.
 Implementation of the deployment of auxiliary forces, including for carrying out activities to ensure the
withdrawal, security or liquidation of the executor of a terrorist action.
 Carrying out a promotion.
The arsenal of methods used by terrorists to improve DTA is very wide:
 laying improvised explosive devices in cars, basements of houses or apartments;
 installation of land mines, camouflaged under the elements of the road surface or fencing;
 suicide bombers who can be used as drivers of vehicles filled with explosives, or themselves may be
carriers of IEDs; -
  the seizure of an aircraft with the aim of ramming objects;
 the use of swimming and flying equipment.
When laying land mines in the first place are considered: camouflage for road repair work, the work of gardeners,
etc. The laying of the VCA is made in manholes and under the road surface.

From the materials of the DTA investigations, there are options for ways of placing IEDs: a “shahid belt” (on the
chest, on the thigh, on the waist, including imitating pregnancy) in a camouflage product (for example, handbags;
video camera; man's diplomat).

Recently, for the perpetration of terrorist actions in the metropolitan areas, the illegal armed groups prefer the use
of fighters-suicide bombers, whom they refer to as “strategic weapons”. Suicide bombers are, in most cases, young
men and women of 20-35 years old. On the assignment of suicide bombers, as a rule, are sent in pairs (one is the
performer, the second is the controller). If the performer fails something or changes his mind to die, the controller
must eliminate the executor. The destruction of a suicide bomber is planned in the event that he is unable to
penetrate the protected object. In this case, the destruction of a suicide bomber is carried out by blasting explosive
devices carried by him using a remote device. Their use gives a huge advantage because: firstly, such actions
almost always lead to numerous victims; secondly, they are always in the focus of the media, which advertises their
commitment to self-sacrifice; thirdly, the use of suicide tactics ensures that the attack takes place at the most
appropriate time, with a specific choice of target for its explosion (destruction); fourthly, there is no need to prepare
escape routes; fifth, there is no fear that the perpetrator will fall into the hands of justice and extradite the
organizers.

Practice shows that in the territory of the Russian Federation the terrorists do not go to the DTA in a pronounced
national dress. The main task of the militants is to dissolve in the crowd and not to draw attention to themselves. A
characteristic feature of several high-profile terrorist acts committed by suicide bombers in the summer is clothing
that does not correspond to the weather, is spacious, designed to hide the "shahid's belt."
Peculiarities of behavior when terrorists live in apartments:
 live practically without leaving the premises (it is forbidden to communicate with neighbors, even if they
themselves want to make contact);
 there are no signs of everyday life in the apartments, there is no music, the sounds of a working television,
no everyday conversations, no sound of economic activities. Garbage can be carried by other people who
bring food, or the inhabitants of an apartment at night;
 lack of cosmetics for women, except for hair coloring products;
 the presence of characteristic foods designed specifically for Muslims. Ideally, the suicide bomber should
not eat "unclean" food, products should be purchased only in special places.
In order to solve the tasks of preventing and preventing terrorist acts using various means of undermining, including
IEDs, the study and analysis of terrorist tactics and standard models of their actions under various conditions are of
great importance.

A large role in the prevention of terrorist acts can play the actions of both public organizations and ordinary citizens.
An analysis of the conduct of large-scale acts suggests that a timely response by citizens to signs of terrorist
activity could significantly increase the capacity of security agencies and law enforcement agencies to detect and
prevent acts of terrorism. At the same time, it is necessary to warn citizens against attempts to self-study
suspicious objects (for example, abandoned cars, bags, packages, etc.). In case of detection, you must
immediately contact the relevant authorities. Only by joint efforts of state authorities, public organizations and the
entire civil society can the criminal aspirations of the leaders of terrorist organizations be suppressed.

If you become aware of an impending or committed crime, immediately inform the FSB or the Ministry of
Internal Affairs.

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Recommendations to citizens on actions under the threat of committing a terrorist act

The purpose of these recommendations is to help citizens properly navigate and act in extreme
and emergency situations, as well as to ensure the creation of conditions conducive to the
investigation of crimes. Anyone should accurately represent their behavior and actions in
extreme situations, psychologically be prepared for self-defense.
DETECTION OF A SUSTAINABLE SUBJECT, WHICH MAY BE PROVIDED BY AN
EXPLOSIVE DEVICE
Recently, there have been frequent cases of detection by citizens of suspicious objects that may
be explosive devices. Such items are found in transport, on staircases, near the doors of
apartments, in institutions and public places. How to behave when they are detected? What
actions to take?

If the detected object should not, in your opinion, be in this place, do not disregard this
fact.

If you find a forgotten or abandoned thing in public transport, interview people nearby. Try to
establish who she is and who could have left her. If the owner is not installed, immediately
report the discovery to the driver (driver).

If you find an unknown item in the entrance of your house, ask the neighbors, it may be theirs. If
the owner is not installed - immediately report the finding to your police station.

If you find an unknown item in the facility, immediately report the find to the administration or
guard.

In all listed cases:

 do not touch, do not move, do not open the detected object;
 fix the time of detection of the object;
 try to do everything possible so that people move as far as possible from the find;
 Be sure to wait for the arrival of the investigative team (remember that you are a very
important witness);
Remember: the appearance of the subject can hide its real purpose. The most common
household items are used as camouflage for explosive devices: bags, packages, boxes, toys,
etc.

Parents! You are responsible for the life and health of your children. Explain to the
children that any item found on the street or at the entrance may be dangerous.

Do not undertake any actions with finds or suspicious objects that may turn out to be
explosive devices - this could lead to their explosion, numerous victims and destruction.
OBTAINING EVACUATION INFORMATION
The evacuation message may be received not only in case of detection of an explosive device
and liquidation of the consequences of a terrorist act, but also in case of fire, natural disaster,
etc.

When you receive a message from the authorities or law enforcement officials about the
beginning of the evacuation, be calm and follow their commands clearly.

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If you are in an apartment, follow these steps:
 Take personal documents, money, valuables;
 Turn off electricity, water and gas;
 Assist in the evacuation of elderly and seriously ill people;
 Be sure to close the front door to the castle - this will protect the apartment from the
possible penetration of marauders.
Do not allow panic, tantrums and haste. Leave the room in an orderly manner.

Return to the abandoned premises only after the permission of the responsible persons.

Remember that the life and health of many people will depend on the coherence and clarity of
your actions.
BEHAVIOR IN THE CROWD
 Avoid large crowds.
 Do not join the crowd, no matter how much you want to look at the events.
 If you are in a crowd, let it carry you, but try to get out of it.
 Breathe in deeply and spread your arms bent at the elbows slightly to the sides so that
the rib cage is not squeezed.
 Strive to be away from tall and large people, people with bulky objects and large bags.
 Try to stay on your feet by any means.
 Do not keep hands in pockets.
 Moving, lift your legs as high as possible, put your foot on the full foot, do not mince, do
not stand on tiptoe.
 If the crush has become threatening, immediately, without hesitation, you will be free
from any burden, first of all from a bag on a long belt and a scarf.
 If something is dropped, in no case bend down to pick it up.
 If you fall, try to get back on your feet as quickly as possible. Do not lean on your hands
(they will be crushed or broken). Try even for a moment to stand on the soles or on the
toes. Having found support, "emerge", sharply pushed off from the ground by feet.
 If you can not get up, curl up, protect your head with your forearms, and cover the back
of your head with your palms.
 Once in a crowded room, determine in advance which places are most dangerous when
an emergency situation arises (passageways between sectors in the stadium, glass
doors and partitions in concert halls, etc.), pay attention to emergency exits, mentally
make your way to by him.
 The easiest way to hide from the crowd in the corners of the hall or near the walls, but
more difficult to get from there to the exit.
 When a panic occurs, try to keep calm and the ability to soberly assess the situation.
 Do not join the rally "for the sake of interest." First, find out if the rally is sanctioned, for
which people are speaking up.
 Do not join unregistered organizations. Participation in the activities of such organizations
may incur criminal penalties.
 During the riots try not to get into the crowd, both participants and spectators. You can
get under the actions of special forces soldiers.
CAPTURE IN HOSTAGES
By any coincidence, anyone can be held hostage by criminals. In this case, criminals can
achieve political goals, ransom, etc.

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In all cases, your life becomes the subject of bargaining for terrorists.

Capture can occur in transport, in an institution, on the street, in an apartment.

If you are held hostage, we recommend that you adhere to the following rules of behavior:
 unexpected movement or noise can be violently repulsed by terrorists. Do not allow
actions that could provoke terrorists to use weapons and lead to human casualties;
 get ready for terrorists to use eye patch, gags, handcuffs or ropes
 endure hardships, insults and humiliation, do not look the criminals in the eye (for a
nervous person, this is a signal to aggression), do not behave provocatively;
 do not try to resist, do not show unnecessary heroism, trying to disarm the bandit or
break through to the exit or the window;
 if you are forced to leave the premises, saying that you are taken hostage, do not resist;
 if there are children with you, find a safe place for them, try to close them from random
bullets, if you are close to them;
 if necessary, follow the demands of criminals, do not contradict them, do not risk the lives
of others and your own, try not to allow hysteria and panic;
 in the event that medical care is needed, speak calmly and briefly, without irritating the
gangsters, do not do anything until you get permission.
REMEMBER: YOUR GOAL - STAY IN THE LIVE
Be careful, try to remember the signs of criminals, the distinctive features of their faces, clothes,
names, nicknames, possible scars and tattoos, speech patterns and behaviors, conversations,
etc.

Remember that having received a message about your capture, the special services have
already begun to act and will take everything necessary for your release.

During the operation of your release, the special services strictly observe the following
requirements:
 lie on the floor, face down, close your head with your hands and do not move;
 in no case do not run to meet the employees of the special services or from them, as
they may take you for a criminal;
 If possible, stay away from door and window openings.
If you are captured as a hostage , remember that your own behavior may affect your treatment.
 Keep calm and composure. Determine what is happening
 The decision to resist or abandon it must be balanced and correspond to the danger of
the superior forces of terrorists.
 Do not resist. This may entail even more cruelty.
 Be on your guard. Focus your attention on sounds, movements, etc.
 Engage in mental exercises.
 Get ready for the "Spartan" living conditions:
o inadequate food and living conditions;
o inadequate toilet facilities.
 If possible, be sure to follow the rules of personal hygiene.
 If you have health problems, make sure that you take the necessary medications with
you, inform the guards about your health problems, and if necessary, ask for medical
assistance or medication.
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  Be prepared to explain that you have any documents, telephone numbers, etc.
 Do not let your mind weaken. Develop a program of possible exercises (both mental and
physical). Constantly train your memory: remember the historical dates, the names of
familiar people, phone numbers, etc. As much as the strength and space of the room
allow you to exercise.
Ask the guards if you can read, write, use personal hygiene products, etc.
If you are given the opportunity to talk with relatives on the phone, keep yourself in hand, do not
cry, do not shout, speak short and to the point. Try to establish contact with the guards. Explain
to them that you are a person too. Show them pictures of your family members. Do not try to
deceive them.

If the guards do not go to the contact, talk as if to yourself, read the verses in a low voice or
sing.

Be sure to keep track of time, noting with the help of matches, pebbles or dashes on the wall
past days.

If you find yourself locked in any room, then try to attract someone's attention. To do this, break
the window glass and call for help, if there are matches, set fire to the paper and bring it closer
to the fire detector, etc.

Never lose hope for a happy outcome. Remember, the more time passes, the more chances
you have to save
USE OF AIR TRANSPORT
If possible, try to take a seat at the window in the tail of the aircraft.

Minimize registration time.

Move closer to any shelters and exit.

Examine nearby passengers, pay attention to their behavior.

Discuss with family members the actions in a standard airplane hijacking situation.

Try not to visit retail outlets and food outlets located outside the airport security zone.

Immediately inform the flight crew or security area personnel of unclaimed baggage or
suspicious activities.

In case of an attack on an airport:

 Use any available shelter.
 Fall even into the dirt, do not run.
 Close your head and turn away from the side of the attack.
 Do not help the security forces if you are not completely sure of the effectiveness of such
actions.
AT CAPTURE OF PLANES BY TERRORISTS
Present possible capture scenarios and your possible behavior in doing so. Do not panic under
any circumstances, do not jump, stay in a chair. Do not engage in bickering with terrorists, do

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not provoke them to use weapons, in the absence of special training, do not try to neutralize
terrorists on your own, keep your neighbors from doing so.

Get over the humiliations and insults that terrorists can subject you to.

Do not discuss with the passengers belonging to terrorists.

Avoid anything that might draw attention to you.

If among the passengers there are crying children or sick moaning people, do not express your
discontent, keep yourself in hand. Any flash of negative emotions can explode an already
heated situation.

Do not drink alcohol.

Whatever happens, do not try to intercede for the crew members. Your intervention can only
complicate the situation.

Never resent the actions of the pilots. The crew is always right. Order flight attendant - the law
for the passenger.

Do not believe the terrorists. They can say anything, but pursue only their own interests.

Behave yourself. Think not only about yourself, but about other passengers.

If you see that one of the crew members has left the plane, in no case do not attract the
attention of other passengers to this fact. The actions of the crew may notice the terrorists.

If possible, be prepared for the start of the special operation to liberate the aircraft, if by indirect
evidence you felt that negotiations with them did not produce a result.

If a rescue operation is undertaken, try to assume such a position that the terrorists could not
grab you and use you as a human shield: fall down or hide behind the chair, clasping your head
with your hands and stay there until you are allowed to rise.

Note: Security forces may mistake anyone who moves as a terrorist.

Leave the plane as soon as possible. Do not stop to find personal items.

Be prepared for the fact that you have to answer the questions of investigators, and remember
in advance the details of what happened. This will help the investigation and save your own
time.
ACTIONS AT THREAT OF PERFORMANCE OF TERRORIST ACT
Always control the situation around you, especially when you are at transport facilities, cultural,
entertainment, sports and shopping centers.

If you find forgotten things, without touching them, inform the driver, the facility personnel, the
security service, the police. Do not try to look inside a suspicious package, box, or other object.

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Do not pick up ownerless things, no matter how attractive they look.

Explosives can be camouflaged in them (in beer cans, cell phones, etc.). Do not kick on the
street objects lying on the ground.

If suddenly the activation of the security forces and law enforcement agencies began, do not
show curiosity, go the other way, but not running, so that you will not be mistaken for the enemy.

When an explosion or firing begins, immediately fall to the ground, preferably under cover (curb,
trading tent, car, etc.). For greater security, cover your head with your hands.

Accidentally finding out about the impending attack, immediately report it to law enforcement.

If you become aware of an impending or committed crime, immediately inform the FSB or
the Ministry of Internal Affairs

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How to behave when kidnapping and becoming a hostage of terrorists

The recommendations of the staff of the Special Purpose Center of the Federal Security Service
of Russia expressed at a meeting with schoolchildren and the teaching staff of the Retro School
of the Eastern Administrative District of Moscow on October 15, 2004.
WHAT SHOULD YOU DO IF YOU HAVE ANY KNOWLEDGE IN HOSTAGES?
Unfortunately, none of us are protected from a situation where we may be held hostage by
terrorists. At the moment, detailed recommendations and requirements for how to behave, if you
were taken hostage has not yet been developed. But general recommendations can be given. If
you are held hostage, you need to pay attention to the following points:
AT CAPTURE:
As the development of events showed when the hostages were taken at Nord-Ost and Beslan,
only at this moment there is a real opportunity to escape from the scene. Perhaps this applies
mainly to adults who can soberly assess the situation around them. If there is no terrorist near
and there is no possibility of defeat, you cannot just stand still. If there is such an opportunity, it
is necessary to escape from the place of the intended capture.
IF YOU HAPPENEDLY CAPTURED:
You need to tune in that instantly no one will free you. You need to psychologically adjust
yourself for a long stay near the terrorists. It is necessary to firmly know that in the end you will
definitely be released. It must also be remembered that for the special forces officers in the
first place is the life of the hostages, and not their own life . Being close to terrorists, it is
necessary to establish common psychological contact with them. You don't have to talk to them.
But in no case should we shout, express our indignation, cry loudly, because very often the
terrorists are under the influence of narcotic drugs and are generally very excited. Therefore,
crying and shouting act on them extremely negatively and cause them extra aggression. You
need to adjust yourself to the fact that for quite a long time you will be deprived of food, water
and possible movement. Therefore, you need to save power. If there is not enough air in the
room, it is necessary to move less in order to save oxygen more economically. If you are
forbidden to move around the building, you need to do some simple physical exercise. Just
straining the muscles of the arms, legs, back - that is, you need to force yourself to move. In
addition, it is necessary to force your brain to work in order not to withdraw into itself and not
lose psychological control. Remember the contents of books, solve math problems, if someone
knows prayers, he can pray. At the same time, it is necessary to be firmly aware that
negotiations are under way with the terrorists and, eventually, you will definitely be
released .
DURING STORM:
If you understand that the assault has begun, you must take a position away from windows and
doorways (when fired, shattered glass and building structures can cause additional injuries).
You also need to stay away from the terrorists, because during the assault on them our snipers
will work. No need for personal bravado. Most people do not have special training, so do not
have to grab a weapon so that you are not confused with the terrorists. If you hear the claps of
bursting light-noise grenades, when bright light hits your eyes, the sound hits your ears or you
smell a sharp smell of smoke, you just need to fall to the floor, close your eyes, never rub them,
cover your head with your hands and wait until the officers of the special units take you out of
the building.
SEPARATE OUR WISHES:
If you are held hostage, try to record all the events that accompany the seizure. Remember
what the terrorists are talking to each other, what they look like, who their leader is, what their

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plans are, what their roles are. This information will continue to be very important for us. Often,
terrorists try to escape, so they dress up as hostages, trying to save their lives.
QUESTIONS ASKED BY CHILDREN EMPLOYEES OF TSSN FSB RUSSIA:
Can personal protective equipment help?
Do not use gas balonchiki, stun guns and other means, because they are very big and angry
people that the child can not resist.

And an adult?
Specially not prepared, too, will not be able to provide decent resistance.

If a bomb was hung on a person, what signs do you need to give?

There are no specially installed signs, but in any case, if there is a bomb on you, if you are
handcuffed, you need to make it clear to the security forces without panic in your voice or hand
movement. When planning special operations, we carry out monitoring of places of detention.
Therefore, if you regularly repeat “A bomb on me, a bomb on me ...”, those who need it will hear
it.

What if a terrorist trying to save his life, put a gun to his temple?
Only one thing, to fulfill the demands of a terrorist and wait for you to be released. Your main
goal is to save your own life.

What to do if a gas checker hit the room where hostages and terrorists are located?
Fall to the floor. If there is any wet cloth, cover it with your face to make breathing easier. If there
is no water, then use your own urine.

What to do if you were under the rubble?

If suddenly there was an unauthorized explosion, and you were falling asleep, you must
determine the free space in which you could move. If possible, if there is a wreck of the table,
desks at hand, try to reinforce what is above you. And wait. No need to make attempts to get
out from under the rubble. Analysis of debris as a general rule, we made the top-down. A minute
of silence is set every hour. When various mechanisms have ceased to work, it is necessary to
shout loudly, declare oneself.

What to do after release?

You need to be identified. Contact the special services officers who performed the release
operation. They will help you to transfer the information you have to your destination and further
undergo a course of medical rehabilitation. (People taken hostage are experiencing the
consequences of post-traumatic syndrome. Specialists' help is simply necessary for such
people).

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