PERHITUNGAN KUDA - KUDA

MENDIMENSI GORDING

Berat Atap (usuk+genteng+reng) = 50 kg/m2

Berat gording = 50 kg/m2 x 2,14 m = 107 kg/m

Qx = 107.cos 350

= 87,649 kg/m

Mx= 1/8.qx.L3

= 1/8.87,649. (33) = 295,815 kg.m = 29581,5 kg.cm

Beban Berguna

P = 100 kg

Px = P.cos 250 = 100.cos 350 = 81, 915 kg/m

Mx= ¼.Px.L =1/4.81,915.3 = 61,439 kg.m = 6143,6 kg.cm

Beban angin = 40 kg/m2

Tekanan angin = (0, 02 α-0,4).40

= (0,02.35-0, 4).40 = 12 kg/m2

Qx =12.2,14

= 25,68 kg/m

Mx = 1/8.25, 68. (33)

= 86, 67 kg.m = 8667 kg.cm

Kombinasi Pembebanan

a+ b = Mx = 29581,5 + 6143, 6 = 35725,1 kg.cm

a + c = Mx = 29581, 5 + 8667 = 38248, 5 kg.cm

dipakai Mx terbesar = 38248, 5 kg.cm

Wx = 1/6.b.h2 missal b = 2/3 h

= 1/6.(2/3 h).h2

=1/9.h3

Dimensi gording

It = MX/Wx  168, 75 = 38248, 5

1/9.h3

h3 = 38248,5.9

168, 75

h3 = 2039, 92

h = 3√2039, 92 = 12, 68 cm ∞ 14 cm

b = 2/3.h

= 2/3.12, 68

= 8,45 cm ∞ 8 cm

Maka dipakai kayu ukuran 8/14 cm

Control

It = Mx = 38248,5 = 146, 36 kg/cm < it = 168, 75…….. OK

Wx 1/6.8.142

Control Lendutan

Fizin = 1/300 L = 1/300.300 = 1 cm

Ix = 1/12.b.h3 E = 1, 25 x 105kg/cm

= ½.8.143 = 1829, 33
Fx = 5 . qx. L4 + 1 . Px. L3

384 E.Ix 48 E.Ix

= 5 . 0, 876. (3004) + 1 . 0, 819. (3003)

384 1, 25 x 105.1829, 33 48 1,25x 105x1829, 33

= 0, 40 + 0, 60 = 1 cm = F izin = 1……..OK

Dipakai gording ukuran 8/14 cm

PEMBEBANAN KUDA- KUDA

Pembebanan yang terjadi pada setiap titik buhul

1. Bs gording = (0, 08 x 0, 14 x 900) x 3, 00 = 30, 24 kg

2. Bs kuda-kuda = 7x 3, 50 x 3, 00 = 73, 5 kg

3. Bs genteng (penutup atap) = 50x2, 14x 3, 00 = 321 kg

4. Bs plafond+ penggantung = 18 x 2, 14x 3,00 = 115, 56 kg

5. Beban hidup = 100 kg +

0 = 640, 3 kg

∞ 640 kg

Beban pada titik buhul (G)

Beban pada tumpuan (tepi) ½ Q = ½ . 640 = 320 kg

Beban pada titik buhul Q = 640 kg

Pembebanan angin

Angin tekan (w)

Koefisien angin tekan = (0, 02 α - 0,4)

 = (0, 02 35 – 0,4)

W angin tekan = 0, 3 x 40 x 3 x 2,14

= 77, 04 ∞77 kg

W pada titik buhul = 77 kg

W pada tumpuan = ½ . 77 = 38, 5 kg

Angin hisap (W’)

Koefisien angina hisap = - 0, 4

W angin hisap = - 0, 04 x 40 x 3 x 2, 14

= - 102, 72 kg ∞ - 103 kg

W pada titik buhul = - 103 kg

W pada tumpuan = ½ (103) = 51, 5 kg

DIMENSI RANGKA BATANG

BATANG TARIK

Batang 5, 6 (Tarik)

Pmax = 1506, 396 kg

L = 3, 50 m

Berat plafond + penggantung = 18 kg/m2

Jarak antar kuda-kuda = 3m

Q = 18 x 3 = 54 kg/m

Mmax = 1/8 x q x L2

= 1/8 x 54 x 3, 52 = 82, 688 kg.m = 8268, 8 kg.cm

Faktor reduksi kuda-kuda  ß = 1 γ = 5/4 Bj = 0, 9

Tr//R = 130 x 5/4 x 1 = 162, 5 kg/cm2

Perlemahan alat sambung gigi dan baut diambil 25 %

Misal  b = 8 cm

Fn = b. h. 0, 75 = 6 h

Wn= 1/6 .b.h2. 0, 75

= 1/6. 8. h2. 0, 75 = h2

α= tr // = 130 = 0, 867

lt 150

tr//R= P + α. M

Fn Wn
 162,5= 1506, 396 + 0, 867. 8268, 8

6h h2

162,5.h2 = 251, 066 h + 7169, 05

h2 - 1,545 h – 44, 117 = 0

h1,2 = 1, 545 ± √(1, 545) – 4. 1. (- 44, 117)_

2.1

= 1, 545 ± 13, 374

h1 = 7, 460 cm (memenuhi) ∞12 cm

h2 = - 7, 460 cm (tidak memenuhi)

 Jadi dipakai kayu ukuran 8/12 cm

Tinjau berat sendiri = 0, 08 x 0, 12 x 900 = 8, 64 kg/m

Tinjau berat plafond = 18 x 3 = 54 kg/m

Q = 62, 64 kg/m

M = 1/8. q. L2

= 1/8. 62, 64. (3,52) = 95, 918 kg.m = 9591, 8 kg.cm

Wn = 0, 75. 1/6 . b. h2

= 0, 75 .1/6 . 8. 122 = 144

Control Tegangan

Ds// = P + α.M

Fn Wn

= 1506, 396 + 0, 867 x 9591, 8

 8x 12 144

= 73, 442 kg/cm2 < ds//r = 162, 5 kg/cm2

Control Lendutan

Fizin = 1/300. 350 = 1, 167 kg/cm

I = 1/12.b.h3 = 1/12. 8. 123 = 1152 cm4

F=5 x q. L

384 E.I

=5 x 0, 626. 3505

384 1,25.105 x 1152

= 0, 849 kg/cm < Fizin = 1, 167 kg/cm…………….OK

BATANG TEKAN

1. Batang 1, 2, 3, 4 (tekan)

Pmax = 1637, 132 kg

L = 2, 14 m

Faktor reduksi ß= 1, γ= 5/4

Misal b 2/3 h

Imin = 1/12. b. h3

= 1/12. 2/3 h. h3 = 1/18. h4

Imin = tr. P. L2

1/18.h4 = 130x 1, 637 x (2, 142)

1/18.h4 = 974, 585

 h4 = 17542, 53

h = 11,509 cm ∞ 12 cm

b = 2/3 h

= 2/3. 17, 509 = 7, 673 cm ∞ 8 cm

 Dipakai ukuran 8/12 cm

Control tegangan

Imin = 0, 289. b = 0, 289 x 8 = 2, 312

Λ = L = 214 = 92, 561  W = 1, 83

Imin 2, 312

ds//= P. W = 1637, 132 x 1, 83 = 31, 208 ∞ 32 kg/cm2

Fbr 8 x 12

tk//R = ß. γ.ds

= 1. 5/4. 32 = 40 kg/cm2

ytb= 1637, 132

8 x 12

= 17, 053 kg/cm2 < tk//R = 40 kg/cm2………………OK

2. Batang 7 dan 9 (tekan)

Pmax = 625, 942 kg

L = 2, 14 m

Imin = 1/18. h4

Imin = tr. P. L2

1/18.h4 = 130. 0, 626 . (2,142)

1/18.h4 = 372, 688

h3 = 6708, 384

h = 9, 05 cm ∞ 12 cm

b = 2/3 h = 2/3. 9, 05 = 6, 033 cm ∞ 6 cm

dipakai kayu ukuran 6/12

kontrol tegangan

Imin = 0, 289. b = 0, 289.6 = 1, 734

Λ=L = 214 = 123, 414  W = 2,5

Imin 1,74

ds// = P. W

F.br

= 625, 942 x 2,5 = 21, 734 ∞ 22 kg/cm2

6 x 12

tr//r= ß. γ.ds

= 1. 5/4. 22= 27,5 kg/cm2

ytb= P

F.br

= 625, 942 = 8, 694 kg/cm < tr//r = 27, 5 kg/cm2………………OK

6x12

3. Batang 8 (tekan)

Pmax = 656, 177 kg

L = 2, 5 m

Imin = 1/18. h4

Imin = tr. P. L2
1/18.h4 = 130. 0, 656 . (2, 52)

1/18.h4 = 533

h4 = 9594

h = 9, 897 cm ∞ 12 cm

b = 2/3. h

= 2/3. 9, 897 = 6, 598 cm ∞ 6 cm

 Dipakai kayu ukuran 6/12 cm

Kontrol Tegangan

Imin = 0, 289. b = 0, 289. 6 = 1, 734

Λ= L = 250 = 144, 175  W

Imin 1,734

PENYELESAIAN

Periksa perbandingan bentang pelat lantai

Ly = 500 = 1, 25……….OK

Lx 400

Dimana untuk perhitungan penulangan 2 arah Ly < 3

Lx

Tafsiran tebal pelat berdasarkan table……….

………digunakan Bentang Bersih Terpendek

Mencari tebal pelat (h)

Bentang AB = menerus
Perletakan sendi-sendi

- Tinggi manfaat diasumsikan

h = Lx = 400 = 10, 8 cm ∞ 11 cm

37 37

Jadi tebal pelat diambil 11 cm

Bentang Teoritis (Lx dan Ly)

- Dari data = Tebal pelat tp (h) = 12 cm  h

Lebar penumpu balok = 20 cm  b

- Bentang pelat terpendek (Lx)

Lx = Lx + h = 400+12= 412 cm= 4, 12 m

Lx= Lx + b = 400+20= 420 cm = 4, 20 m

Dimana = Lx < jarak (dari pusat tumpuan ke tumpuan)

Maka Lx yang digunakan

Lx= Lx + h = 400+ 12= 412 cm =4, 12 m

- Bentang pelat terpanjang (Ly)

Ly =-Ly + h = 500+12 =512 cm = 5, 12 m

Ly= Ly + b = 500+20 = 520 cm = 5, 20 m

Maka Ly yang digunakan =

Ly= Ly+ h = 500+ 12 = 612 cm= 6,12 m