MODIBBO ADAMA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY,

YOLA
GEG 210 APPLIED MECHANICS LAB REPORT
GROUP 15 A and B
AEE/15U/1025
CHE/15U/0943
CHE/15U/0950
CHE/15U/0949
CVE/15U/0690
CVE/15U/0691
EEE/15U/0542
EEE/15U/0543
MCE/15U/0841
MCE/15U/0843
EXPERIMENT NO.1; MECHANICS OF MACHINES
INTRODUCTION: A mechanism is a system of bodies connected
in such a manner to enable transmission of forces and motion.
The mechanism of bodies or object is made up of three part,
these are:
1. Link/ element: This is the smallest unit of machinery
2. Pairs: They are two links or elements in contract between
which rotation motion is possible.
3. Kinematic: This is a collection of pair linked together
capable of transmitting forces and motion.
Mechanics is very important in engineering because everything
is achieved through mechanism. Mechanics has two branches:
1. Kinematic: The motion of a body without reference to it
cause of movement.
2. Dynamics: The motion of a body with reference to it cause
of motion.
AIM: To compare the movement of crank and slotted lever
mechanism with quick return mechanism in converting rotary
motion into reciprocating linear motion.
APPARATUS: Crank and slotted lever mechanism
Quick lever mechanism
PROCEDURE: 1. The apparatus was set to zero for both cam and
Follower.

2.The cam was carefully moved using the knob behind the rotating disc to 30 and
the reading was taken on the follower and recorded in mm respectively.

3. Step 2 was repeated until a position with intervals 30 degree Celsius and their
corresponding displacement in mm.

4. The reading obtained for the two apparatus was recorded in a tabular form.

5. A graph was plotted of cam against follower to show their relationship.

Quick lever Quick lever Crank and Crank and

mechanism mechanism slotted lever slotted
mechanism mechanism
s/n Drive () Drive (mm) s/n Drive () Drive (mm)
1. 0 0 1. 0 0
2. 30 5 2. 30 8
3. 60 17 3. 60 37
4. 90 43 4. 90 89
5. 120 57 5. 120 106
6. 150 73 6. 150 107
7. 180 78 7. 180 94
8. 210 69 8. 210 75
9. 240 51 9. 240 54
10. 270 29 10 270 33
11. 300 13 11 300 16
12. 330 3 12 330 4
13. 360 0 13 360 0
Quick lever mechanism also called (whit worth) mechanism it is an
apparatus that convert circular motion (rotating motion following a
circular path) into reciprocating motion. Linear motion in prasses and
shaping machines which are utilize to shape, stock of metal in to flat
surface throughout mechanical engineering.

The mechanism consist of knob attach to a rotating disc that moves at

a controlled uniform speed unlike the crank the arm of the mechanism
runs at a different speed rate than the rotating disc .by having the disc
run at the different rate than the attached arm , productivity increases
because amount of time needed for a cut is reduced .

The design of this mechanism specializes in a vector and calculus and

the physical aspect of kinematics (i.e study of motion without the
effect of forces ) and dynamics (i.e the study of forces that affect
motion).

Also, during the early nineteenth century, cutting method involve

hand tools and cranks, which were often lengthing in procedure. Joseph
Whit worth changed this by creating the quick lever returned
mechanism in the mid-1800’s using kinematics, he determined that the
force and geometry of the rotating joint would affect the force and
motion of the connected arm . From an engineering stand point the
quick lever return mechanism unpacted the technology of the industrial
revolution by minimizing the duration of a fall revolution this reduces
the amount of time required for a cut or prass.
 When using a machine that involves this mechanism, it is very
important to not force the machine into reaching its maximum of
capacity, otherwise the machine will break. The durability of the
machine is related to the size of the arm and the velocity of the disc
where the arm might not be flexible enough to handle a certain speed.

In order to drive the force vector of these mechanisms, one must

approach a mechanical design consisting of both kinematic and
dynamic analyses.

APPLICATION: Quick return mechanisms are found throughout the

engineering industries in different machine;

1. Mechanical actuator
2. Revolver mechanical
3. Slotters

DESIGN DIFFERENCES: In the quick lever the mechanism consist of an

arm attached to a rotating disc that moves at a controlled uniform
speed while in the crank the arm of the mechanism runs at a different
rate than the disc.

The quick return mechanism was modeled after the crank and slider
arm, and this is present in its appearance and function. However, the
crank is usually hand powered and the arm has the same rate
throughout an entire revolution whereas the arm of a quick return
lever mechanism return at a faster rate. The quick return allows for the
arm to function with less energy during the cut than the initial cycle of
the disc.