MDMSP#1 (Stresses: Simple, Variable, Combined, etc.

) BASAEN, RG 1
LINX ENGINEERING 4. SHEAR STRESS
I N T E R N A T I O N A L  Single shear
nd
2 Floor CMFFI Old Bldg., 815 R. Papa St. Sampaloc, Manila
r
Tel. No. 7368670 F 1 sheared
F section
t
d F
MACHINE DESIGN `
(1.0 Stresses: Simple, Variable, Combined, etc.)
F
(Prepared by: Engr. Romulo Vicente D. Basaen)  where A = (/4) d2
A

Preferred Units  Double shear

F/2 2 sheared
S.I. Units F
sections
Forces N; kN; kgf
F/2
Linear Dimensions mm; m; cm d t
Deformations mm; cm F
Moments N-mm; kN-m F
Areas mm2; m2  where A = 2(/4) d 2

Stresses MPa; kPa; kg/cm2 A

Moduli of Elasticity GPa; MPa; kPa
Shear deformation
English Units F s
Forces lb; kip FL
Linear Dimensions in; ft
 s 
Deformations in.
L AG
Moments lb-in; kip-in; kip-ft s = shear deformation
Areas in2; ft2 F
G= shear modulus of
Stressess psi; ksi elasticity or modulus of
Moduli of Elasticity psi; ksi rigidity
Note:
1 MPa = 1 N/mm2 Relationship between G and E:
1 ksi = 1000 psi  = Poisson’s ratio of the
E
0.101325MPa = 14.7 psi
G material ( typically 0.25 to
2(1   ) 0.3 for metals)

5. PUNCHING SHEAR STRESS

1. TENSION
A F F
L
t t  
A A
F
F F FL
t  t A = (circumference of hole)
AE x (thickness of plate)
where
F = applied load A = Dt
D
L = original length of the member
A = original cross sectional area of the
member
6. TORSION
t = axial elongation
E = modulus of elasticity  Torsional or twisting stress
T
(Esteel = 30 x 106 psi)

2. COMPRESSION T

A r D 
L F L
c 
c A
Tr
 max  (at the outermost surface of shaft)
F F FL J
c 
c = axial contraction AE Maximum torsional stress for a round shaft
16T
 (for a solid shaft) d
D 3
3. BEARING OR CONTACT STRESS
16TD
F  (for a hollow shaft) d D
F  (D 4  d 4 )
t
d
Angle of twist (torsional deformation)
F TL
b  Bearing area  ; in radians
A (projected area of the
JG
contact surface ); 
where: J D 4 for solid shaft, and
(Ab = dt) 32
 MDMSP#1 (Stresses: Simple, Variable, Combined, etc.) BASAEN, RG 2
8. SHEAR STRESS IN BEAMS

J ( D 4  d 4 ) for hollow shafts V = vertical shearing force
32 VQ Q = moment of area

Ib I = rectangular moment of inertia
b = width of beam at the section
Thermal deformation
considered
 T  Lt : (+) for heating
(- ) for cooling This shear stress  is maximum at
the neutral axis, while the bending
 = coefficient of thermal expansion stress  is zero at the said axis.
(mm/mm-°C) For a beam of rectangular section
L = dimension of the member
t = change in temperature 3V
 max 
Note: 2A
If the above deformation is prevented to For a beam of circular section of dia D
occur due to some restriction, said deformation is
converted to a load deformation. The member is 4V
 max 
then under a thermal stress, T. 3A
[T = L(t)] = [P = (PL/AE)], where  = P/A=
T; thus the resulting thermal stress is 9. VARIABLE STRESS

T = E(t) Stress Smax

Sa
Sm
Power, torque and angular speed relations:
0 Sa No. of cycles
Power  (Torque) x( AngularSpeed ) Smin
English Units: where
T = torque transmitted (in-lb)
S max  S min
Power 
T (n) N = angular speed (rpm) Sm  = mean or average stress
63025 Power = transmitted power (hp) 2

S.I. Units S max  S min

T = torque transmitted (N-mm)
Sa  = alternating stress
T ( n) 2
Power  6 N = angular speed (rpm)
9.549 x10
Power = transmitted power (kW) Sa Line of Failure
BENDING Sn (Soderberg line)
 Shear and moment values Line of safe
- use the area method Sn / N stress
V2  V1  Area load ;  ();  ()
M 2  M 1  Area shear Sa

0 Sm
load: w  dV (slope of the shear Sm Sy /N Sy
dx Sy / N-Sm
diagram )
shear: V 
dM (slope of the moment Points of failure of a tested ductile specimen with mean
dx and alternating stress values.
diagram ) Soderberg equation
1 Sm S
7. BENDING OR FLEXURAL STRESS   K f a (For ductile materials)
N Sy Sn
Mc

I Goodman equation
1 Sm S
M  M
EI  Kf a (For brittle materials)
M N Su Sn

where
M = bending moment
N = factor of safety
c = distance of the stressed fiber from the
Smax = maximum induced stress
neutral axis
Smin = minimum induced stress
I = rectangular moment of inertia of the
Sm = mean or average stress
beam’s cross section from the neutral axis
Sa = alternating stress
Sy = material’s yield point
Su = material’s ultimate point
Sn = endurance strength
 MDMSP#1 (Stresses: Simple, Variable, Combined, etc.) BASAEN, RG 3
Kf = fatigue strength reduction factor
K f  1  q( K t  1) 2. The equivalent maximum stress of the last
combination can be determined with the aid
Kt = stress concentration factor of the two Maximum stress theories: the
q = notch sensitivity factor Maximum Shear stress sheory and the
Maximum Normal stress theory.
1
q A. Combined Normal Stresses
a
1
r e F

a = factor dependent upon material’s Su

r = radius of the stress raiser
A A
10. IMPACT STRESSES
Impact stresses are solved by means of the
usual equations S = P/A or Ss = Tr/J or S = Mc/I;
where the loads involved are affected by the
equivalent impact load P below: Smax
where:
Impact Loads: F
1. Free falling rigid body striking an S1  
A
elastic body
Mc
Analysis: S2 
Potential Energy = Strain Energy I
1 F Mc
W (h   )  P S max   
2 A I
 2hk 
P  W 1  1   = factor for column

 W  action

B. Combined Shear Stresses

2. Rigid body moves horizontally
Analysis:
Kinetic Energy = Strain Energy e F
1W 2 1
v  P
2 g 2 1 2
+
Wv 2 k c.g.
P 3
g
Note:
Above formulas are based on maximum
conditions, i.e. the mass of the body absorbing the
impact is neglected. If this mass is considered, the
resulting impact load P should have been smaller. F
where
P = equivalent impact load absorbed 1 2
h = height of free fall +
c.g.
v = striking velocity
W = weight of the rigid body 3
 = deformation due to the impact load
g = gravitational constant
k = spring constant (stiffness) of T = F(e)
elastic body Maximum shear stress on rivet 3:
load P P
k  or 
deformation  y +
c.g. where
Ss1 = direct shear stress
F
+ Ss1  (constant for each rivet)
Ss2 As
11. COMBINED STRESSES Ss1
θ Ss2 = secondary shear stress
A. Combined Normal Stresses SsR T
B. Combined Shear Stresses S s2  ( max for the farthest rivet)
C. Combined Normal and Shear Stresses Jc
Note:
J c  ( As  2 ) : A= (/4)d2
1. The first two are treated by means of
a resultant stress. The equivalent
maximum stress of the combination SsR = resultant shear stress
is the resultant of the stresses S sR  ( S s1  S s 2  2S s1 S s 2 cos )
2 2

involved.
 MDMSP#1 (Stresses: Simple, Variable, Combined, etc.) BASAEN, RG 4
16  2  FD  
C. Combined Normal and Shear Stresses 2

Ssmax   T    
If a shear stress is combined to a normal D 3   8  
stress, from the Maximum Shear Stress Theory  
the resulting maximum shear stress is:
Flexural and torsional loads
 2  S 2 
Ssmax  S s     : eqn 1 M T M
  2  
If a shear stress is combined to a normal D
stress, from the Maximum Normal Stress Theory
the resulting maximum normal stress is:
T
S  2  S 2 
S max   S s     : eqn 2 S
Mc 32 M
 Ss 
Tr 16T

2   2   I D 3 J D 3

where: S  2  S 2 
S = normal stress applied (F/A or Mc/I) from S max   S s    
Ss = shear stress applied (F/As or Tr/J) 2   2  
Ssmax = maximum shear stress

 
Smax = maximum normal stress
16
Combined loads for a shaft: S max  M  T2 M2
The following load combinations may apply D 3
simultaneously to a shaft:
1. Axial and flexural loads
 2  S 2 
2. Axial and torsional loads and from Ssmax  Ss    
3. Torsional and flexural loads
  2  
4. Axial, torsional and flexural loads

Axial and flexural loads

Ssmax 
16
D 3
T 2
M2 
M M
F Axial, flexural and torsional loads
F D
M T M

F
F
Mc F 32  FD  D
S max    3 
M 
I A D  8 
T
Axial and torsional loads Mc F 32  FD  Tr 16T
S   3 
M  ; Ss  
I A D  8  J D 3
T

F S  2  S 2 
F D from S max   S s    
2   2  
T
F 4F Tr 16T
S  Ss   16  FD  FD  
2
A D 2 J D 3 S max  M   T  M 
2
 
D 3  8  8  
 
S  2  S 2 
from S max   Ss      2  S 2 
2   2   and from Ssmax  Ss    
  2  

16  FD  FD  
2

S max    T 
2
 
D 3 16  2  FD  
2
 8  8  
 T  M 
  Ssmax   
D 3   8  
 
also, from
 S 
2

Ssmax  Ss 2    
  2  
 MDMSP#1 (Stresses: Simple, Variable, Combined, etc.) BASAEN, RG 5
13. What is the maximum moment formula for the beam loaded as
shown?
MD#1: STRESSES L/2 P

Prepared by: Engr. Romulo Vicente D. Basaen L

A. PL
PROBLEMS B. PL/2
1. Compute for the stress in MPa on a 3 cm diameter, 100 C. PL/8
cm long steel rod if its elongation caused by an axial D. PL/4
load is 0.12 cm. 14. (Apr 2002). Find the maximum moment of the beam loaded as
A. 175 B. 196 shown:
C. 248 D. 287 w
2. Calculate the elongation, in inch of a solid steel shaft,
SAE1030 carbon steel, 2-7/8 inches in diameter and 5 L
feet in length that is supporting a direct tensile load of A. wL2
60,000 lbs, stress concentration factor Kt=1.47 and the B. wL2/4
yield strength is 40,000 psi. C. wL2/8
A. 0.0235 B. 0.0152 D. wL3/4
C. 0.0185 D. 0.0169 15. A horizontal simply supported beam, 16 ft long, is subjected to a
3. Calculate the maximum stress in ksi induced on the load of 5000 lb located at its center. The dimensions of the beam
above shaft. are 2” x 4” and its weight may be considered to be uniformly
A. 10.5 B. 11.6 distributed at 100lb/ft. Find its flexural stress.
C. 12.3 D. 13.6 A. 52,200 psi
4. What is the resulting factor of safety in problem 5? B. 25,200 psi
A. 2.9 B. 4.5 C. 30,600 psi
C. 3.4 D. 5.3 D. 22,500 psi
5. A bolt is subjected to an axial shock loading and the 16. Determine the size of a horizontal section of a square bar, which
supplied load equals 12 kN. Assuming allowable stress is to be held firmly at one end and to support a weight of 1600
of 55 MPa, determine the size of the bolt required. Use kg at the other end. The bar is to be 1 m long and is to be made
a stress concentration factor of 1.8 from steel with a yield strength of 500 MPa. Use a factor of
a. 18.67mm b. 26.67mm safety of 3 and a stress concentration factor of 1.3.
c. 32.5mm d. 22.35mm a. 41.5x41.5mm b. 60.4x60.4mm
6. (Apr 1997). How many 5/16 inch holes can be punched c. 90.2x90.2mm d. 28.3x28.3mm
in one stroke in a steel plate made of SAE 1010 steel, 17. A steel band saw blade is 0.7mm thick. Find the value of the
7/16 inch thick using a force of 55 tons. The ultimate bending stress when the blade is passing around a pulley of 450
strength for shear is 50 ksi. mm diameter. Use E = 206,900MPa.
A. 3 B. 4 a. 160.92MPa b. 321.8MPa
C. 5 D. 6 c. 482.77MPa d. 724.14MPa
7. (Oct 1997). What pressure in tons is required to punch a 18. The derivative of the moment equation is which of the
hole 2 inches in diameter through a ¼ inch thick steel following?
plate? a. bending moment of the beam
A. 20 B. 30 b. shear load of the beam
C. 40 D. 50 c. tensile strength of the beam
8. (Oct 1997). Determine the minimum diameter of a taper d. load of the beam
pin to use in fixing a lever to a 2” diameter shaft if it is 19. For a W14x43 wide flange structural steel designation, 14
to transmit a torque of 700 in-lb. Use an allowable represents:
stress of 15 ksi. a. Width b. Thickness
A. 4.2 mm B. 5.2 mm c. Depth d. Weight per unit
C. 6.2 mm D. 8.2 mm length
9. A brass liner is 270 mm diameter when the temperature
is 17ºC. If the coefficient of linear expansion of the 20. A cantilever member, 40 mm long, has a rectangular cross
brass is 1.9 x 10-5/ºC, find the temperature to which the section of 20mm x 100mm and supports a load of 6000N at the
liner should be heated in order to increase the diameter free end. What is the maximum shear stress?
by 2mm. a. 7.2 MPa b. 3.6 MPa
A. 407 0C B. 410 0C c. 4.5 MPa d. 2.4 MPa
C. 354 0C D. 390 0C 21. A cantilever member, 40 mm long, has a circular cross section
10. A prismatic steel bar at 500ºF is embedded in a rigid of 100mm diameter and supports a load of 6000N at the free
concrete wall. The bar is 40” long and has a cross- end. What is the maximum shear stress?
sectional area of 0.4 in2. What is the axial force in the a. 1 MPa b. 3 MPa
bar it if its temperature is reduced to 100°F? The c. 2 MPa d. 4 MPa
coefficient of thermal expansion is 5x10-6 /°F.
a. 5000 lb 22. This is the maximum stress that a member, subjected to a
b. 8000 lb completely reversed load, can withstand for an indefinite
c. 24,000 lb number of load applications without failure.
d. 32,000 lb a. Alternating stress b. Finite stress
11. A hollow nickel-steel shaft, whose outside diameter is c. Endurance limit d. Ultimate stress
twice the inside diameter, is to transmit 1492kW at 23. Stress that is independent of external loads; it may be harmful or
220rpm. The shaft is subjected essentially to torsion. beneficial and affects markedly the fatigue strength of machine
Assuming an allowable shear stress of 224MPa, members.
determine the size of the hollow shaft required. a. Tensile stress b. Compressive
a. Do=125.65mm b. Do=116.24mm stress
c. Do=225mm d. Do=178.6mm c. Creep stress d. Residual stress
12. What is the maximum moment formula for the beam
loaded as shown? L/2 P
24. Calculate the factor of safety resulting from the following stress
L values: yield strength, Sy = 60 ksi; endurance strength, Sn = 20
ksi; average stress, Sm = 15 ksi; and alternating stress, Sa = 10
A. PL ksi.
B. PL/2 a. 1.75 b. 0.75
C. PL/8 c. 0.57 d. 1.33
D. PL/4
 MDMSP#1 (Stresses: Simple, Variable, Combined, etc.) BASAEN, RG 6
25. (Apr 1997). A link has a load factor of 0.8, the surface 37. A round bar made from SAE 1025 steel is to support a direct
factor of 0.92 and the endurance strength is 28 ksi. tensile load of 50,000 lb. Using a factor of safety of 4 and
Compute the alternating stress of the link if it is neglecting stress concentration, what is the required diameter of
subjected to a reversing load. Assume a factor of safety the rod? Use Sy = 40,000psi.
of 3. a. 2 ½ in. b. 2 9/16 in.
a. 8150 psi b. 9333 psi c. 5 in. d. 5.25 in.
c. 10920 psi d. 7260 psi 38. (Apr 2002). Find the shearing stress of a rectangular steel tank
26. (Apr 1997). The shaft whose torque varies from 2000 with dimensions L=800 mm. W 100 mm, H=400 mm. A force
in-lb to 6000 in-lb has a 1.5” diameter and a yield 2000 kN is applied at the edge of the tank which is welded at the
strength value in shear of 60,000 psi. Compute the bottom.
shaft’s mean stress. A. 6,250 kPa B. 50,000 kPa
a. 6810 psi b. 5162 psi C. 25,000 kPa D. 60,000 kPa
c. 6036 psi d. 5550 psi 39. A solid steel rod, 50 mm in diameter and 300 mm long at a
27. (Apr 1997). A stepped shaft made of SAE 1117 steel temperature of 25ºC, is firmly secured at each end so that
with an ultimate strength of 69.7 ksi. The notch expansion is fully restricted. Taking the coefficient of linear
sensitivity factor is 0.983 and 0.00435 is the constant expansion of steel as 1.2 x 10-5/ºC and its modulus of elasticity
dependent upon the ultimate strength. Check the radius as 206 GN/m2, determine the stress set up if it is heated to
of the stress raiser. 150ºC.
a. 0.192 b. 0.25 A. 390 x 106 N/m2 B. 410x106N/m2
6 2
c. 0.386 d. 0.775 C. 309 x 10 N/m D. 145x106 N/m2
28. A section of a shaft diameter d is joined to a section of 40. In the LRT project, steel railroad rails of 10 meters long are to
another diameter with a fillet which produces an actual be installed. If the lowest temperature considered is 18°C and a
stress concentration factor of Kf = 1.22 for the shaft in maximum temperature of 38°C is designed for, determine the
torsion. Take Sys = 560 MPa and Sn’ = 375 MPa. Using clearance between rails such that the adjoining rail will just
a size effect factor of 0.85, a surface finish factor of touch at maximum design temperature. Assume a coefficient of
0.85 and a load factor of 0.6, determine the size of shaft thermal expansion of steel of 11.6 x 10 -6 m/m-°C and the
required for a torque which varies from 0 to 2.26 kN-m. modulus of elasticity is 207,000 MPa.
Use a design factor of 2.0. A. 3.22 mm B. 23.2 mm
a. 25mm b. 37.5mm C. 32.2 mm D. 2.32 mm
c. 48 mm d. 52mm 41. (Oct 1998). What is the bending moment in ft-lb at the fixed end
of a 10 ft truss with a uniform weight of 100 lb/ft and a
29. A 20-lb rigid body is to be dropped at a height of 4 concentrated vertical load at the free end of 1200 lbs?
inches above the free end of a 12-inch long, 1-inch A. 15,000 B. 1800
diameter vertical steel rod, which is fixed at its opposite C.1500 D. 17,000
end. Determine the shock factor. 42. A beam of uniform rectangular cross-section is fixed at one end
a. 945.2 b. 425.3 and carries an electric motor weighing 40 kg at a distance of 30
c. 887.2 d. 645.3 cm from the fixed end. The allowable bending stress is 400
30. Determine the maximum induced stress in the rod. kg/cm2. Find the depth of the beam if its depth is twice the
a. 22.6 ksi b. 42.5 ksi width.
c. 34.4 ksi d. 18.2 ksi A. 3.30 cm B. 2.50 cm
31. A round steel bar 25 mm in diameter, 500 mm long C. 3.80 cm D. 2.75 cm
with fixed ends is struck by a weight of 20N at its 43. A simply supported steel beam, rectangular in cross section and
midpoint at a velocity of 750 mm/s. Find the stress due 3 m long, is to carry a concentrated load of 200N at a point 1m
to impact. Neglect the weight of the bar. from one end. The depth of the section is to be twice the width.
a. 98.35 MPa Using an allowable working stress in tension and compression
b. 95.65 MPa of 69 MPa, determine the dimensions of the section.
c. 85.75 MPa a. 14.8mmx29.6mm b. 17.3mmx35mm
d. 107.75 MPa c. 9.52mmx13.62mm d. 15.25mmx25mm
32. From the above problem, what is the shock factor? 44. A shaft is acted upon by a torque that continuously varies from
a. 102.3 b. 132.2 2200 to 6400 in-lb. It has a diameter of 1.25” and a material’s
c. 123.2 d. 232.1 yield strength of 63,000 psi. Find the variable component stress.
33. A horizontal 3-ft long ASTM 40 cast iron beam with a. 4567 psi b. 2454 psi
fixed ends and having a rectangular cross sectional c. 5476 psi d. 6457 psi
dimensions H x B (H=2B) is to be bumped at midpoint 45. A 25mm diameter machined steel cantilever 250mm long is
by a 50-lb rigid body moving horizontally at a striking loaded at the end with a force that varies continuously from
velocity of 20 miles per hour. If the beam’s stress 265N down to 450 N up. There is a 6mm fillet where the
matches its ultimate point, what are its dimensions H member is connected to the support which causes a theoretical
and B? stress concentration factor of Kt = 1.32. The notch sensitivity
a. 9” x 4 ½ “ b. 4” x 2” factor q maybe taken as 0.92. If the material has an ultimate
c. 6” x 3” d. 8” x 4” strength of Su = 550 MPa, an endurance limit of 240 MPa and a
yield strength of 415 MPa, determine the factor of safety
34. Determine the maximum stress in a hollow column of considering a size factor of 0.85 and a surface factor of 0.89.
Do=160mm and Di=100mm that supports a load of a. 1.85 b. 2.21
40kN and a bending moment of 4 kN-m. c. 3.95 d. 4.5
a. 10.2 MPa. b. 15.0 MPa 46. Determine the diameter of a circular rod made of ductile
c. 12.2 MPa d. 16.4 MPa material with a net fatigue strength of (complete stress reversal)
35. A shaft supported on bearings 200mm apart transmits Sn=262MPa and a tensile yield strength of 345 MPa. The
187 kW at 200rpm. The maximum bending moment is member is subjected to a varying axial load from P min = -267kN
2712 N-m. The allowable shear stress is 53.3MPa and to Pmax = 623kN and has a fatigue strength reduction factor of
the allowable normal stress is 46.7 MPa because of 1.8. Use a factor of safety of 2.
unusual loading conditions. Find the shaft diameter. a. 25.35mm b. 68.35mm
a. 110mm b. 96.3mm c. 35.68mm d. 95.39mm
c. 56.4mm d. 36.78mm 47. A rectangular beam 60 mm wide and 100 mm deep is used as a
cantilever 2 m long. A 40 kg mass falls through a height of 0.2
m before striking the free end. Compute the maximum bending
PRACTICE PROBLEMS stress caused by the impact. Neglect the mass of the beam. Use
36. What is the maximum allowable load if the factor of E = 200 GPa.
safety is 1.5, the yield strength is 3000 psi and the a. 185.5 MPa b. 161.7 MPa
resisting area is 25 in2? c. 200.5 MPa d. 225.5 MPa
A. 50 kips B. 55 kips
C. 60 kips D. 64 kips
 MDMSP#1 (Stresses: Simple, Variable, Combined, etc.) BASAEN, RG 7
A. 390 x 106 N/m2 B. 410x106N/m2
For editing C. 309 x 106 N/m2 D. 145x106 N/m2
With Answers 14. In the LRT project, steel railroad rails of 10 meters long are to
be installed. If the lowest temperature considered is 18°C and a
maximum temperature of 38°C is designed for, determine the
MD#1: STRESSES clearance between rails such that the adjoining rail will just
touch at maximum design temperature. Assume a coefficient of
Prepared by: Engr. Romulo Vicente D. Basaen thermal expansion of steel of 11.6 x 10-6 m/m-°C and the
modulus of elasticity is 207,000 MPa.
A. 3.22 mm
PROBLEMS B. 23.2 mm
1. Compute for the stress in MPa on a 3 cm diameter, 100 C. 32.2 mm
cm long steel rod if its elongation caused by an axial D. 2.32 mm
load is 0.12 cm. 15. A prismatic steel bar at 500ºF is embedded in a rigid concrete
A. 175 B. 196 wall. The bar is 40” long and has a cross- sectional area of 0.4
C. 248 D. 287 in2. What is the axial force in the bar it if its temperature is
2. What is the maximum allowable load if the factor of reduced to 100°F? The coefficient of thermal expansion is
safety is 1.5, the yield strength is 3000 psi and the 5x10-6 /°F.
resisting area is 25 in2? a. 5000 lb
A. 50 kips B. 55 kips b. 8000 lb
C. 60 kips D. 64 kips c. 24,000 lb
3. Calculate the elongation, in inch of a solid steel shaft, d. 32,000 lb
SAE1030 carbon steel, 2-7/8 inches in diameter and 5 16. A hollow nickel-steel shaft, whose outside diameter is twice the
feet in length that is supporting a direct tensile load of inside diameter, is to transmit 1492kW at 220rpm. The shaft is
60,000 lbs, stress concentration factor Kt=1.47 and the subjected essentially to torsion. Assuming an allowable shear
yield strength is 40,000 psi. stress of 224MPa, determine the size of the hollow shaft
A. 0.0235 B. 0.0152 required.
C. 0.0185 D. 0.0169 a. Do=125.65mm b. Do=116.24mm
4. Calculate the stress in ksi induced on the above shaft. c. Do=225mm d. Do=178.6mm
A. 10.5 B. 11.6 17. What is the maximum moment formula for the beam loaded as
C. 12.3 D. 13.6 shown?
5. What is the resulting factor of safety in problem 5? L/2 P
A. 2.9 B. 4.5
C. 3.4 D. 5.3
6. A round bar made from SAE 1025 steel is to support a
L
direct tensile load of 50,000 lb. Using a factor of safety A. PL
of 4 and neglecting stress concentration, what is the B. PL/2
required diameter of the rod? Use Sy = 40,000psi. C. PL/8
a. 2 ½ in. b. 2 9/16 in. D. PL/4
c. 5 in. d. 5.25 in. 18. What is the maximum moment formula for the beam loaded as
7. A bolt is subjected to an axial shock loading and the shown?
supplied load equals 12 kN. Assuming allowable stress
L/2 P
of 55 MPa, determine the size of the bolt required. Use
a stress concentration factor of 1.8
a. 18.67mm b. 26.67mm L
c. 32.5mm d. 22.35mm A. PL
8. (Apr 2002). Find the shearing stress of a rectangular B. PL/2
steel tank with dimensions L=800 mm. W 100 mm, C. PL/8
H=400 mm. A force 2000 kN is applied at the edge of D. PL/4
the tank which is welded at the bottom. 19. (Oct 1998). What is the bending moment in ft-lb at the fixed
A. 6,250 kPa B. 50,000 kPa end of a 10 ft truss with a uniform weight of 100 lb/ft and a
C. 25,000 kPa D. 60,000 kPa concentrated vertical load at the free end of 1200 lbs?
9. (Apr 1997). How many 5/16 inch holes can be punched A. 15,000
in one stroke in a steel plate made of SAE 1010 steel, B.1800
7/16 inch thick using a force of 55 tons. The ultimate C.1500
strength for shear is 50 ksi. D.17,000
A. 3 B. 4 20. (Apr 2002). Find the maximum moment of the beam loaded as
C. 5 D. 6 shown:
10. (Oct 1997). What pressure in tons is required to punch a w
hole 2 inches in diameter through a ¼ inch thick steel
plate? L
A. 20 B. 30 A. wL2
C. 40 D. 50 B. wL2/4
11. (Oct 1997). Determine the minimum diameter of a taper C. wL2/8
pin to use in fixing a lever to a 2” diameter shaft if it is D. wL3/4
to transmit a torque of 700 in-lb. Use an allowable 21. A horizontal simply supported beam, 16 ft long, is subjected to a
stress of 15 ksi. load of 5000 lb located at its center. The dimensions of the beam
A. 4.2 mm B. 5.2 mm are 2” x 4” and its weight may be considered to be uniformly
C. 6.2 mm D. 8.2 mm distributed at 100lb/ft. Find its flexural stress.
12. A brass liner is 270 mm diameter when the temperature A. 52,200 psi
is 17ºC. If the coefficient of linear expansion of the B. 25,200 psi
brass is 1.9 x 10-5/ºC, find the temperature to which the C. 30,600 psi
liner should be heated in order to increase the diameter D. 22,500 psi
by 2mm. 22. A beam of uniform rectangular cross-section is fixed at one end
A. 407 0C B. 410 0C and carries an electric motor weighing 40 kg at a distance of 30
0
C. 354 C D. 390 0C cm from the fixed end. The allowable bending stress is 400
13. A solid steel rod, 50 mm in diameter and 300 mm long kg/cm2. Find the depth of the beam if its depth is twice the
at a temperature of 25ºC, is firmly secured at each end width.
so that expansion is fully restricted. Taking the A. 3.30 cm
coefficient of linear expansion of steel as 1.2 x 10 -5/ºC B. 2.50 cm
and its modulus of elasticity as 206 GN/m2, determine C. 3.80 cm
the stress set up if it is heated to 150ºC. D. 2.75 cm
 MDMSP#1 (Stresses: Simple, Variable, Combined, etc.) BASAEN, RG 8
36. (Apr 1997). A stepped shaft made of SAE 1117 steel with an
23. A simply supported steel beam, rectangular in cross ultimate strength of 69.7 ksi. The notch sensitivity factor is
section and 3 m long, is to carry a concentrated load of 0.983 and 0.00435 is the constant dependent upon the ultimate
200N at a point 1m from one end. The depth of the strength. Check the radius of the stress raiser.
section is to be twice the width. Using an allowable a. 0.192 b. 0.25
working stress in tension and compression of 69 MPa, c. 0.386 d. 0.775
determine the dimensions of the section. 37. A section of a shaft diameter d is joined to a section of another
a. 14.8mmx29.6mm b. 17.3mmx35mm diameter with a fillet which produces an actual stress
c. 9.52mmx13.62mm d. 15.25mmx25mm concentration factor of Kf = 1.22 for the shaft in torsion. Take
24. Determine the size of a horizontal section of a square Sys = 560 MPa and Sn’ = 375 MPa. Using a size effect factor of
bar, which is to be held firmly at one end and to support 0.85, a surface finish factor of 0.85 and a load factor of 0.6,
a weight of 1600 kg at the other end. The bar is to be 1 determine the size of shaft required for a torque which varies
m long and is to be made from steel with a yield from 0 to 2.26 kN-m. Use a design factor of 2.0.
strength of 500 MPa. Use a factor of safety of 3 and a a. 25mm b. 37.5mm
stress concentration factor of 1.3. c. 48 mm d. 52mm
a. 41.5x41.5mm b. 60.4x60.4mm 38. A 25mm diameter machined steel cantilever 250mm long is
c. 90.2x90.2mm d. 28.3x28.3mm loaded at the end with a force that varies continuously from
25. A steel band saw blade is 0.7mm thick. Find the value 265N down to 450 N up. There is a 6mm fillet where the
of the bending stress when the blade is passing around a member is connected to the support which causes a theoretical
pulley of 450 mm diameter. Use E = 206,900MPa. stress concentration factor of Kt = 1.32. The notch sensitivity
a. 160.92MPa b. 321.8MPa factor q maybe taken as 0.92. If the material has an ultimate
c. 482.77MPa d. 724.14MPa strength of Su = 550 MPa, an endurance limit of 240 MPa and a
26. The derivative of the moment equation is which of the yield strength of 415 MPa, determine the factor of safety
following? considering a size factor of 0.85 and a surface factor of 0.89.
a. bending moment of the beam a. 1.85 b. 2.21
b. shear load of the beam c. 3.95 d. 4.5
c. tensile strength of the beam 39. Determine the diameter of a circular rod made of ductile
d. load of the beam material with a net fatigue strength of (complete stress reversal)
27. For a W14x43 wide flange structural steel designation, Sn=262MPa and a tensile yield strength of 345 MPa. The
14 represents: member is subjected to a varying axial load from P min = -267kN
a. Width b. Thickness to Pmax = 623kN and has a fatigue strength reduction factor of
c. Depth d. Weight per unit 1.8. Use a factor of safety of 2.
length a. 25.35mm b. 68.35mm
28. A cantilever member, 40 mm long, has a rectangular c. 35.68mm d. 95.39mm
cross section of 20mm x 100mm and supports a load of
6000N at the free end. What is the maximum shear 40. A 20-lb rigid body is to be dropped at a height of 4 inches above
stress? the free end of a 12-inch long, 1-inch diameter vertical steel rod,
a. 7.2 MPa b. 3.6 MPa which is fixed at its opposite end. Determine the shock factor.
c. 4.5 MPa d. 2.4 MPa a. 945.2 b. 425.3
29. A cantilever member, 40 mm long, has a circular cross c. 887.2 d. 645.3
section of 100mm diameter and supports a load of 41. Determine the maximum induced stress in the rod.
6000N at the free end. What is the maximum shear a. 22.6 ksi b. 42.5 ksi
stress? c. 34.4 ksi d. 18.2 ksi
a. 1 MPa b. 3 MPa 42. A round steel bar 25 mm in diameter, 500 mm long with fixed
c. 2 MPa d. 4 MPa ends is struck by a weight of 20N at its midpoint at a velocity of
750 mm/s. Find the stress due to impact. Neglect the weight of
30. This is the maximum stress that a member, subjected to the bar.
a completely reversed load, can withstand for an a. 98.35 MPa
indefinite number of load applications without failure. b. 95.65 MPa
a. Alternating stress b. Finite stress c. 85.75 MPa
c. Endurance limit d. Ultimate stress d. 107.75 MPa
31. Stress that is independent of external loads; it may be 43. From the above problem, what is the shock factor?
harmful or beneficial and affects markedly the fatigue a. 102.3 b. 132.2
strength of machine members. c. 123.2 d. 232.1
a. Load stress b. Compressive 44. A rectangular beam 60 mm wide and 100 mm deep is used as a
stress cantilever 2 m long. A 40 kg mass falls through a height of 0.2
c. Creep stress d. Residual stress m before striking the free end. Compute the maximum bending
32. Calculate the factor of safety resulting from the stress caused by the impact. Neglect the mass of the beam. Use
following stress values: yield strength, Sy = 60 ksi; E = 200 GPa.
endurance strength, Sn = 20 ksi; average stress, Sm = a. 185.5 MPa b. 161.7 MPa
15 ksi; and alternating stress, Sa = 10 ksi. c. 200.5 MPa d. 225.5 MPa
a. 1.75 b. 0.75 45. A horizontal 3-ft long ASTM 40 cast iron beam with fixed ends
c. 0.57 d. 1.33 and having a rectangular cross sectional dimensions H x B
33. (Apr 1997). A link has a load factor of 0.8, the surface (H=2B) is to be bumped at midpoint by a 50-lb rigid body
factor of 0.92 and the endurance strength is 28 ksi. moving horizontally at a striking velocity of 20 miles per hour.
Compute the alternating stress of the link if it is If the beam’s stress matches its ultimate point, what are its
subjected to a reversing load. Assume a factor of of dimensions H and B? Use 16 x 106 psi for cast iron.
safety of 3. a. 9” x 4 ½ “ b. 4” x 2”
a. 8150 psi b. 9333 psi c. 6” x 3” d. 8” x 4”
c. 10920 psi d. 7260 psi
34. A shaft is acted upon by a torque that continuously 46. Determine the maximum stress in a hollow column of
varies from 2200 to 6400 in-lb. It has a diameter of Do=100mm and Di=160mm that supports a load of 40kN and a
1.25” and a material’s yield strength of 63,000 psi. Find bending moment of 4 kN-m.
the variable component stress. a. 10.2 MPa. b. 15.0 MPa
a. 4567 psi b. 2454 psi c. 12.2 MPa d. 16.4 MPa
c. 5476 psi d. 6457 psi 47. A shaft supported on bearings 200mm apart transmits 187 kW at
35. (Apr 1997). The shaft whose torque varies from 2000 200rpm. The maximum bending moment is 2712 N-m. The
in-lb to 6000 in-lb has a 1.5” diameter and a yield allowable shear stress is 53.3MPa and the allowable normal
strength value in shear of 60,000 psi. Compute the stress is 46.7 MPa because of unusual loading conditions. Find
shaft’s mean stress. the shaft diameter.
a. 6810 psi b. 5162 psi a. 110mm b. 96.3mm
c. 6036 psi d. 5550 psi c. 56.4mm d. 36.78mm
MDMSP#1 (Stresses: Simple, Variable, Combined, etc.) BASAEN, RG 9