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DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME1355-CAD / CAM
LABORATORY
LAB MANUAL
PREPARED BY
M.PRASATH KUMAR.BE,.(ME)
LECTURER/DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
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ME1355-CAD/CAM LABORATORY
LT PC
0032
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
A) COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN (CAD) 15
1.3D Part modeling – protrusion, cut, sweep, draft, loft, blend, rib
2. Editing – Move, Pattern, Mirror, Round, Chamfer
3. Assembly – creating assembly from parts – assembly constraints
4. Conversion of 3D solid model to 2D drawing - different views, sections, isometric view and
dimensioning
5. Introduction to Surface Modeling and sheet metal.
6. Introduction to File Import, Export – DXF, IGES, STL, STEP
7. 3D modeling of machine elements like flanged coupling, screw jack etc.
Note: Any one of the 3D MODELING software like Pro/E, IDEAS, CATIA, UNIGRAPHICS,
AutoCAD to be used.
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
CAD
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COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN (CAD) AND COMPUTER-AIDED
MANUFACTURING (CAM)
Throughout the history of our industrial society, many inventions have been patented and
whole new technologies have evolved. Perhaps the single development that has impacted
manufacturing more quickly and significantly than any previous technology is the digital computer.
Computers are being used increasingly for both design and detailing of engineering components in
the drawing office.
Computer-aided design (CAD) is defined as the application of computers and graphics
software to aid or enhance the product design from conceptualization to documentation. CAD is
most commonly associated with the use of an interactive computer graphics system, referred to as a
CAD system. Computer-aided design systems are powerful tools and in the mechanical design and
geometric modeling of products and components.
There are several good reasons for using a CAD system to support the engineering design
function:
· To increase the productivity
· To improve the quality of the design
· To uniform design standards
· To create a manufacturing data base
· To eliminate inaccuracies caused by hand-copying of drawings and inconsistency between
drawings
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is defined as the effective use computer technology in
manufacturing planning and control. CAM is most closely associated with functions in manufacturing
engineering, such as process and production planning, machining, scheduling, management, quality
control, and numerical control (NC) part programming. Computer-aided design and computer-aided
manufacturing are often combined CAD/CAM systems.
This combination allows the transfer of information from the design into the stage of planning
for the manufacturing of a product, without the need to reenter the data on part geometry manually.
The database developed during CAD is stored; then it is processed further, by CAM, into the
necessary data and instructions for operating and controlling production machinery, material
handling equipment, and automated testing and inspection for product quality.
CAD/CAM HARDWARE:
The hardware part of a CAD/CAM system consists of the following components (1) one or
mare design workstations, (2) digital computer, (3) plotters and other output devices, and (4) storage
devices. The relationship among the component is illustrated in Fig.10.1. In addition, the CAD/CAM
system would have a communication interface to permit transmission of data to and from other
computer systems, thus enabling some of the benefits of computer integration.
The workstation is the interface between computer and user in the CAD system. The design of
the CAD workstation and its available features has an important influence on the convenience,
productivity, and quality of the user´s output. The workstation must include a digital computer with a
high-speed control processing unit (CPU). It contains require a logic/arithmetic section for the
system. The most widely used secondary storage medium in CAD/CAM is the hard disk, floppy
diskette, or a combination of both.
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The typical I/O devices used in a CAD system are follows.
Input devices are generally used to transfer information from a human or storage medium
to a computer where ¨CAD functions¨ are carried out. There are two basic approaches to
input an existing drawing model the object on a drawing or digitize the drawing.
The standard output device for CAD/CAM is a CRT display. There are two major of CRT
displays: random-scan-line-drawing displays and raster-scan displays. In addition to CRT,
there are also plasma panel displays and liquid-crystal displays.
CAD/CAM SOFTWARE:
Software allows the human user to turn a hardware configuration into a powerful design and
manufacturing system. CAD/CAM software falls into two broad categories, 2-D and 3-D, based on the
number of dimensions are called 2-D representations of 3-D objects is inherently confusing. Equally
problem has been the inability of manufacturing personnel to properly read and interpret
complicated 2-D representations of objects. 3-D software permits the parts to be viewed with the 3-
D planes-height, width, and depth-visible. The trend in CAD/CAM is toward 3-D representation of
graphic images. Such representation approximates the actual shape and appearance of the object to
be produced; therefore, they are easier to read and understand.
APPLICATIONS OF CAD/CAM:
The emergence of CAD/CAM has had a major impact on manufacturing, by standardizing
product development and by reducing design effort, tryout, and prototype work; it has made
possible significantly reduced costs and improved productivity.
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I. INTRODUCTION OF PRO-E
Pro/E is 3D modeler software plus additional capabilities such as sheet metal and surface
modeling, mechanism analysis and simulation, animation, photo render and more. Produced by PTC
based in US, the first version produced since 1988.
1. CONCEPT:
• Feature-based modeling
– The model is built up using blocks called feature.
– Features are the smallest building blocks in a part model.
– Each feature are created using 3D operations such as extrude, revolve, hole, round,
etc.
– Other elements such as datum planes, axis are also considered as feature
• Associative
– The whole objects are documented by creating part, assembly and drawing files.
– All these are fully associative, where changes that are done in a part will be reflected
in the assembly and drawing
• Parametric
– Features are interrelated or dependence, where modification done in one feature may
produce changes in other features as well.
– Design intent is very important.
– Normally changes are done to the driving dimensions.
– Relationship between features, where one is being referred to another is known as
parent/child relationship.
2. BASIC DESIGN MODES:
• General steps
– Component parts of an object are created.
– All the parts are assembled according to their position and orientation.
– Technical drawings (2D) are created based on the assembly and part model.
3. PRO/E FILES:
• Different file types in Pro/E:
– PART files: most common & used to produce/model a single part of an object. One
single component is drawn in a file.
– ASSEMBLY files: multiple part files are grouped and arranged in this separate file to
produce a complete object.
– DRAWING files: used to generate 2D drawings of parts and also assembly. (multi-view,
section, isometric, etc.)
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3.1. Part mode:
• Most design starts with creation of part
• The file extension is *.prt
• Each single part is created from features
– protrusion & cut of extrude, revolve,
sweep, etc.
• Each feature will start with 2D profile or
section and assign to 3D operation
(extrude, revolve, etc)
• 2D section is created in Sketcher tool,
similar to 2D drafting software – having
tool such as line, circle, trim, etc.
• Dashboard is a part of Sketcher allowing
access to various tools and commands.
3.2. Assembly mode:
• After all parts have been created, a new file (assembly) may be created.
• In assembly file, individual parts are loaded up one by one, and being applied constraints.
• Constraints are how each parts are associated to one another.
• Examples of constraint: mate & offset.
• Exploded assembly can be created after all parts have been attached together.
• Also allow top-down design.
3.3. Drawing mode:
• 2D technical drawing is created in drawing mode.
• New drawing file need to be created and the respective part or assembly is loaded.
• Multi-view, isometric, and section view may be produced in this mode.
• Dimension can be shown and hide easily.
• The drawing produce is associated with the original part file. Any modification done in part
file, will be reflected in the drawing file.
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3.4. Other file types: (screenshot)
– FORMAT: normally used to create drawing layout.
– SKETCH: to create 2D sketch file.
– MANUFACTURING: to produce CNC codes.
– REPORT
– DIAGRAM
– LAYOUT
– MARKUP
4. TOOLBARS:
• Main toolbar is located at the top of the window – mainly consist of file operations tool and
view controls.
• Drawing toolbar will appear underneath the main toolbar in Drawing Mode.
• Feature creation toolbar is located at the right hand side. Consists of the tool to create
feature such as extrude, revolve, datum plane, etc.
• The feature creation toolbar will be exchanged with Sketcher toolbar during sketching of 2D
section.
• This toolbar will also be different when different types of files are opened. (Assembly,
drawing, etc.)
• Feature creation toolbar
– Datum – Base
– Assembly (in assembly file) – Editing
– Pick/Place
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5. FILE MANAGEMENT:
• Set working directory
– When you save or open a file, Pro/E will look in the default folder which is called
working directory.
– It is advisable that you change the working directory to your preferred folder every
time you start a session.
– To change the working directory, either
• Under file menu: File > Set Working Directory… and choose the preferred
folder, or
• In the navigator window: Right click on the preferred folder and select Set
Working Directory.
– It is important to set one working directory when you work with multiple part files,
with assemble and drawings as they are being referred to one another.
• Opening files
– From file menu: File > Open
– Click the open file icon in the main toolbar
– You may preview the file before opening
• Creating new file
– Under file menu: File > New..
– Click on the new file icon on the main toolbar.
– You need to select application type and sub-type if necessary.
– Type in the filename and click OK button.
• Save file, backup file & file iterations
– Use File > Save to save changes to the file
– Use File > Save a copy.. to create a backup file or the file in another name.
– Using Save a copy is different from other “Save As..” command.
– Whenever you use Save command, a new iteration of the file will be created (it would
not overlap) e.g.
• Block.prt.1 and Block.prt.2 and Block.prt.3 and so on…
– When you open the file, it will open the latest version (with the biggest iteration
number at the back)
• Deleting files
– Use File > Delete to permanently removes file from disk.
– Use File > Delete > Old versions to permanently removes the older iterations of your
files and only leaves the most recent file.
• View control (Mouse setting)
– Spin, pan and zoom | Spin centre
– Saved views
– Display views
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• Spin: press middle mouse button & move mouse.
• Pan: press middle mouse button + SHIFT key & move mouse.
• Zoom: press middle mouse button + CTRL key & move mouse (or use mouse scroll).
• CTRL+D: will reorient the part to default view.
• p/s You MUST use 3-button mouse, otherwise it will be very difficult to use Pro/E
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5.3. Color assignment:
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II. COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING (CAM)
Interface electronics
Monitor Machine
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Numerous types of CNC machines have been manufactured. Out of these, CNC Lathe / Turning Centre
and CNC Milling / Machining Center are very commonly used.
M-Codes:
M-Codes control machine functions and these include,
1. M00 - program stop 20. M25 - open chuck (EMCO Lathe)
2. M01 - optional stop using stop button 21. M25 - set output #1 off (Prolight Mill)
3. M02 - end of program 22. M26 - close chuck (EMCO Lathe)
4. M03 - spindle on CW 23. M26 - set output #1 on (Prolight Mill)
5. M04 - spindle on CCW 24. M30 - end of tape (rewind)
6. M05 - spindle off 25. M35 - set output #2 off (Prolight Mill)
7. M06 - tool change 26. M36 - set output #2 on (Prolight Mill)
8. M07 - flood with coolant 27. M38 - put stepper motors on low power
9. M08 - mist with coolant standby (Prolight Mill)
10. M08 - turn on accessory #1 (120VAC outlet) 28. M47 - restart a program continuously, or a
(Prolight Mill) fixed number of times (Prolight Mill)
11. M09 - coolant off 29. M71 - puff blowing on (EMCO Lathe)
12. M09 - turn off accessory #1 (120VAC outlet) 30. M72 - puff blowing off (EMCO Lathe)
(Prolight Mill) 31. M96 - compensate for rounded external
13. M10 - turn on accessory #2 (120VAC outlet) curves
(Prolight Mill) 32. M97 - compensate for sharp external curves
14. M11 - turn off accessory #2 (120VAC outlet) 33. M98 - subprogram call
(Prolight Mill) or tool change 34. M99 - return from subprogram, jump
15. M17 - subroutine end instruction
16. M20 - tailstock back (EMCO Lathe) 35. M101 - move x-axis home (Prolight Mill)
17. M20 - Chain to next program (Prolight Mill) 36. M102 - move y-axis home (Prolight Mill)
18. M21 - tailstock forward (EMCO Lathe) 37. M103 - move z-axis home (Prolight Mill)
19. M22 - Write current position to data file
(Prolight Mill)
G-Code, or preparatory code or function, are functions in the Numerical control programming
language. The G-codes are the codes that position the tool and do the actual work, as opposed to M-codes,
that manages the machine; T for tool-related codes. S and F are tool-Speed and tool-Feed, and finally D-codes
for tool compensation. The programming language of Numerical Control (NC) is sometimes informally called
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G-code. But in actuality, G-codes are only a part of the NC-programming language that controls NC and CNC
machine tools.
A basic list of `G' operation codes is given below. These direct motions of the tool.
1. G00 - Rapid move (not cutting) 34. G73 - 3D circular interpolation counter
2. G01 - Linear move clockwise (Prolight Mill)
3. G02 - Clockwise circular motion 35. G74 - facing cycle contour (Emco Lathe)
4. G03 - Counterclockwise circular motion 36. G74.1 - disable 360 deg arcs (Prolight Mill)
5. G04 - Dwell 37. G75 - pattern repeating (Emco Lathe)
6. G05 - Pause (for operator intervention) 38. G75.1 - enable 360 degree arcs (Prolight Mill)
7. G08 - Acceleration 39. G76 - deep hole drilling, cut cycle in z-axis
8. G09 - Deceleration 40. G77 - cut-in cycle in x-axis
9. G17 - x-y plane for circular interpolation 41. G78 - multiple threading cycle
10. G18 - z-x plane for circular interpolation 42. G80 - fixed cycle cancel
11. G19 - y-z plane for circular interpolation 43. G81-89 - fixed cycles specified by machine tool
12. G20 - turning cycle or inch data specification manufacturers
13. G21 - thread cutting cycle or metric data 44. G81 - drilling cycle (Prolight Mill)
specification 45. G82 - straight drilling cycle with dwell (Prolight
14. G24 - face turning cycle Mill)
15. G25 - wait for input #1 to go low (Prolight Mill) 46. G83 - drilling cycle (EMCO Lathe)
16. G26 - wait for input #1 to go high (Prolight Mill) 47. G83 - peck drilling cycle (Prolight Mill)
17. G28 - return to reference point 48. G84 - taping cycle (EMCO Lathe)
18. G29 - return from reference point 49. G85 - reaming cycle (EMCO Lathe)
19. G31 - Stop on input (INROB1 is high) (Prolight 50. G85 - boring cycle (Prolight mill)
Mill) 51. G86 - boring with spindle off and dwell cycle
20. G33-35 - thread cutting functions (Emco Lathe) (Prolight Mill)
21. G35 - wait for input #2 to go low (Prolight Mill) 52. G89 - boring cycle with dwell (Prolight Mill)
22. G36 - wait for input #2 to go high (Prolight Mill) 53. G90 - absolute dimension program
23. G40 - cutter compensation cancel 54. G91 - incremental dimensions
24. G41 - cutter compensation to the left 55. G92 - Spindle speed limit
25. G42 - cutter compensation to the right 56. G93 - Coordinate system setting
26. G43 - tool length compensation, positive 57. G94 - Feed rate in ipm (EMCO Lathe)
27. G44 - tool length compensation, negative 58. G95 - Feed rate in ipr (EMCO Lathe)
28. G50 - Preset position 59. G96 - Surface cutting speed (EMCO Lathe)
29. G70 - set inch based units or finishing cycle 60. G97 - Rotational speed rpm (EMCO Lathe)
30. G71 - set metric units or stock removal 61. G98 - withdraw the tool to the starting point or
31. G72 - indicate finishing cycle (EMCO Lathe) feed per minute
32. G72 - 3D circular interpolation clockwise 62. G99 - withdraw the tool to a safe plane or feed
(Prolight Mill) per revolution
33. G73 - turning cycle contour (EMCO Lathe) 63. G101 - Spline interpolation (Prolight Mill)
CNC PROGRAMMING:
· The coordinates are almost exclusively cartesian and the origin is on the workpiece.
· For a lathe, the infeed/radial axis is the x-axis, the carriage/length axis is the z-axis. There is no need for a y
axis because the tool moves in a plane through the rotational center of the work. Coordinates on the work
piece shown below are relative to the work.
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CNC lathe / CNC turning center:
CNC lathes are rapidly replacing the older production lathes (multi spindle, etc) due to their ease of
setting and operation. They are designed to use modern carbide tooling and fully utilize modern processes.
The part may be designed and the tool paths programmed by the CAD/CAM process, and the resulting file
uploaded to the machine, and once set and trailed the machine will continue to turn out parts under the
occasional supervision of an operator. The machine is controlled electronically via a computer menu style
interface; the program may be modified and displayed at the machine, along with a simulated view of the
process. The setter/operator needs a high level of skill to perform the process, however the knowledge base is
broader compared to the older production machines where intimate knowledge of each machine was
considered essential. These machines are often set and operated by the same person, where the operator will
supervise a small number of machines (cell).
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I. COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN (CAD)
EX. NO. : 01 DATE :
Figure shows the details of a FLANGED COUPLING - UNPROTECTED TYPE. Create the 3D model and
assemble the parts of the Flanged Coupling - Unprotected type using PRO-E SOFTWARE.
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Assembly Drawing:
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EX. NO. : 02 DATE :
Figure shows the details of a FLANGED COUPLING - PROTECTED TYPE. Create the 3D model and
assemble the parts of the Flanged Coupling - protected type using PRO-E SOFTWARE.
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Assembly Drawing:
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EX. NO. : 03 DATE :
Figure shows the details of a UNIVERSAL COUPLING. Create the 3D model and assemble the parts
of the Universal Coupling using PRO-E SOFTWARE.
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Assembly Drawing:
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EX. NO. : 04 DATE :
Figure shows the details of a SCREW JACK. Create the 3D model and assemble the parts of the
screw jack using PRO-E SOFTWARE.
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Assembly Drawing:
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EX. NO. : 05 DATE :
Figure shows the details of a PLUMMER BLOCK. Create the 3D model and assemble the parts of
the Plummer block using PRO-E SOFTWARE.
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Assembly Drawing:
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EX. NO. : 06 DATE :
Figure shows the details of a MACHINE VICE. Create the 3D model and assemble the parts of the
machine vice using PRO-E SOFTWARE.
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Assembly Drawing:
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EX. NO. : 07 DATE :
Figure shows the details of a VERTICAL STUFFING BOX. Create the 3D model and assemble the
parts of the vertical stuffing box using PRO-E SOFTWARE.
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Assembly Drawing:
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EX. NO. : 08 DATE :
REQUIREMENT:
Pentium 4
FANUC controller software
PROGRAM:
[BILLET X25 Y100;
G21 G98;
G28 U0 W0;
M06 T000;
M03 S1000 ;
M08;
G00 X25 Z1;
G94 X0 Z-1 F30;
G90 X24 Z00;
G28 U0 W0;
M05;
M09;
M30;
RESULT:
Thus the manual part program for FACING & PLAIN TURNING was simulated the program
using FANUC language software.
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EX. NO. : 09 DATE :
STEP TURNING
AIM:
To write a manual part program for STEP TURNING to simulate the program using FANUC
language software.
REQUIREMENT:
Pentium 4
FANUC controller software
PROGRAM:
[BILLET X25 Y100;
G21 G98;
G28 U0 W0;
M06 T000;
M03 S1000;
M08l;
G00 X25 Z1;
G94 X0 Z-1 F30;
G90 X24 Z-60 F30;
X23;
G90 X22 Z-30 F30;
X21;
G00 X26 Z00;
G28 U0 W0;
M05;
M09;
M30;
RESULT:
Thus the manual part program for STEP TURNING was simulated the program using FANUC
language software.
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EX. NO. : 10 DATE :
TAPER TURNING
AIM:
To write a manual part program for TAPER TURNING to simulate the program using FANUC
language software.
REQUIREMENT:
Pentium 4
FANUC controller software
PROGRAM:
[BILLET X25 Y100;
G21 G98;
G28 U0 W0;
M06 T0101;
M03 S1000;
M08;
G00 X25 Z1;
G94 X0 Z-1 F30;
G90 X24 Z-60 F30;
X23;
G00 X23 Z00;
G90 X23 Z-30 R0.5 F30;
X23 R-1;
X23 R-1.5;
X23 R-2;
X23 R-2.5;
X23 R-3;
G28 U0 W0;
M05 M09 M30;
RESULT:
Thus the manual part program for TAPER TURNING was simulated the program using
FANUC language software.
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EX. NO. : 11 DATE :
MILLING
GROOVING
AIM:
To write a manual part program for GROOVING to simulate the program using FANUC
language software.
REQUIREMENT:
Pentium 4
FANUC controller software
PROGRAM:
[BILLET X100 Y100 Z10; G01 X60 X25 F30;
[EDGEMOVE X0 Y0; G03 X70 Y255 R5 F30;
[TOOLDEF T1 D8; G01 X70 Y75 F30;
G21 G40 G94; G01 X35 Y75 F30;
G91 G28 Z0; G03 X25 Y75 R5 F30;
G28 X0 Y0; G01 X25 Y25 F30;
M06 T1; G01 X25 Y25 Z10;
M03 S1000; G91 G28 Z0;
M90 M08; G28 X0 Y0;
G00 X25 Y25 Z12; M05;
G01 X25 Y25 Z-1 F30; M09 M30;
RESULT:
Thus the manual part program for GROOVING was simulated the program using FANUC
language software.
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25 R5
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EX. NO. : 12 DATE :
DRILLING
AIM:
To write a manual part program for DRILLING to simulate the program using FANUC
language software.
REQUIREMENT:
Pentium 4
FANUC controller software
PROGRAM:
[BILLET X100 Y100 Z10; G28 X0 Y0 Z0;
[EDGEMOVE X0 Y0; G90;
[TOOLDEF T1 D4; M05;
[TOOLDEF T2 D8; M06 T2;
G21 G40 G94; M03 S1000;
G91; G00 X25 Y75 Z5;
G28 X0 Y0 Z0; G99;
G90; G00 X25 Y75 Z-5;
M08; Q.05 R0.5 F10;
M06 T1; G00 X25 Y75 Z5;
M03 S1000; G91;
G00 X75 Y25 Z5; G28 X0 Y0 Z0;
G99; G90;
G00 X75 Y25 Z-5; G00 X75 Y75 Z5;
Q0.5 R0.5 F10; G99;
G00 X75 Y25 Z5; G00 X75 Y75 Z-5;
G91; Q.05 R0.5 F10;
G28 X0 Y0 Z0; G91;
G90; G91;
G00 X25 Y25 Z5; G28 X0 Y0 Z0;
G99; G90;
G00 X25 Y25 Z-5; M05;
Q0.5 R0.5 F10; M09;
G00 X25 Y25 Z5; M30;
G91;
RESULT:
Thus the manual part program for DRILLING was simulated the program using FANUC
language software.
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