Activity Sheet

in
ENGLISH 6
QUARTER 2
Week 6-Day 5
Writing/Composition
EN6WC-IIf-2.2.5

Write a 4-paragraph composition showing cause and effect

Attitude
EN6A-IIf-16
Show openness to criticisms
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Let’s Try This

Read the paragraph orally then answer the questions that follow.

The Hard Life of Farmers

Laura White, 2005

The lack of rain and snow has horrible effects on farmers. With no rain, their land
dries up, and it is very difficult to grow anything. When the crops fail, the farmers haven't
any choice but to get a second job in order to make the money they need. Farming is a
full time job and with a second job, farmers are overworked, stressed and even
depressed. Many farmers end up selling their land.
Some farmers have accepted the government program, the Conservation
Reserve Program (CRP), which leaves the land idle to let the grass grow and must be
left idle a certain number of years. While the land is in the CRP program, some farmers
have taken outside jobs. That is why when it doesn't rain, you notice that most of the
farmers are very crabby. As a farmer's daughter, I have experienced some good times
and some bad times. I have gained a great respect for farmers everywhere.

Questions:
1. What makes the life of the farmers difficult?
2. What will happen if there is lack of rain?
3. Why do you think their life is difficult?
4. What are being discussed in the paragraph?

Let’s Study This

How to Write a Whole Composition

The following is a general structure to follow for many kinds of writing.

I. Introduction
The introduction is intended to draw the reader into the body of material to follow.
It should begin with a general statement or question, sometimes called the “thesis
statement” or “thesis question,” followed by a quick narrowing down to the main theme
to be developed in the body. Set the stage quickly, give appropriate background, then
move right into a transition sentence that will set up the reader for the body.

II. Body (Argument)

The body of a written piece is where you elaborate, defend, and expand the
thesis introduced in the introduction. The body should support your main contention with
supporting evidence and possible objections. A good body presents both sides of a
case, pro and con. As you make your case, save your best argument for last. When

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presenting contrary views, be sure to set forth the strongest arguments so you can
avoid being charged with erecting a “straw man.”
The body includes three components:
 Elaboration: Spell out the details by defining, or by clarifying and adding relevant,
pertinent information.
 Illustration: Paint a verbal picture that helps make or clarify your point(s). Well
illustrated pieces are easier to read and follow than abstract ones.
 Argumentation: Give the reasons, justifications, and rationales for the position or
view you have taken in the introduction

Logical connectors that you can use:

 exceptions – but, alas, however, etc.
 illustrations – for instance, for example, etc.
 conclusions – thus, so, therefore, consequently, etc.
 comparisons – similarly, by contrast, etc.
 qualifications – yet, still, etc.
 additions – moreover, furthermore, etc.

III. Conclusion
Make your final appeal to the reader, a finishing, all-encompassing statement
that wraps up your presentation in a powerful or even dramatic fashion. Normally a
single paragraph, brief and concise, will suffice. The purpose of the conclusion is to
leave the reader with an idea or thought that captures the essence of the body while
provoking further reflection and consideration.

Reference: https://trinitysem.edu/how-to-write-a-whole-composition/

Let’s Do This

Task 1: Let’s Talk About It

This shows the organization of a composition
Why are Cities Becoming Overcrowded?
The fact that the world’s cities are getting more and more crowded is
general
well-known. Cities such as Tokyo, Sao Paolo, Bombay and Shanghai are now
statements considered ‘mega-cities’, because of their enormous size and huge populations.
There are two main reasons why these and other cities are becoming so main statement
crowded; one economic, the other socio-cultural.
First, the primary cause of cities becoming so crowded is economic. As
Topic a country develops, its cities become the engines of development, thus jobs are
sentence available in these areas. Frankfurt, Istanbul, Bombay and Sao Paolo are all the
economic centres of their countries. For example, Tokyo was the motor for
Japan’s rapid economic development in the 1960’s and 70’s; as a result, its
population increased rapidly. People moved to Tokyo because they could find
employment and establish economic security for themselves and their families
there.
Second, another factor in the huge increase in urban populations is the
Topic
socio-cultural factor. Thousands of people migrate to the cities not only for jobs
but also for educational and personal reasons. The better universities are sentence
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always located in big cities and this 2 of 5thousands of students every year,
attracts
and these students stay on and work in the city after they graduate.
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Moreover, young people will move to the city as the villages and rural areas are
more custom and tradition oriented. Therefore, young people believe this is an
obstacle to their personal freedom.
concluding In conclusion, economic and cultural factors are the major causes of
sentence huge urban population. People will always move to the areas which provide
opportunity and to the places which can give them the freedom they desire. Final thought

Reference: Accessed on July 27, 2017. https://www.thoughtco.com/cause-and-effect-composition-

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Let’s Do More

Task 2. Fill in the Gaps

Read the essay below. Fill in the correct word to complete the sentences.

Another creates effects effects final

increases may obvious results

Smoking has many serious _____. The most _____ effect is the deterioration of
a smoker's health. Smoking _____ the risk of lung disease, increases blood pressure,
increases the risk of heart attacks, and reduces the flow of oxygen to the brain.
Smoking _____ respiratory problems. A smoker's cough expels phlegm, a thick mucus
in the nose and the throat that wants to escape the body. Prolonged use _____ lead to
emphysema and the need to hook up to a machine to pump enough oxygen into the
lungs. _____ effect of this habit is that smoking breeds halitosis; a smoker's breath
always smells foul and repulsive.
Smoking frequently _____ in social isolation because fewer people smoke or
want to be in the presence of second-hand smoke. Friends and acquaintances often tell
their smoking friends that they don't want the smell in their cars or in their homes. The
strong, offensive odor of smoke clings to smokers' clothing, hair, and skin. The _____
effect of smoking is that it depletes the pocketbook. Smoking is now an expensive habit,
and the price of cigarettes continues to rise. The _____ of smoking are many, which
leaves one wondering why intelligent people do not find a way to break their harmful
addiction.

What are the cause and effects of smoking?

Reference: Accessed on July 26, 2017. https://www.thoughtco.com/cause-and-effect-composition-

1689834

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Let’s Test Ourselves

Task 3. Elaborate
Pick one topic below and write a 4-paragraph composition showing cause and effect.
Use guide questions in organizing your ideas.

 Effects of Pollution
 The Changes in the Ocean
 Internet Influence on kids
 Effects of professional sport on children
 Alcohol and nervous system
 Growing up with a single parent
 Effect of school bullying on children
 Music effects on human body
 Social media effect on young people
 Impact of drug use on human body
 The influence of my favorite movie/book on me
 What impact smoking has on a pregnant woman
 Telling lies. The cause and effect
 What are causes and effects of terrorism
 What causes heart problems
 Why some pupils cheat

Reference:
Accessed on July 27, 2017
https://www.scholaradvisor.com/essay-examples/cause-and-effect/

Let’s Remember This

A good composition has introduction, body, and conclusion.

Prepared by:

AGNES D. GARROTE

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ANSWER KEY
(For Teachers’ Use Only)

Task 1. Let’s Talk about It

Teacher will discuss a sample of how a composition is organized.

Task 2. Fill in the Gaps

1. effects
2. obvious
3. increase
4. creates
5. may
6. another
7. result
8. final
9. effects

Task 3. Elaborate
Answers may vary.

Prepared by:

AGNES D. GARROTE

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