40 HR Training Guide For Fire Safety Inspector and Practitioner PDF

RA 9514 KNOWN AS FIRE
CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

2008
ENGR ARIEL TAN MIRANDA, DFSE
CHIEF FIRE SAFETY ENFORCEMENT DIVISION, NHQ
Technical Consultant on High Rise Building
Fire Safety Evaluator
Plan Reviewer/Evaluator
Member:
Technical Working Group on Preparation of IRR (RA 9514-Fire Code)
Mobile Training Team Leader of RA 9514 and RA 9548
Technical Committee of Revision of Fire Safety Correction Sheets
Head Secretariat Fire Code Technical Committee
Vice-Chairperson Fire Safety Technical Committee
Task Force Validation and Verification
AWARDED: Five (5) MEDALYA NG KASANAYAN
FIRE SAFETY PRACTITIONERS
TRAINING COURSE
MODULE 1
RA 9514 KNOWN AS FIRE CODE OF THE

PHILIPPINES 2008
1. RA 9514 ( BASIC LAW )

2. IMPLEMENTING RULES REGULATIONS
OF RA 9514,STANDARD AND
COMPLIANCE
UNDERSTANDING
THE FIRE CODE OF
THE PHILIPPINES
OF 2008
Republic Act 9514
OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
I. Significant Features of RA 9514
II. IRR
RULE 1 INTERPRETATION
RULE 2 COVERAGE
RULE 3 DEFINITION OF TERMS
RULE 4 AUTHORITY OF THE CHIEF, BFP
RULE 5 BFP REORGANIZATION AND PROFESSIONALIZATION
RULE 6 FIRE BRIGADES, FIRE VOLUNTEER ORGANIZATIONS AND FIRE
SAFETY PRACTITIONERS
RULE 7 ASSISTANCE AND SUPPORT TO THE BFP
RULE 8 FIRE SAFETY ENFORCERS
Qualifications
Functions
RULE 9 ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF FIRE SAFETY
MEASURES
RULE 10 FIRE SAFETY MEASURES
RULE 11 PROHIBITED ACTS
RULE 12 FIRE CODE TAXES, FEES/CHARGES AND FINES
RULE 13 ADMINISTRATIVE COURSES OF ACTION
RULE 14 MISCELLANEOUS
ANNEXES (ALL FORMS)
LIST OF TABLES
Significant Features:
Assist and support fire volunteers,
practitioners and fire volunteer
organizations, provided that during
firefighting operations, fire volunteer
organizations shall be under the direct
operational control of the fire ground
commanders of the BFP. (Section 5 para c.)
FIRE SAFETY PRACTITIONER
Call on the police,

other law
enforcement
agencies, and local
government units to
render necessary
assistance in the
enforcement of this
Code. (Section 5 para f.)
Mandatory inspection of every building or
structure at least once a year. (Section 5 para g)
F/Insp Jan Garry D Lunas, RME, Ph.D.

SIGNIFICANT FEATURES:
 Require the building

owner/occupant to
submit plans and
specifications, and other
pertinent documents of
said building to ensure
compliance with
applicable codes and
standards. (Section 5
para j)
Issue a written notice to the owner and/or
contractor to stop work on portion of any
work due to absence, or in violation of
approved plans and specifications, permit
and/or clearance or certification as approved
by the Chief, BFP or his/her duly authorized
representative. (Section 5 para k)

10 to 15 days period for compliance
for violations of the Code (Section 9).

SIGNIFICANT FEATURES:
The BFP may put up a sign in front of the
building or structure declared as fire
hazard. The notice shall bear the words
“WARNING: THIS BUILDING/STRUCTURE
IS A FIRE HAZARD”. (Section 9)
Authority of the
BFP to close any
building, structure
or facility
notwithstanding
any permit,
clearance or
certificate earlier
issued by local
authorities .
(Section 9)

Six (6) months to six (6) years

imprisonment or a fine of not more
than P 100,000.00 for both the private
individual and public officer/employee
for violations of the Code. (Section 11)

Administrative fine of maximum amount of P
50,000.00. (Section 11)
Collection by the BFP of all fees, fines and
taxes imposed by the Code. (Section 13)
The assessment of fire code taxes, fees and
fines is vested upon the BFP. (Section 13-A)

use the income generated under the Fire Code for
procurement of fire protection and fire fighting
investigation, rescue, paramedics, supplies and
materials and related technical services necessary
for the fire service and the improvement of facilities
of the BFP. (Section 13-C)

Implementing Rules and Regulations
of RA 9514
“Fire Code of the Philippines
of 2008”
RULE 1 General Provision
OLD IRR OF PD 1185
RULE 19 Dust Explotion,
RULE 2 General Precautions Against Fire
Prevention Of
RULE 3 Fire Safety in Buildings , Structures
RULE 20 Explosive,
and Facilities
Ammunition and Blasting
RULE 4 Maintenance of Exit Ways
Agents
RULE 5 Places of Assembly
RULE 21 Fireworks
RULE 6 Fire Protection Appliances
RULE 22 Application of Flammables
RULE 7 Suppression Control of Hazardous
Finishes
Fire Areas
RULE 23 Flammables and
RULE 8 Smoking
Combustible Liquids
RULE 9 Company and Community
RULE 24 Fruit Ripening Processess
Volunteer Fire Brigades
RULE 25 Fumigation
RULE 10 Airports, Heliports and Helistops
RULE 26 Garage and Automobile
RULE 11 Automobile Tire Rebuilding Plants
Repair Shop
RULE 12 Automobile Wrecking Yards, Junk
RULE 27 Hazardous Material
Yards or Waste Material handling
RULE 28 Liquified Petroleum Gases
Plants
RULE 29 Lumberyards,
RULE 13 Bowling Alleys
Woodworking Plants
RULE 14 Cellulose Nitrate Plastics
RULE 30 Magnesium
RULE 15 Combustible Fibers Storage and
RULE 31 Matches
Handling
RULE 32 Mechanical Refrigeration
RULE 16 High Filed Combustible Stock
RULE 33 Motion Picture projection
RULE 17 Compressed Gases
RULE 34 Oil Burning Equipment
RULE 18 Cryogenic Fluids
OUTLINE OF THE NEW IRR
RULE 1 INTERPRETATION
RULE 2 COVERAGE
RULE 3 DEFINITION OF TERMS
RULE 4 AUTHORITY OF THE CHIEF, BFP
RULE 5 BFP REORGANIZATION AND PROFESSIONALIZATION
RULE 6 FIRE BRIGADES, FIRE VOLUNTEER ORGANIZATIONS AND FIRE
SAFETY PRACTITIONERS
RULE 7 ASSISTANCE AND SUPPORT TO THE BFP
RULE 8 FIRE SAFETY ENFORCERS
Qualifications
Functions
RULE 9 ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF FIRE SAFETY
MEASURES
RULE 10 FIRE SAFETY MEASURES
RULE 11 PROHIBITED ACTS
RULE 12 FIRE CODE TAXES, FEES/CHARGES AND FINES
RULE 13 ADMINISTRATIVE COURSES OF ACTION
RULE 14 MISCELLANEOUS
ANNEXES (ALL FORMS)
LIST OF TABLES
Rule 3. Definition of Terms
Rule 4. Authority of the Chief, Bureau of Fire Protection
1. The Administration and Enforcement of the Fire

Code and it’s IRR shall be under the direct supervision and
control of the Chief, BFP, through the hierarchy of
organization as provided for in Chapter VI of Republic Act
No. 6975, the DILG Reorganization Act of 1990 as
amended by Republic Act No. 9263, the Bureau of Fire
Protection (BFP) and Bureau of Jail Management and
Penology (BJMP) Professionalization Act of 2004;
2. The Authority of the Chief, BFP subject to
approval of SILG includes the following:
A. Issue implementing rules and regulations;
B. Reorganize the BFP as may be necessary and

appropriate;
C. Enter into long term agreement;
D. Enter into Memorandum of Agreement.

3. The Specific Authority of the Chief, BFP, includes:
A. To support and assist fire volunteers, practitioners and fire

volunteer organizations in the country;
B. Enter into external party agreements for the conduct of

trainings, education and evaluation of fire volunteers, practitioners and fire
volunteer organizations;
C. Call on the police, other law enforcement agencies;
D. Designate Fire Safety Inspectors (FSI) through his/her duly

authorized representative:
E. Issue Fire Safety Inspection Certificate (FSIC) as a pre-requisite

to the grants of permits and/or licences by the local government and other
governments and other government agencies concerned;
F. Inspect at reasonable time, any building, structure,
installation or premises for dangerous or hazardous conditions or
materials as set forth in the Fire Code and this IRR, provided that in
case of single family dwelling, an inspection must be upon the
consent of the occupant or upon lawful order from the proper court.
The Chief, BFP or his/her duly authorized representative shall order
the owner/occupant to remove hazardous operations/processes in
accordance with the standards set by the Fire Code and this IRR or
other pertinent laws;
G. Order the owner/occupant of any building or structure to

summarily abate conditions that are deemed hazardous to life and
property;
H. Require the building owner/occupant to submit
plans and specifications, and other pertinent documents
of said building to ensure compliance with applicable
codes and standards; and
I. Issue a written notice to the owner and/or

contractor to stop work on any portion of any work due to
the absence, or in violation of, approved plans and
specifications, permits and/or clearances or certifications
as approved by the Chief, BFP or his/her duly authorized
representative. The notices shall state the nature of the
violation and no work shall be continued on that portion
until the violation has been corrected.
Rule 5. BFP Reorganization and Professionalization
This Rules speaks of the authority of the Chief, BFP, to
reorganize the BFP and the establishment of the BFP technical staff
of highly qualified persons who are knowledgeable on the fire
prevention, fire safety and fire suppression. This Technical Staff may
be drawn from the following:
A. Organic members of the BFP;
B. Other government offices and agencies; and
C. Other sources.
In case of paragraph “B” and/or “C” above, members may

either be appointed into the service or hire as consultants in
accordance with existing laws, rules and regulations.
Rule 6 of the IRR provides for the provisions on Fire
Brigades, Fire Volunteer Organizations and Fire Safety
Practitioners. What us new here is the provision which
provides that during fire operations, the fire volunteer is
under the direct control and supervision of he Fire Ground
Commander of the BFP.
Rule 7 is a new provision of the Fire Code which

provides for the authority of the BFP to call on the Police
and Other Law Enforcement Agency to render assistance;
For the PNP:
A. During actual fire fighting operations and fire scene

investigations;
B. Business closure and summary abatement proceedings;
C. Installation of signs that the building/structure is a fire hazard

and or/fire trap
D. Obstruction of designated fire lanes and fire hydrants;
E. Apprehension of violators/persons removing, destroying,

tampering or obliterating warning signs and similar abatement
appurtenances; and
F. Such other duties and functions of the BFP which would

essentially require police assistance.
For the LGU:
A. Strict observance of the requirement of fire safety measures for

the issuance of Fire Safety Inspection Certificate (FSIC) as a pre-requisite in
the grant of the renewal of business, occupancy and other related
permits/licenses. For this purpose, the LGU and/or other government
agencies concerned shall refrain from issuing such licenses and/or permits
without the applicant first securing an FSIC from the BFP.
B. Organization and training of fire bridges in all barangays in

partnership with BFP to serve as first responders;
C. In summary abatements, closure and/or stoppage of operation

of buildings/structures or portions thereof; and
D. Such other duties and functions of the BFP which would

essentially require their assistance.
Other Law Enforcement Agencies:
Such as but not limited to, National Bureau of Investigation

and Philippine National Police Crime Laboratory shall, upon request,
accommodate and render necessary assistance on the following
function of the BFP:
A. Laboratory /physical examinations of the pieces of

evidence gathered in the fire scene and submit the result thereof to
the Chief, BFP or his duly authorized representative, as the case
maybe;
B. In the Investigation, and prosecution of arson cases,

appear as expert witness thereof;
C. Such other duties and functions of the BFP which require

their expertise.
Rule 8 of the IRR is a new provision which aim
to professionalized and institutionalized and
conduct of the fire safety inspection. For that
purpose, the rule now provide that BFP personnel
duly designated as Fire Safety Enforcers shall
posses minimum required qualification standard
stated herein.
For Fire Safety Enforcers:
A. Uniformed Personnel
1. Licensed engineer (Civil, electrical, mechanical, chemical,

sanitary and electronic and communication); or Architect with
atleast one (1) year in the BFP service; or graduate of any
baccalaureate degree course with atleast three (3) years in the BFP;
2. Shall have completed Fire Arson Investigation and

Inspection Course (FAIIC); or have undergone at least forty (40)
hours of relevant seminars/workshops on the Fire Code of the
Philippines and other relevant Fire Safety seminars/workshops;and
3. Non-licensed and non-engineering graduate must pass the

written fire safety inspection examination conducted by the BFP
For Fire Safety Enforcers:
B. Non-Uniformed Personnel
1. Appointed as engineers (Civil, Electrical, Mechanical,

Chemical, Sanitary and Electronics and Communication); or
Appointed as Electrical/Building Inspectors; and
2. Shall have undergone at least forty (40) hours of relevant

seminars/workshops.
3. Electrical /Building inspectors must pass the written

examination conducted by the BFP, otherwise they can only conduct
inspection relative to their appointment’s duties and functions.
For Plan Evaluators:
A. Must be a licensed Architect or Engineer, and
B. Shall have undergone atleast forty (40) hours of

revelant training on the Fire Code of the Philippines of
2008 and other relevant fire safety seminars/wokshops.
C. In cases where there is no licensed engineer or

architect in a specific jurisdiction, a graduate of any
baccalaureate degree with FAIIC training shall be
designated as plan evaluator.
The following shall be the main duties and responsibilities of Fire Safety
Inspectors:
A. Inspect any building, structure of facility and/or any part thereof,

hazardous materials to ensure compliance of the Fire Code of the Philippines, this
IRR and other related laws, regulations, standards and ordinances within the area
of responsibility;
B. Assess compliance with the fire safety requirements, identify and

recommend corrective actions for violations/defects and deficiencies and inform
the owner/building administrator/occupants of such actions to comply with the
provisions of the Fire Code of the Philippines , this IRR and other related laws,
regulations, standards or ordinance.
C. Testifying any judicial and quasi-judicial bodies regarding matters

relating to the Fire Code of the Philippines and this IRR, and/or the performance
of his/her duties related thereto, when needed;
D. Conduct fire safety lectures, seminars/workshop and drills; and
E. Prepare necessary documents and maintain files and/or records.

The following shall be the main duties and responsibilities
of Plan Evaluators:
A. Review and evaluate building plans specifications including

fire protection system to determine compliance to the requirement
of the Fire Code, this IRR, Building code of the Philippines and other
Life and Safety Standards; and
B. Conduct site verification and inspection on building under

construction to determine compliance with the approved plans and
specifications.
ENFORCEMENT AND
ADMINISTRATION OF
FIRE SAFETY
MEASURES
(Implementing Rules and Regulation of R.A. 9514
Known as Fire Code of the Philippines 2008)
DIVISION 2
FIRE SAFETY EVALUATION AND INSPECTION
SECTION 9.0.2.1 BUILDING PLAN REVIEW
A. Upon receipt by the City/Municipal Fire Marshal having
jurisdiction of six (6) sets of the building plans from the
Building Official (BO), the receiving clerk or the designated
staff shall check compliance of documentary requirements,
assess the Fire Code Fees (FCF) and issue Order of Payment
(OP) to be paid at the Cashier’s Office or the Authorized
Government Depository Bank (AGDB) or the Authorized
Government Servicing Bank (AGSB) by the BFP, After payment
of FCF, the owner or his duly authorized representative shall
submit copy of the Official Receipt (OR).
The receiving clerk shall record the application for Building

Plan Review including the date and time the plans were
received and the OR No., acknowledge and assign a control
number and encode the same without delay to the Plan
Evaluator.
3
B. The Plan Evaluator shall undertake the necessary evaluation
and review of the plans indicating whether or not such plans
conform to the fire safety and life safety requirements of the
Fire Code of the Philippines and his IRR. For this purpose, a Fire
Safety Checklist shall be used to facilitate checking of the
building plan. The evaluated plans and the corresponding Fire
Safety Checklist shall then be submitted to the Chief, Fire Safety
Enforcement Section (FSES).
C. The Chief, FSES shall consolidate and review the findings of

the Plan Evaluator and shall submit without delay, the
evaluation report and/or recommendation to the City/Municipal
Fire Marshal having jurisdiction.
D. The City/Municipal Fire Marshal having jurisdiction will

either approve or disapproved the evaluated plans together
with Fire Safety Checklist. The approved/disapproved Fire
Safety Checklist will then be transmitted to the Receiving
Clerk for its release.
4
E. No building plan shall be evaluated without the submission
of Fire and Life Safety Assessment Report (FALAR 1) in
accordance with Division 3 of this IRR
F. The City/Municipal Fire Marshal having jurisdiction, through
the Receiving shall endorse back five (5) copies of the
approved Building Plans, together with the Fire Safety
Evaluation Clearance and Fire Safety Checklist to the Building
Official.
SECTION 9.0.2.2
INSPECTION DURING CONSTRUCTION
During construction, renovation, modification or
alteration, the City/Municipal Fire Marshal having jurisdiction,
on the basis of issued Fire Safety Checklist, shall inspect the
premises to determine whether the plans, and specifications
are being followed and fire safety precautions are being
observed. He shall cause the correction of any
defects/deficiencies noted, when necessary.
5
SECTION 9.0.2.3
INSPECTION AFTER COMPLETION OF
CONSTRUCTION
A. After construction/ renovation/ modification or
alteration and prior to the issuance of the
occupancy permit by the Building Official, the
City/Municipal Fire Marshal having jurisdiction
shall inspect the premises and issue the
necessary Fire Safety Inspection Certificate
(FSIC) upon determination that the required fire
safety construction are in placed, and fire
protective and/or warning system are properly
installed in accordance with the approved plans
and specifications.
7. No FSIC shall be issued without the submission of

Fire and Life Safety Assessment Report 2 (FALAR
2) in accordance with Division 3 of this Rule.
6
SECTION 9.0.2.4
BUSINESS AND ROUTINE INSPECTION
A. Existing Building, Structure or Facility
For this purpose, the building owner or administrator shall make

available to the Fire Safety Inspector copies of all plans, design
calculations and specifications of the building as it was actually built/
constructed, or in the absence of the same, copies of all plans,
design calculations and specifications of the building as it is at the
time of the inspection.
9
C. Periodic Inspection by Fire Safety Inspectors
Before leaving the place inspected, report shall be prepared.

Such inspection order and inspection report shall conform to the
herein prescribed format, prepared in three sets and distributed
as indicated. Format of the Inspection Report shall follow the
approved fire safety standard inspection checklist.
No FSIC shall be issued without the submission of Fire and Life

Safety Assessment Report 3 (FALAR 3) in accordance with
Division 3 of this Rule.
10
STANDARD FORMS
USE IN RA 9514
IN RELATION TO
RA 9485
SPECIFICALLY
SECTION 6
CITIZENS CHARTER
of RA 9514
“Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008”
RULE 10 – FIRE SAFETY

MEASURES
DIVISION 1 – SCOPE
DIVISION 2 – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
DIVISION 3 – CLASSIFICATION OF
OCCUPANCY
DIVISION 4 – HAZARDS OF BUILDINGS
DIVISION 5 – MEANS OF EGRESS
DIVISION 6 – FEATURES OF FIRE PROTECTION
DIVISION 7 – BUILDING SERVICE EQUIPMENT
DIVISION 8 – ASSEMBLY OCCUPANCIES
DIVISION 9 – EDUCATIONAL OCCUPANCIES
DIVISION 10 – HEALTH CARE OCCUPANCIES
DIVISION 11 – DETENTION AND CORRECTIONAL
OCCUPANCIES
DIVISION 12 – RESIDENTIAL OCCUPANCIES
DIVISION 13 – MERCANTILE OCCUPANCIES
DIVISION 14 – BUSINESS OCCUPANCIES
DIVISION 15 – INDUSTRIAL OCCUPANCIES
DIVISION 16 – STORAGE OCCUPANCIES
DIVISION 17 – MISCELLANEOUS STRUCTURES
DIVISION 18 – OPERATING FEATURES
DIVISION 19 – SPECIAL PROVISION FOR
HIGHRISE BUILDINGS
DIVISION 20 – AERODOME FACILITIES
Division 1 - Scope
Division 2 - Fire Safety Clearance
Division 3 - General Requirements
Division 4 - Specific Requirements
 STORAGE AND HANDLING

 FIRE PROTECTION
 FIRE CLEARANCE
Division 1 - Scope
Sec. 10.3.4.1 - SOLID
Sec. 10.3.4.1.1 - Cellulose Nitrate Plastic (Pyroxylin)
Sec. 10.3.4.1.2 - Combustible Fibers
Sec. 10.3.4.1.3 - Combustible Commodities
Sec. 10.3.4.1.4 - Matches
Sec. 10.3.4.1.5 - Magnesium
Division 1 - Scope
Sec. 10.3.4.2 - LIQUID
Sec. 10.3.4.2.1 - Flammable and Combustible Liquids
Sec. 10.3.4.3 - GAS
Sec. 10.3.4.3.1 - Cryogenic Fluids
Sec. 10.3.4.3.2 - Medical & Related Compressed Gases
Sec. 10.3.4.3.3 - Liquefied Petroleum Gases
Sec. 10.3.4.3.4 - Compressed Natural Gases as Vehicle Fuel
Division 1 - Scope
Sec. 10.3.4.4 - OTHER HAZARDOUS MATERIALS &
CHEMICALS
Sec. 10.3.4.4.1 - Scope
Sec. 10.3.4.4.2 - Oxiding Materials
Sec. 10.3.4.4.3 - Radioactive Materials
Sec. 10.3.4.4.4 - Potentially Explosive Materials
Sec. 10.3.4.4.5 - Organic Peroxides
Sec. 10.3.4.4.6 - Nitromethane
Sec. 10.3.4.4.7 - Ammonium Nitrate
Sec. 10.3.4.4.8 - Highly Toxic Materials
Sec. 10.3.4.4.9 - Poisonouos Gases
Sec. 10.3.4.4.10 - Corrosive Liquids
SECTION 10.3.1.2
FIRE SAFETY HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AND

CHEMICALS
DIV 2. A. In addition for the issuance of FSIC,

a Fire Safety Clearance shall be issued of
appropriate permits and licenses from the
local governments and other government
agencies concerned, for the installation,
handlinng and storage;
Division 1 – Scope
Division 2 – Salvage Yards
Division 3 – Bowling Alleys Resurfacing and
Refinishing
Division 4 – Dust Producing Machines
Division 5 – Explosives, Ammunition and Blasting
Agents
Division 6 – Fireworks
Division 7 – Application of Flammable Finishes
Division 1 – Scope
Division 2 – Salvage Yards
Division 3 – Bowling Alleys Resurfacing and
Refinishing
Division 4 – Dust Producing Machines
Division 5 – Explosives, Ammunition and Blasting
Agents
Division 6 – Fireworks
Division 7 – Application of Flammable Finishes
Division 8 – Ripening Processes
Division 9 – Fumigation and Thermal Insecticidal
Fogging
Division 10 – Repair Garages
Division 11 – Lumber Yards and Wood Working
Facilities
Division 12 – Mechanical Refrigeration
Division 13 – Motion Picture Projection
Division 14 – Oil-Burning Equipment
Division 15 - Organic Coatings
Division 16 - Industrial Ovens
Division 17 - Hotworks Operations
Division 18 - Safeguarding Building Construction,
Demolition and Alteration Operations
* Construction
* Operation
* Protection And Maintenance
FIRE SAFETY FOR HAZARDOUS
OPERATION
SECTION 10.4.2.2
Fire Safety Clearance Required for Hotwork Operations
No welding and cutting operations in salvage yards shall

be conducted without a fire safety clearance issued by
the City/Municipal Fire Marshal having jurisdiction.
OPERATION
SECTION 10.4.3.2
Fire Safety Clearance Required for bowling alleys
resurfacing and refinishing
The operator/owner of a bowling establishment shall

secure a fire safety clearance from the City/Municipal
Fire Marshal having jurisdiction, before performing any
refinishing and alley resurfacing operations involving
them use of flammable liquids or materials on the
premises.
OPERATION
SECTION 10.4.4.1
Fire Safety Clearance Required for dust producing
machines
No person shall operate any grain elevator , flour starch

or feed mill, saw mill, or plant pulverizing aluminum,
coal, cocoa, magnesium, spices, or other material
producing dust without a fire safety clearance from the
City/Municipal Fire Marshal having jurisdiction.
OPERATION
SECTION 10.4.6.6
Fire Safety Clearance Required for Fire Works Exhibition
No person shall allowed to conduct firework exhibition

without first securing a clearance from City/Municipal
OPERATION
SECTION 10.4.9.1
Fire Safety Clearance Required for Fumigation and
Insecticidal Fogging
No person shall engaged in fumigation or thermal

insecticidal fogging without a fire safety clearance from
City/Municipal Fire Marshal having jurisdiction.
Division 1 – Water and Waste Water
Treatment Plants
Division 2 – Smoking
Division 3 – Manufacture and Sale Of Fire
Extinguishers
Division 4 – Open Burning
Division 5 – Incinerators
Division 6 – Use of Equipment, Appliances,
Devices and Vacant Buildings
Division 7 – Urban And Rural Pre-fire Planning
I - Classification of Occupancy
1. Assembly
Assembly occupancies include all
buildings or portions of buildings used
for gathering together of fifty (50) or
more persons for such purposes as
deliberation, worship, entertainment,
eating, drinking, amusement, awaiting
transportation, or similar uses.
“FIRE SAFETY
IS OUR MAIN
CONCERN”
Assembly Occupancy
Examples: 9. classrooms of 50
persons and over
1. theaters; capacity;
2. assembly halls; 10. libraries;
3. auditorium; 11. internet shops of
4. exhibition halls; over 50 persons
5. museum; capacity;
6. restaurants; 12. dance halls;
7. drinking 13. club rooms;
establishments; 14. skating rinks;
8. places of worship; 15. gymnasiums;
“FIRE SAFETY
IS OUR MAIN
CONCERN”
Assembly Occupancy
16. cockpit arenas; 21. Recreational
17. bowling facilities; facilities;
18. pool rooms; 22. piers;
19. armories; 23.court-rooms;
20. passenger stations 24.conference rooms;
and terminals of air, and
surface, 25. mortuary chapels or
underground, and funeral homes.
marine public
transportation
“FIRE SAFETY
IS OUR MAIN
facilities;
CONCERN”
Assembly Occupancy
* Restaurants and drinking establishments with an
occupant load of less than 50 persons shall be
classified as mercantile occupancies.
* Occupancy of any room or space for assembly

purposes by less than fifty (50) persons in a
building of other occupancy and incidental to
such other occupancy shall be classified as part of
the other occupancy and subject to the provisions
applicable thereto.
SECTION 10.2.8.9
C. SPECIAL PROVISION FOR FOOD SERVICE

ESTABLISHMENT
2. Cooking equipment shall be protected by

automatic kitchen hood fire suppression
in accordance with NFA 96, Standard for
Ventilation Control and Fire Protection of
Commercial Cooking Operations
2. Educational
Educational occupancies include all
buildings or portions thereof used for the
gathering of group of six (6) or more persons
for purposes of instruction.
“FIRE SAFETY
IS OUR MAIN
CONCERN”
Educational Occupancy
Examples:
1. Schools;
2. Universities;
3. Colleges;
4. Academies;
5. Nursery schools;
6. Kindergartens; and
7. Child Day Care facilities.
“FIRE SAFETY
IS OUR MAIN
CONCERN”
SECTION 10.2.9.5
G. COOKING EQUIPMENT

3. Health Care
Health care facilities are those used for
purposes of medical or other treatment or
care of persons where such occupants are
mostly incapable of self preservation
because of age, physical or mental
disability, or because of security measures
not under the occupants’ control.
“FIRE SAFETY
IS OUR MAIN
CONCERN”
4. Detention and Correctional
Detention and correctional buildings are
those used to house one or more persons
under varied degrees of restraint or security
where such occupants are mostly incapable
of self-preservation because of security
measures not under the occupants’ control.
“FIRE SAFETY
IS OUR MAIN
CONCERN”
Health Care Occupancy
Examples:
1. hospitals;
2. nursing homes;
3. birth centers; and
4. residential custodial care centers such as
nurseries, homes for the aged and the like.
“FIRE SAFETY
IS OUR MAIN
CONCERN”
Detention and Correctional Occupancy
Examples
1. correctional institutions,
2. detention facilities,
3. community residential centers,
4. training schools,
5. work camps, and
6. substance abuse centers where
occupants are confined or housed under
some degree of restraint or security.
“FIRE SAFETY
IS OUR MAIN
CONCERN”
5. Residential
Residential occupancies are those
occupancies in which sleeping
accommodations are provided for normal
residential purposes and include all
buildings designed to provide sleeping
accommodations.
“FIRE SAFETY
IS OUR MAIN
CONCERN”
Residential Occupancy
Examples
1. hotels;
2. motels;
3. apartelles;
4. pension houses;
5. inns;
6. apartments;
7. condominiums;
8. dormitories;
9. lodging or rooming houses;
“FIRE SAFETY
IS OUR MAIN 10. and one- and two-family dwellings
CONCERN”
SECTION 10.2.19.5
A. FIRE COMMAND CENTER
1. For building ten (10) storey’s or more, a

fire command center shall be provided in a
location approved by the City/Municipal
6. Mercantile
Mercantile occupancies include stores,

markets, and other rooms, buildings, or
structures for the display and/or sale of
merchandise.
“FIRE SAFETY
IS OUR MAIN
CONCERN”
Mercantile Occupancy
Examples:
1. malls;
2. supermarkets;
3. department stores;
4. shopping centers;
5. flea markets;
6. restaurants of less than 50 persons capacity;
7. public/private dry and wet markets;
8. water refilling stations;
9. drugstores;
10. hardwares/construction supplies;
“FIRE SAFETY
11. showrooms; and
IS OUR MAIN
CONCERN”
12. auction rooms.
7. Business
Business buildings are those used for the

transaction of business other than that
covered under Mercantile, for the keeping of
accounts and records and similar purposes.
“FIRE SAFETY
IS OUR MAIN
CONCERN”
Business Occupancy
Examples:
1. offices for lawyers; doctors; dentists and
other professionals;
2. general offices;
3. City/Municipal halls;
4. internet shops;
5. massage parlors,
6. beauty parlors,
7. barbershops of less than 50 occupants;
and
“FIRE SAFETY
IS OUR MAIN
8. court houses;
CONCERN”
SECTION 10.2.14.3
D5. COOKING EQUIPMENT

8. Industrial
Industrial occupancies include factories
that make products of all kinds and
properties which shall include but not
limited to product processing, assembling
and disassembling, mixing, packaging,
finishing or decorating, repairing and
material recovery
“FIRE SAFETY
IS OUR MAIN
CONCERN”
Industrial Occupancy
Examples:
1. factories of all kinds;
2. laboratories;
3. dry cleaning plants;
4. power plants;
5. pumping stations;
6. smokehouses;
7. gas plants;
8. refineries;
9. sawmills,
10. laundries; and
“FIRE SAFETY
11. Creameries.
IS OUR MAIN
CONCERN”
9. Storage
Storage occupancy includes all buildings or

structures utilized primarily for the storage or
sheltering of goods, merchandise, products,
vehicles, or animals.
“FIRE SAFETY
IS OUR MAIN
CONCERN”
Storage Occupancy
Examples:
1. warehouses;
2. cold storages;
3. freight terminals;
4. truck and marine terminals;
5. bulk oil storage;
6. LPG storage;
7. parking garages;
8. hangars;
9. grain elevators;
“FIRE SAFETY
IS OUR MAIN
10. barns; and
CONCERN” 11. Stables.
10. Mixed Occupancies
Refers to two or more classes of occupancies

occurring/ located/ situated/ existing in the same
building and/or structures so intermingled that
separate safeguards are impracticable.
“FIRE SAFETY
IS OUR MAIN
CONCERN”
11. Miscellaneous
This class of occupancy includes buildings
or structure which cannot be properly
classified in any of the preceding occupancy
groups.
Examples:
Towers, Windowless and Underground
Buildings, Piers and Water-Surrounded
Structures and Immobilized Vehicles and
Vessels.
“FIRE SAFETY
IS OUR MAIN
CONCERN”
Mixed Occupancy
The means of egress shall be sufficient to
meet exit requirements for the occupants of
each individual room or section, and for the
maximum occupant load of the entire
building. Fire safety construction,
protective and warning systems and other
safeguards shall met requirements of the
most hazardous occupancy.
“FIRE SAFETY
IS OUR MAIN
CONCERN”
In case of conflict as to the type or

classification of occupancy, the same shall be
determined by the Chief, BFP or his duly
authorized representative.
“FIRE SAFETY
IS OUR MAIN
CONCERN”
of RA 9514
“Fire Code of the Philippines
of 2008”
A continuous
and
unobstructed
route of exit
from one point
in a building to
a public way
1. the exit
access
2. the exit; and
3. the exit
discharge.
Exit
Discharge
That portion of a means of egress that is
separated from all other spaces of a building
or structure by construction or equipment as
required to provide a protected way of travel
to the exit discharge.
That portion of a means of egress that leads
to an exit.
That portion of a means of egress between the
termination of an exit and a public way.
Exit
Discharge
Section 10.2.5.2
General Provisions
1. Doors
2. Stairs
3. Outside
Stairs
4. Horizontal Exits
5. Ramps
6. Exit passageways
7. Fire
escape
stairs
8. Ladders
Protective Enclosures
Protective Enclosures
* three storeys or less – one (1) hour
* four or more storeys – two (2) hours
* any opening shall be protected by an

approved self-closing fire resistive door
* no exit enclosure shall be used for

other purposes
“FIRE SAFETY
IS OUR MAIN
CONCERN”
Capacity of Means of Egress
Level Components
Stairways
and Ramps
Area (width per person)
(width per person)
mm in mm in
Board and Care 10 0.4 5 0.2
Health Care, Sprinklered 7.6 0.3 5 0.2
Health Care, Non 15 0.6 13 0.5

Sprinklered
High Hazards 18 0.7 10 0.4
All Others 7.6 0.3 5 0.4

The door leading to the Stairway No. 1 of
FNTI Hostel is 900 mm. The clear width of the
stairway is 1200 mm and the door to the level
of exit discharge is measured 1000 mm. What
is the capacity of the exit?
Occupant Load
“Shall be determined by dividing the

floor area by the occupant load
factor assigned to that use”
GFA
______
OL =
OLF
“FIRE SAFETY
IS OUR MAIN
CONCERN”
2. Where the exits serve
more than one floor,
only the occupant load
of each floor considered
individually need be
used in computing the
capacity of the exits of
that floor.
When means of egress of
from the floor above and
below converge at an
intermediate floor, the
capacity of the means of
egress from the point of
convergence shall not be
less than the sum of the
two.
Where any required egress capacity from a balcony or
mezzanine passes through the room below, the required
capacity shall be added to the required capacity of the
room below.
2. The required
capacity of a corridor
shall be the occupant
load that utilizes the
corridor for exit access
divided by the required
number of exits to
which the corridor
connects, but the
corridor capacity shall
not be less than the
required capacity of
the exit to which the
corridor leads.
Means of Egress
TYPE OF OCCUPANCY OCCUPANT LOAD

FACTOR
(square meters per
person)
1. Assembly
a. concentrated use without fixed seats 0.65
b. less concentrated use 1.4
c. standing room or waiting space 0.28
2. Educational
a. net classroom area 1.9
b. net area of shops, laboratories and
similar vocational rooms 4.6
3. Health Care
a. sleeping departments 11.1
b. inpatient treatment departments 22.3
Means of Egress
TYPE OF OCCUPANCY OCCUPANT LOAD FACTOR

(square meters per person)
4. Detention and Correctional 11.1
5. Residential 18.6
6. Mercantile
a. Street floor 2.8
b. Upper floors 5.6
7. Business 9.3
8. Industrial 9.3
9. Storage Maximum probable
population
For purposes of determining the capacity of
the means of egress, determine the
Occupant Load of a four storey
educational building described as follows:
4th Floor – Multi-purpose Room – 750 sq.m.

3rd Floor – Classrooms - 750 sq.m.
2nd Floor – Classrooms - 750 sq.m.
1st Floor – Offices - 320 sq.m.
Classrooms - 430 sq.m.
Not more than Not more than
114 mm 965 mm
Minimum Width
shall not be less than 915 mm

except when specifically
provided under Division 8 to
Division 17 of this Chapter.
“FIRE SAFETY
IS OUR MAIN
CONCERN”
The width of any means of egress shall not
be less than 915 mm, except when
specifically provided under Division 8 to
Division 17 of this Chapter.
1. The number of means of
egress from any balcony,
mezzanine, storey, or portion
thereof shall not be less than
two (2), except when
specifically permitted in
Division 8 through 17 of this
Chapter.
“FIRE SAFETY
IS OUR MAIN
CONCERN”
2. When the occupant load for
any storey or portion thereof
is more than five hundred (500)
but not more than one
thousand (1000), the means of
egress shall not be less
than three (3); in excess
thereof, the means of egress
shall not be less than four (4).
No doors other than ……., the elevator car
door, ……..shall be allowed at the point of
access to an elevator car.
Elevator lobbies shall have access to at least

one exit.
 ”Exits shall be
located and exit
access shall be
arranged so that exits
are readily accessible
at all times.”
Shall be remotely located from each other as
possible, determined as follows:
A. No Sprinkler:
one-half (1/2) of the length of the
maximum over-all diagonal dimension
of the building or area to be served,
measured in a straight line between the
nearest edge of the exit doors or exit
access doors.
“FIRE SAFETY
IS OUR MAIN
CONCERN”
B. With sprinkler
the minimum separation distance
between two exits or exit access doors
shall not be less than one-third (1/3)
the length of the maximum overall
diagonal dimension of the building or
area to be served.
“FIRE SAFETY
IS OUR MAIN
CONCERN”
Where exit enclosures are provided and are
interconnected by not less than 1-hour fire
resistance-rated corridor, exit separation
shall be measured along the line of travel
within the corridor
Interlocking or
scissor stairs
shall be
considered
only as a
single exit for
new buildings.
 Means of egress shall be so arranged that
there are no dead-end pockets, hallways,
corridors, passage ways or courts whose
depth exceeds the limits specified in
individual occupancies by Divisions 8 through
17.
1. measured on the floor or other walking
surface along the center line of the natural
path of travel;
2. starting from the most remote point
subject to occupancy;
3. curving around any corner or construction
with a 30 cm clearance there from; and
4. and ending at the center of the doorway
or other point at which the exit begins.
* Where measurement includes stairs, it shall be

taken in the place of the tread nosing.
 Where any part of
an exterior way of exit
access is within 3 m
horizontal distance of
any unprotected
building opening, as
permitted by Section
10.2.5.5 for outside
stairs, the distance to
the exit shall include
the length of travel to
ground level
In no case shall access to exit be through a
bathroom, bedroom, or other room subject to
locking, except where the exit is required to
serve only the bedroom or other room
subject to locking, or adjoining rooms
constituting part of the same dwelling or
apartment used for single family occupancy.
 1. All exits shall terminate directly at a
public way or at an (exterior) exit
discharge. Yards, courts, open space
or other portions of the exit discharge
shall be of required width and size to
provide all occupants with a safe
access to a public way.
Where permitted, a maximum of 50% of the exits
may discharge through areas on the floor of
discharge provided all of the following
requirements are met:
1. Exits shall discharge to a free and

unobstructed way to the exterior of the
building and is readily visible and identifiable
from the point of discharge from the exit.
3. The entire area on the floor of discharge is

separated from areas below by construction
having a minimum of two-hour (2-hr) fire
resistance rating.
2. The floor of discharge into which the exit discharges and
any other portion of the level of discharge with access to
the discharge areas are protected with approved,
supervised sprinkler system or separated from it in
accordance with the requirement for the enclosure of exits
except if the discharge area is a vestibule or foyer
complying with all of the following, and where allowed in
Divisions 8 through 17:
a. The depth from the exterior of the building is not greater
than three meters (3m);
b. The length is not greater than six meters (6m);
c. The foyer is separated from the remainder of the level of
discharge by construction providing protection at least the
equivalent of wired glass in steel frames; and the foyer
serves only for means of egress including exits directly to
the outside.
Stairs and other exits shall be so arranged as to make
clear the direction of egress to the street. Exit stairs
that continue beyond the floor of discharge shall be
interrupted at the floor of discharge by partitions,
doors, or other effective means.
……exits may be accepted where discharging to
roofs or other sections of the building or
adjoining buildings, where the roof has a fire
resistance rating at least the equivalent of that
required for the exit enclosure, where there is
a continuous and safe means of egress from
the roof, and all other reasonable
requirements for the safety are maintained
“FIRE SAFETY
Minimum headroom shall not be
less than 2 meters.
IS OUR MAIN
CONCERN”
* min width – 71 cm clear width
* max width – 122 cm
* provision for re-entry mechanism for four
(4) or more storeys in height (every 4
storey)
* NO RE – ENTRY
PROCEED TO _______ FLOOR
AND ________ FLOOR
“FIRE SAFETY
IS OUR MAIN
CONCERN”
Table 2: DIMENSIONAL CRITERIA FOR NEW STAIRS
Dimensional Criteria
Feature
mm in
Minimum Width See Table 4
Maximum height of risers 180 7
Minimum height of risers 100 4
Minimum tread depth 280 11
Minimum headroom 2000 80
Maximum height between

3660 144
landings
Table 3: DIMENSIONAL CRITERIA FOR EXISTING STAIRS
Dimensional Criteria
Feature
mm in
Minimum width clear of all 915 36
obstructions, except projections
not more than 114 mm (4½ in) at or
below handrail height on each side
Maximum height of risers 205 8
Minimum tread depth 230 9
Minimum headroom 2000 80
Maximum height between landings 3660 144
Table 4: NEW STAIR WIDTH
Total Cumulative Occupant Width

Load Assigned to the Stair mm in
<2000 persons 1120 44
>2000 persons 1420 56
“FIRE SAFETY
IS OUR MAIN
CONCERN”
Smokeproof enclosures may be by any of the
following means:
 Natural Ventilation
 Mechanical Ventilation
 Stairway Pressurization
“FIRE SAFETY
IS OUR MAIN
CONCERN”
Table 5: DIMENSIONAL CRITERIA FOR NEW RAMPS
Dimensional
Feature Criteria
mm in
Minimum width clear of all 1120 44
obstructions, except projections
not more than 4½ in. (114 mm) at
or below handrail height on
each side
Maximum slope 1 in 12
Maximum cross slope 1 in 48

Maximum rise for a single ramp 760 30
run
PARTICULARS DIMENSIONS
Minimum widths 60 cm clear between rails
Minimum horizontal dimension any
60 cm
landing of platform
Maximum rise 23 cm
Minimum tread, exclusive of nosing 23 cm
Tread construction Solid, 13 mm diameter perforation permitted
Risers None
Maximum height between landings 3.66 m
Headroom, minimum 2.00 m
Door or casement windows 61 cm by 1.98 m or
Access to escape double hung windows 76.20 cm by 91.44 cm
clear
Level of access opening Not over 30.50 cm above floor; steps if higher
Discharge to ground Swinging stair section permitted
45 per unit* access by door; 20 if access by climbing
Capacity number of persons
over window rail
* No ladder shall be used as a fire escape
except in single and two family
dwellings and residential apartments of
not more than 3 storey provided that
the height shall not exceed 9 m.
* For purposes of this subsection,

mezzanine floors shall be counted as
ordinary floor.
“FIRE SAFETY
IS OUR MAIN
CONCERN”
Every stairway, elevator shaft, light and
ventilation shaft, chute and other
opening between storeys shall be
enclosed or protected to prevent the
spread of fire or smoke, except openings
of building protected by automatic fire
suppression system.
“FIRE SAFETY
IS OUR MAIN
CONCERN”
Exemption:
In any building with low or ordinary
hazard occupancy protected with
approved, supervised sprinkler
automatic fire suppressions system,
up to three (3) communicating floor
levels are permitted without enclosure
protection between floors
“FIRE SAFETY
IS OUR MAIN
CONCERN”
The following are declared as prohibited acts
and omissions:
A. Obstructing or blocking the exit ways or across to buildings
clearly marked for fire safety purposes, such as but not limited
to aisles in interior rooms, any part of stairways, hallways,
corridors, vestibules, balconies or bridges leading to a
stairway or exit of any kind, or tolerating or allowing said
violations;
B. Constructing gates, entrances and walkways to building

components and yards, and temporary or permanent
structures on public ways, which obstruct the orderly and
easy passage of fire fighting vehicles and equipment
C. Prevention, interference or obstruction of any operation of

the fire service, or of duly organized and authorized fire
brigades;
and omissions:
D. Obstructing designated fire lanes or access to

fire hydrants;
E. Overcrowding or admission of persons
beyond the authorized capacity in movie
houses, theaters, coliseums, auditoriums or
other public assembly buildings, except in
other assembly areas on the ground floor with
open sides or open doors sufficient to provide
safe exits;
F. Locking fire exits during period when people
are inside the building;
and omissions:
G. Prevention or obstruction of the automatic

closure of fire doors or smoke partitions or
dampers;
H. Use of fire protective or fire fighting

equipment of the fire service other than
for fire fighting except in other emergencies
where their use are justified;
I. Giving false or malicious fire alarms;

and omissions:
J. Smoking in prohibited areas as may be

determined by fire service, or throwing of
cigars, cigarettes, burning objects in places
which may start or cause fire;
K. Abandoning or leaving a building or structure

by the occupant or owner without
appropriate safety measures;
The following are declared as prohibited acts and
omissions:
L. Removing, destroying, tampering or obliterating

any authorized mark, seal, sign or tag posted or
required by the fire service for fire safety in any
building, structure or processing equipment; and
M. Use of jumpers or tampering with electrical wiring

or overloading the electrical system beyond its
designated capacity or such other practices that
would tend to undermine the fire safety features
of the electrical system.
Sec. 12.0.0.1 - Sources of Income
Sec. 12.0.0.2 - Fire Code Revenues
Sec. 12.0.0.3 - Assessment
Sec. 12.0.0.4 - Schedule of Fees and Fines
Sec. 12.0.0.5 - Manner of Collection
Sec. 12.0.0.6 - Designation of Collecting Officer
Sec. 12.0.0.7 - Utilization
Sec. 12.0.0.8 - Monitoring
Sec. 12.0.0.9 - Local Taxes, Fees and Fines
are
upon submission of a certification

from the Department of Social Welfare
and Development (DSWD).
are
.
A. The BFP shall collect the prescribed Fire Code
Revenues thru any of the following options:
 Direct payment thru Authorized
Government Servicing Bank (AGSB) or
Authorized Government Depository Bank
(AGDB);
 Collection by collecting officers; and
 Other options that the Chief, BFP may
later prescribe, subject to the existing
accounting and auditing rules and
regulations.
A. Fees to be charged for the issuance of
certificates, permits and licenses as provided
for in Section 7 of RA 9514;
B. One tenth of one per centum (0.10%) of the

verified estimated value of buildings or
structures to be erected, from the owner
thereof, but not to exceed fifty thousand
pesos (PhP50,000.00), at least fifty per
centum (50%) to be paid prior to the
issuance of the building permit, and the
balance, after final inspection and prior to
the issuance of use and occupancy permit;
C. One-hundredth of one per centum (0.01%)
of the assessed value of buildings or
structures annually payable upon payment of
the real estate tax, except on structures used
as single family dwellings;
D. Two per centum (2%) of all premiums,

excluding re-insurance premiums for the sale
of fire, earthquake and explosion hazard
insurance collected by companies, persons or
agents licensed to sell such insurances in the
Philippines;
E. Two per centum (2%) of gross sales of
companies, persons or agents selling fire
fighting equipment, appliances or devices,
including hazard detection and warning
systems; and
F. Two per centum (2%) of the service fees

received from fire, earthquake and explosion
hazard reinsurance surveys and post loss
service of insurance adjustment companies
doing business in the Philippines directly
through agents.
 Storage Clearance Fees.
 Conveyance Clearance Fees.
 Installation Clearance Fees.
 Other Clearance Fees.
 Administrative Fines.
Section 12.0.0.3
A. The assessment of fire code taxes,
fees/charges and fines as revenue is vested
upon the BFP. The Chief, BFP shall prescribe
the procedural rules for such purpose,
subject to the approval of the Secretary,
DILG.
B. The C/MFM having jurisdiction shall assess

the prescribed Fire Code revenues within his
area of jurisdiction.
Section 12.0.0.3
C. The Chief, BFP or his duly authorized

representative shall exercise the general
power to assess the prescribed fire code
taxes, fees/charges and fines for
installations, structures, facilities and
operations not within the jurisdiction of any
Fire Marshal or in any other condition as the
need arises thereto.
Section 12.0.0.3
D. The result of the assessment

shall be the basis for issuance of
Order of Payment Slip (OPS) by the
C/MFM having jurisdiction for
purposes of collection and
deposit.
1. Fire Code Construction Tax
(0.10% of the verified estimated
value of buildings or structures to
be erected)
* to be collected from the owner
* Bill of Materials – basis of

computation
434,346.46
1,991,917.40
824,300,000.00
P50,000.00
2. Fire Code Realty Tax
(0.01% of the assessed value of
buildings or structures annually
payable upon payment of real estate
tax)
* to be collected from owners
* Tax Declaration/Assessment from

the Municipal/City Assessor – basis
of computation
238,990
238,990
238.99
3. Fire Code Premium Tax
(2% of all premiums for the sale of fire,
earthquake and explosion hazard
insurance)
* to be collected from owners of

insurance companies
* Audited Financial Statement of the

Company for the Previous CY or a
certification from the Accountant –
basis of computation
4,407,060.42
4. Fire Code Sales Tax
(2% of gross sales of companies, persons or
agents selling firefighting equipment,
appliances or devices, including hazard
detection and warning systems)
* to be collected from sellers or installers
* Audited Financial Statementof the Company

for the Previous CY or the total contract cost
in case of installations – basis of computation
28,266,154.10
565,323.08
5. Fire Code Proceeds Tax
(2% of the service fees received from fire,
earthquake and explosion hazard reinsurance
surveys and post loss service of insurance
adjustment companies)
* to be collected from owners of insurance

adjustment companies
* Audited Financial Statement of the Company for

the Previous CY or a Certification from the
Accountant detailing such fees – basis of
computation
6. Fire Safety Inspection Fee
(Fees for the conduct of fire safety inspection
equivalent to ten percent (10%) of all fees
charged by the building official, or by the Local
Government Unit, or by other government
agencies concerned in the granting of permits or
licenses)
* to be collected from owners of business

establishments securing FSIC
* Tax Bill/Assessment from the Business Permits

and License Office/Treasurer’s Office
3,002.50
11,792.50
1,179.25
7. Storage Clearance Fee
(Feesderived from the storage of
flammable and combustible
materials)
* Section 12.0.0.4 (Schedule of

Fees and Fines) – basis of
computation
1. Storage Clearance Fee - storage clearance shall be issued
upon payment of a fee based on the storage capacity
as indicated:
a. Flammable/combustible solids
i. Calcium carbide
STORAGE CAPACITY ANNUAL FEES

(in kilograms) (in PhP)
From 40 to 80 14.00
Over 80 to 200 18.00
Over 200 to 2,000 36.00
Over 2,000 to 4,000 54.00
Over 4,000 to 20,000 72.00
Over 20,000 to 40,000 90.00
Over 40,000 to 200,000 135.00
Over 200,000 180.00
135.00
8. Conveyance Clearance Fee
(Fees derived from transporting
flammable and combustible
materials)
* Section 12.0.0.4 (Schedule of

Fees and Fines) – basis of
computation
a. For every conveyance clearance issued on
cargo trucks or motor vehicles with a load
capacity not exceeding 2,000 liters of
inflammable liquid with a flash point of
93.3oC payable annually…… ……PhP 500.00
i. For every additional 400 liters

or fraction thereof…… ……………20.00
9. Installation Clearance Fee
(Fees derived from installation of
tanks and pipes of flammable and
combustible substances and fire
protection systems)
* Section 12.0.0.4 (Schedule of Fees

and Fines) – basis of computation
 3. Installation Clearance Fee – For installing
gas and liquid systems other than at bulk
premises, an Installation Clearance shall be
issued upon payment of the installer of the
amount as prescribed below:
a. Gases (LPG, CNG and other compressed

gases) exceeding 454 liters water capacity
PhP ……………………………………… 80.00
For every additional 100 liters water capacity

or fraction thereof in excess of 454
liters………………………………………… 20.00
10. Fire Code Fines
(Fees derived from the imposition of
administrative fines)
* Review of Sections 12.0.0.4 B, 13.0.0.2,

13.0.0.3, 13.0.0.4, and 13.0.0.6.
11. Other Clearance Fee
a. Fireworks display - P 300.00
b. Fumigation/
Fogging - P 100.00
c. Fire Drill - P 200.00
d. Hotworks - P 150.00
e. Fire Incident
Clearance - P 100.00
11. Other Clearance Fee
f. Certified True Copy of FSIC - P 100.00
g. Certified True Copy of FSEC - P 100.00
h. Certified True Copy of Fire
Clearance - P 100.00
i. Other clearances/clearances - P 200.00
Sec. 13.0.0.1 - General Guidelines
Sec. 13.0.0.2 - Fixing of Fines
Sec. 13.0.0.3 - Jurisdiction
Sec. 13.0.0.4 - General Procedures
Sec. 13.0.0.5 - Public Nuisance
Sec. 13.0.0.6 - Period for Collecting Violations
Sec. 13.0.0.7 - Penalties for Specific Individuals
A. Fines
Before a fine is imposed, the violator shall first be
informed of his violation/s and ordered to correct the
same immediately, if feasible, or within a reasonable
period of time as prescribed in Section 13.0.0.6 of this
IRR. At the expiration of the period to comply the
deficiency/deficiencies, a re-inspection shall be
conducted to determine compliance. If compliance
was not effected or if compliance does not conform
to the required standards, the first violation is
committed and the violator shall be fined and further
ordered to effect the correction.
Repeated failure on the part of the violator to effect

corrections will constitute subsequent violations.
Administrative fines shall be imposed for every
violation.
C. Stoppage of Operations/Closure of Building
shall be resorted to
when the offender fails to comply with the
abatement order.
2. Recourse to closure of the building and/or
stoppage of operations may likewise be
resorted to
such that evacuation of the

building or establishment and stoppage of
operations therein are extremely
necessary.
A. Administrative fines shall be determined as
follows:
1. When the violation carries an administrative
fine which has a rate per unit volume,
weight or unit, the fine shall be computed by
multiplying the weight/volume/unit by the
rate.
follows:
2. Where the violation carries a fine within a
certain range (for example, PhP 25,000.00 –
PhP 37,500.00), the fine increases with the
number of times a violation of the same
provision is committed:
First violation – the fine shall be the minimum
amount in the range.
Second violation – the fine shall be the
maximum amount in the range.
follows:
3. When two or more offenses are committed,
the same procedures in para “A” 1 and 2
above shall be followed, but the fine shall
be sum of all administrative fines; Provided,
that the total fines shall not exceed PhP
50,000.00.
B. Failure to Pay Fine
Failure on the part of the violator to pay the
administrative fine within the period fixed in the
Notice
.
A. Imposition of Fines
1. Fines up to PhP 30,000.00 shall be imposed
by the C/MFM having jurisdiction.
2. Fines exceeding PhP 30,000.00 but not more
than PhP 40,000.00 shall be imposed by the
P/DFM having jurisdiction.
3. Fines exceeding PhP 40,000.00 up to PhP
50,000.00 shall be imposed by the RD having
jurisdiction.
B. Stoppage of Operation/Closure of Buildings
This penalty shall be imposed by the RD upon
the recommendation of the C/MFM having
jurisdiction thru channel.
The implementation of this order may be
delegated to the P/DFM having jurisdiction.
C. Declaration of Public Nuisance
The declaration of a building, structure or facility
as a public nuisance pursuant to Section 9 of
RA 9514 shall be made by the Chief, BFP upon
the recommendation of the C/MFM having
jurisdiction thru channel.
Owner/Bldg
Fire Safety Inspector C/MFM Administrator/Person
Responsible
Submit Inspection Issue Comply with

Report NOTICE TO COMPLY Requirements
Issue
Submit 1st Re- Comply with
NOTICE TO CORRECT
Inspection Report Requirements
VIOLATIONS
Submit 2nd Re- Issue Comply with

Inspection Report ABATEMENT ORDER Requirements
Recommend for Issuance of

Submit 3rd Re-
ORDER FOR STOPPAGE OF
Inspection Report
OPERATIONS/CLOSURE OF BLDG
ADMINISTRATIVE
COURSES OF ACTION
 Citation of the specific provisions of the Fire
Code and its IRR that were violated;
 Specific actions/corrections that should be
complied with; and
 Period of compliance not exceeding 15 days.
BACK
 Issue Notice to Correct Violation/s to
person responsible for the condition of the
building/structure.
 Put up a sign in front of the building or
structure that it is a fire hazard.
 Impose the corresponding administrative

BACK
fines for the violation/s.
 Issue Abatement Order to person
responsible for the condition of the
building/structure.
 Effect the continuous posting of sign in front
of the building or structure that it is a fire
hazard.
 Impose the administrative fines for the
violation/s.
BACK
 Effect the continuous posting of sign in front
of the building or structure that it is a fire
hazard.
 Recommend, through channel, to the RD
for the issuance of an Order for Stoppage
of Operations/Closure of Building;
BACK
E. During re-inspection under para “B” to “D”
of this Section,
.
In lieu thereof,
.
For this purpose, the owner shall attach in
his affidavit the contract of works, if any.
F. An Order to Pay Fine shall be issued
immediately without the need of issuing a
Notice to Comply/Correct Violations for the
violations which shall be corrected
immediately or within 24 hours as provided
in Section 13.0.0.6 (Period for Correcting
Violations.
Any building or structure assessed and declared
by the C/MFM having jurisdiction as
shall be recommended for

declaration as public nuisance to the Chief, BFP.
A. Imminent Danger
1. An establishment shall be declared an
imminent danger
;
2. A
shall be declared imminent
danger if of the violations are
committed.
3. A
shall be declared imminent
danger if of the violations
are committed.
A. Imminent Danger
 Insufficient exit width

 Absence of fire-resistive enclosure for main and
secondary exit
 Swing of exit door against the flow of travel
 Obstructed/padlocked fire exit
 Absence/defective fire alarm and smoke detection
system
 Absence/inadequate automatic battery-operated
emergency light or illuminated exit signs
 Absence of standpipe system
 Absence of automatic fire suppression system
B. Procedures
to the owner,
administrator, occupant or other person
responsible for the condition of the building,
structure and their premises or facilities. The
notice shall contain the grounds relied upon in
declaring the same as public nuisance.
2. Upon receipt of the notice, the owner,
administrator, occupant or other
:
A. Against Private Person
1. Administrative Penalties
a. The owner, administrator, occupant or other person
responsible for the condition of the building, structure
and their premises or facilities who violates any
provision of the Fire Code or any of its implementing
rules and regulations shall be penalized by:
i. Administrative fine not exceeding PhP 50,000.00;
or
ii. Stoppage of operations or closure of such
buildings, structures and their premises or facilities
which do not comply with the requirements; or
iii. Both such administrative fine and closure of
building/stoppage of operations to be imposed
by the proper authorities.
Provided that, payment of the fine,

stoppage of operations and/or closure of
such buildings, structures, and their
premises or facilities shall
.
2. Punitive Penalties
a. In case of willful failure to correct the

deficiency or abate the fire hazard as
provided in the preceding subsection, the
violator shall, upon conviction, be punished
by:
i. Imprisonment of not less than 6 months
nor more than 6 years; or
ii. By a fine of not more than PhP
100,000.00; or
iii. Both such fine and imprisonment.
Provided, however, that in the case of a

corporation, firm, partnership or association, the
fine and/or imprisonment shall be imposed
upon its officials responsible for such violation,
and in case the guilty party is an alien, in
addition to the penalties herein prescribed, he
shall immediately be deported:
b. Any person who, without authority,
placed by the authorized

person in this Code shall be liable for
in the
discretion of the court.
c. Any person, who
, shall be penalized with

.
3. In all cases mentioned above, regardless of

whether the violation is categorized as
administrative or punitive,
.
B. Against Public Officer
The acts or omissions enumerated under para

2 (A) of Section 11 of RA 9514 shall render the
public officer/employee in charge of the
enforcement of the Fire Code, its implementing
rules and regulations and other pertinent laws,
at the
discretion of the disciplining authority,
depending on the gravity of the offense.
B. Against Public Officer
In case of willful violation involving the

abovementioned acts or omissions enumerated
under para 2(A) of Section 11 of RA 9514, the
such fine and

imprisonment.
Provided that
.
Sec. 14.0.0.1 - Appeal
Sec. 14.0.0.2 - Citizen Participation
Sec. 14.0.0.3 - Implementing Details
Sec. 14.0.0.4 - General Powers of the Chief, BFP
Sec. 14.0.0.5 - Separability Clause
Sec. 14.0.0.6 - Repealing and Amending Clause
Sec. 14.0.0.7 - Effectivity
under the Fire
Code and its IRR, by an Officer pursuant to
Rule 13 of this IRR
from
receipt of the pertinent order or notice.
For this purpose, next higher authority refers
to:
; the
; the
; and
lastly the .
, except
in cases of stoppage of operation and
closure of buildings where appeal may be
elevated up to the SILG.
Decisions of the SILG shall be final and
executory.
A. Cooperation with BFP
The Fire Code and its IRR are designed to
achieve fire safety in the community. To this
end, inspections are to be conducted by
elements of the BFP. All inspections of premises
shall be done by duly designated and
authorized BFP personnel in distinctive uniform,
with proper identification cards and mission
orders.
.
B. Individual and Group Initiative
in order for them to take the necessary

contingent actions during fire emergencies and
eventually avoid unnecessary loss of life and
property.
have the authority to
such as may be
necessary to carry out the provisions of RA
9514 and these Rules and Regulations,
.
A. It is the duty of the Chief ,BFP to ensure strict
implementation of the Fire Code and its
implementing Rules and Regulations.
B. However, in cases of existing of existing buildings
which when forced to comply will compromise
the structural stability/integrity, the Chief , BFP
may accept adequate alternative and/or
remedial fire safety measures in lieu of the fire
safety requirements of this IRR upon application
by the owner/occupant/building administrator of
the building or structure.
C. For this purpose, a Technical Committee shall be
created to assist the Chief, BFP in determining the
adequacy of the said alternative measures.
D. The basis for the evaluation of the Technical
Committee shall be in accordance with an
implementing guidelines approved by the
Secretary of the Interior and Local Government.
If any provision of this IRR or the application
thereof to any person or circumstances is
declared unconstitutional or invalid by a
competent court, the other sections and
provisions hereof which are not affected
thereby shall continue to be in full force.
All administrative orders, rules and
regulations, memoranda, circulars and
other issuances inconsistent herewith or
contrary to the provisions of these rules and
regulations are hereby repealed and/or
modified accordingly.
These Implementing Rules and Regulations
shall take effect 30 days after publication
of the last installment in a newspaper of
general circulation.
TRAINING COURSE
MODULE 2
FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY ASSESSMENT

ANALYSIS
1. FALAR
2. BUILDING FIRE SAFETY
BUILDING FIRE SAFETY
Stage 1. Pre-flashover or growth phase
Stage 2. Flashover
Stage 3. Fully developed fire (Stable Phase)
Stage 4. Decay (Cooling Period)
Air Temperature
Human Response
Irreversible injury to dry skin

within 30 second
Intolerable within 5 minutes

Tolerable for less than 1 hour

(depends on humidity, clothing worn,
and level of physical exertion)
Human comfort zone conditions

(depends on humidity, air motion,
and other factors)
The amount of material which is able to
burn and release heat and smoke. In a
compartment, limitation of fuel will help to
reduce the dangers of heat and smoke.
Fire could spread from one compartment into

neighboring compartments by conduction,
convection, radiation, ultimately to involve the
entire building and to the other buildings in the
vicinity.
Conduction
-is heat transfer through solid materials.
Convection
-is heat transfer by air motion.
Radiation
-is heat transfer by electromagnetic waves.
> Combustibility
> heat release
> surface spread of flame
> ignitability
> smoke toxicity
It applies to an element of construction (a structural

member, a ceiling, a partition, a door, a window, a
roof, a wall, a floor, etc…), or to an assembly of
elements.
Testing standard for Material Characteristic
(Reaction to Fire) with accordance to BS 476
Part 4 to 11  Materials only

Part 4  Non-Combustibility
Part 5  Ignitability
Part 6  Fire propagation
Part 7  Surface spread of flame
Part 11  Heat emission
Testing standard for Fire Performance (Resistance to
Fire) with accordance to BS 476
Part 20  Methods for determination of the fire

resistance of elements of construction
(general principles)
Part 21  Load bearing elements of construction
Part 22  Non-Load bearing elements of construction
Part 23  Suspended ceilings and door seals
Part 24  Ventilation and smoke extraction duct
systems
Fire safety in buildings covers both the
safety of occupants, fire fighters,
building and contents, together with
buildings in the vicinity.
To achieve the life safety objective, it is

necessary to provide the building with
adequate protected escape route which
lead to places of ultimate safety.
Pro-active (Passive) protection includes elements
of the building construction such as structural
protection and compartmentation to contain fire
and smoke. Pro-active (Passive) measures are
there primarily to contain and limit fire spread,
smoke, and heat, so as to provide a safe
environment for escape and rescue. Pro-active
measures can support smoke management
systems by providing fire resistance to smoke
extract ducts.
Active systems are those which operate only on
the detection of fire, heat or smoke. Those
systems such as water-based systems (sprinklers)
are aimed at giving an early alarm signal and
suppressing the growth of the fire by means of
water spray. They are expected to react at the
early stage of the development of fire.
Note: Buildings shall be designed to incorporate both

passive and active protection systems which are
complementary measures to achieve an optimum result.
 The efficiency of Passive Fire Protection systems is measured by its Stability,
Integrity, and Insulation where combining all these properties will extend
the building element’s capability to prevent the fire from spreading and failure
of structural elements;
 Fire Ratings consist of three numbers, for example 60/60/60. This numbers are
in minutes and refer to:
Stability  The protected load bearing element fulfills its function

during the entire fire resistance period
Integrity  The system does not allow spread of fire or hot gasses
Insulation  The temperature increase of the unexposed side of the

system remains under set limits during the entire fire
resistance period
Objectives:
Fire compartments are generally included in building
design to limit fire and smoke spread so that people have
longer time to escape.
Factors affecting the level of compartmentation:

• occupancy load
• building type or purpose
• fire load
• Height
• active fire systems
Power cables for fire lifts, sprinkler pumps,
smoke detectors, fire alarms, etc….
 Computer cables
 Telecommunication cables
 Wet risers
 Gas pipes
Objectives:
 The first priority of the fire resistance is to enable
firefighters to bring a fire under control, or to
carry out search and rescue operations without
the building collapsing.
* controlling spread of fire by compartmentation
* preventing structural collapse for a period of
time
* maintaining the integrity of key access routes
to a level greater than that required
for escape
Objectives:
The second priority in fire safety design is to
provide adequate means of escape for the
building occupants.
* stability of structure exposed to a fire during
the escape period
* compartments to be provided to keep smoke
and heat away from escaping occupants
The third priority of fire resistance is to prevent

disproportionate damage to property.
(Depending on following factors)
* the way they are heated
* the temperature reached
* the type of building materials used
* the way they are stressed
* Concrete
* Steel
* Timber
* Masonry
* Calcium Silicate Materials
* Gypsum Plaster
* Glass
Requirements of Building Components
* Walls * Floor * Roofs

Requirements of Building Components
 Objectives:
The primary objective of smoke control is to

reduce the hazard due to smoke by control of its
movement, and by the reduction of its
concentration to increase visibility.
• Active fire system are designed to detect and
suppress a fire through a process of detection,
activation and suppression. And at the same time,
alarms are raised to the building management
and the occupants for evacuation as well as the
fire brigades for further assistance.
• Such systems are fairly costly as they generally

require sophisticated electronic equipment to
operate properly.
To control smoke spread:
- By providing ventilation and extract system.
- By providing smoke detectors in ducts in order
to activate the smoke barriers.
- By providing automatic controls for the HVAC
system.
- By installing pressurization to the stairwells.
- Limiting the quantities of smoke by using
sprinklers.
- By providing automatic door releases to smoke
control and fire doors.
To limit fire spread within the fire building:
- By providing compartmentation by installing fire
dampers in ducts.
- Controlling the fire spread by installing sprinklers.
To prevent fire spread to other buildings:

- Maintaining the integrity of glazing by using
drenchers.
To allow rapid egress:

- By providing detection and alarm systems.
- By providing illuminated sign and emergency
lighting.
To facilitate Fire Service operations:
- By providing alarms with direct connection to the
Fire Service.
- By providing riser mains within the building
To prevent structural collapse:

- Controlling the fire with sprinklers.
To minimize damage to the building and its

contents:
- Controlling or extinguishing the fire with sprinklers.
To control fire growth:
- By specifying suitable covering materials, including
consideration on the type of paint, colour of paint ,
thickness of wallpapers, thickness of veneer, etc., for
walls and ceilings that do not support rapid flame
spread.
To control smoke spread:

- By installing smoke stop doors lobbies.
- Ensuring that doors are closed.
- By sealing the penetrations.
 To limit spread within the fire building:
- A building can be divided into “fire compartments” or
“fire cells” with barriers, which prevent fire spread for the
fire exposure design time. The reasons for providing
compartmentation include limiting the area of possible
loss, separating different occupancies, isolating hazards, or
protecting escape routes. Barriers are usually horizontal
floors or vertical walls. Besides that, compartmentation can
also be achieved by ensuring that doors are closed,
controlling vertical shafts and seal penetrations.
- Partition ceiling spaces and other concealed spaces.
To prevent fire spread to other buildings:
- By limiting the size of windows and type of glazing.
- Boundary walls must have sufficient fire resistance,
in order to remain standing and contain a fire for the
fire exposure design time.
To allow rapid egress:
- By providing safe egress routes.
To minimize damage to the building and its
contents:
- By controlling the extent of the fire and smoke
through compartmentation.
To facilitate Fire Service operations:
- By providing fire resistant access within the
building, preferably a separate access from the main
egress system, including fireman’s lift to prevent
overload of the egress system (firemen going up,
evacuees going down). The fire access shall be
classified as an essential service and shall prove that it
will stay in place for the appropriate time to allow the
fire fighters to have access to the fire.
To prevent structural collapse:
-By controlling the extent of the fire through
compartmentation.
-Structural elements must be provided with sufficient
fire resistance to maintain stability for the fire exposure
design time. Prevention of collapse is essential for load-
bearing structural members and for load-bearing
barriers, which perform a fire-containing function.
Structural fire resistance must be provided to main
structural elements, and to secondary elements, which
support or provide stability to barriers or main
members. This is especially important for buildings,
such as hospitals, where total evacuation during a fire is
not possible and “defend in place” are practiced.
Local Code:
Implementing Rules and Regulation (IRR) of Republic Act (RA)
9514 Fire Code of the Philippines 2008, as follows but not limited to::
 Division 6 Section 10.2.6.1 “Construction and Compartmentation”
 Division 6 Section 10.2.6.2 “Protection of Vertical Opening and
Combustible Concealed Spaces”
 National Building Code of the Philippines, PD 1096
International Code:
 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 101 Fire and Life Safety Code
 International Building Code (IBC) 2006.
TRAINING COURSE
MODULE 3
FIRE ALARM AND DETECTION SYSTEMS

INSPECTION, TESTING AND
MAINTENANCE
SECTION 10.2.6.4 FIRE DETECTION, ALARM,
AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
This provisions cover the basic functions of a complete
fire alarm system, including fire detection, alarm, and
communications. These systems are primarily intended to
provide the indication and warning of abnormal
conditions, the summoning of appropriate aid, and the
control of occupancy facilities to enhance protection of
life.
Fire detection, alarm, and communications systems
installed to make use of an alternative permitted by this
Code shall be considered required systems and shall
meet the provisions of this Code applicable to required
systems.
A fire alarm system required for life safety shall be
installed, tested, and maintained in accordance with the
applicable requirements of NFPA 70, National
Electrical Code, and NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm
Code, unless it is an approved existing installation,
which shall be permitted to be continued in use.
To ensure operational integrity, the fire alarm system
shall have an approved maintenance and testing
program complying with the applicable requirements of
NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, and NFPA 72,
National Fire Alarm Code.
Records of conducted maintenance and testing and a

copy of the certificate of compliance should be
maintained.
A. General
 When a required fire alarm system is out of service
for more than 4 hours in a 24-hour period, the
C/MFM having jurisdiction shall be notified within 24
hours, and a fire watch shall be assigned until the fire
alarm system has been returned to service.
 To ensure operational integrity, the fire alarm system

shall have an approved maintenance and testing
program.
A fire watch should at least involve some special action

beyond normal staffing, such as assigning an additional
security guard(s) to walk the areas affected. Such
individuals should be specially trained in fire
prevention and in occupant and fire department
notification techniques, and they should understand
the particular fire safety situation for public education
purposes.
It is the intent of the Code that the fire watch result in a

heightened awareness of the building’s operations and
environment. Individuals assigned to the fire watch
should be able to recognize fire hazards and understand
the procedures for occupant and fire department
notification and occupant evacuation in an
emergency.
When developing a plan to address system shutdown, it

is important to consider the nature of the shutdown, the
location, the increased hazards that are involved, and
the actions necessary to mitigate the hazards. The
authority having jurisdiction should be involved in the
development of such a plan. A parallel requirement in
addresses sprinkler system shutdown.
A complete fire alarm system shall provide functions for

initiation, notification, and control, which shall perform as
follows:
(1) The initiation function provides the input signal to the
system.
(2) The notification function is the means by which the
system advises that human action is required in
response to a particular condition.
(3) The control function provides outputs to control
building equipment to enhance protection of life.
Protection of Fire Alarm System.
In areas that are not continuously occupied, and unless

otherwise permitted automatic smoke detection shall be
installed to provide notification of fire at the following
locations:
(1) Each fire alarm control unit
(2) Notification appliance circuit power extenders
(3) Supervising station transmitting equipment

B. Signal Initiation
1. Means of initiation:
a. Manual initiation.
b. Automatic detection.
c. Extinguishing system operation.
2. Manual fire alarm boxes shall be used only for fire
protective signalling purposes.
3. Manual fire alarm box shall be provided in the natural
path of escape from fire near each exit.
4. Additional fire alarm boxes shall be so located that
from any part of the building not more than 30 m
horizontal distance.
5. For fire alarm systems using automatic fire detection
or waterflow detection devices, at least one manual
fire alarm box shall be provided.
6.Where a sprinkler system provides automatic

detection and alarm initiation it shall be provided
with an alarm initiation.
7.Where a complete smoke detection system is

required by another section of this Code, automatic
detection of smoke shall be provided in all
occupiable areas.
C. Smoke Alarms
 Required by Division 8 through 17 of this Chapter.
D. Occupant Notification
1. Signal notification to alert occupants of fire or other
emergencies.
2. Pres--ignal system may be permitted where fire alarm
signal is automatically transmitted.
3. Positive alarm sequence may be permitted, provided
that it is in accordance with NFPA 72.
4. Signals for occupants to evacuate shall be by audible and
visible.
5. General evacuation alarm signal shall operate
throughout the entire building.
E. Emergency Forces Notification
1. Shall be provided to alert the nearest fire station
and fire brigade.
2. Fire alarm system shall be arranged to transmit the
alarm automatically.
3.Automatic fire department notification through
central station shall be mandatory.
F. Emergency Control
1. Fire alarm and control system shall be activate
automatically the control functions.
2. Activated by the complete fire alarm system:
G. Location of Controls
 Operator controls, alarm indicators, and manual
communications capability shall be installed in a control
center.
H. Annunciation
1. Alarm annunciation shall comply with the
requirements of the para (2) through para (7) below.
2. Alarm annunciation at the control center shall be by
means of audible and visible indicators.
There are number of reasons for installing fire detection,
alarm, and communications system in buildings and other
properties. Each of this systems is designed to fulfill
specific needs. The following are recognized functions.
1. To notify occupants of a facility to take

necessary evasive action to escape the dangers
of a hostile fire,
2. To summon organized assistance to initiate or to
assist in fire control,
3. To initiate automatic fire control and
suppression systems and to sound an alarm,
4. To supervise fire control and suppression systems to
ensure that operational status is maintained,
5. To initiate a wide variety of auxiliary functions
involving environmental, utility, and process
controls(including control of elevators).
Individual fire detection, alarm, and communications

may incorporate one or all of these features. Such
systems may include components that operate
mechanically, hydraulically, pneumatically, or electrically,
but most state-of-art systems operate electronically.
TYPES OF FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
The most basic alarm system is designed to only
initiated manually-that is, by pulling a handle , While this
systems are properly termed protected premises fire
alarm systems, they are more commonly called local
warning systems - does not notify the fire department.
There are four basic types of automatic alarm-

initiating devises. They are design to detect heat, smoke,
fire gases, or flame.
HEAT DETECTORS
Fixed-Temperature Heat Detectors

relatively inexpensive compared to other type,
least prone to false activation,
activate when they are heated to the temperature
for which they are rated,
installed in the highest portions of a room
rated 135°F – 174°F are common for living spaces
200°F or more for attic and other areas
Fix-Temperature activate by one more of three
mechanisms:
1. Expansion of heated material (fusible link ; bimetallic

2. Melting of heated material (frangible bulb)
3. Changes in resistance of heated material (continuous
line)
Fusible devices/frangible bulbs

commonly associated with automatic sprinklers
also used in fire detection and signalling systems
Fusible device
normally held in place by a solder with a know
melting temperature,
connecting link device that fuses or melts when
exposed to heat,
used in sprinklers, fire doors, dampers, and
ventillators,
also know as fusible link
Fusible device
normally held in place by a solder with a know
melting temperature,
connecting link device that fuses or melts when
exposed to heat,
used in sprinklers, fire doors, dampers, and
ventilators,
also know as fusible link ,
when solder melts allowing the spring to close the
contact points,
closing of contact points completes the alarm
circuit initiate an alarm signal
Frangible bulb
small glass vial fitted into the discharge orifice
glass vial partly filled with a liquid that expands

at a predetermined temperature , vapour
pressure causes the glass bulb to break causing
water to flow
Continuous line detector
can detect heat over a linear area parallel to the
detector,
consist of a cable with a conductive metal inner
core sheathed with stainless tubing,
the inner core and the sheath are separated by an
electrically insulating semiconductor materials,
that keeps them from touching but allows a small
amount of current to flow between the two,
this insulation loses some of its electrical resistance
capabilities at a predetermined temperature
anywhere along the line,
the current flow between the two component
increases,
Wired-type continuous line heat detector
two insulated wires with an outer covering,
the rated temperature is reached , the insulation
melts and allows the wires to touch,
this complete the circuit and initiates an alarm
signal,
to restore this type of line detector, the fused
portion of the wire must be cut out and replaced
with new wire.
Bimetallic detector
uses two metals that have different thermal
expansion characteristics,
thin strips of the metals are bonded , one or both
ends of the strips are attached to the alarm
circuit,
one metal expands faster than the other one,
causing the strip to arch or bend,
the deflection of the strip either makes or breaks
contact in the alarm circuit,
initiating an alarm through the system control unit.
Rate- of- Rise Heat Detector
Temperature-sensitive device that sounds an alarm

when the temperature changes at a preset value
in one minute,
most rate-of-rise heat detectors are reliable and not
subject o false activations,
they can be activated under non fire condition
There are several different types of rate- of – rise heat
detectors in use; automatically reset if they are
undamaged.
Pneumatic rate-of-rise spot detector

consists of a small dome-shaped air chamber with
flexible metal diaphragm in the base,
small metering hole allows air to enter and exit the
chamber,
the air within the chamber expands faster than it
can escape,
this expansion causes the pressure within the
chamber to increase,
forcing the metal diaphragm against contact points
in the alarm circuit .
Pneumatic rate-of-rise line detector
spot detectors monitors a small area surrounding its

location,
a line detector can monitor large areas,
the tubing in the system must be limited to about
300 meter in length,
tubing normally arranged in rows that are not more
than 10 meter apart and 5 m from walls,
Rate –compensated detector
Design for use in areas normally subject to regular
temperature changes that are slower than those under fire
conditions.
consist of an outer metallic sleeve that encases two
bowed struts;
struts have a slower expansion rate than the sleeve,
with electrical contacts,
when heated rapidly, the outer sleeve expands in
length , this expansion reduces the tension on the
inner strips and allows the contacts to come
together, thus initiating an alarm signal through
the system control unit.
Thermoelectric detector
operates on the principle that two(2) wires of
dissimilar metals are twisted together and
heated at one end,
an electrical current is generated at the other end,
the rate at which the wires are heated determines
the amount of current that is generated,
designed to “bleed off’ or dissipate small
amounts of current,
which reduces the chance of a small temperature
change activating an alarm unnecessarily,
rapid changes in temperature result in large
amounts of current flowing and activation of the
alarm system.
Smoke Detectors/Alarms
Smoke detector
alarm initiating device designed to actuate when
visible products of combustion( other than fire
gases) are present in the room or space where the
unit is installed.
Smoke alarm
a device designed to sound alarm when the
products of combustion are present in the room,
where the device is installed,
alarm is built into the device rather than being a
separate system.
Two types of smoke detector
Photoelectric smoke detector
type of smoke detector that uses a small light

source, either an incandescent bulb or a light
emitting diode(LED) , to detect smoke by
shinning light through the detector’s
chamber , smoke particles reflect the light into a
light-sensitive device called photocell.
FUNCTION IN TWO WAYS TO DETECT SMOKE
Beam application
uses beam of light that focuses across the area
the photoelectric cell converts the beam into
electric current,
smoke obscure the path of the light beam,
the switch closes, and an alarm signal is initiated.
FUNCTION IN TWO WAYS TO DETECT SMOKE
Refractory photo cell
uses a light beam that passes through a small
chamber at a point away from the light source,
smoke enters the chamber, causes the light
beam refracted,
light strikes the photocell causing current to flow-
switch close and transmit alarm initiation,
works satisfactorily on all types of fire and more
sensitive to smoldering fires.
Two types of smoke detector
Ionization smoke detector

type of smoke detector that uses a small amount
of radioactive material to make the air within a
sensing chamber conduct electricity.
minute particles too small can be detected by a tiny

amount of radioactive material to ionize air molecules
ionize particles allow current to flow between (-) and
(+) plates within the chamber,
satisfactorily responds to most fire- flaming rather than
smoldering ones.
Flame detectors
type of smoke detector that uses a small amount

of radioactive material to make the air within a
sensing chamber conduct electricity.
minute particles too small can be detected by a tiny

amount of radioactive material to ionize air molecules
ionize particles allow current to flow between (-) and
(+) plates within the chamber,
satisfactorily responds to most fire- flaming rather than
smoldering ones.
Flame detectors
detection and alarm devices used in some fire detection

systems (generally in high hazard areas) that detect
light/flames in the ultraviolet wave spectrum (UV
detectors) or detect light in the infrared wave
spectrum(IR detectors) also called light detectors.
among the most sensitive detectors,

usually positioned where other light source are unlikely,
position-an obstructed view of the protected area,
IR detectors are sensitive to sunlight- fully enclosed area,
require a flickering motion of flame to initiate an alarm.
Fire- Gas detectors
device used to detect gases produced by a fire within a

confined space such as:
Water vapour Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide,
hydrogen chloride, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen
fluoride, hydrogen sulfide
will initiate an alarm signal somewhat faster than heat

detector but not quickly as smoke detector,
more discriminating than other than types of
detector, uses either semiconductor or catalytic
elements to sense the gas and transmit the signal to
initiate the alarm.
Combination detectors
Alarm-initiating device capable of detecting an abnormal

condition by more than one means. The most common
combination detectors is the fixed-temperature/rate -of–
rise heat detector.
COMBINATION INCLUDE
Fixed temperature/rate-of-rise heat detectors

Heat/Smoke detectors
Smoke/fire-gas detectors
Indicating device
A variety of audible and visible alarm-indicating devices

are also in use.
some produced a loud signal to attract attention in

high-noise areas;
some generate an electronic tone that is audible in
almost type of environment;
some system employ bells, horns, or chimes , other
speaker that broadcast pre-recorded evacuation
instruction.
AUTOMATIC ALARM
This signal produces an automatic response upon activation
of the local alarm at the protected premises. Various brands of
alarm systems do this signalling with dedicated wire pairs, leased
telephone lines, fiber optic cable, or wireless communication links.
installed to complement either wet pipe or dry pipe
sprinkler systems;
devices capable of sensing a sudden increase or decrease in
pressure can detect movement or flow of water;
NOTE:
minimize false alarm = flow equal to that of a single
sprinkler
1. Alarm actuated by heat, gas, smoke , flame-sensing
devices, or waterflow in a sprinkler system conveyed to
local alarm bells or the fire station;
2. Alarm boxes that automatically transmit a coded signal
to the fire station to give the location of the alarm box.
AUXILIARY SYSTEMS
that connects the protected property with the fire
department alarm communications center by a municipal
master fire alarm box or over a dedicated telephone line.
There are three basic types of auxiliary system:
LOCAL ENERGY SYSTEM
used only in those communities that are served by a

municipal fire alarm box systems;
within an occupancy attached - hardwired or radio-type
municipal fire alarm master box;
it trips the alarm box – transmit an alarm to the fire alarm
center;
initiated by manual pull stations , automatic fire detection
devices , or water flow devices.
SHUNT SYSTEM
those in which the municipal alarm circuit extends into

protected property;
the alarm is instantly transmitted to the alarm centre over
the municipal systems.
PARALLEL TELEPHONE SYSTEMS

similar to auxiliary systems but are connected to the fire
department telecommunications centre directly or
through an answering service by some means other then
the municipal fire alarm box systems;
may transmit either a coded or non-coded signal;
non-coded is allowable where a single occupancy is
protected;
five facilities may be protected by one coded;
PROPRIETY SYSTEMS
Fire protection system owned and operated by the property

owner, commonly used in large commercial and industrial
buildings, high rise buildings in a single location that is wired into a
common receiving point.
receiving point must be in a separate structure that is

remote from any hazardous operation;
receiving station staffed with systems operation and the
actions to take when alarm is received;
the operator notify the fire department either through the
systems or telephone.
PROPRIETY SYSTEMS
Fire protection system owned and operated by the property

owner, commonly used in large commercial and industrial
buildings, high rise buildings in a single location that is wired into a
common receiving point.
receiving point must be in a separate structure that is

remote from any hazardous operation;
receiving station staffed with systems operation and the
actions to take when alarm is received;
the operator notify the fire department either through the
systems or telephone.
SUPERVISING FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
provide power to the public fire alarm systems are designed
to be self-supervise;
anytime the systems is not operating normally, a distinct
trouble signal is generated to attract attention to the
systems problem;
when the systems switch to battery power because of power
outage or when there is break in a detector or
notification;
newer systems incorporate some latest micro-electric
component , some built in microprocessor
programmed to initiate an internal diagnostic test , result
are recorded on a printer displayed on a computer
screen.
PREDISCHARGE ALARM
Alarm that sounds before a total flooding

fire extinguishing system is about to discharge.
This gives occupants the opportunity to leave the
area.. Also known as pre-alarm.
AUXILIARY SERVICES
The primary objective of FDAS is to save lives and reduce
property loss in the event of fire.
technological improvements have been incorporated,
integrate process and environmental controls, security,
and personnel-access controls.
THE FOLLOWING ARE AUXILIARY SERVICES AVAILABLE
shutting down or alerting airflow in heating, ventilating, and

air-conditioning (HVAC) systems for smoke;
closing smoke or fire-rated doors and dampers;
overriding elevator controls;
monitoring operation of commercial incinerator management
systems;
monitoring refrigeration systems and cold-storage areas;
controlling personnel access to hazardous process or storage;
detecting combustible or toxic gases.
Emergency Lighting
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:
1. Provide lesser level of light than normal through the use of emergency and
directional exit lights to create calm in an emergency situation.
2. Highlight fire equipment to permit safety operations.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS:
1. Indicate the escape route clearly
2. Illuminate open areas used as escape route so that obstructions can be
avoided.
3. Ensure fire alarm call points and fire equipment can be readily located.
4. Provide illumination for high risk areas to allow safety shutdown.
Emergency Lighting – Mandatory Points
of Emphasis
At each corridor Intersection Outside each final exit At each Exit Door
At fire alarm call points At each floor level change At fire fighting equipment
Emergency Lighting – Mandatory Points
of Emphasis
Exit and safety signs’ On each Staircase

locations
Emergency Lighting – Other Locations
Escalators Plant Rooms
High risk task area
Covered carparks Elevators

Emergency Lighting
Minimum Illumination Level
NFPA 101 Section 7.9.2 states that emergency lighting facilities

shall be arranged to provide illumination that is not less than an
average of 1 ft-candle (10.8 lux) and, at any point, not less
than 0.1ft-candle (1.1 lux), measured along the path of
egress at floor level. Illumination levels shall be permitted to
decline to not less than an average of 0.6 ft-candle (6.5 lux)
and, at any point, not less than 0.06 ft-candle (0.65 lux) at
the end of of the 1 ½ hours. A minimum-to-minimum
illumination uniformity ratio of 40 to 1 shall not be exceeded.
BS 5266: Part 1 calls for a minimum of 0.5 lux at floor level on
the centerline of permanently unobstructed escape routes.
Points of emphasis shall be illuminated to a minimum of 1.0 lux
except for fire alarm call points and fire fighting equipment
where 5.0 lux is the minimum requirement.
Fire Code of the Philippines Section 10.2.5.11 ( C ) does not
mention specific requirement.
Escape Route
Emergency Lighting – Exit Marking
AMERICAN STANDARD FORMAT
Exit Sign Self-luminous Exit Sign
EUROPEAN FORMAT
Pictograms Exit Signage

Emergency Lighting – Mounting Height
Emergency Lighting – Viewing Distance
BS 5266: Part 7 Requirements
NFPA 101 Section 7.10.1.5.2:

States that new sign placement shall be such that no point in an exit
access corridor is in excess of the rated viewing distance or 100 ft (30
m), whichever is less, from the nearest sign.
Emergency Lighting – Duration of
Emergency & Lighting System
REFERENCE STANDARDS PERIOD OF OPERATION

Fire Code of the Philippines of 1 ½ hours
2008 Section 10.2.5.11 9
(C)(2)
Philippine Electrical Code (PEC) 1 ½ hours
Part 1 Article 7.0
BS 5266: Part 1 1 hour
NFPA 101 Section 7.9.2.1 1 ½ hours
Emergency Lighting – Categories of
Emergency Lighting
Emergency Lighting – Sources of
Emergency Lighting System
1. EMERGENCY GENERATOR. In the event of failure of the normal supply,

emergency power shall be available within 10 seconds.
2. UNIT EQUIPMENT AND BATTERY SYSTEMS. No interruption in power.
TYPES OF EMERGENCY LIGHTING SYSTEM
1. SELF-CONTAINED – Each luminaire an internal battery which operate during

normal power failure. Wiring to a self-contained luminaire does not need to be fire-
resistant.
2. SLAVE – Luminaire is powered from a central system. The power source is remote
from the luminaire thus requiring wiring to be of fire-resistant cable.
3. CONVERSIONS – By using conversion kit, any mains luminaire can be converted
for emergency use. Usual application is for luminaire having more than one lamp
wherein just one lamp is for emergency use.
Emergency Lighting – Types of Central
Power System
1. DC Central Power Supplies

This system directly uses a battery to supply power to
emergency lighting loads. The battery can be 2, 48/50 or 110 V.
2. INVERTERS – AC SYSTEM
With the use of an inverter, the battery voltage is transformed

from dc to ac (mains voltage).
Central Power Supply units provide power to a substantial number of

emergency slave luminaires. A dedicated room housing the battery and the
control unit is normally required for central power supply unit.
Emergency Lighting – Testing of
Emergency Lighting Equipment
Description NFPA 101 BS 5266 Part 1

Daily Daily visual inspection
Monthly Functional testing at 30-day intervals for not Simulate a mains failure or a time sufficient only
less than 30 seconds. to verify emergency operation.
Note: For safety reasons the simulated mains failure

should not discharge the battery by more than ¼ of
its capacity.
Six Monthly Testing as monthly but for 1/3 of the rated
duration.
Annually For battery powered emergency lighting Testing as monthly but for the full duration.
system, conduct annual functional testing for
not less than 1 ½ hours.
For all tests Emergency lighting system shall be fully Emergency lighting system shall be fully
operational for the duration of tests. operational for the duration of tests.
Written records of visual inspections and test Written records of test date, results, repairs and
shall be made available as required by local completion.
authority.
Emergency Lighting – Testing of
Emergency Lighting Equipment
ADDRESSABLE
CENTRAL TESTING PANEL
BATTERY
SYSTEM
TYPICAL WIRING ARRANGEMENT OF NETWORKED TESTING PANELS CONNECTED

TO CENTRAL BATTERY SYSTEMS
TRAINING COURSE
MODULE 4
BUILDING COMPARTMENTATION
AND STRUCTURAL FIRE
RESISTANCE AND SMOKE CONTROL
AND REMOVAL SYSTEMS


RESISTANCE TO FIRE

Ceiling

 Stability The protected load bearing element fulfills its function

 Integrity The system does not allow spread of fire or hot gasses
 Insulation The temperature increase of the unexposed side of the

system remains under set limits during the entire fire
resistance period
FIRE RESISTANCE TEST PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
.
Fire resistance is the result of

the performance of a complete
elements of the structure
BUILDING COMPARTMENTATION
BOARD SYSTEMS
Typical boards used in building industry
Chipboard
Gypsum plasterboard
Fiber cement board
Calcium silicate board, etc.

Fire rated partitions, whether
slab to slab CHB, Concrete
Masonry or Drywall Partitions
Fire rated doors and smoke
stop doors for access
FIRE RESISTANT GLASS
WIRED GLASS
INSULATED GLASS
NON INSULATED GLASS
FIRE RESISTANT GLASS

Fire rated ceilings,

whether suspended
ceiling or ceiling
membrane system.
Problems





FIRE RESISTANT DUCT





Put tested cladding

system to the critical
cables
Doing so will provide
inexpensive solution
compared to alternatives
using fire rated cable








STRUCTURAL FIRE RESISTANCE







BOARD CLADDING SYSTEM



Intumescent coatings will do

exactly the same and produce a
“char” like material that
insulates the steelwork
At approximate 200°C a
chemical reaction takes place
that produces a “char” which
insulates the steelwork



1.
Fact: Fire related deaths are inhilation (approx 90%)
rather than burns.
• Toxic Gas;
• CO;
• Narcotic gas
• Hydrogen Cyanide;
• Acidic halides; and
• Acrolein
• Reduced oxygen level;
• High Temperatures;
• Reduced Visibility.
• Hinder escape;
• Hinder Rescue
Type of Occupant Acceptable minimum level of visibility
during smoke event
Familiar with building orientation 3-5 meters
Not familiar with building orientation Up to 25 meters
• Note: NFPA “Smoke movement and control

in high rise building” 1994.
• Contain the smoke within the source of fire
and avoid spreading out to other rooms;
• Minimize the production of smoke;
• Maintain tenable environment within all exit

access and area of refuge access path for
the time necessary to allow occupants to
reach an exit or area of refuge.
• Atriums;
• Large Void Spaces;
• Areas of Refuge;
• Corridors;
• Lift lobbies;
• Fire compartment
• Stairwell Pressurization
• Smoke Production;
• Type, location and quantity of fuel;
• Height cross sectional area and area (volume) of the area to be protected;
• Volume of unseparated space that communicates with another large volume

area;
• Type & location of occupancies;
• Barriers separating adjacent spaces from a large volume space;
• Egress routes from large volume space and any communicating space;
• Areas of refuge.
Standard Fire Exhaust system
• Stop air supply to fire effected floors;
• Supply air to all fire unaffected floors;
• Extract from fire effected floors;
• Stop all extract from fire effected floors;
• Maintain 20 Pa Pressure differential
between fire effected and unaffected
floors.
• *Uses Larger riser sizes.

Fire Exhaust system:
• Stop air supply to fire affected floors;
• Supply air to immediate (one only) floor
above and below fire affected floors;
• Extract from fire affected floor;
• Stop all extract from immediate (one
only) floor above and below fire affected
floors;
• All other floors, stop supply and extract.
• Central VAV system:
• Stop air supply to all floors;
• Extract air from fire affected floor;
• Stop all extract from all unaffected
floors;
• Use fire rated exhaust fan.
• Floor by Floor VAV system:
• Supply & Exhaust air shafts sized for
minimum outside air only;
• Fire rated exhaust fan to be fitted with
VSD or 2 speed motor control;
• Supply air fan to be fitted with VS
controller;
• During fire mode: both supply and
extract fan to enable at high speed;
• Air exhaust from fire affected floor;
• Supply to immediate floor above and
below.
• Tempered Outside Air Supplied with Chilled
Beams:
• Supply & Exhaust air shafts sized for
minimum outside air only;
• Fire rated exhaust fan;
• During fire mode MO1 to close MO2 to
open;
• Outside air fan supply air to affected
floor above & below fire affected floor for
pressurization;
• Return air fan fitted with VS Controller;
• Fan to run high speed for exhaust from
fire affected floor.
• Design Limitations (NFPA 92B):
• Smoke Layer depth = 20% of floor to ceiling
height or based on Engineering Analysis;
• Make-up air velocity not to exceed 1.02 m/s to
avoid smoke disruption and spreading;
• Door opening shall not force door opening to
pressure limit (max 50 Pa).
• Minimum Design Pressure Difference Across
Barriers as per NFPA 92A:
Building Type Ceiling Height Design Pressure
Difference (in w.g.)
AS Any 0.05 or (12.5 Pa)
NS 9 ft or 2.7 meter 0.10 or (25 Pa)
NS 15 ft or 4.6 meters 0.14 or (35 Pa)
NS 21 ft or 6.4 meters 0.18 or (45 Pa)
• Note: AS Sprinklered; NS Non Sprinklered

• ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS
– REFER TO CHAPTER 6
OF NFPA 92B;
• SCALE MODELLING –
REFER TO SECTION 5.6
OF NFPA 92B;
• COMPUTATIONAL FLUID
DYNAMICS – COMPUTER
SIMULATION
• Smoke Dampers – Shall be listed in accordance with ANSI/UL 555S;
• Control System shall be listed in accordance with ANSI/UL 864

“Standard for Control Units and Accessories for Fire Alarm Systems”;
• Smoke Detectors
• Conventional type
• Beam type:
• Projected; and
• Optical;
• Fire Curtains - Shall be listed in accordance with ANSI/UL 268;
• Fans
• SAVES LIFE;
• CAN BE INTEGRATED WITH MECHANICAL

VENTILATION SYSTEMS;
• CAN BE DESIGNED TO ASSIST

EMERGENCY RESPONSE PERSONNEL;
• CAN BE USED AS POST FIRE SMOKE

REMOVAL
 Automatic sprinklers if required by Division 8
through Division 17 of this Chapter shall be in
accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the
Installation of Sprinkler Systems.
 All automatic sprinkler and standpipe systems
required by this code shall be inspected,
tested, and maintained in accordance with
NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing,
and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire
Protection Systems. Records of conducted
maintenance and testing should be
maintained and submitted together with
FALAR 3.
 Where a required automatic sprinkler system
is out of service for more than four (4) hours
in a 24-hour period, the owner shall notify
the nearest fire station immediately upon
discovery but not later than 24 hours and a
fire watch shall be assigned until the sprinkler
system has been returned to service.
 Sprinkler impairment procedures shall comply
with NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection,
Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire
Protection Systems.
SUPERVISORY SIGNALS
Where supervised automatic sprinkler systems
are required by another Section of this Code,
supervisory attachments shall be installed and
monitored for integrity in accordance with NFPA
72, a distinctive supervisory signal shall be
provided to indicate a condition that would
impair the satisfactory operation of the sprinkler
system.
SUPERVISORY SIGNALS
Monitoring shall include, but shall not be limited
to monitoring of:
 control valves
 fire pump power supplies and running
conditions
 water tank levels and temperatures
 tank pressure
 air pressure on dry-pipe valves
SUPERVISORY SIGNALS
Supervisory signals shall sound and shall be
displayed either at a location within the
protected building that is constantly attended by
qualified personnel or at an approved, remotely
located receiving facility.
ALARM SIGNAL TRANSMISSION
Where supervision of automatic sprinkler
systems is required, water flow alarms shall be
transmitted to an approved, proprietary alarm
receiving facility, a remote station, a central
station, or the fire station.
Other Automatic Extinguishing Equipment
In any occupancy where the character of the
potential fuel fire is such that extinguishment or
control of fire will be more effectively
accomplished by a type of automatic
extinguishing systems other than automatic
sprinkler system, a standard extinguishing
system of appropriate type shall be installed
subject to the approval of the C/MFM having
jurisdiction.
Other Automatic Extinguishing Equipment
If the extinguishing system is installed in lieu of
a required, supervised automatic sprinkler
system, the activation of the extinguishing
system shall activate the building fire alarm
system, where provided.
The activation of an extinguishing system that is

not installed in lieu of a required, supervised
automatic sprinkler system shall be indicated at
the building fire alarm system, where provided
Manual Extinguishing Equipment
 Any fire extinguisher provided shall be
installed, inspected and maintained in
accordance with Section 10.2.6.7 of this IRR.
 Each standpipe and hose system provided
shall be in accordance with Section 10.2.6.6
of this IRR
Source: Automatic Sprinkler Systems Handbook, 10th Edition
 Employs automatic sprinklers that
are attached to a piping system
containing air or nitrogen under
pressure, the release of which
permits the water pressure to open
a dry pipe valve, and the water then
flows into the piping system, and out
the opened sprinklers.
are attached to a piping system
containing water and connected to a
water supply so that water
discharges immediately from
sprinklers opened by heat from fire.

 Employs open sprinklers that are
attached to a piping system that is
connected to a water supply through a
valve that is opened by the operation of
a detection system installed in the same
areas as the sprinklers. When this valve
opens, water flows into the piping system
and discharges from all sprinklers
attached thereto.
are attached to a piping system that
contains air that might or might not
be under pressure, with a
supplemental detection system
installed in the same areas as the
sprinklers.

 The area of sprinkler coverage depends
on the physical characteristics of the
sprinkler head and the water flow and
pressure available to the head.
 The maximum allowable protection area
of coverage for any sprinkler shall not
exceed 400 ft2 (36 m2).

TYPE OF SPRINKLER PROTECTION
HAZARD AREA OF COVERAGE
Light
120-225 ft2 (11.1-20.9 m2)
Hazard
Ordinary
130 ft2 (12.1 m2)
Hazard
Extra
90-130 ft2 (8.4-20.9 m2)
Hazard
High-Piled
100-130 ft2 (9.3-20.9 m2)
Storage
* Maximum Allowable Areas of Coverage varies
depending on the obstructions present

S
S = spacing between sprinklers

L = spacing between branch lines

 Should be measured between the
centerline of the sprinklers and not
between sprinkler and branch line they
are connected to.
 Shall be measured along the slope of the
ceiling.

 Maximum spacing between sprinklers is
15 ft (4.6 m) for light and ordinary
hazards
 Minimum distance between sprinklers
shall be maintained to prevent operating
sprinkler from wetting adjacent sprinkler
and to prevent skipping of sprinklers.

 Shall not exceed ½ of the allowable
maximum distance between sprinklers.
 Shall be measured perpendicular to the
wall.

S
L Branch Line
S = spacing between sprinklers

L = spacing between branch lines

Source: Concepts of Building Fire Safety
 Risers should be of sufficient size to
supply the sprinklers in areas between
fire-rated walls on any one floor.
 Cross-mains supply water to the branch
lines.
 The “center central” and “side central”
are preferred as they eliminate long
dead-end pipe runs.

The design, installation and maintenance
of Standpipe Systems shall be in
accordance with NFPA 14, Standard for
the Installation of Standpipe, Private
Hydrant and Hose Systems.
Class 1 System
This system is provided with 64 mm (2½ in.)
hose connections for full-scale firefighting at the
following designated building locations:
 At each intermediate landing between floor levels in
every required exit stairway;
 On each side of the wall adjacent to the exit openings
of horizontal exits;
 In each exit passageway at the entrance from the
building areas into the passageway;
 In covered mall buildings, at the entrance to each exit
passageway or exit corridor, and at exterior public
entrances to the mall;
Class 1 System
 At the highest landing of stairways with stairway
access to a roof and on the roof where stairways do
not access the roof.
An additional 64 mm (2½ in) hose connection shall be
provided at the hydraulically most remote riser to
facilitate testing of the system;
Class 1 System
 Where the most remote portion of a nonsprinklered
floor or storey is located in excess of 40 meters of
travel distance from a required exit containing or
adjacent to a hose connection, or the most remote
portion of a sprinklered floor or storey is located in
excess of 61 meters of travel distance from a required
exit containing or adjacent to a hose connection,
additional hose connections shall be provided, in
approved locations, where required by the BFP.
Class 2 System
This a hose connection provided with 38 mm
(1½ in) hose or within 37 m of a hose
connection system shall be provided with 38 mm
(1½ in) hose connections for first aid fire
fighting, so that all portions of each floor level
of the building are within 40 m of provided with
less 38 mm (1½ in) hose.
Distances shall be measured along a path of
travel originating at the hose connection.
Class 3 System
This system shall be provided with hose
connections as required for both Class I and
Class II systems.
Dry standpipes shall be used for Class I system.
All buildings with required enclosed stairway
or smokeproof enclosure shall have at least
one dry standpipe outlet connection located at
every floor level landing above the first floor
of every required enclosure. No point within
a building, requiring dry standpipes, shall be
more than forty meters (40 m) travel distance
from a dry standpoint outlet connection.
 Construction
Fittings and connections shall be of sufficient
strength to withstand 300 psi (21 kg/cm2) of
water pressure when ready for service. All
dry standpipes shall be tested hydrostatically
to withstand not less than 50 psi (3.5 kg/cm²)
above the maximum working pressure.
 Piping
All horizontal runs of dry standpipe systems
shall have a 20% slope for the purpose of
draining.
Where pipe traps occur in such standpipes
systems including fire service connections,
they shall be provided with drains.
Pipings shall not pass through hazardous areas
and shall be located so that it is protected
from mechanical and fire damage.
 Size
The size of the standpipe shall have a
diameter of at least 102 mm (4 in) in
buildings in which the highest outlet is 23 m
or less above the fire service connections and
shall not be less than 153 mm (6 in) where
the highest outlet is higher than 23 m above
the fire service connection.
 Fire Service Connections
Fire service connections shall be in the street
side of the buildings, fully visible and
recognizable from the street or nearest point
of fire apparatus accessibility.
They shall be located and arranged so that
hose lines can be attached to the inlets
without interference from nearby objects,
including buildings, fences, posts, or other
fire service connections.
 All 102 mm dry standpipes shall be equipped
with a four-way fire service connection.
 All fire service connections shall be located on
a street front, not less than 46 cm or more
than 122 cm above grade and shall be
equipped with an approved straight way check
valve and substantial plugs or caps.
 All fire service connections shall be protected
against mechanical injury and shall be visible
and accessible. More than one fire service
connection may be required.
 Valves
Connections other than for fire service use
shall be provided with an approved
indicating-type valve and check valve located
close to the supply such as tanks, pumps, and
connections from waterworks system.
Valves shall be provided to allow isolation of a
standpipe without interrupting the supply to
other standpipes from the same source of
supply.
 Outlets
Each standpipe shall be equipped with an
approved 64 mm outlet not less than 61 cm
nor more than 122 cm above the floor of each
storey.
All dry standpipes shall be equipped with a
two-way 64 mm outlet above the roof line of
the building when the roof has a slope of less
than 30 cm long wrench may be used in
connecting the hose with clearance for the
wrench on all sides of the outlet
 Outlets
Standpipes located in smokeproof enclosures
shall have outlets located in the vestibule or
on the balcony.
Standpipe outlets in stairway enclosures or
smoke towers shall be so located that the exit
doors do not interfere with the use of the
outlet.
All outlets shall be equipped with an
approved valve cap and chains.
 Signs
An approved durable sign with raised letters
of at least 25 mm in height shall be
permanently attached to all fire service
street connections, cast on a plate or fitting
that reads “DRY STANDPIPE”.
A sign indicating the pressure required at the
inlets to deliver the system demand shall also
be provided.
Wet standpipe system extending from the cellar
or basement into the topmost storey shall be
required in the following:
 Assembly occupancies with an occupant load
exceeding 1,000;
 Educational, healthcare and detention and
correctional, business and mercantile,
industrial, and hotels and apartments
occupancies, 4 or more storeys in height;
 Hazardous storage and business and
mercantile occupancies having a floor area
exceeding 1,860 m2 per floor.
However, the preceding provision does not apply
to:
 Buildings equipped throughout with an
approved, supervised sprinkler system.
 Basement or cellars equipped with approved,
supervised sprinkler system.
Wet standpipes shall be located so that all
portions of the buildings are within 6 m of a
nozzle attached to 22 m of hose.
In theaters, auditoriums and other assembly
occupancies where the occupant load is more
than 1,000, outlets shall be located on each side
of any stage, on each side of the rear of the
auditorium and on each side of the balcony.
 Construction
Wet standpipes shall be installed and tested
as required for water distribution system
within the building.
 Size
The size of the standpipes shall not be less
than 64 mm (2 ½ in.) in diameter.
 Outlets
All interior wet standpipes shall be equipped
with 38 mm valve in each storey, including
the basement or cell roof of the building and
located not less than 91 cm nor more than
182 cm above the floor.
 Water Supply
The wet standpipe shall deliver not less than
132 liters of water per minute at not less than 1.8 kg
per cm2 residual pressures from each of any two
outlets flowing simultaneously for 30 mins.
When more than one interior wet standpipe is
required in the building, such standpipes may be
connected at their bases or highest points by pipes of
equal size.
Where combination standpipes are installed, the
38 mm outlet system may be supplied from the
combination system with 51 mm connecting line.
 Pressure and Gravity Tanks
Pressure or gravity tanks shall have a capacity
sufficient to furnish at least 265 liters of water per
minute for 30 mins.
Other such tanks shall be located so as to provide not
less than 1.8 kg per cm2 residual pressure from each
of 2 outlets flowing simultaneously for 30 mins.
Discharge pipes from pressure tanks shall extend
5 cm from and into the bottom of such tanks. All
tanks shall be equipped with a manhole, ladder and
platform, drainpipe, water pressure gauges, and a
pressure relief valve. pump.
 Pressure and Gravity Tanks
Each pressure tank shall be tested in place after
installation and proved tight at a hydrostatic pressure
required, but not less than 10 kg per cm2.
Where such tanks are used also for domestic
purposes, the supply take off for such purposes shall
be located above the required capacity of such tanks.
Supply tanks shall be supported on non-combustible
construction with not less than 91 cm clearances over
the top and under the bottom of an adjacent
construction.
Approved pressure gauges shall be provided at
pressure tanks and the fire pump.
 Fire Pumps
Fire pumps shall be approved and shall deliver
not less than the required fire flow and pressure.
Such pumps shall be supplied with adequate
power source and shall be automatic in
operation.
Where the wet standpipe system is supplied with
water from the domestic supply of building,
approved fire pumps shall not be required
provided the domestic pump used delivers the
required fire flow.
 Hose and Hose Reels
Each wet standpipe outlet shall be supplied
with a hose not less than 38 mm in diameter.
Such hose shall be equipped with an approved
variable for nozzle.
An approved hose reel rack or cabinet shall
be provided and shall be located so as to
make the hose accessible.
The hose reel rack or cabinet shall be
recessed in the wall or protected by suitable
cabinet.
 Connection to Fire Sprinkler System
Wet standpipe system may be supplied from a
sprinkler system only when in compliance
with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of
Sprinkler System.
 Signs
Signs shall be provided.
If automatic sprinklers are also supplied by
the fire service connection, the sign or
combination of signs shall indicate both
designated services.
The sign shall read “STANDPIPE AND
AUTOSPKR” or “AUTOSPKR AND STANDPIPE”.
 Pressure Reduction
Where the static pressure at any standpipe
outlet exceeds 7 kgs per cm2, an approved
pressure reduction device shall be
permanently installed at the outlet to reduce
the water flow so that the nozzle pressure
does not exceed 5.6 kg per cm2 in accordance
with following table.
 Pressure Reduction
STANDPIPE PRESSURE AT HOUSE OUTLET
AND SIZE OF ORIFICE
Standpipe Standpipe
Pressure at Size of Orifice Pressure at Size of Orifice
House Outlet (mm) House Outlet (mm)
(kg/cm2) (kg/cm2)
7.75 27.00 11.97 16.70
8.45 23.00 12.68 15.90
9.15 23.80 14.08 15.10
9.86 19.10 15.85 14.30
10.6 18.30 17.61 13.50
11.27 17.50 19.72 12.70
Design and installation of combination
standpipes shall be in accordance with NFPA
14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe,
Private Hydrant and Hose Systems.
Where a combination standpipe system is
installed, a separate dry standpipe system
need not be installed.
 Combinations standpipe system shall have
connections for dry standpipe located as
required and shall have wet standpipe outlets as
required.
 Portions of combination standpipe systems,
including extensions for wet standpipe outlets,
not within an enclosed stairway or smokeproof
enclosure shall be protected by a degree of fire
resistance equal to that required for vertical
enclosures in the building in which they are
located.
 In buildings where more than one combination
standpipe system is provided, they shall be
cross connected at the bottom.
 Construction
Combination standpipe system shall be
installed and tested as required for dry
standpipe system.
 Size
Combination standpipe system shall not be
less than 150 mm in diameter.
All combination standpipe systems shall be
equipped with a four-way fire service
connection.
Combination standpipe system with 3 or more
standpipes shall be provided with not less
than 2 four-way service inlet connections.
All fire service connections shall be located
on a street front not less than 46 cm nor
more than 122 cm above grade and shall be
equipped with an approved straight-way
check valve and substantial plugs or caps.
All fire service connections shall be protected
against mechanical injury and shall be visible
and accessible.
 Outlets
Every standpipe shall be equipped with a
64 mm outlet of not less than 61 cm nor more
than 122 cm above the floor level at each
storey.
All standpipes shall be equipped with three-way
64 mm outlet above the roof line when the roof
has a slope of less than 34%.
Roof outlets are not required for roofs with a
greater than 34%.
 Outlets
All outlets shall be installed so that a 30 cm
long wrench may be used in connecting the
hose with wrench clearance on all sides of the
outlet.
Standpipes located in smokeproof enclosures
shall have outlets at the vestibule with 30 m of
64 mm approved unlined fabric hose with 25.4
mm orifice, straight-tipped brass nozzle
without a shutoff at the nozzle unless waived
by the Chief, BFP or his duly authorized
representative.
 Outlets
Such outlets shall be identified with a sign
having 76 mm high letters reading; “BFP USE
ONLY”.
The hose and nozzle shall be installed in an
approved hose cabinet.
An approved drip cock or drain connection shall
be located between the standpipes outlet and
the hose.
Roof outlets need not be provided with hoses.
 Riser Shut-off Valve and Drain
Each individual riser must be equipped with an
OS and Y valve at its base and an approved valve
for draining.
 Signs
An approved durable sign with raised letter at
least 25mm high shall be permanently attached
to all fire service street connections and test
connection, and such sign shall read
“COMBINATION STANDPIPE AND TEST
CONNECTION”.
During the construction of the building and
until the permanent fire-extinguishing system
has been installed and is in service, fire
protection shall be provided.
 Every building, 6 storeys or more in height, shall
be provided with not less than one standpipe for
fire service use during construction.
Such standpipes shall be installed when the
progress of construction is not more than 15 m
in height above grade.
Such standpipe shall be provided with fire
service inlet connecting at accessible locations
adjacent to usable stairs.
Such standpipe system shall be extended as
construction progresses to within one floor of
the highest point of construction having secured
decking or flooring.
In each floor there shall be provided 64 mm
valve outlet for fire service use.
When construction height requires installation
of a combination standpipe, fire pumps and
water main connection shall be provided to
serve the standpipe.
Temporary standpipes may be provided in
place of permanent system if they are
designed to furnish 284 liters of water per
minute at 3.5 kg per cm2 pressure with a
standpipe of not less than 10 cm.
All outlets shall not be less 64 mm.
Standpipe system for building under
construction shall be installed as required for
permanent standpipe system.
Basement pipe inlets shall be installed in the
first floor of every storey, warehouse, or
factory having cellar or basement.
The location of basement/pipe inlet shall be as
required by the C/MFM having jurisdiction.
All basement pipe inlets shall be of cast iron,
steel, brass, or bronze with lids of cast
bronze.
 The basement pipe inlet shall consist of a sleeve
not less than 20 cm inside diameter extending
through the floor and terminating flush with or
through the basement or cellar ceiling and shall
have a top flange recessed with an inside shoulder
to receive the lid.
The top flange shall be installed flush with finish
floor surface.
The lid shall be a solid casting and have a lift
recesses in the top.
This lid shall be provided with a casting sign
reading: “FIRE SERVICE ONLY, DO NOT COVER.”
The lid shall be installed in such a manner to
permit its easy removal from the flange shoulder.
Standpipe hose threads and pressure
regulation device settings shall be
compatible with the threads, hose
and nozzles used by the BFP.
Each standpipe shall be provided with a means
of draining.
A drain valve and piping, located at the lowest
point of the standpipe piping downstream of
the isolation valve, shall be arranged to
discharge water at an approved location.
SIZING FOR STANDPIPE DRAINS
STANDPIPE SIZE SIZE OF DRAIN CONNECTION
(in) (in)
Up to 2 ¾ or larger
2 ½ , 3 , or 3 ½ 1 ¼ or larger
4 or larger 2 only
The C/MFM having jurisdiction shall designate
the type and number of fire extinguishers to
be installed and maintained in all buildings,
structures and facilities, but shall not be less
than the minimum requirements as outlined in
this Section.
All buildings, structures and facilities shall be
installed with portable fire extinguishers that
are designed, installed and maintained in
accordance with this Section. Fire
extinguishers shall be installed even if the
property is equipped with automatic
sprinklers, standpipe and hose, or other fixed
protection equipment.
LOW HAZARD
Light hazard occupancies are locations where
the total amount of Class A combustible
materials.
This can include some buildings or rooms
occupied as offices, classrooms, churches,
assembly halls, guest room areas of
hotels/motels, etc.
This classification anticipates that majority of
content items are either noncombustible or so
arranged that a fire is not likely to spread
rapidly.
MODERATE HAZARD
 Ordinary hazard occupancies are locations where
the total amount of Class A combustibles and Class
B flammables are present in greater amounts than
expected under light (low) hazard occupancies.
 These occupancies could consist of dining areas,
mercantile shops, and allied storage; light
manufacturing, research operations, auto
showrooms, parking garages, workshop or support
service areas of light (low) hazard occupancies;
and warehouses containing Class I or Class II
commodities as defined by NFPA 231, Standard for
General Storage.
EXTRA HAZARD
 Extra hazard occupancies are locations where the
total amount of Class A combustibles and Class B
flammables present is over and above those
expected in occupancies classed as ordinary
(moderate) hazard.
 These occupancies could consist of woodworking,
vehicle repair, aircraft and boat servicing, cooking
areas, individual product display showrooms, product
convention center displays, and storage and
manufacturing processes such as painting, dipping,
and coating, including flammable liquid handling. Also
included is warehousing of or in-process storage of
other than Class I and Class II commodities.
METHOD OF SUPPRESSION
Ordinary
Water is used to cool or quench
the burning material below its
A
Combustibles
ignition temperature.
EXTINGUISHING AGENTS
 Water
 Loaded Stream
 Aqueous Film-Forming Foam
(AFFF)
 Film-Forming Fluoroprotein
Foam (FFFP)
 Multi-Purpose (Ammonium-
phosphate-base)
 Dry Chemical
 Halogenated Types
Flammable
B
Liquids
Smothering or blanketing effect
of oxygen exclusion is most
effective for extinguishment and
also helps reduce the
production of additional vapor
 Carbon Dioxide
 Dry Chemicals
 AFFF
 FFFP
Electrical
C
Equipment
First, de-energize high-voltage
circuits, and then fight the fire
appropriately depending upon
the fuel involved.
 Carbon Dioxide
 Dry Chemicals
Combustible
D
Metals
Requires smoldering
 No single agent effectively
controls fires in all
combustible metals.
 Special extinguishing agents
are available for control of fire
in each of the metals.
 They are marked specifically
for the metal fire they can
extinguish. These agents are
used to cover the burning
material.
1. The classification of fire extinguishers shall
consist of a letter that indicates the class of
fire on which a fire extinguisher has been
found to be effective, preceded by a rating
number (Class A and Class B only) that
indicates the relative extinguishing
effectiveness, except for fire extinguishers
classified for use on Class C and Class D
hazards shall not be required to have a
number preceding the classification letter.
2. Portable fire extinguishers shall be
maintained in a fully charged and operable
condition, and kept in their designated places
at all times when they are not being used.
3. Fire extinguishers shall be conspicuously
located where they will be readily accessible
and immediately available in the event of
fire. Preferably they shall be located along
normal paths of travel, including exits from
areas.
4.The following types of fire extinguishers are
considered obsolete and shall be removed
from service:
 soda acid
 chemical foam (excluding film-forming
agents)
 vaporizing liquid (e.g., carbon
tetrachloride)
 cartridge-operated water
 cartridge-operated loaded stream
 copper or brass shell (excluding pump
tanks) joined by soft solder or rivets
5. Cabinets housing fire extinguishers shall not
be locked, except where fire extinguishers
are subject to malicious use, locked cabinets
shall be permitted to be used, provided they
include means of emergency access.
6. Fire extinguishers shall not be obstructed or
obscured from view, except in large rooms,
and in certain locations where visual
obstruction cannot be completely avoided,
arrows, lights, signs, or coding of the wall are
the acceptable means of identifying its
location.
7. Portable fire extinguishers other than
wheeled types shall be securely installed on
the hanger or in the bracket supplied or
placed in cabinets or wall recesses.
8. Fire extinguishers installed under conditions
where they are subject to physical damage,
(e.g., from impact, vibration, the environment)
shall be adequately protected.
9. Mounting Height
1.5 m (maximum
height for 18 kg or
less gross weight) 1.0 m (maximum
height for over 18
kg gross weight)
100 mm or more
from floor
10.Extinguisher operating instructions, original
manufacturer’s labels, labels that specifically
relate to the extinguisher’s operation or fire
classification, or inventory control labels
specific to that extinguisher shall be located
on the front face of the extinguisher and be
clearly visible, except the hazardous
materials identification systems (HMIS)
labels, six-year maintenance labels,
hydrotest labels, or other labels.
11.Fire extinguishers mounted in cabinets or
wall recesses shall be placed so that the fire
extinguisher operating instructions face
outward.
12.Where fire extinguishers are installed in
closed cabinets that are exposed to elevated
temperatures, the cabinets shall be provided
with screened openings and drains.
Vented fire extinguisher cabinets should
utilize tinted glass and should be constructed
to prevent the entrance of insects and the
accumulation of water.
13. Water-type fire extinguishers shall not be
installed in areas where the temperatures are
outside the range of 4°C to 49°C.
All other types shall not be installed in areas
where temperatures are outside the range of
-40°C to 49°C.
14. The fire extinguisher owner or the owner’s
agent shall be provided with an instruction
manual that details condensed instructions and
cautions necessary to the installation, operation,
inspection, and maintenance of the fire
extinguisher(s). The manual shall refer to this
standard as a source of detailed instruction.
The selection of fire extinguishers for a given
situation shall be determined by the following:
 character of the fires anticipated;
 construction and occupancy of the individual
property;
 hazard to be protected;
 ambient-temperature conditions; and
 other factors.
Fire extinguishers shall be provided for the
protection of both the building structure and
the occupancy hazards contained therein.
Required building protection shall be provided
by fire extinguishers suitable for Class A fires.
Occupancy hazard protection shall be provided
by fire extinguishers suitable for such Class A,
B, C, D, fire potentials as might be present.
Fire extinguishers provided for building
protection can be considered also for the
protection of occupancies having a Class A fire
potential.
Buildings having an occupancy hazard subject
to Class B or Class C fires, or both, shall have a
standard complement of Class A fire
extinguishers for building protection, plus
additional Class B or Class A fire extinguishers,
or both. Where fire extinguishers have more
than one letter classification (such as 2-A:20-
B:C), they can be considered to satisfy the
requirements of each letter class.
Rooms or areas shall be classified generally as
light (low) hazard, ordinary (moderate) hazard,
or extra (high) hazard. Limited areas of greater
or lesser hazard shall be protected as
required.
Maximum Maximum Area
Minimum
Travel Distance (Open Area) per
Type of Hazard Extinguisher
to Extinguisher Extinguisher
Rating
(m) (m2)
Low 2-A 15 200

Moderate 3-A* 12 100
High 4-A* 10 75
* Two 2-A rated fire extinguishers, provided that they are
installed adjacent to each other, may be used to fulfill the
requirements of one 3-A or 4-A rated extinguisher.
* Provisions of the Fire Code of 2008 is

stricter as compared to provisions of NFPA
10 “Standards on Portable Extinguishers”
A
 The protection requirements shall be permitted to
be fulfilled with fire extinguishers of higher rating,
provided the travel distance to such larger fire
extinguishers does not exceed 15 m.
 In cases where building spaces are
compartmentalized or separated from each other by
fire barriers, each compartment not exceeding the
maximum protection area specified in the preceding
table shall be provided with at least one (1) fire
extinguisher.
A
Fire Extinguishers for Different Types of Class B Hazards Tanks
Maximum Maximum Area
Minimum
Travel Distance (Open Area) per
Type of Hazard Extinguisher
to Extinguisher Extinguisher
Rating
(m) (m2)
Low 5-B 10 200

Moderate 10-B 10 100
High 40-B 10 75
* Provisions of the Fire Code of 2008 is

stricter as compared to provisions of NFPA
10 “Standards on Portable Extinguishers”
B
 The protection requirements shall be permitted to
be fulfilled with fire extinguishers of higher rating,
provided the travel distance to such larger fire
extinguishers does not exceed 15 m.
 In cases where building spaces are
compartmentalized or separated from each other by
fire barriers, each compartment not exceeding the
maximum protection area specified in the preceding
table shall be provided with at least one (1) fire
extinguisher.
B
 Portable fire extinguishers shall not be installed as the
sole protection for flammable liquid hazards of
appreciable depth where the surface area exceeds
1.0 m2.
 For flammable liquid hazards of appreciable depth, a
Class B fire extinguisher shall be provided on the basis of
at least two numerical units of Class B extinguishing
potential per m2 of flammable liquid surface of the largest
hazard area.
 Travel distances for portable fire extinguishers shall not
exceed 10 m.
B
 Fire extinguishers with Class C ratings shall be
required where energized electrical equipment can
be encountered that would require a nonconducting
extinguishing medium.
 This requirement includes situations where fire
either directly involves or surrounds electrical
equipment. Since the fire itself is a Class A or Class B
hazard, the fire extinguishers shall be sized and
located on the basis of the anticipated Class A or
Class B hazard.
C
 Fire extinguishers or extinguishing agents with Class
D ratings shall be provided for fires involving
combustible metals.
 Fire extinguishers or extinguishing agents (media)
shall be located not more than 15 m of travel
distance from the Class D hazard.
D
 Portable fire extinguishers or extinguishing agents
(media) for Class D hazards shall be provided in those
work areas where combustible metal powders,
flakes, shavings, chips, or similarly sized products
are generated.
 Size determination shall be on the basis of the
specific combustible metal, its physical particle size,
area to be covered, and recommendations by the fire
extinguisher manufacturer on data from control tests
conducted.
D
Although extinguishers can vary in size, color and
type of extinguishing agent, all devices operate basically
the same way.
If the fire is small and heavy smoke is NOT present
and you have an exit available to you for evacuation
purposes, grab the nearest appropriate extinguisher and
the P-A-S-S procedure.
P - PULL the pin located in the extinguisher's
handle.
A - AIM the nozzle, horn or hose at the base of the

fire. Aim the discharge toward the base of the
flames. Do not aim the fire extinguisher directly
onto the source, as it may spread the flames. Begin
discharging 8-10 feet away from the fire source.
S - SQUEEZE or press the handle.
- SWEEP from side to side at the

S base of the fire until it is out.
 PULL THE PIN
This will allow you to

discharge the
extinguisher.
AIM AT THE BASE OF THE FIRE 

If you aim at the flames (which
is frequently the temptation),
the extinguishing agent will fly
right through and do no good.
You want to hit the fuel.
SQUEEZE THE TOP HANDLE
OR LEVER
 This depresses a button that

releases the pressurized
extinguishing agent in the
extinguisher.
SWEEP FROM SIDE TO SIDE
Start using the extinguisher 

from a safe distance away,
then move forward. Once the
fire is out, keep an eye on the
area in case it re-ignites.
It's easy to remember
how to use a fire
extinguisher if you can
remember the acronym
PASS!
TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER
All new portable fire extinguishers are now colored red with a zone of color which indicates
the contents of the extinguisher. This color indication appears on the front of the extinguisher
above the operating instructions and will be clearly visible when it is correctly mounted.
TYPE WATER
 WOOD, CLOTH, PAPER, PLASTICS, COAL ETC. FIRES INVOLVING
BEST FOR
SOLIDS
 DO NOT USE ON BURNING FAT OR OIL OR ON ELECTRICAL
DANGER
APPLIANCES
HOW TO USE  POINT THE JET AT THE BASE OF THE FLAMES AND KEEP IT MOVING
ACROSS THE AREA OF THE FIRE. ENSURE THAT ALL AREAS OF THE
FIRE ARE OUT.
HOW IT WORKS  MAINLY BY COOLING BURNING MATERIAL
TYPE STANDARD DRY POWDER
 LIQUIDS SUCH AS GREASE, FATS, OIL PAINT, PETROL ETC BUT NOT
BEST FOR
ON CHIP OR FAT PAN FIRES
 SAFE ON LIVE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT ALTHOUGH DOES NOT
READILY PENETRATE SPACES INSIDE THE EQUIPMENT AND THE FIRE
MAY RE-IGNITE.
DANGER
 THIS TYPE OF EXTINGUISHER DOES NOT COOL THE FIRE VERY WELL
AND CARE HAS TO BE TAKEN THAT THE FIRE DOES NOT RE-IGNITE.
 DO NOT USE ON CHIP OR FAT PAN FIRES.
 POINT THE JET OR DISCHARGE HORN AT THE BASE OF THE FLAMES
AND, WITH A RAPID SWEEPING MOTION, DRIVE THE FIRE TOWARDS
HOW TO USE THE FAR EDGE UNTIL ALL THE FLAMES ARE OUT.
 IF THE EXTINGUISHER HAS A SHUT-OFF CONTROL WAIT UNTIL THE
AIR CLEARS AND IF YOU CAN STILL SEE THE FLAMES, ATTACK THE FIRE
AGAIN.
HOW IT WORKS  KNOCKS DOWN FLAMES
TYPE MULTI – PURPOSE DRY POWDER
SOLIDS
BEST FOR
 LIQUIDS SUCH AS GREASE, FATS, OILS, PAINT, PETROL, ETC. BUT
NOT ON CHIP OR FAT PAN FIRES
 SAFE ON LIVE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT, ALTHOUGH DOES NOT
PENETRATE THE SPACES IN EQUIPMENT EASILY AND THE FIRE MAY
RE-IGNITE.
DANGER
 SMOLDERING MATERIAL IN DEEP SEATED FIRES SUCH AS
UPHOLSTERY OR BEDDING CAN CAUSE THE FIRE TO START UP AGAIN.
 DO NOT USE ON CHIP OR FAT PAN FIRES
 POINT THE JET OR DISCHARGE HORN AT THE BASE OF THE FLAMES
AND, WITH A RAPID SWEEPING MOTION, DRIVE THE FIRE TOWARDS
HOW TO USE THE FAR EDGE UNTIL ALL THE FLAMES ARE OUT. IF THE
EXTINGUISHER HAS A SHUT-OFF CONTROL WAIT UNTIL THE AIR
CLEARS AND IF YOU CAN STILL SEE THE FLAMES, ATTACK THE FIRE
AGAIN.
 KNOCKS DOWN FLAMES AND, ON BURNING SOLIDS, MELTS TO
HOW IT WORKS FORM A SKIN SMOTHERING THE FIRE. PROVIDES SOME COOLING
EFFECT.
AFFF (AQUEOUS FILM-FORMING FOAM)
TYPE
(Multi-purpose)
SOLIDS
BEST FOR
NOT ON CHIP OR FAT PAN FIRES
DANGER  DO NOT USE ON CHIP OR FAT PAN FIRES
 FOR FIRES INVOLVING SOLIDS, POINT THE JET AT THE BASE OF THE
FLAMES AND KEEP IT MOVING ACROSS THE AREA OF THE FIRE.
ENSURE THAT ALL AREAS OF FIRE ARE OUT.
HOW TO USE  FOR FIRES INVOLVING LIQUIDS, DO NOT AIM THE JET STRAIGHT
INTO THE LIQUID. WHERE THE LIQUID ON FIRE IS IN A CONTAINER,
POINT THE JET AT THE INSIDE EDGE OF THE CONTAINER OR ON A
NEARBY SURFACE ABOVE THE BURNING LIQUID. ALLOW THE FOAM
TO BUILD UP AND FLOW ACROSS THE LIQUID.
 FORMS A FIRE EXTINGUISHING FILM ON THE SURFACE OF A
BURNING LIQUID. HAS A COOLING ACTION WITH A WIDER
HOW IT WORKS
EXTINGUISHING APPLICATION THAN WATER ON SOLID COMBUSTIBLE
MATERIALS.
TYPE FOAM
BEST FOR  LIMITED NUMBER OF LIQUID FIRES
 DO NOT USE ON CHIP OR FAT PAN FIRES. CHECK
MANUFACTURER’S INSTRUCTIONS FOR SUITABILITY OF USE ON
DANGER OTHER FIRES INVOLVING LIQUIDS.
 THESE EXTINGUISHERS ARE GENERALLY NOT RECOMMENDED FOR
HOME USE.
 DO NOT AIM THE JEST STRAIGHT INTO THE LIQUID. WHERE THE
HOW TO USE LIQUID ON FIRE IS IN A CONTAINER, POINT THE JET AT THE INSIDE
EDGE OF THE CONTAINER OR ON A NEARBY SURFACE ABOVE THE
BURNING LIQUID. ALLOW THE FOAM TO BUILD UP AND FLOW ACROSS
THE LIQUID
HOW IT WORKS  FORMS A SKIN SMOTHERING THE FIRE.
TYPE CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)

BEST FOR NOT ON CHIP OR FAT PAN FIRES. CLEAN, EFFECTIVE AND SAFE ON
LIVE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
 DO NOT USE ON CHIP OR FAT PAN FIRES. THIS TYPE OF

EXTINGUISHER DOES NOT COOL THE FIRE VERY WELL AND YOU NEED
TO WATCH THAT THE FIRE DOES NOT START UP AGAIN.
DANGER
 FUMES FROM CO2 EXTINGUISHER CAN BE HARMFUL IF USED IN
CONFINED SPACES.
 VENTILATE THE AREA AS SOON AS THE FIRE HAS BEEN
CONTROLLED.
HOW TO USE  THE DISCHARGE HORN SHOULD BE DIRECTED AT THE BASE OF THE
FLAMES AND KEPT MOVING ACROSS THE AREA OF THE FIRE.
 VAPORIZING LIQUID GAS WHICH SMOTHERS THE FLAMES BY

HOW IT WORKS
DISPLACING OXYGEN IN THE AIR.
TYPE VAPORIZING LIQUID INCLUDING HALON*
BEST FOR
NOT ON CHIP OR FAT PAN FIRES.
 DO NOT USE ON CHIP OR FAT PAN FIRES.
 THIS TYPE OF EXTINGUISHER DOES NOT COOL THE FIRE VERY
DANGER WELL AND YOU NEED TO WATCH THAT THE FIRE DOES NOT START UP
AGAIN.
 FUMES FROM Co2 EXTINGUISHERS CAN BEHARMFUL IF USED IN
CONFINED SPACES, VENTILATE THE AREA AS SOON AS THE FIRE HAS
BEEN CONTROLLED
 THE VAPORIZING LIQUID GAS IS EXPELLED IN A JET WHICH SHOULD

HOW TO USE NOT BE AIMED INTO BURNING LIQUIDS AS THIS RISKS SPREADING THE
FIRE. THE DISCHARGE NOZZLE SHOULD THEREFORE BE AIMED AT THE
FLAMES AND KEPT MOVING ACROSS THE AREA OF THE FIRE
 *OWING TO THE OZONE DEPLETING POTENTIAL OF HALON, ITS

FUTURE USE AND AVAILABILITY WILL BE RESTRICTED TO "ESSENTIAL
HOW IT WORKS
USES". PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION OF NEW HALON CEASED IN
1994
TYPE FIRE BLANKET

 FIRES INVOLVING BOTH SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS.
PARTICULARLY GOOD FOR SMALL FIRES IN CLOTHING AND
BEST FOR
FOR CHIP AND FAT PAN FIRES PROVIDED THE BLANKET
COMPLETELY COVERS THE FIRE.
DANGER  IF THE BLANKET DOES NOT COMPLETELY COVER THE FIRE,

IT WILL NOT ENABLE THE FIRE TO BE EXTINGUISHED.
HOW TO USE  PLACE CAREFULLY OVER THE FIRE. KEEP YOUR HANDS
SHIELDED FROM THE FIRE. DO NOT WAFT THE FIRE TOWARDS
YOU
HOW IT WORKS  SMOTHERS THE FIRE.
I – Sprinkler Systems
A. General Requirements
B. Provisions on Specific Types of
Occupancies
II- Standpipe and Hose Systems
A. General Requirements
B. Specific Requirements for Dry
Standpipe Systems and Wet Standpipes
Systems
III – Alternative Measures
“ Every building or structure shall
be designed , constructed, equipped,
maintained and operated to avoid
danger to the lives and ensure
safety of its occupants from fire,
smoke, vapor and fumes, during the
period of escape from the building
or structure.”
General Requirements (Section 10.2.6.5)
• Design shall be in accordance with NFPA 13.

• Sprinkler impairment, inspection, testing and
maintenance shall be in accordance with
NFPA 25. Records shall be included in
FALAR 3.
• Notification of the nearest fire station if the
sprinkler system is out of service for more
than 4 hours. Building management shall
designate a fire watch.
Fire Code Provisions on Sprinkler
Systems
1. On Places of Assembly
Section 10.2.8.8.para E
 bars with live entertainment
 dance halls
 buildings containing assembly occupancies with
an occupant load of more than 300 persons
 throughout the storey containing the assembly
occupancy
 throughout all storey below the storey containing
the assembly occupancy
 in case of an assembly occupancy located below the
level of exit discharge, throughout all storeys
intervening between that storey and the level of exit
discharge, including the level of exit discharge.
Systems
• Assembly occupancies consisting of single

multipurpose room of less than 1115 square
meters that are not used for exhibition or
display and are not part of mixed occupancy
• All assembly occupancy with all sides open
• Places of worship at the level of exit
discharge with sufficient means of egress.
Systems
2. On Educational Occupancies
Section 10.2.9.5 para E
o every portion of educational buildings below the
floor of exit discharge.
3. On Health Care Facilities

Section 10.2.10.3 para F number 3
o throughout all hospitals
Systems
4. On Residential Occupancies
For Hotels and Dormitories
Section 10.2.12.3 para C number 5
o All buildings shall be protected
throughout by sprinkler system except
where all guest rooms or guest suites
have a door opening directly outside at
the street or grade level or exterior exit
access in buildings up to and including
three (3) storeys in height.
Systems
5. On Residential Occupancies
For Apartment Buildings
Section 10.2.12. para C number 5
o Throughout all buildings except where
all guest rooms or guest suites have a
door opening directly outside at the street
or grade level or exterior exit access in
buildings up to and including three (3)
storeys in height.
Systems
6. On Mercantile Occupancies
Section 10.2.13.3. para D
o All mercantile occupancies three or more
storeys in height.
o All mercantile occupancies exceeding
1115 square meters in gross area.
o Throughout the floor below the street
floor with an area exceeding 232 square
meters when used for the sale, storage or
handling of combustible goods and
merchandise.
Systems
6. On Business Occupancies
Section 10.2.14.3 para D number 3 (b)
o High hazard content areas within the
building.
7. On Industrial Occupancies
Section 10.2.15.3 para D number 1
o Every high hazard occupancy
Fire Code Provisions on Sprinkler Systems
8. On Storage Occupancies
Section 10.2.16.2 para C
o Every high hazard occupancy
9. On High Rise Buildings

Section 10.2.19.4
o throughout all floor spaces including
every closet and concealed spaces
Fire Code Provisions on Standpipe Systems
Section 10.2.6.6.
 Design shall be in accordance with NFPA 14,
Standard for the Installation of Standpipe,
Private Hydrant and Hose Systems.
Section 10.2.6.6 para C
Where required?
 All buildings with required enclosed
stairway or smokeproof enclosure
Specific Requirements
No point in a building shall be more than 40
meters travel distance from a dry standpoint
outlet connection.
Dry standpipes shall not be concealed in
building walls or built into pilasters.
Where required?
 Assembly occupancies with an occupant load
exceeding 1000 persons.
 Educational, healthcare, business, mercantile,
industrial and hotels and apartments
occupancies, of 4 or more storeys in height.
 Hazardous storage, business and mercantile
occupancies having a floor area of exceeding
1,860 meters.
Specific Requirements
 Wet standpipes shall be located so that all
portions of the buildings are within 6 meters
of a nozzle attached to 22 m of hose.
 In theaters, auditoriums and other
occupancies, where the occupant load is more
than 1000, outlets shall be located on each side
of the stage, on each side of the rear of the
auditorium and on each side of the balcony.
Types of Inspection
• During Construction – Inspect to determine

contractors compliance with
•Contract Documents (plans, specs, approved submittals)
•Code requirements and standards of installations
•Manufacturer's recommendation
Types of Inspection
• Post Construction – Inspect to determine

equipment or system status
•Investigation of faults
•Changed condition of each individual piece of

Equipment
•Updating of documentation
Types of Testing
• Functional testing
– Done by contractor to determine individual pieces
of the system will perform as required
• Acceptance testing
– Trial run to modify operating features to ensure
false alarm-free operation
System Documentation
• After commissioning
• Up-to-date technical data of the system
• Submitted to the owner or his representative
• Records of the baseline conditions of the

system
Types of Testing
• Post Construction – Done by a trained person

and includes
•External cleaning
•Periodic performance checks
•Trouble shooting – Maybe done by in-house
personnel or thru service contract by the system
installer
Required Fittings
• Automatic Air Release
• Circulation Relief Valve
• Pressure Gages
Required Fittings
• Eccentric tapered reducer at suction inlet
Field Test Equipment
• Clamp on Volt/ammeter (measure electrical rating)
• Test gages (measure pressure)
• Tachometer (measure speed)
• Test valve header with lined hose and underwriters
play pipe nozzle
• Pitot tube with gage (if hose and nozzle to be use)
• Direct reading meters (venturi or orifice)
Note: Test instruments should be calirated by an
approved
testing calibration facility within 12 months prior to
the
test.
Flow Test Equipment
• Pitot tube
Flow Test
• No precision instrument available

– Not recommended to be done
Fire Pumps Field Flow Test Procedures
• Visual check of unit

• Ensure proper electrical connection, valves in proper
position, fire reservoir with sufficient water
• Start the Pump
• Partially open one or two hose valves or slightly open
the meter discharge valve.
• Check and observe the general operation of the unit.
• Start flow test
• Record needed data
Electric Drive Controller
• Alarm & Signal Devices on

Controller
– Power Available visible indicator
– Phase reversal visible indicator
SPRINKLER HEADS
WHAT TO INSPECT
• All areas are protected by sprinkler
• The sprinkler head is installed correctly.
• The sprinkler head is not obstructed.
• There is a clear space below the head of at
least 18 inches.
• The head is not painted or corroded
• The deflectors are not bent or damaged
• Record all results
Closed Open Inspect
• Control Valves
– Check operation
– Check position
• Sprinkler head
conditions
– Replace all missing
escutcheon (recessed)
– Tampering
– Painted
– Damaged
– Dirty
• Record all results
Inspect
Inspect FDC for debris

Depository of
cigarette
Inspect
Check Fire hoses

- Re rack hoses
- lubricate swing out
reels
- check for damage
hoses
- check operation of
nozzles
APPLICABLE STANDARD
• NFPA 25, STANDARD FOR THE

INSPECTION, TESTING AND
MAINTENANCE OF WATER BASED
EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM –
DOCUMENTATION OF ITM IS REQUIRED.
– RECOMMENDED FREQUENCY OF ITM IS

ALSO INCLUDED IN THE STANDARD.
What you want to see
• Fire department connection (FDC)

– Caps and chain
– Free from trash or debris
– Supplying standpipes
– Documented main drain test
What you want to see
• Hose Valves
– Caps and chain
– Free from trash or debris
– Space for spanner wrench
– Thread compatible with Fire
Department
hose threads. Male vs Female end
ITM PROGRAM
• Points to remember
– Inspection data tailored to your specific
needs
• Site inspection history will provide proof for
– insurance
– Compliance
• Specific inspection records and reports
• Testing/maintenance records for devices
Remember
• SUCCESS OF THE ITM PROGRAM

HINGES TO KNOWLEDGE OF THE
INDIVIDUALS CONDUCTING THE ITM
• EVEN THE BEST PROGRAMS FAIL. –

PROGRAM MUST INCLUDE AN
ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALIFICATIONS
OF THE INDIVIDUALS INVOLVED IN THE
ITM
FIRE DETECTION ALARM AND
TYPE OF AUTOMATIC FIRE STANDPIPE SYSTEM COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
PORTABLE
OCCUPANCY SUPPRESSION SYSTEM FIRE
WET DRY MANUAL AUTOMATIC EXTINGUI
SHER
BUSINESS Building is 15 m or more a. 4 or more All buildings with 2 or more storey 50 or more Required
in heights storeys in required enclosed in height occupants
height stairway or smoke-
b. Exceeding
proof enclosure
1860 m2
RESIDENTIAL All buildings with Less than 15 15 or more Required
required enclosed guest guests
a. Hotel four (4) or more storey in four (4) or more stairway or smoke-
height storey in height
proof enclosure
All buildings with

b. Dormitories four (4) or more storey in four (4) or more required enclosed Less than 15 15 or more Required
height storey in height stairway or smoke- guest guests
proof enclosure
All buildings with

c.Apartment four (4) or more storey in four (4) or more required enclosed Not more than 3 4 or more Required
Buildings height storey in height stairway or smoke- storeys in height storeys in
provided that the height or more
proof enclosure
dwelling units than 12
All buildings with shall installed apartment unit
with single
required enclosed
station smoke
stairway or smoke- detectors
proof enclosure
d. Lodging or four (4) or more storey in four (4) or more All buildings with Required Not Applicable Required
Rooming height storey in height required enclosed
Houses stairway or smoke-
proof enclosure
PORTABLE
MANUAL AUTOMATIC EXTINGUISHER
WET DRY
Single-and- two
Family Not Required Not Required Not Required single station Not Applicable Required
Dwellings smoke detector
ASSEMBLY a. Bars with live

entertainment Occupant load All buildings with All assembly Occupant Load Required
b. dance halls exceeding 1000 required enclosed occupancies exceeding 300
c. Discotheques persons stairway or smoke- persons
d. Assembly occupancy proof enclosure
with festival seating
e. with occupant load of
more 300 persons
MERCANTILE
CLASS A
a. Three (3) or more a. 4 or more All buildings with Class C Class A And B Required
2,787m2 or required enclosed
storey in height. storeys in
more, stairway or smoke-
height
proof enclosure
CLASS B- Less b. Exceeding 1115 m2 in
than 2,787 m2 gross area. b. Exceeding
1860 m2
CLASS C- 278 m2 c. Below street floors
below the exceeding 232 m2 use
street floor for sale , storage or
handling of
combustible goods and
merchandise
PORTABLE
EXTINGUISHER
WET DRY MANUAL AUTOMATIC
EDUCATIONAL a. building is 15 m or 4 or more storeys Every If building is Required

more in height in height All buildings with educational protected
b. basement used as a required enclosed building with AFSS
classroom or stairway or smoke-
laboratory proof enclosure
HEALTH CARE All hospitals 4 or more storeys All buildings with Not Applicable Every Required
FACILITIES in height required enclosed building
stairway or smoke-
proof enclosure
INDUSTRIAL Every high hazard 4 or more storeys All buildings with Less than 25 More than 25 Required
occupancy in height required enclosed employees employees
stairway or smoke-
proof enclosure
STORAGE Every high hazard Exceeding 1860 All buildings with Ordinary or low All storage Required
occupancy m2 required enclosed hazard building occupancies
stairway or smoke- not exceeding except
proof enclosure 2000 m2 ordinary or
low hazard
building not
exceeding
2000 m2
OCTAGONAL APPROACH ON FIRE SAFETY
PROTECTION IN MODERN BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION
MEANS OF EGRESS
KEY ASPECT OF COMPARTMENTATION

FIRE SAFETY
FIRE TEST STRUCTURAL FIRE

PTROTECTION
PROVISION FOR RESCUE ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION

AND FIRE FIGHTING
SMOKE CONTROL
A DISCOURSE Of SAFETY and TRAGEDY
Automatic Fire Functional Abated Hazard Safety
Suppression
Defective/Non Unabated Tragedy
Systems
Functional Hazard
Advance Ample Time Escape
Fire Alarm Notice to Escape
Systems No Advance Unawaken Death
Notice (sleep)
Illuminated
Emergency Pathway Conveyed Escape
FIRE Light (AC/DC) Unilluminated
Pathway
Illuminated Confusion Suffocation Death

Directional Guided Conveyed Escape
Sign (AC/DC)
Inadequate Stampede
Width
Fire Exit
Adequate Locked Trapped Death
Width Unlocked Conveyed Escape
THANK
YOU!

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RA 9514 KNOWN AS FIRE

CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

RA 9514 KNOWN AS FIRE CODE OF THE

1. RA 9514 ( BASIC LAW )

Call on the police,

F/Insp Jan Garry D Lunas, RME, Ph.D.

 Require the building

F/Insp Jan Garry D Lunas, RME, Ph.D.

F/Insp Jan Garry D Lunas, RME, Ph.D.

F/Insp Jan Garry D Lunas, RME, Ph.D.

Six (6) months to six (6) years

F/Insp Jan Garry D Lunas, RME, Ph.D.

F/Insp Jan Garry D Lunas, RME, Ph.D.

F/Insp Jan Garry D Lunas, RME, Ph.D.

Rule 4. Authority of the Chief, Bureau of Fire Protection

1. The Administration and Enforcement of the Fire

A. Issue implementing rules and regulations;

B. Reorganize the BFP as may be necessary and

C. Enter into long term agreement;

D. Enter into Memorandum of Agreement.

A. To support and assist fire volunteers, practitioners and fire

B. Enter into external party agreements for the conduct of

C. Call on the police, other law enforcement agencies;

D. Designate Fire Safety Inspectors (FSI) through his/her duly

E. Issue Fire Safety Inspection Certificate (FSIC) as a pre-requisite

G. Order the owner/occupant of any building or structure to

I. Issue a written notice to the owner and/or

A. Organic members of the BFP;

B. Other government offices and agencies; and

In case of paragraph “B” and/or “C” above, members may

Rule 7 is a new provision of the Fire Code which

A. During actual fire fighting operations and fire scene

B. Business closure and summary abatement proceedings;

C. Installation of signs that the building/structure is a fire hazard

D. Obstruction of designated fire lanes and fire hydrants;

E. Apprehension of violators/persons removing, destroying,

F. Such other duties and functions of the BFP which would

A. Strict observance of the requirement of fire safety measures for

B. Organization and training of fire bridges in all barangays in

C. In summary abatements, closure and/or stoppage of operation

D. Such other duties and functions of the BFP which would

Such as but not limited to, National Bureau of Investigation

A. Laboratory /physical examinations of the pieces of

B. In the Investigation, and prosecution of arson cases,

C. Such other duties and functions of the BFP which require

1. Licensed engineer (Civil, electrical, mechanical, chemical,

2. Shall have completed Fire Arson Investigation and

3. Non-licensed and non-engineering graduate must pass the

1. Appointed as engineers (Civil, Electrical, Mechanical,

2. Shall have undergone at least forty (40) hours of relevant

3. Electrical /Building inspectors must pass the written

A. Must be a licensed Architect or Engineer, and

B. Shall have undergone atleast forty (40) hours of

C. In cases where there is no licensed engineer or

A. Inspect any building, structure of facility and/or any part thereof,

B. Assess compliance with the fire safety requirements, identify and

C. Testifying any judicial and quasi-judicial bodies regarding matters

D. Conduct fire safety lectures, seminars/workshop and drills; and

E. Prepare necessary documents and maintain files and/or records.

A. Review and evaluate building plans specifications including

B. Conduct site verification and inspection on building under

The receiving clerk shall record the application for Building

C. The Chief, FSES shall consolidate and review the findings of