Microbiology ANA GPAT 2018 Viruses

DNA Virus
Group Virus name Clinical Importance
smallpox virus, produces a systemic complex
Variola infection producing rash on face, arms and
legs
Poxviruses

Mumbai / Pune/ Nagpur/ Aurangabad/ Nashik/ Kolhapur/ Nanded/ Aurangabad/ Amravati/ Ahmednagar/ Konkan
Vaccinia has been derived from the cowpox
Vaccinia virus and is used to immunize against
smallpox
upper respiratory tract infections, produce
Adenoviruses Adenovirus
latent infections in tonsils
Herpes simplex
virus 1 and 2 infects oral membranes in children
(HSV-1 and 2)
Varicella-zoster
chickenpox in children
virus (VZV)
Herpesviruses
Severe disease (pneumonia, hepatitis,
Cytomegalovirus
encephalitis) in immune compromised
(CMV)
patients.
Epstein–Barr virus Burkitt’s lymphoma,
(EBV) Infections occur by salivary exchange
virus is spread through contact, contaminated
Hepatitis viruses Hepatitis B virus
blood or by sexual intercourse.
Multiply only in epithelial cells of skin and
Papovaviruses Papilloma virus
mucous membranes causing warts
RNA virus
Group Virus name Clinical Importance
Influenza, multiplies only in the cells lining the
Myxoviruses Influenza virus
upper respiratory tract.
Swelling of parotid and submaxillary salivary
glands in childrens.
Mumps virus
Paramyxoviruses Neurological complications, e.g. meningitis in
adults
Measles virus Very common childhood fever
Infecting all mammals including dogs, cats and
cattle.
The virus remains localized at the wound site
Rhabdoviruses Rabies virus
of entry for a while before passing along nerve
fibres to central nervous system (fatal
encephalitis)
Gastroenteritis in infants spread through poor
Reoviruses Rotavirus water supplies and when standards of general
hygiene are low.
enteroviruses common in the gut of humans
Picornaviruses Poliovirus
The primary site of multiplication is the

Resource Person: Dr. Mahesh Kale 1

+91-9890 222 776 www.anaedu.org +91-9860390781

 Microbiology ANA GPAT 2018 Viruses

lymphoid tissue of the alimentary tract.

Rhinoviruses Common cold viruses
‘infectious hepatitis’ spread by the oro-faecal
route especially in children.
Hepatitis A virus Also associated with sewage contamination of

Mumbai / Pune/ Nagpur/ Aurangabad/ Nashik/ Kolhapur/ Nanded/ Aurangabad/ Amravati/ Ahmednagar/ Konkan
food or water
supplies
Causes German measles in children,
An infection contracted in the early stages of
pregnancy can induce severe multiple
Togaviruses Rubella
congenital abnormalities,
e.g. deafness, blindness, heart disease and
mental retardation
The virus is spread to humans by mosquito
Yellow fever virus bites, the liver is the main target, necrosis of
hepatocytes leads to jaundice and fever
Flaviviruses The virus is spread through blood transfusions
and blood products.
Hepatitis C virus
Hepatitis which is usually milder than that
caused by HBV
The virus is widespread amongst populations
of monkeys.
Filoviruses Ebola virus It can be spread to humans by contact with
body fluids.
Produces haemorrhagic fever
Human T-cell HTLV is spread inside infected lymphocytes in
leukaemia virus blood semen or breast milk, can cause adult
(HTLV) T-cell leukaemia.
HIV is transmitted from person to person via
Retroviruses blood or genital secretions.
The principal target for the virus is the CD4+
HIV
T-lymphocyte.
Depletion of these cells induces
immunodeficiency
can only replicate in cells co-infected with
HBV.
Hepatitis viruses Hepatitis D virus The presence of the HDV exacerbates the
pathogenic effects of HBV producing severe
hepatitis

 Rabies Virus is bullet-shaped. Rabies virus possess hemaagglutinating

activity optimally seen with goose erythrocyte at 0-4 0C. It is inactivated by

Resource Person: Dr. Mahesh Kale 2

+91-9890 222 776 www.anaedu.org +91-9860390781

 Microbiology ANA GPAT 2018 Viruses

heat (560C for 30-60 min), ether, trypsin, dexyocholate, Tween 80 but not

by Beta-propiolactone. .

Diagnosis of rabies infection:

Mumbai / Pune/ Nagpur/ Aurangabad/ Nashik/ Kolhapur/ Nanded/ Aurangabad/ Amravati/ Ahmednagar/ Konkan


1. Immunofluroscence using antirabies serum tagged with fluorescine

iosthiocyanate

2. Demonstration of Negri bodies in brain.

Resource Person: Dr. Mahesh Kale 3

+91-9890 222 776 www.anaedu.org +91-9860390781