Design and Analysis of Broadband

Reflector for Passive Radiative Cooling

Kanika Ratra Mansi Singh Amit kumar Goyal
ECE Department ECE Department ECE Department
Jaypee Institute of Information Jaypee Institute of Information Jaypee Institute of Information
Technology Technology Technology
Noida (UP) India Noida (UP) India Noida (UP) India
kanikaratra01@gmail.com singhmansi736@gmail.com amit.goyal@jiit.ac.in

Rahul Kaushik
ECE Department
Jaypee Institute of Information
Technology
Noida (UP) India
rahul.kaushik@jiit.ac.in
Abstract - In this paper, a structure is required that TiO2material. The above structure is designed in
multilayer structure is shows very high reflectivity mentioned structures are such a way that all the
proposed to design a for complete solar spectrum either require 2D photonic reflected waves
broadband reflector that has
(for the wavelength range crystal or don’t possess constructively interfere to
the capability to reflect a
of 0.3µm-2.5µm) as well as high reflectivity in give an overall high
wide range of spectrum from
ultra-violet to infra-red high infra-red (IR) complete solar spectrum. reflection.
region for TE polarised light. emissivity in the
The design analysis is atmospheric window (8µm- In this paper, a simple
carried out using transfer 13µm)[13]. multilayer structure is
matrix method (TMM). The proposed to design
structure is designed using A lot of research is broadband solar reflector
alternate layers of being carried out to design for TE polarized light.
appropriate high and low a highly efficient reflector Initially, refractive index
refractive indices. The that has the capability to contrast between alternate
proposed structure
reflect complete solar layers and number of
demonstrates more than
radiation at all incident alternate layers are
97% reflectivity for the
wavelength range of 0.3µm- angles. Normally, the optimized to have both high
2.5µm (solar spectrum). reflectors can be reflectivity and widen gap-
Fig.1: Schematic diagram of DBR
Thus, it has the potential to implemented using either width. The porosity is
structure
be used in various metals or dielectrics. introduced in the dielectric
applications such as passive Omnidirectional reflection material to obtain the The structure is
radiative cooler, and as a over a wide spectral range desired RI contras value. designed using quarter
heliostat in concentrated can be obtained using The detailed analysis is wavelength Bragg reflector.
solar power etc.
metal. However, metals are carried out to check the The analysis is started by
Keywords - Omni-directional lossy at optical and infrared effect of porosity on choosing a material of high
reflector, Multilayer wavelengths [14]. reflection spectrum. Finally, refractive index that should
structure, DBR, Photonic Dielectrics seem to be based on above results, a also have high emissivity in
crystal alternating, as they possess structure comprises three atmospheric window.
low losses at these set of three bilayer is Therefore, TiO2 is
I. INTRODUCTIO wavelengths along with proposed that shows the considered as material of
N design flexibility in term of comparable reflectivity choice having RI of 2.87
Multilayer dielectric wavelength. Rephaeli et al (>98%) for the complete [18]. Initially, the structure
structures are considered as [15] proposed a metal- solar spectrum. Proposed is optimizes to reflect
a prominent building block dielectric based multilayer structure has advantage in central wavelength of
to design various sensors structure having three set of terms of simpler design, 1550nm. Thus, layer width
[1] [2][3], filters [4] [5], five bilayers of MgF2 and easy fabrication and wider is obtained by using
and reflector [6][7]. There TiO2 material. The applications. equation 1 & 2.
has been tremendous proposed structure is
research is being carried out embedded between 2 layer II. DESIGN
by various research groups of 2D photonic crystal PRINCIPLE AND
to design dielectric made of SiC and quartz. ANALYSIS
broadband reflector that can First solar reflector based of The structure works on (1)
be used for passive planner structure is the principle of Distributed
radiative cooling demonstrated by Raman et Bragg Reflector (DBR),
application [8][9][10]. The al [16], where a chirp where optical length
passive radiative cooler multilayer structure of optimization is carried out
devices for night time are seven alternate layers of to enhance the reflectivity.
HfO2 and SiO2 is used to (2)
well known [11] [12]. Optical length can be varied
However, during day time, reflect 97% of solar by changing layer
radiations. Similarly, Kurt Where and are the
presence of solar radiation properties like height, RI
deteriorates the device et al [17] also demonstrated and porosity. Each layer RI and thickness of high
efficiency. Therefore, to a reflectivity of 65% for causes a partial reflection of refractive index material,
achieve daytime passive near UV to visible region an incident radiation as
radiative cooling, a using 11 stacks of SiO2 and shown in Fig. 1. The
 and are the RI and increasing number of light. This provides an
bilayers as shown in Fig. 3. omnidirectional reflection
thickness of low refractive bandwidth of around
It can be seen from Fig 0.77µm. However, to
index material and is the
3 that reflectivity increases reflect complete solar
center reflected by increasing number of spectra there is a need to
wavelength. Considering stacks. This is due to expand bandwidth to
TiO2 as high RI material constructive interference of around 2.2µm. Therefore,
and central wavelength of incoming rays. The multi-stacking is proposed
1550nm, all other values structure exhibits more than to further widen the
are calculated and shown in 99% reflectivity using 3 reflection spectrum. The
table 1. bilayer stack. Increasing structure is designed by
Fig. 2: Effect of increasing number of bilayer beyond it combining three separate
Table 1: Calculated refractive contrast on reflection doesn’t have much effect structures reflecting
parameter to design a spectrum for multilayer structure
on reflectivity. Further, the
of 1 stack (2-bilayer). different central
reflector for 1550nm effect of incident angle on wavelengths of 0.6µm,
wavelength designed structure is 1µm and 1.7µm. The union
RI examined. For of which results into
Contrast omnidirectional reflection, increased omnidirectional
10% 2.87 120nm there must be a common band gap. The complete
20% 2.87 120nm overlapping region of high proposed design structure is
reflectance bands for all shown in Fig 5.
30% 2.87 120nm incidence angles, moreover Using equations 1 and
40% 2.87 120nm the reflectance band should 2, corresponding layer
cover complete solar thicknesses for all these
Initially, a multilayer spectrum. Fig. 4 shows the structures (for central
structure having two effect of increasing incident
alternate layers (one stack) angle on reflection reflection wavelength ( 0)
of high and low RI is Fig. 3: Effect of increasing number spectrum for 3 stack of around 0.6µm, 1 µm and
considered for analysis and of bilayers on reflectivity
multilayer structure having 1.8µm) are obtained. This
the effect of varying RI high refractive index gives the layer thickness
To reflect the complete
contrast is analysed. The RI (nH=2.87) and low values of around
solar spectrum a PBG of
contrast is varied from 10% refractive index (nL=1.28). d1H=50nm, d1L=120nm;
around 2.2µm is required.
to 40% and corresponding d2H=90nm, d2L=195nm and
Although, increasing the RI
reflection spectrum is d3H=155nm, d3L=350nm
contrast will widen the
obtained as shown in Fig.2. respectively. Using these
PBG but it is not feasible
The reflectivity as well as substructures with the
because of material
photonic band gap (PBG) above parameters, a
limitation. The required RI
width increases by common overlapping
can be obtained by
changing RI contrast value. region is observed and is
introducing porosity but
This is because of improved found to be increased to
that affect the material
reflectivity by increasing RI almost 0.3µm to 2.5µm.
stability during the
contrast value. However, The reflection spectrum
fabrication. Therefore, in
material choice and will be red shifted by
this paper 40% RI contrast
fabrication complexity increasing incident angle.
is considered as an optimize
limits the widening of PBG Fig. 6 represents the
value for further design.
beyond a certain limit [19]. reflection spectrum of
The structure provides 87%
This shows a PBG width Fig. 4: Effect of increasing proposed structure at two
reflectivity for 40% RI
(FWHM) of around 1.3 µm incident angle on reflection extreme incident angles.
contrast using 2 alternate spectrum
for 40% RI contrast value. This gives a common
layers of low (nL=1.28) and
high refractive index It is evident from the overlapping reflection
(nH=2.87). The reflectivity Fig. 4 that the bandwidth spectrum of about 0.4µm to
can further be improved by increases as incidence angle 2.3µm. Thus, the proposed
increases for TE polarized structure effectively
reflecting almost complete
solar spectrum at all
incident angles TE
polarisation.
Fig. 5: Proposed structure for
omnidirectional broadband
reflector
Fig. 6: Reflection spectrum of
proposed three stacked three
bilayer multilayer structure
CONCLUSION
A periodic multilayer
structure having alternate
layers of high and low RI is
proposed to reflect a broad-
band spectrum from UV to
IR region. The structure is
designed using three-stack
(working at different
central wavelength) of three
bilayers. The proposed
structure provides a Sciences, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 864-878, 1982.
reflectivity of around 98%
for a spectral range of
around 0.4µm-2.3µm using
40% porosity value.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Authors thank to all 2059-2062, 1987.
member of ECE department
[15] Eden Rephaeli , Aaswath Raman and Shanhui Fan, “Ultrabroadband
for their help and co- Photonic Structures To Achieve High-Performance Daytime Radiative
operation. Cooling,” Nano Letters, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 1457-1461, 2013.
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