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John A. Veil
Argonne National Laboratory
jveil@anl.gov
202-488-2450
DUG East Conference
Pittsburgh, PA
November 2-4, 2010
Acknowledgments
2
Topics for Discussion
Background on shale gas
Water issues
– Water supply needs
– Hydraulic fracturing
– Wastewater management
Statistics on water requirements
3
Importance of Shale Gas
30
Alaska
25
Gas Shale
20
Coalbed
Methane
Tcf/year
15 Conventional
Onshore
Offshore
10
Gas Associated
5 with Crude Oil
Net Imports
0
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Source: DOE/EIA Annual Energy Outlook 2010 (EIA 2010). Note that Tcf refers to trillion cubic feet
Shale Gas Plays
The most active U.S. shale
plays to date are:
– the Barnett Shale,
– the Fayetteville Shale in
Arkansas,
– the Antrim Shale in Michigan,
– the Haynesville Shale in
Louisiana,
– the Marcellus Shale in
Pennsylvania, New York, and
West Virginia, and
– the Woodford Shale in
Oklahoma
Two important Canadian shale
plays:
– the Horn River Shale in British
Columbia, and
– the Montney Shale in British
Source: DOE/EIA website
Columbia and Alberta
Steps in the Shale Gaining Access to the Gas (Leasing)
Gas Process
Searching for Natural Gas
Steps involving water are
shaded
Preparing a Site
Drilling the Well
Preparing a Well for Production
(Hydraulic Fracturing)
http://lingo.cast.uark.edu/LINGOPUBLIC/index.htm
Water Issues in Site Preparation
7
Additional Stormwater Management Practices
Facilities provide treatment for pH and metals but do not treat TDS
– Eureka Resources installed additional thermal distillation units in June 2010
Existing facilities grandfathered under new PA rules
– New facilities will need to meet limit of 500 mg/L TDS
1. Eureka Resources
2 1 2. Pennsylvania Brine –
Franklin
3. Tunnelton Liquids
4 4. Hart Resource
3 Technologies
Ohio Counties with Commercial Disposal Wells
the number of wells actually drilled during the first six months of 2010 can
be doubled to estimate a full year (1,128).
The ratio of 2010 extrapolated drilled wells to 2009 drilled wells (1,128 to
763) = 1.48.
Assuming the same 48% increase over the 2010 estimate for future
growth, a hypothetical maximum is 1,128 x 1.48 = 1 ,669 wells.
West Virginia Drilling Permits and Wells Drilled
Year Marcellus Shale Drilling Marcellus Shale Wells
Permits Issued Drilled
2009 424 47
The ratio of drilled wells to drilling permits was 95% in 2007 and 69% in 2008.
Applying the 2008 ratio to the total number of drilling permits in 2009 (0.69 x
424) gives an estimated hypothetical maximum of 293 wells.
New York Drilling Permits and Wells Drilled
Available at
http://www.ead.anl.gov/pub/dsp_detail.cfm?PubID=2537
26
Plenty of Challenges Ahead