Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
by
Bachelor of Science in
Electronics Engineering
Mapúa University
January 2019
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The group would like to thank some people who help us through the completion of our
study:
Mr. Kerwin Rey Manalili , for allowing the group to conduct their experiment in his
farm, for lending some swine that was used during the experiment and for helping in taking
care of the swine and sharing his knowledge on how to take care of them.
Dr. Francis Lloyd G. Faustino, For sharing his knowledge about swine and for helping
us in keeping our swine healthy during the whole experimentation period.
To our Friends, for helping the group with some of the research and keeping our hopes up
during our hardships.
Our Family, especially to our parents, for the support and for still believing in us despite
the long term that we have been studying. Thank you for not giving up on us.
Our Advisers, Engr. Ramon G. Garcia and Engr. Leonardo D. Valiente, for imparting
their knowledge by giving suggestions on how we can make our paper better every time. For
accommodating us every time we consult them with whatever issue we face as a group and for
their corrections and recommendations to help us improve our paper.
And lastly to GOD, Thank you for shedding light during our dark hours and for giving
us the wisdom to continue and finish what is started. THANKS YOU.
The group owe this project to everyone that willingly helped us finish this study, we
would have not finished this if it wasn’t for all of you. Thank you for your help and we hope
that this study will also help other researchers in the future.
J.L.R. Catapang
E.A.A. Manalili
A.C. Salapantan
II
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page……………………………………………………………………………………………………….………I
Approval Sheet ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..II
Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………………………..…………………..…III
Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………………………...…………...IV
List of Tables……………………………………………………………………………………….………………….V
List of Figures……………………………………………………………………………………………………...…VI
List of Equations……………………………………………………………………………………………………..VII
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...1
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….1
CHAPTER 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Swine…………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………2
2.2 Thermal Stress…………………………………...…………………………………………………………………2
2.2.1 Cause and Effect of Thermal Stress…………………………………………………………………………2
2.2.2 Method for Thermal Stress Reduction…………………………………………………………………….………3
2.3 Vocalization…………………………………..………………………………………………………………….……….3
2.4 Thermography By Longwave Infrared Imaging…………………………………...…………………………….……….3
2.4.1 Infrared Radiation………………………………………………………...……………………………….……… 3
2.4.2 Infrared Imaging………………………………………………………………………….……………………. …3
2.4.2.1 Optical System……………………………………….………………….…………………………3
2.4.2.2 Thermal Detector…………………………………….…….………………………………………3
2.4.2.3 Scanning Mechanism…………………..…………….…………………………………………….4
2.4.3 Thermography………………………………………………….……………………………………………4
2.5 Ventilation…………………………………………………………….……………………………………………4
2.6 Misting-Cooling System……………………………………………………………………………...……………….….4
2.7 Microcontroller…………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..5
2.8 Adafruit AMG8833 IR Thermal Camera Breakout…………………………………………..…………………….…….5
2.9 Direct Color to Temperature Conversion…………………………………………….…………………………….5
2.10 Fast Fourier Transform…………………………………………………………………...……………………….…….5
CHAPTER 3. METHODOLOGY
3.1 Conceptual Framework…………………………………………………….…………………………………………….6
3.2 Process Flowchart………………………………………………………….…………………………………………….6
3.3 Set-Up…………………………………………………………………….………………..…………………………….7
A. System Set-Up………………………………………………….………………………………….…...………7
B. Hardware Set-Up……………………………………………….…………………….………………...………7
C. Pig Pen Distance……………………………………………………………………………...………...………7
D. Pig Pen without the Ventilating and Cooling System Set-Up…………………………………………..…………....7
E. Pig Pen with the System Set-Up…………………………………………………………………………….......8
3.4 Data Input……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…8
3.5 Ventilating and Cooling System………………………………………………………………………………………....8
3.6 Swine Grunt Analysis…………………………………………………………………………...……………………….9
3.7 Mapping of Thermal Image……………………………………………………………………………………………...9
3.8 Ventilating and Cooling System Analogy……………………………………………………………………………….9
3.9 Calibration…………………………………………………………………………………………...………….....9
3.9.1 Camera Calibration Table………………………………………………………………………………...………9
3.9.2 Audio System Calibration………………………………..……………………………………………...………..9
3.10 Results…………………………………………………………………...………………………………………10
3.10.1 Weight of the Pig………………………………………………………………………………….…….…10
3.9.2 Food Intake……………………………………………………………………………………………………..…10
3.9.3 Data From the Pig Pen withSystem……………………………………………………………..….…………..…10
3.9.4 Data From the Pig Pen with of the Ventilating and Cooling System……………………………………...…14 3.11
Analysis of Data……………………………………………………………………………………………….…18 3.11.1
Stress VS Grunts………………………………………………………………………..……………….…18
III
3.11.2 Temperature…………………………………………………………………………………….………….…19
3.11.3 Stress Count per Hour………………………………………………………………………………..…….…20
3.12 Statistical Analysis……………………………………………………………………………………………21
3.12.1 T for Device Generated Temperature vs Temperature Value from Parameter……………………………...21
3.12.2 T-test for Device Generated Frequency vs Frequency Value from Parameter ………………...…………...22
3.12.3 T-test for Device Generated Frequency vs Frequency Value from Parameter……………….………….…..22
CHAPTER 4. CONCLUSION
Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………..………23
CHAPTER 5 RECOMMENDATION………………………………………………..…………………….……………23
Recommendation…………………………………………………………………………………………23
References…………………………………………………………………………………...……………23
Appendix………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 24
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig 1. Swine…………………………………………………………………………………………………....…………...2
Fig 2. Classification of the stress situations of swine based on intensity and frequency…………………...………….…..3
Fig 3. The Infrared band spectrum including the very long wave infrared band……………………………………….….3
Fig 4. Scanning Mechanism…………………………………………………………………………………..….….4
Fig 5. Raspberry Pi 3……………………………………………………………………………….…………....…..5
Fig 6. AMG8833 IR Thermal Camera Breakout………………………………………………………………..…..….….5
Fig 7. Color to Temperature………………………………………………………………………..……………......5
Fig 8. Conceptual Framework………………………………………………………………...………………..…....6
Fig 9. Flowchart………………………………………………………………………………….…………………..….....6
Fig10. System Set-Up……………………………………………………………………………………………..…….....7
Fig 11. Hardware Set-Up……………………………………………………………………...…………………..….…....7
Fig 12. Distance of the Two Pig Pens………………………………………………………………………………..….....7
Fig 13. Pig Pen Without the Ventilating and Cooling System………………………………..…………………......8
Fig 14. Pig Pen with the system……………………………..……………………………..……………………......8
Fig 15. Block Diagram for Thermal Imaging Process……………………………………………..……………......8
Fig 16. Block Diagram for the Frequency and Intensity Analysis………………………………………………......8
Fig 17. Block Diagram for the Ventilating and Cooling System……………………………...…………………………..8
Fig 18. Online Tune Generator……………………………………………………………………………………...9
Fig 19. Spectrum Analyzer Pro App………………………………………………………………………………..9
Fig 20. Graphical representation of Swine Weight in 4-Weeks……………………………….………….……………...10
Fig 21. Graph for Week 1 Day 1 with System…………………………………………………………….……………..11
Fig 22. Graph for Week 1 Day 2 with System……………………………………………………………………..11
Fig 23. Graph for Week 1 Day 3 with System…………………………………………………………….……………..11
Fig 24. Graph for Week 1 Day 4 with System……………………………………………………….…………………..11
Fig 25. Graph for Week 1 Day 5 with System…………………………………………………….……………………..11
Fig 26. Graph for Week 1 Day 6 with System………………………………………………….………………………..12
Fig 27. Graph for Week 1 Day 7 with System………………………………………………….………………………..12
Fig 28. Graph for Week 2 Day 1 with System…………………………………………………..……………..………..12
Fig 29. Graph for Week 2 Day 2 with System………………………………………………….……………...………..12
Fig 30. Graph for Week 2 Day 3 with System…………………………………………………….……………...……..12
Fig 31. Graph for Week 2 Day 4 with System………………………………………………………….………...……..12
Fig 32. Graph for Week 2 Day 5 with System……………………………………………………….…………...……..12
Fig 33. Graph for Week 2 Day 6 with System…………………………………………………….……………...……..12
Fig 34. Graph for Week 2 Day 7 with System……………………………………………….…………………...……..13
Fig 35. Graph for Week 3 Day 1 with System…………………………………………….……………………...……..13
Fig 36. Graph for Week 3 Day 2 with System…………………………………………….……………………...……..13
Fig 37. Graph for Week 3 Day 3 with System……………………………………………………….…………...……..13
Fig 38. Graph for Week 3 Day 4 with System…………………………………………………….…………..………..13
Fig 39. Graph for Week 3 Day 5 with System…………………………………………………….…………..………..13
Fig 40. Graph for Week 3 Day 6 with System………………………………………………….………………..……..13
Fig 41. Graph for Week 3 Day 7 with System………………………………………………….………………..……..13
Fig 42. Graph for Week 4 Day 1 with System……………………………………………….…………………..……..13
IV
Fig 43. Graph for Week 4 Day 2 with System……………………………………………….…………………………..14
Fig 44. Graph for Week 4 Day 3 with System……………………………………………….…………………………..14
Fig 45. Graph for Week 4 Day 4 with System…………………………………………….……………………………..14
Fig 46. Graph for Week 4 Day 5 with System………………………………………….………………………………..14
Fig 47. Graph for Week 4 Day 6 with System…………………………………………..………………………...……..14
Fig 48. Graph for Week 4 Day 7 with System…………………………………………….……………………………..14
Fig 49. Graph for Week 1 Day 1 without the Ventilating and Cooling System…………..……………………………..15
Fig 50. Graph for Week 1 Day 2 without the Ventilating and Cooling System…………………………………..……..15
Fig 51. Graph for Week 1 Day 3 without the Ventilating and Cooling System…………..…………………..……..…..15
Fig 52. Graph for Week 1 Day 4 without the Ventilating and Cooling System……………………………………..…..15
Fig 53. Graph for Week 1 Day 5 without the Ventilating and Cooling System…………..…………………..…..……..15
Fig 54. Graph for Week 1 Day 6 without the Ventilating and Cooling System…………………………………..……..15
Fig 55. Graph for Week 1 Day 7 without the Ventilating and Cooling System………….………………………..…….15
Fig 56. Graph for Week 2 Day 1 without the Ventilating and Cooling System………….……………………..……….16
Fig 57. Graph for Week 2 Day 2 without the Ventilating and Cooling System…………..……………..………..……..16
Fig 58. Graph for Week 2 Day 3 without the Ventilating and Cooling System…………..…………..…………..……..16
Fig 59. Graph for Week 2 Day 4 without the Ventilating and Cooling System…………………………………..……..16
Fig 60. Graph for Week 2 Day 5 without the Ventilating and Cooling System…………………………………..……..16
Fig 61. Graph for Week 2 Day 6 without the Ventilating and Cooling System…………………………………..……..16
Fig 62. Graph for Week 2 Day 7 without the Ventilating and Cooling System…………………………………..……..16
Fig 63. Graph for Week 3 Day 1 without the Ventilating and Cooling System…………………………………..……..16
Fig 64. Graph for Week 3 Day 2 without the Ventilating and Cooling System…………………………………..……..16
Fig 65. Graph for Week 3 Day 3 without the Ventilating and Cooling System………………………………..………..16
Fig 66. Graph for Week 3 Day 4 without the Ventilating and Cooling System………………………………..………..17
Fig 67. Graph for Week 3 Day 5 without the Ventilating and Cooling System………………………………..………..17
Fig 68. Graph for Week 3 Day 6 without the Ventilating and Cooling System………………………………..………..17
Fig 69. Graph for Week 3 Day 7 without the Ventilating and Cooling System…………………………………..……..17
Fig 70. Graph for Week 4 Day 1 without the Ventilating and Cooling System………………………………..………..17
Fig 71. Graph for Week 4 Day 2 without the Ventilating and Cooling System………………………………..………..17
Fig 72. Graph for Week 4 Day 3 without the Ventilating and Cooling System………………………………..………..17
Fig 73. Graph for Week 4 Day 4 without the Ventilating and Cooling System………………………………..………..17
Fig 74. Graph for Week 4 Day 5 without the Ventilating and Cooling System………………………………..………..17
Fig 75. Graph for Week 4 Day 6 without the Ventilating and Cooling System………………………………..………..17
Fig 76. Graph for Week 4 Day 7 without the Ventilating and Cooling System………………………………..………..18
Figure 77. Graph for Week 1 of Stress vs. Grunts……………………………………..………………………………...18
Figure 78. Graph for Week 2 of Stress vs. Grunts………….………………………………..……………………….….18
Figure 79. Graph for Week 3 of Stress vs. Grunts……….………………………………………..……………………..19
Figure 80. Graph for Week 4 of Stress vs. Grunts…….…………………………………………………..…………..…19
Figure 81. Sampled Frequency for Week 2 Day 5 with system…………………………………………….……………19
Figure 82. Sampled Intensity for Week 2 Day 5 with system……………….…………………………….……….…….19
Figure 83. Sampled Frequency for Week 2 Day 5 without system………………………………………………………19
Figure 84. Sampled Intensity for Week 2 Day 5 without system…………………………………………………….….19
Figure 85. Stress VS Temperature…………………………………….………………………………………………....20
Figure 86. Graph for Stress Count for Week 1 form the system with the Ventilating and Cooling System…………….20
Figure 87. Graph for Stress Count for Week 2 form the system with the Ventilating and Cooling System……………20
Figure 88. Graph for Stress Count for Week 3 form the system with the Ventilating and Cooling System……..……..20
Figure 89. Graph for Stress Count for Week 3 form the system with the Ventilating and Cooling System…………....20
Figure 90. Graph for Stress Count for Week 1 form the system without the Ventilating and Cooling System………...20
Figure 91. Graph for Stress Count for Week 2 form the system without the Ventilating and Cooling System…….….21
Figure 92. Graph for Stress Count for Week 3 form the system without the Ventilating and Cooling System……..….21
Figure 93 Graph for Stress Count for Week 4 form the system without the Ventilating and Cooling System……..…..21
Fig 94. Temperature Cool Down for the with System…………………………………….………………………..…...21
Fig 95. Temperature Cool Down for the with System……………………………...…………………………………...21
Figure 96. Hypothesis Testing using T-Test at Temperature………………………………..……………………….....22
Figure 97. Hypothesis Testing using T-Test at Frequency……………………………………………………………...22
Figure 98. Hypothesis Testing using T-Test at Intensity………………………………………………………….22
V
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Recommended Floor Space Allowance Per Swine……………………..………….………………….…4
Table 2. Camera Calibration Table………………………………..………………..….………………….……………..9
Table 3. Audio System Calibration……………………………………………….………………….…………………10
Table 4. Weekly Weight Chart(Kg) ……………………………………………….………………….…………..…....10
Table 5. Food Intake………………………………..………………………………...……………………………..….10
Table 6. Data from Pig Pen with System………………………………..…………..………………………….……...11
Table 7. Data from Pig Pen without the Ventilating and Cooling System…………...………………………….…….15
Table 8. Week 2 Day 5 Data Sample…………………………………………………..………………………………18
Table 9. T-Test Summary ………………………………..…………………………….……………………………...22
LIST OF EQUATIONS
Equation 1. Stefan-Boltzmann Law………………………………………………..……………………….…………...5
Equation 2. Stress Grunt Analogy………………………..……………………………………….…………...………..8
Equation 3. Temperature Stress…………………………………..…………………………………………….……….9
Equation 4. Frequency Stress……………………………………..………………………………………………...…...9
Equation 5. Intensity Stress………………………………………..……………………………………………...9
Equation 6. Ventilating and Cooling System ……………………………………..……………………………….……9
Equation 7. T-Value………………………………………………………..………………………….……………22
Equation 8. Degree of Freedom……………………………………………..…………………………..……………….....22
VI
Swine Grunt Analysis through Intensity and Frequency Isolation
with Thermography using Adafruit AMG8833 IR Thermal
Camera Breakout for Swine Stress Detection and Reduction
Justin Lloyd R. Catapang#1, Emmanuelle Allyanna A. Manalili#2, Abegail C. Salapantan#3
School of Electrical, Electronics, and Computer Engineering, Mapúa University
658 Muralla Street, Intramuros, Manila 1002, Philippines
#1
jlrcatapang@mymail.mapua.edu.ph
#2
eaamanalili@mymail.mapua.edu.ph
#3
acsalapantan@mymail.mapua.edu.ph
Abstract – This paper proposed an automated system that captures of fever, lesions, ovulation, stress, as well as meat quality
an infrared image using Adafruit AMG8833 IR Thermal Camera assessment is investigated in the said study. Vocalization Data
and record audio via an omnidirectional microphone connected to Mining For Estimating Swine Stress Conditions by Marta
a sound card and process the data to determine if the swine had
Moi, Irenilza de A. Nääs, Fabiana R.Caldara et al. identified
experience thermal stress. Temperature together with the
frequency and noise intensity of the swine were logged into the swine’s vocalization pattern under different stress conditions.
system for the data analysis. After the system detected that swine The study recorded grunts and screams of the swine and is
was under thermal stress, the misting and ventilation is activated analyzed by a software called Praat. This gave them acoustic
that reduce the amount of heat the swine had experienced. Two test parameters they need to determine stress conditions using the
was conducted for comparison. A controlled setup with the misting WEKA software. After the testing, it was concluded that for a
and ventilating and an uncontrolled with only the thermal camera noise intensity lower than or equal to 73.87dB, the swine are
and microphone. The data gathered proved that maintaining the under welfare situation while for the range of 73.87 dB to
pig's temperature at normal levels through the help of an 80.18 dB, they are considered thirsty. For noise intensity
automated sprinkling and ventilating device results to better
higher than 80.18 dB, the pitch frequency was checked, where
growth performance.
a pitch frequency higher than 276.71Hz indicates that the
Keywords – Swine, Thermal Stress, Stefan-Boltzmann, Fast- swine are heat stressed.
Fourier Transform
I. INTRODUCTION The previous study on Vocalization Data Mining For
Pork is known to be the most consumed meat in the Estimating Swine Stress Conditions by Marta Moi, Irenilza de
world. An average Filipino consumes about 14.2 kilogram of A. Nääs, Fabiana R.Caldara et al., used a recorded audio of
pork a year, which is 2 kilograms more than the world’s swine while the study incorporated the fact that swine are heat
average. However, Philippines, as a tropical country, has high sensitive. This was proved in Infrared Skin Temperature
air temperature and high relative humidity that gives high Measurements for Monitoring by Dennis Dam Soerensen and
apparent temperature causes discomfort to humans and Lene Juul Pedersen. Thus, infrared emission will be captured
animals. Due to too much heat, swine undergoes stress resulting to thermal image that will dictate whether the swine
resulting to weight deficiency. The same with humans swine is under stress. A device called Adafruit AMG8833 IR
is susceptible to heat, and the inability of swine to sweat Thermal Camera will take snapshots of the swine. This device
causes them to get stressed. Heat stress on swine reduces their can capture image and isolate maximum temperature that was
productivity, consequently profitability and may even lead to captured. Audio parameters such as the grunt intensity and
death. Swine express their thirst, hunger, and stress through pitch frequency are gathered using an omnidirectional
grunts of varying loudness and frequencies. Normally, swine microphone connected to a sound card which converts
produce grunts at a certain frequency when they are under recorded audio to a format compatible for processing using
stress. Last March 2015, Kidapawan City, Cotabato Raspberry Pi where Fast Fourier Transform process is used. In
experienced sudden death of animals due to heat stroke. addition, an automated cooling system composed of
Farmers were advised to keep their swine hydrated and if ventilation and water sprinkler will be triggered when the
possible, place them in a well-ventilated space. This is a monitored parameters, which are grunt intensity, pitch
problem for some backyard raisers from Davao, as they could frequency and skin temperature, of the system detects a
not cope with the expenses for renovation and installation of deviation from the accepted range.
ventilating systems.
The main objective of this study is to use Swine Grunt
A study titled Infrared Skin Temperature Measurements Analysis through Intensity and Frequency Sampling with
for Monitoring by Dennis Dam Soerensen and Lene Juul Thermography using Adafruit AMG8833 IR Thermal Camera
Pedersen reviewed the use of infrared temperature measurement Breakout for Swine Stress Detection and Reduction.
equipment in assessing the health of humans and animals. It also Specifically, the study aims (1) to measure the temperature,
includes application of the equipment in measuring skin grunt intensity, and pitch frequency of the swine using an
temperature of swine. The relationship between body infrared imager and a unidirectional microphone to detect if
temperature, ambient, skin, and applications for detection
1
under heat stress, (2) to create an automated ventilation and II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
cooling system to reduce swine stress.
2.1Swine
Piggery owners, like Kerwin Rey M. Manalili, tend to
think that when swine are kept inside a pig pen and provided
all essential needs (water, food, and supplements) swine are
kept in good condition. Not considering environmental factors
that may affect the swine, stress level can cause loss in
weight, which reduces profit. The findings of this study will
be beneficial to piggery owners. It is because a thermal
camera measuring swine’s temperature and surrounding does
not harm it. This will reduce stress and help increase weight
value. In addition, a use of a program that captures the noise
produce by swine and use it to detect if the swine is heat
stress or not depending on the intensity and frequency
recorded by the designed system. After analyzing the data
gathered, an automated ventilating and cooling system is Figure 1. Swine
activated. Using a fan and sprinkler with the role of restoring
swine in welfare state as it reduces heat felt by the swine. Recent decades showed that there has been a
growing concern regarding animal stress on pig farms which
affects their welfare and general productive performance [2].
This experiment focuses on reducing stress of swine by When a pig is stressed, it can enter a hypermetabolic state that
providing an automated ventilating and cooling system. The generates excessively high temperatures and low pH's which
experiment would be conducted at Santa Ana Pampanga can damage muscle cells and can even lead to heart failure
where climate is classified as warm and temperate. The [1]. Metabolic meltdowns can lead to malignant
hardware to be used is a thermal imaging using AMG8833 IR hyperthermia. Having a metabolic storm before slaughter
Thermal Camera and Omnidirectional Microphone connected leads to the muscles not having time to recover which results
to a soundcard that is directly connected to the Raspberry Pi 3 to damaged meat. [1]. Stress does not seem to set off
which acts as the microcontroller of the system. A GUI will malignant hyperthermia in people, but it does in pigs.
appear on the screen once the program is ON. This GUI will However, treating pigs with dantrolene, a muscle relaxant
show the values recorded which is the temperature in Celsius, drug, would leave unwanted drug residues in the meat. [1].
Pitch Frequency in Hertz and Noise Intensity in Decibels.
Analyzation of the intensity and frequency of swine grunts 2.2 Thermal Stress
using Fast Fourier transform will analyze the tone recorded
and will indicate whether the swine inside the pig pen is under 2.2.1 Cause and Effects of Thermal Stress
heat stress, which will activate the cooling system if and only Thermal stress is a common condition experienced by
if all parameter set are met. Swine used in the experiment has livestock in tropical countries caused by high environmental
an average of 30 Kilograms each. 3 swine will be placed per temperature and humidity. This stress is experienced when there
pen. Each pen has 50 ft space between them opposite parallel is an imbalance between the body’s heat dissipation and
from one another. the swine will be fed 3 times a day and will production [3]. One example of livestock affected by this
be given ample amount of water. This is to be done by one problem is swine. Thermal stress caused by high environmental
person to make sure that same amount of food and water will temperatures has a negative effect when it comes to swine. These
be provided to the swine on both pig pen. The duration of the animals are known to be vulnerable to hot surroundings. Since
experiment will be 4 weeks starting from their 100-days old. swine does not sweat effectively, it causes heat to remain. Swine
A veterinarian will visit the swine regularly to make sure that animals depend on evaporative heat loss. [4]. Whenever swine
no swine is harmed during the experiment. are exposed to thermal stress, normally swine animals tend to
change in behavior. Examples are sprawling out on the floor to
increase its contact to cold surface and panting where the
respiration rate increases to reduce the heat experienced. As the
respiration rate increases, water from the lungs are evaporated.
Thus, swine takes advantage of evaporative cooling process.
Swine also tend to eat less than usual to reduce metabolic heat
production since eating and digestion for nutrient absorption also
results to heat [5].
2
2.2.2 Methods for Thermal Stress Reduction frequency ranging from 276.71 Hz to 212.87 Hz, it is
Remedies to minimize thermal stress of swine includes: concluded that animals were hungry. This was classified using
(1) Increasing the floor space of swine to the recommended the J48 algorithm, which is available at Weka data mining
minimum allowance. This also includes reducing number of pigs software [7].
in each pen. (2) Using shades to effectively reduce radiant heat
coming from the sun. This helps in maintaining cool temperature 2.4 Thermography by Longwave Infrared Imaging
of swine. It is also recommended to use shades that are white and
has upper surfaces that are reflected. (3) Adequate insulation of 2.4.1 Infrared radiation
roofs and ceilings that reduces build-up of heat coming from the A body organism or object with a temperature above 0
sun. (4) Providing adequate ventilation helps in ensuring that air Kelvin ( -273.15 C) emits an electromagnetic radiation from its
runs to the shelter and on swine that helps in heat dispersion. (5) surface which are called infrared waves. The electromagnetic
Ensuring an enormous amount of water supply to prevent
spectrum is consisting of a range of frequencies of electromagnetic
draining and to help in evaporative heat loss during respiration.
radiations divided according to wavelength form. Infrared waves
radiate with a wavelength less than 1mm but not greater than 30cm.
(6) Wet-Skin cooling is one effective ways by taking advantage
of evaporative cooling. The skin of the swine is wetted. This All radiations emit energy (E) that can be represented as E=h⋅f, or
method is better than usual mud wallowing of swine since the according to wavelength where E=h⋅c/λ where h=6.62x〖10〗^(-34)
latter may result to health problems. (7) Water-Drip cooling is an J, Plank’s Constant, c=3.00x〖10〗^8 m/s^2 speed of light [15]. The
effective way of cooling swine by wetting the shoulder and neck research of Frederick William Herschel stated that each color emits
of swine along with movements of air inside the pig pen. an individual temperature, and that at wavelengths past the visible
(8) Since one of the effects of thermal stress to swine is the light frequencies, infrared wavelengths, temperatures were much
decrease in the amount of food intake, it is advisable to adjust higher than the later.
the nutrition given to the swine. Providing a more nutritious
diet will result to preventing the loss of energy during times 2.4.2 Infrared imaging
of high temperatures [5]. Infrared waves are divided into bands, according to
their wavelengths, for sensor response divisions. Near-Wave
2.3. Vocalization Infrared (NWIR: 0.74 - 1μm), Short-Wave Infrared (SWIR :
13μm), Middle-Wave Infrared (MWIR: 3-5μm), Long-Wave
Infrared (LWIR: 8 -14μm).
3
thermal infrared detector. First one depends on infrared radiation production. It is a crucial element of a pig pen since it plays a
heating the detecting element with thermal detector – increase of big role in reducing thermal stress among swine. The goal of a
temperature that triggers physical mechanism rom the radiation ventilation system is to provide an environment where swine
falling on the element. The other one involved electron, can grow efficiently by maintaining heat during winter and
absorbing a phone resulting to a move from one level of quantum reducing thermal stress during summer [5]. An efficient
energy to another. This is called the photon or quantum detector. ventilation system should include: (1) adequate floor space for
Photons interact on the atomic level where charge carriers are swine. Under circumstances of thermal stress, it is
produced, generating voltage across the detector element which recommended to increase the minimum floor space to the
causes change in electrical resistance. recommended allowance. The number of pigs in each space
should also be reduced. Larger pigs are indicated in
2.4.2.3 Scanning Mechanism parenthesis under Table 2.5.1. Numbers in parenthesis are the
A scanning mechanism operates by moving an image recommendations for warm conditions where the average
formed from the lens to the detector elements. Scanning temperature is 22oC or greater).
systems usually are categorized in classes represented by the
arrangement of the one-dimensional oscillating mirror Table 1: Recommended Floor Space Allowance Per
scanner. For the first arrangement, the scanner occupies the Swine
space between the optical system and the detector. For the Partial or Solid
second arrangement, the scanner is between the external Wt of No. of swine
Total Slotted Concrete
object and the optical system. Lastly, for the third Pig, kg 2 2 per Pen,
Floor, m Floor, m
arrangement, the scanner is placed in between the focal front (lb) Maximum
end and the image-forming back end of the optical system. (ft2) (ft2)
10-20
0.25 (2.5) 0.35 (4) 20-30
(33)
20-50
0.35 (4) 0.55 (6) 20-30
(33)
50-70
(132) 0.55 (6) 0.80 (6) 10-20 (8-12)b
b b
70-110 0.75 (0.85) 1.10 (1.20 )
10-20 (8-12)b
(198) (8(10)b) (10(12)b)
4
cooler temperature of air leading to the reduction of body heat 2.8 Adafruit AMG8833 IR Thermal Camera Breakout
or prevention of thermal stress. (2) Another type of system is
direct sprinkling wherein larger water droplets are released
wetting the skin of swine, cooling the animals through
evaporative cooling [4]. Misting-cooling systems are used
since it is already proven to reduces thermal stress impact
among swine, improve its growth performance while being
low in investment cost.
2.7 Microcontroller
A microcontroller consists integrated circuits made to
act like a computer. The device, although limited, is used in a
wide variety of applications such as image processing, medical
equipment systems, Internet of Things, etc. Microcontrollers Figure 6. AMG8833 IR Thermal Camera Breakout
nowadays are common which opens the way for users to
collaborate and create different projects within an open source The AMG8833 thermal camera breakout measures
community. There are number of microcontrollers available, two heat radiation coming from an infrared-emitting body.
of most commonly used are the Arduino and Raspberry Pi. Temperature is then calculated using the Stefan-Boltzman
Microcontrollers offered by companies comes in a wide range of Law:
boards, each appropriate for a specific application. This study Π = εAσT 4
requires a microcontroller, specifically the Raspberry Pi, which Equation 1. Stefan-Boltzmann Law
can process stored data for image and audio processing.
where ε is called the emissivity, A is the surface area, σ is the
Stefan-Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature of the body,
and Π is the radiative power. Infrared thermometers such as
thermopiles of thermocouples measure radiative power. Thus,
there is a need for conversion for temperature approximation.
Figure 5. Raspberry Pi 3
5
tearing gears. [16] Fast Fourier Transform is a useful tool in 3.2. Process Flowchart
transforming time to frequency domain representation of a signal. FFT is used to separate
the frequency from the from the spectrum. When the recorded frequency is greater than
276.71 Hz, then it will state that the swine is stress with respect to its frequency.
III. METHODOLOGY
3.1. Conceptual Framework
The key purpose of this study is to produce a system
that reduces stress caused by heat to the swine. The system
uses live audio recording of swine’s grunts and infrared
thermal imager to detect whether the swine is under heat
stress. This happens through analysis of the infrared images
translate as thermal readings and swine vocalizations
interpretation from the study Vocalization Data Mining for
Estimating Swine Stress Conditions.
Figure 9. Flowchart
6
USB sound card that is directly connected to the Raspberry Pi B. Hardware Set-Up
3. The audio samples are simultaneously processed according
to the following parameters intensity and frequency where the
peaks samples of each parameter are recorded every minute
using the Python library of the Raspberry Pi 3. Audio samples
are processed by using FFT or Fast Fourier Transform where
the frequency of the swine's grunt was isolated from the
audio. Whereas for the intensity it is solved with an equation
that will give the answer which is the frequency.
3.3. Set-Up
A. System Set-up
7
The Adafruit AMG8833 8x8 Thermal Camera Sensor
has its own algorithm used in order to process image that it
captures and records the highest peak of temperature it
captures. Infrared image produced by the Infrared Thermal
Camera is processed by the Raspberry Pi.
Capturing of
Recording
IR Thermal Analyzing each
the highest
image using points of the
point
the IR image captured
captured.
Camera
Figure 13. Pig Pen Without the Ventilating and Cooling The Omnidirectional Microphone records the grunts
System from the swine. Peak frequencies are isolated using FFT and
is logged by the Raspberry Pi.
E. Pig Pen with System
The Pig Pen with The System is installed with same
type of IR Thermal Camera and Omnidirectional Microphone. Proccesing and Logging
getting the each Data
For ventilating and cooling system, an Industrial floor fan is Recording of
used as a ventilating fan with a maximum RPM of 1250 that frequency and for
Swine Grunt intensity of the Frequency
will be enough to cool down the area to regulate the
temperature. While for the cooling system, the researchers used grunts of swines and Intensity
a Sprinkler angled in an area where it can manage to get the
floor area wet. Plastic covers were placed in front of the Figure 16. Block Diagram for the Frequency and Intensity
Analysis
ventilation fan for added protection since the fan blades can
harm the swine. Covers were also placed to separate the pen
3.5 Ventilating and Cooling System
from the whole setup to protect the components especially the
The inputs such as the thermal image, noise intensity
Raspberry Pi.
and pitch frequency are compared to the accepted values from
`
the parameters. When the values of all parameters exceeded
the acceptable values, the automated ventilating and cooling
system is activated.
8
3.6 Swine Grunt Analysis 3.9 Calibration
The device records frequency and amplitude of swine 3.9.1 Camera Calibration Table
with a use of an omnidirectional microphone. The recorded Table 2. Camera Calibration Table
values for the frequency and amplitude is then correlated to the Electric Thermometer Infrared Camera
value of the temperature captured by the IR Thermal Camera.
Temperature (Celsius) Temperature (Celsius)
Let : 35.0 34.3
f = frequencies isolated form the signal 34.75 34.7
spectrum fh = highest frequency in the spectrum 35.0 35.0
If fh > 276.71 Hz then the swine is stress During the first trial some changes with the codes of
Equation 1. Swine Grunt Analogy the program was done to change the output of the device. For
the second trial the camera was checked for any damage and
3.7 Mapping of Thermal Image when then proceed to the testing when no damage was found.
The system determines highest temperature captured While for the third trial, same calibration process was done,
by the thermal camera and records it. This temperature will be and the result was 35 Celsius, which shows that the device
used for heat stress detection. The temperature value captured was calibrated and there was no further calibration conducted.
by the camera is compared to the acceptable value of
temperature. 3.9.2 Audio System Calibration
For the calibration of the Audio System, researchers
Stefan - Boltzman Equation is used for this process. : used an online application as a Tone Generator. This tone
generator application lets the user input the desired frequency
Π = εAσT 4 to be produced.
Equation 2. Stefan-Boltzmann Law
Let :
X = captured temperature
Y = recorded noise intensity
Z = recorded frequency
If X>31 C then the swine is experiencing heat stress Equation
3. Temperature Stress If Y > 80.18 dB then the swine is heat
stressed. Equation4. Frequency Stress If Z > 276.71 Hz then
the swine is heat stressed. Equation 5. Intensity Stress
9
Table 3. Audio System Calibration Comparing the resulting weights from the first up to the last
week of testing, the pigs under the controlled setup weighs more
Omnidirectional
Spectrum Analyzer Pro Microphone when compared to the pigs under the uncontrolled setup.
Trial
No. Grunt Pitch Grunt Pitch 3.10.2 Food Intake
Intensity Frequency Intensity Frequency Each pig pens are served with the same amount of
(dB) (Hz) (dB) (Hz) feeds which is 2.16 Kg per meal, 6.5 Kg per day. The
veterinarian suggested to give ample amount of feeds per
1 80 1000 80 1000
meal to make sure that the swine will not be hungry and
unlimited water to ensure that the only
The Reading from both the application and the Audio
system was equal during the first attempt. No further trial Table 5. Daily Average Intake Of Swine (Kg)
was conducted.
PIG PEN WITHOUT
PIG PEN
THE VENTILATING
3.10 Results TIME WITH
AND COOLING
SYSTEM
SYSTEM
3.10.1 Weight of Swine
The swine under the two pig pens are individually 7:00 AM 2.16 2.16
weighed to monitor relative change. During the weighting, 12:00 NN 2.16 2.16
the veterinarian is present to make sure that no swine is
harmed during the process and to verify if system is helpful 5:00 PM 2.16 2.16
for heat stress reduction. Table 4 shows the weight of each
pig during the 4 weeks experimentation period.
3.10.3 Data from the Pig Pen with System
Table 4. Weekly Weight Chart (Kg) The device is set to record data continuously which
WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 gives researches 24-hour data logs for 28 days or 4 weeks.
The graphs below are the graphical representation of the data
PIG PEN WITH THE SYSTEM gathered during the duration of the experiment.
Pig 1 25 27 30 35
The table below shows the sample data gathered by
Pig 2 24 27 31 34 the researchers since it is difficult to put all of them in a table
Pig 3 24 28 31 36 as it records data every minute.
PIG PEN WITHOUT THE VENTILATING AND
COOLING SYSTEM
Pig 4 24 25 25 27
Pig 5 23 24 25 28
Pig 6 25 26 27 28
10
Sample Data: WEEK 2, DAY 5
11
Figure 26. Graph for Week 1 Day 6 with System Figure 30. Graph for Week 2 Day 3 with System
Figure 27. Graph for Week 1 Day 7 with System Figure 31. Graph for Week 2 Day 4 with System
Figure 28. Graph for Week 2 Day 1 with System Figure 32. Graph for Week 2 Day 5 with System
Figure 29. Graph for Week 2 Day 2 with System Figure 33. Graph for Week 2 Day 6 with System
12
Figure 34. Graph for Week 2 Day 7 with System
Figure 39. Graph for Week 3 Day 5 with System
13
Figure 43. Graph for Week 4 Day 2 with System Figure 47. Graph for Week 4 Day 6 with System
Figure 44. Graph for Week 4 Day 3 with System Figure 48. Graph for Week 4 Day 7 with System
3.10.4 Data from the Pig Pen without the ventilating and
cooling system
Figure 45. Graph for Week 4 Day 4 with System Same with the controlled system, the device was
placed in the uncontrolled setup to record data continuously.
This gave researchers a 24-hour data logs for 28 days or 4
weeks. The graphs below are the graphical representation of
the data gathered during the duration of the experiment.
14
Sample Data: Week 2, Day 5:
Figure 49. Graph for Week 1 Day 1 without the Ventilating Figure 53. Graph for Week 1 Day 6 without the Ventilating
and Cooling System and Cooling System
15
Figure 56. Graph for Week 2 Day 1 without the Ventilating Figure 61. Graph for Week 2 Day 6 without the Ventilating
and Cooling System and Cooling System
Figure 57. Graph for Week 2 Day 2 without the Ventilating Figure 62. Graph for Week 2 Day 7 without the Ventilating
and Cooling System and Cooling System
Figure 58. Graph for Week 2 Day 3 without the Ventilating Figure 63. Graph for Week 3 Day 1 without the Ventilating
and Cooling System and Cooling System
Figure 59. Graph for Week 2 Day 4 without the Ventilating Figure 63. Graph for Week 3 Day 2 without the Ventilating
and Cooling System and Cooling System
Figure 60. Graph for Week 2 Day 5 without the Ventilating Figure 65. Graph for Week 3 Day 3 without the Ventilating
and Cooling System and Cooling System
16
Figure 66. Graph for Week 3 Day 4 without the Ventilating Figure 71. Graph for Week 4 Day 2 without the Ventilating
and Cooling System and Cooling System
Figure 67. Graph for Week 3 Day 5 without the Ventilating Figure 72. Graph for Week 4 Day 3 without the Ventilating
and Cooling System and Cooling System
Figure 68. Graph for Week 3 Day 6 without the Ventilating Figure 73. Graph for Week 4 Day 4 without the Ventilating
and Cooling System and Cooling System
Figure 69. Graph for Week 3 Day 7 without the Ventilating Figure 74. Graph for Week 4 Day 5 without the Ventilating
and Cooling System and Cooling System
Figure 70. Graph for Week 4 Day 1 without the Ventilating Figure 75. Graph for Week 4 Day 6 without the Ventilating
and Cooling System and Cooling System
17
STRESS VS GRUNTS (WEEK 2)
2000 1.2
1
1500
0.8
1000 0.6
Figure 76. Graph for Week 4 Day 7 without the Ventilating 0.4
500
and Cooling System 0.2
0 0
The graphs show the individual values of each
parameter per minute under uncontrolled system. The purple FREQUENCY NOISE INTENSITY STATUS
graph represents the noise intensity, while the orange graph
represents the frequency and lastly the blue line represents the Figure 78. Graph for Week 2 of Stress vs. Grunts
temperature. In these graphs it can be observed at what time and
how many times per day the swine are under heat stressed.
The graph shows frequency and noise intensity of the
3.11 Analysis of Data swine for the 4 weeks of testing. Green bar graphs are indicators
The results showed that under the controlled system, if the system has detected that the swine are thermally stressed.
heat stress among swine doesn’t reoccur often than those Day 5 of week 2 got the highest stress count.
under uncontrolled system. Also, the results indicated that
even though one of the parameters is achieved if one of the Table 8. Week 2 Day 5 Data Sample
other two parameters is not satisfied it cannot be classified as
heat stressed. TIME FREQUENCY INTENSITY
14:17 1581 69.2733094
3.11.1 Stress vs Grunts
The graph shows the temperature where the system 14:18 1195 81.80577959
has classified the given set of data as stressed. The stress 14:19 213 67.36093044
count from week 1 to week 4 for each temperature is then 14:20 243 72.31997581
reflected on the graph.
14:21 169 74.2268922
14:22 111 69.95407473
STRESS VS GRUNTS (WEEK 1)
14:23 226 75.02293546
2000 1
14:24 234 69.29281953
0.8 14:25 232 75.85451228
1500
0.6 14:26 1405 81.92799842
1000 14:27 1576 68.20743077
0.4
14:28 64 77.20353268
500
0.2
While data gathered shows different combinations of
0 0 frequency and intensity readings, all sets of data where the
FREQUENCY NOISE INTENSITY STATUS system categorized it as heat stressed, the values of the
frequency and intensity are both high, above the acceptable
Figure 77. Graph for Week 1 of Stress vs. Grunts level. Thus, the frequency and intensity are proportional based
on the conditions.
18
STRESS VS GRUNTS (WEEK 3) NOISE INTENSITY (WITH SYSTEM)
90
THRESHOLD
2500 1.2 80
2000 1 70
INTENSITY
0.8 60
1500 30
0.6 50
1000
0.4 40
NOISE
500 0.2
10
0 0 20
1684
2245
2806
3367
4489
5050
6172
6733
7294
7855
8416
9538
3928
8977
1123
5611
562
1
14:17
14:18
14:19
14:20
14:21
14:22
14:23
14:24
14:25
14:26
14:27
14:28
14:29
14:30
14:31
14:32
14:33
14:34
14:35
14:36
FREQUENCY NOISE INTENSITY STATUS
TIME
Figure 79. Graph for Week 3 of Stress vs. Grunts Figure 82. Sampled Intensity for Week 2 Day 5 with system
FREQUENC
0.8 1400
Y
1500 600
0.6 1200
1000 1000
0.4
500 800
0.2
0 0
400 THRESHOLD
1063
1594
2125
2656
3187
3718
4249
4780
5842
6373
6904
7435
7966
8497
9028
9559
5311
532
200
1
0
11:32
11:33
11:34
11:35
11:36
11:37
11:38
FREQUENCY NOISE INTENSITY STATUS
11:41
11:42
11:43
11:44
11:45
11:46
11:47
11:48
11:49
11:50
11:39
11:40
TIME
Figure 80. Graph for Week 4 of Stress vs. Grunts Figure 83. Sampled Frequency for Week 2 Day 5 without
system
The graphs below show sample data from week 2
day 5 for frequency and noise intensity with the system and
without the system. The broken line represents the threshold NOISE INTENSITY (WTHOUT SYSTEM)
90
at where any value above it is considered as a stressed value. THRESHOLD
80
INTENSIT
70
Y
1400
20
1200
FREQUENCY 10
0
1000
11:32
11:33
11:34
11:35
11:36
11:37
11:38
11:39
11:40
11:41
11:42
11:43
11:44
11:45
11:46
11:47
11:48
11:49
11:50
800
TIME
600
Figure 84. Sampled Intensity for Week 2 Day 5 without system
400 THRESHOLD
200
0 3.11.2 Temperature
The graph shows temperature where the system has
14:17
14:18
14:19
14:20
14:21
14:22
14:23
14:24
14:25
14:26
14:27
14:28
14:29
14:30
14:31
14:32
14:33
14:34
14:35
14:36
19
STRESS COUNT PER TEMPERATURE WEEK 3 WITH SYSTEM
12 16
DAY 7
14
10 DAY 6
STRESS TCOUN
12 DAY 4
8
8 DAY 5
STRESS COUT
10
6 DAY 2
6 DAY 3
4 4
2
2 DAY 1
0
12: AM001:AM002:AM003:AM004:AM005:AM00
6: A M0 07 :A M0 08 :A M0 09 :A M00 10 :A M0 011 :A M00 12 :P M0 01 :P M00 2:PM0 03 :P M00 4:PM0 05 :P M00 6:PM0 07 :P M00 8:PM0 09 :P M00 10 :P M00 11 :PM0 0
0
36.75
37.25
37.75
38.25
38.75
32.5
33.5
34.5
35.5
39.5
40.5
31
41
44
TIME
TIME
Figure 85. Stress VS Temperature Figure 88. Graph for Stress Count for Week 3 form the system
with the Ventilating and Cooling System
3.11.2 Stress Count per Hour
3.11.2.1 Pig Pen with the ventilating and cooling
WEEK 4 WITH SYSTEM
system
1.2 DAY 7
WEEK 1 WITH SYSTEM
SSTRES COUNT
1 DAY 6
COUNT
5 DAY 1
DAY 3 0.8 DAY 5
4 DAY 2
0.6 DAY 4
STRESS
3 DAY 3
0.4
DAY 4
2 DAY 2
DAY 5 0.2
1 DAY 6 DAY 1
0
12: AM001:AM002:AM003:AM004:AM005:AM00
6: AM007:AM008:AM009:AM0010:AM0011:AM00
0 DAY 7
12 : PM0 01 :PM002:PM0 03 :PM0 04 :PM0 05 :PM0 0 6:PM00 7 :PM00 8 :PM009 :PM00 10 :PM0 011:PM00
006: AM7:AM00008:AM9:AM0010:AM0011:AM0012:PM001:PM002:PM003:PM004:PM005:PM006:PM007:PM008:PM009:PM0010:PM0011:PM0012:AM00
1: AM002:AM003:AM004:AM005:AM00
TIME
TIME Figure 89. Graph for Stress Count for Week 3 form the system
Figure 86. Graph for Stress Count for Week 1 form the system with the Ventilating and Cooling System
with the Ventilating and Cooling System
3.11.2.2 Pig Pen without the ventilating and
cooling system
WEEK 2 WITH SYSTEM
24 WEEK 1 WITHOUT VENTILATION AND
22 COOLING SYSTEM
DAY 7
20
COUNT
18
16
DAY 6 10
14 DAY 5 9 DAY 4
8
COUNT
STRESS
12 DAY 3
DAY 4 7
10
8 6 DAY 2
DAY 3
SSTRES
6 5 DAY 1
4
4 DAY 2
2 3 DAY 7
DAY 1 2
0 DAY 6
1
10: PM0011:PM0012:AM001:AM002:AM003:AM004:AM005:AM00
006: AM7:AM00008:AM9:AM0010:AM0011:AM00
0 DAY 5
12: PM00
1: PM002:PM003:PM004:PM005:PM006:PM007:PM008:PM009:PM00
10: AM0011:AM0012:PM001:PM002:PM003:PM004:PM005:PM006:PM007:PM008:PM009:PM0010:PM0011:PM0012:AM001:AM002:AM003:AM004:AM005:AM00
6: AM007:AM008:AM009:AM00
TIME
Figure 87. Graph for Stress Count for Week 2 form the system TIME
with the Ventilating and Cooling System Figure 90. Graph for Stress Count for Week 1 form the system
without the Ventilating and Cooling System
20
and cooling system – either its temperature remains the same
WEEK 2 WITHOUT VENTILATION AND for quite some time or the temperature will continue to
COOLING SYSTEM increase.
4
DAY 7
STRESS COUNT
DAY 6
3
2 DAY 4 TEMPERATURE COOL DOWN OF
DAY 5
CONTROLLED SYSTEM
41
DAY 2
DAY 3
1 40
TEMPERATURE
DAY 1 39
0
008: AM9:AM0010:AM0011:AM00
12: AM001:AM002:AM003:AM004:AM005:AM00
6: AM00007:AM
TIME 37
Figure 91. Graph for Stress Count for Week 2 form the system 36
without the Ventilating and Cooling System
12:10
12:13
12:27
12:30
12:53
12:56
13:22
13:25
13:55
14:16
14:19
14:26
14:29
14:36
14:39
15:13
15:16
15:19
15:22
15:25
15:46
15:43
15:49
TIME
WEEK 3 WITHOUT VENTILATION AND
COOLING SYSTEM Fig 94. Temperature Cool Down for the with System
35
DAY 7 TEMPERATURE COOL DOWN OF
30
DAY 6 UNCONTROLLED SYSTEM
COUNT
25
DAY 5
41
20
TEMPERATURE
DAY 4
STRESS
15
DAY 3 40
10
DAY 2
5 39
DAY 1
0
10: PM0011:PM0012:AM001:AM002:AM003:AM004:AM005:AM00
38
006: AM007:AM8:AM009:AM0010:AM0011:AM00
12: PM00
1: PM002:PM003:PM004:PM005:PM006:PM007 :PM008:PM009:PM00
37
TIME
11:08
11:14
11:11
12:04
12:13
14:35
14:38
14:45
14:48
12:16
12:42
12:45
13:32
13:35
11:25
11:35
11:48
11:28
13:45
14:02
14:15
14:18
Figure 92. Graph for Stress Count for Week 3 form the system
without the Ventilating and Cooling System TIME
TIME
Figure 93 Graph for Stress Count for Week 4 form the system
without the Ventilating and Cooling System Equation 6. T-Value
3.11.3 Cooling Time t = 21.581
The graphs below are based on the data of the 5th day from
week 2 of the experimental period. As seen in Fig. 94 and Fig.
95, the controlled system had a decreased in temperature after
a minute or two while for the pig pen without the ventilating
21
Equation 7. Degree of Freedom
Df = 6
1 2
2 2
1 2
√ +
1 2
1 2
2 2
2 2
1 1
1 2
( ) + ( )
−1 −1
t = 1218.049
1 1 2 2
1
2
2
2 Equation 7. Degree of Freedom
( + )
Df = 206
1 2
1 2
2
1 2
2
1 2
( ) + ( )
−1 −1
1 1 2
2
Df = 206
22
VI. REFERENCES
Table 9. Summary
tstatistical tcritical [1] Sunil Kumar B.V., Kumar Ajeet and Kataria Meena,
Parameter Conclusion "Effect Of Heat Stress In Tropical Livestock ANd Different
Strategies For Its Amelioration," 2010
Accept alternative [2] J.F. Umboh and B. Tulung, "Performance Of The Pigs
Temperature 21.581 1.972 hypothesis Ha Maintained In A Highland And Coastal Area Of MInahasa
Region, North Sulawesi," 2001
Accept alternative [3] Robert Myer and Ray Bucklin, "Influence Of Hot-Humid
Frequency 1218.049 45.112 hypothesis Ha Environment On Growth Performance And Reproduction Of
Swine," 2001
Accept alternative [4] T.C. Bridges, R.S. Gates, D.G. Overhults and L.W. Turner,
Intensity 10.360 1.972 hypothesis Ha "Assessing The Benefits Of Misting-Cooling Systems For
Growing-Fnishing Swine In Kentucky As Affected By
Environment And Pig Placement Date," 2003
As observed in the t-test statistical analysis for each [5] Jay Harmon, Michael Brumm, Larry Jacobson, Stephen
parameter, the p value is very low which would mean that the Pohl and David Stender, "Field Performance Evaluation Of A
data compared can be considered as independent from each Ventilation System: A Swine Case Study," 2012
other. Comparing the difference, it is assumed that the value [6] Tae-ho Chung, Woo-sung Jung, Eui-hwa Nam, Ji-hyun
of D is far from 0. This could be because the parameter values Kim, Seol-hee Park and Cheol-Yong Hwang, "Comparison Of
lack data since a single value is compared to numerous values Rectal And Infrared Thermometry For Obtaining Body
generated from the device itself. Temperature Of Gnotobiotic Piglets In Conventional Portable
Germ Free Facility," 2010
IV. CONCLUSION [7] Alexandra Ferreira da Silva Cordeiro, et. al
"Understanding Vocalization Might Help to Assess Stressful
After gathering data from all tests for both controlled and Conditions in Piglets", 2013
uncontrolled setups, the weight of the swine under controlled [8]Marta Moi, et. al "Vocalization Data Mining For
setup increased more than the weight of those in the uncontrolled Estimating Swine Stress Conditions", 2014
setup. Comparing the resulting weights from the first up to the [9] Lee D. Hager, "Noise Measurement in Hearing Loss
last week of testing, the pigs under the controlled setup has an Prevention", 2007
average of 35 kilos from 24.3 kilos in the first week while the [10] Vanessa Luisa Destro Fidêncio, et. al, "Measuring noise
pigs in the uncontrolled setup has an average of 27.6 kilos from classrooms:a systematic review", 2014
17.3 kilos. Swine in the uncontrolled setup experience heat stress [11] Dennis Dam Soerensen, Lene Juul Pedersen, “ Infrared
more frequently compared to those in the controlled setup. The skin temperature measurements for monitoring health in pigs:
swine in the uncontrolled setup experienced a total of 232 heat a review”,2015
stress count compared to the controlled with only 108 heat stress [12] Justyna Cilulko, Pawel Janiszewski,Marek
count. The data gathered proves that maintaining the pig's Bogdaszewski,Eliza Szczygielska,”Infrared Thermal Imaging
temperature at normal levels through the help of an automated in Studies of Wild Animals”,2012
sprinkling and ventilating device results to better growth [13]J.C. Talling, J.A.Lines,C.M.Wathes,N.K.Waran, “The
performance. Acoustic Environment of the Domestic Pig”,1998
[14]D.A. Nichols, D.R. Ames, R.H. Hines, “Evaporative
V. RECOMMENDATION Cooling Systems for Swine”,1978
[15] Lluis Bayo Catalan, “ Neonatal Infrared Thermography
For system improvement, the researchers suggest Image Processing”, 2009
using other algorithm applicable in this kind of study for [16] Albert Red Dizon, Mapua University, “Machine Sound
result comparison. Test the efficiency of the prototype in a Logger: Sound Analysis as a tool for Predictive Maintenance”,
much bigger area to test the accuracy and effectiveness of the 2006
prototype in a much larger scale. Since the study focused on
heat stress reduction, the researchers suggest using this study
in the future for heat stress prevention because IoT is starting
to become a popular topic now a days. Future researchers
must be able to incorporate it with this study.
23
APPENDIX
Appendix A
User’s Manual
TERMINAL
3.) Press on the arrow up button on the keyboard until you find the “thermopiggery.py”
4.) A GUI will automatically appear on the screen. This indicates that the System is ON.
5.) Click “START” to start the data recording.
6.) To view the actual thermal image just click the VIEW.
7.) If you wish to stop recording just press the STOP button.
Prototype Installation
Installation on the Pig Pen without the Ventilating and Cooling System
1. Place the Adafruit AMG8833 IR Thermal Camera 1 meter above the ground.
2. Place the Omnidirectional Microphone, 1 foot away from the inside of the pig pen.
3. Secure each connection and make sure that the connections won’t come in contact with
the swine.
4. Connect the device to the monitor and Run the program.
5. In case the program doesn’t not log any data, check the connection of each component to
the device.
Installation on the Pig Pen With the Ventilating and Cooling System
1. Repeat steps 1-5 from “Installation on the Pig Pen without the Ventilating and Cooling
System”.
2. Connect each solid state relay to the ventilating fan and plastic solenoid valve.
3. Connect both relay to the raspberry pi.
4. For the Ventilating system, the fan is placed parallel to the wall facing the inside of the pen. a
plastic cover was placed at the surface of the fan for the safety of the swine.
5. For the cooling system, a sprinkler is connected to the water supply and was place 1
meter above the floor.
Appendix C
Data Gathered
Sample Data: Week 2, Day 5:
Gallery
Appendix E
Hardware Specifications
• Raspberry Pi 3 Model B
• Sound Card
Color: Black/Green/Blue
Interface: USB 2.0
Support Channel: 5.1
Chip: CM108
Support Format: WAV/MP3/WMA/MPEG1(VCD)/MPEG2 SVCD)/AVI/DVD Audio/
DVD AC3/DVD DTS/ DiVX Format File
Dimension: 51x22x12mm
Net Weight: 8.6g
• Floor Fan
Blade Material: ABS
Fan Control: Manual Control
Speed: 3
Power Input: 150 watts
Maximum RPM: 1250
Noise Level (DBA): 75
• Omnidirectional Microphone
Product Name: Wireless Mouse and Keyboard Set (White and Gray)
Size/Net Weight: 29x14x27cm; Mouse: 10x6x3cm
Compatible: Windows2000/ME/XP/(X-64)/Vista7/8/10/Mac OS X(above V10.4)
Material: ABS + Silicon+ PC
Storage: Store in normal temperature
Appendix F
List of Materials
Description Quantity
Raspberry Pi 3 Model B 1
Adafruit AMG8833 8x8 Thermal Camera Sensor 1
Plastic Solenoid Valve 1
Sprinkler 1
Solid State Relay 2
Sound Card 1
Floor Fan 1
Omnidirectional Microphone 1
LCD HDMI Monitor for Raspberry Pi 3, 2 and RPi 1 Model
1
B B+
Mouse and Keyboard 1
HDMI Connector 1
12V Adaptor 1
Connecting wire 5m
Flexible Molding Hose 5m