Computer System Servicing NCII

Carry Out Mensuration and Calculation

Marvin B. Broñoso
ICT / CSS Teacher
 Learning Outcome
• Understand the meaning of bit and ASCII.
• Calculate and convert Binary to Decimal
and Decimal to Binary.
• Learn the Bit and Binary conversion.
• Demonstrate computation of bits
conversion.
 Learning Content

• What is bit?
• ASCII Codes.
• Conversion of Decimal to binary
• Conversion of Binary to Decimal
• Conversion of Byte and Bit
 Digital Representation
• In a computer, information is represented
and stored in a digital binary format.
• The term bit(s) is an abbreviation of binary
digit(s), which represent the smallest piece
of data in a computer system.
 BIT
• A bit can have only two possible values,
which is a one digit (1) or a zero digit (0).
• A bit can be used to represent something
that has two states.
– Example:
• DecisionTrue or False
• Switch On and Off
• Boolean 1 and 0
 ASCII
• Computer uses binary code to represent
and interpret letters, numbers and special
character with bits.
• A commonly used code is the ASCII
(American Standard Code for Information
Interchange).
 ASCII
• With ASCII, each character is represented
by a string of bits.
– Example:
• Capital Letter A = 0100 0001
• Number: 9 = 0000 1001
• Special Character: # = 0010 0011
 ADDITIONAL NOTE:
• Each group of eight bits (8 bits), such as
the representation of letters and numbers,
is known as byte.
8 bits = 1 byte
• Codes can be used to represent almost
any type of information digitally: Computer
data, graphics, photos, voice, video and
music.
 ADDITIONAL NOTE:
• Each group of eight bits (8 bits), such as
the representation of letters and numbers,
is known as byte.
8 bits = 1 byte
• Codes can be used to represent almost
any type of information digitally: Computer
data, graphics, photos, voice, video and
music.
 CONVERSION OF DECIMAL TO BINARY

To convert a decimal number to binary, all you

have to do is divide the number by 2.
• Get the quotient and the remainder.
• Bring down the quotient, divide it by
two, and get the quotient and
remainder again.
• Do it repeatedly until the quotient
results become 0.
• Copy the remainder from bottom to top,
and that is the binary equivalent.
 EXAMPLE

Convert 25 to binary
QUOTIENT REMAINDER
25 / 2 12 1
12/2 6 0
6/2 3 0
3/2 1 1
1/2 1 1

25 = 11001
 HOW TO CHECK

Checking if 25 = 11001

1 1 0 0 1 multiplier
16 8 4 2 1 equivalents
16 + 8 + 0 +0 + 1
results

16 + 8 + 1 = 25
 Bytes Conversion Table
Data storage and when describing memory size, a Kilobyte is
2^10, or 1024 bytes.

Bytes are always some multiple or exponent of two.

1 byte (B) = 8 bits (b)
1 Kilobyte (K / KB) = 2^10 bytes = 1,024 bytes
1 Megabyte (M / MB) = 2^20 bytes = 1,048,576 bytes
1 Gigabyte (G / GB) = 2^30 bytes = 1,073,741,824 bytes
1 Terabyte (T / TB) = 2^40 bytes = 1,099,511,627,776 bytes
 Bytes Conversion Table
Although data storage capacity, such as on hard drives, is
generally expressed in binary Megabytes (2^20), most Hard
disk manufacturers, and some newer BIOS, use decimal
megabytes (10^6), which is slightly different and it gets
confusing...

1 byte (B) = 8 bits (b)

1 Kilobyte (K / KB) = 10^3 bytes = 1,000 bytes
1 Megabyte (M / MB) = 10^6 bytes = 1,000,000 bytes
1 Gigabyte (G / GB) = 10^9 bytes = 1,000,000,000 bytes
1 Terabyte (T / TB) = 10^12 bytes = 1,000,000,000,000 bytes
Bytes Conversion Table