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PHYSICS
Mechanical Energy
Study of the natural phenomena and the
properties of matter. Heat Energy
Light Energy
Solid Matter Energy
Wave Energy
Liquid states forms
Electrical Energy
Gas
Nuclear Energy
Chemical Energy
in the fields of
1
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
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1.2 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES
Base quantity
any quantity that can be measured by a scientific instrument.
1 A physical quantity is ……………………………………………………………………..
stopwatch, metre rule balance,thermometer,ammeter
2 Examples of scientific instruments etc.
:………………………………………………………
3 A base quantity is a physical quantity which cannot be defined in terms of other physical
quantities.
4 Study the following picture and list the physical quantities that can be measured.
6 Two quantities that have also identified as basic quantity. There are :
i) …………………………..unit
Light intensity ………….. ii)Amount
candela ……………………….
of substance unit mol
……………..
2
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Standard Form
3. piko to Mega
5456 pA to MA unit
5456 pA = 5.456 x 10 3 + (-12) pA
= 5.456 x 10 -9pA
4. Some physical quantities have extremely large magnitudes. These extremely large and
= 5.456
small values can be written in standard form or using standard x 10 -9Write
prefixes. –(6)
MA
the
quantities in standard prefixes: 9.1 x 10 1MHz
= 5.456 x 10 -15 MA
a. Frequency of radio wave = 91 000 000 Hz = ………………………………………….
12.8 Mm = 1.28 x 10 1 Mm
b. Diameter of the earth = 12 800 000 m = ………………………………………………
383 Mm = 3.83 x 10 2 Mm
6.0 x 10 12 Tm
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
_________________________________________________________________________________________
c. Distance between the moon and the earth = 383 000 000 m = ………………………
d. Mass of the earth = 6 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 kg = ………………………
Derived quantities
a physical quantity which combines several basic quantities
1 A derived quantity is …….…………………………………………………………………
through multiplication, division or both
………………………………………………………………………………………………
2 Determine the derived unit for the following derived quantities .
Derived Name of
Formula Derived unit
quantity derived unit
area area = length x width m x m = m2 –
volume volume = length x width x height m x m x m = m3 –
mass kg
density density kg m 3 –
volume m3
displacement m
velocity velocity m s 1 –
time s
momentum momentum = mass x velocity kg m s-1 –
m s 1
change in velocity m s -1 s 1
Acceleration acceleration s –
time
m s 2
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Derived Name of
Formula Derived unit
quantity derived unit
voltage
resistance resistance v A-1 Ohm (Ω)
current
Note that the physical quantities such as width, thickness, height, distance, displacement,
perimeter, radius and diameter arewhich
Quantity equivalent to length.
has only magnitude or size
1.4 MEASUREMENTS
4 less than
Sample of measuring instruments : 2 cm (20 mm) 0.001 cm (0.01 mm)
5
is use to measure electric current
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
_________________________________________________________________________________________
4.1 Ammeter : ……………………………………………………………………………..
incorret reading 1 2 3 correct
1 2 is3 use to determine the volume of liquid.
0 4 reading
0 4
pointer mirror
pointer mirror
Pointer’s image can be seen Pointer’s image is behind the pointer
water
10 11 12 13 14 15 Reading = ……………… cm
small object depth of a hole
external diameter of a cylinder or pipe internal diameter of a pipe or tube
0.1 cm
4.4 Vernier calliper
c. ………………………………………………d. ………………………………………….
inside jaws
0.09
cmVernier
0 scale1 2 3 4 Main scale
SKALA
0.01 cm
UTAMA
0
outside jaws
5 10
Main scale in cm
0 1 cm
0 1
0.15
0 5 10 Vernier calliper reading = ……………. cm
4.5 Micrometer screw gauge.
A micrometer screw gauge is used to measure :
objects that are small in size
a. ………………………………………………
diameter of a wire
b. ………………………………………….
diameter of small spheres such as ball bearings
c. ………………………………………………
Example :
2.0 mm
Sleeve scale : ……………
0.22 mm
Thimble scale : ………….
2.22 mm
Total reading : …………...
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
_________________________________________________________________________________________
(b)
(c)
6 7
Answer: ……6.28 cm………..
0 5 1
0
(d) Answer: …0.02 cm…………..
0 1
0 5 10
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2. (a) The following diagram shows the scale of a vernier calliper when the jaws are closed.
0 1
0 5 10
5 6
0 5 10
3. Write down the readings shown by the following micrometer screw gauges.
(a) (b)
40 0 35
0 5 5 10
35 30
(c) (d)
0
25 0 5 20
20 15
Answer:………………………… Answer:…………………….
0 0 5
0
0
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
_________________________________________________________________________________________
45
5 0 5 20
0
0
15
5. Write down the readings shown by the following micrometer screw gauges.
(a) (b)
40 0 35
0 5 5 10
35 30
20 15
0 0 5
0
45
0
5 0 5 20
0
0 10
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
_________________________________________________________________________________________
15
target
consistent but inaccurate consistent and accurate inaccurate and not consistent
………………………… ……………………… ……………………………..
target
Accurate but not consistent inaccurate but consistent inaccurate but not consistent
…………………….. …………………………….. ………………………………
Hands-on activity 1.2 on page 2 of the practical book to determine the sensitivity of
some measuring instruments.
Example : wrong
wrong
Horizontal Horizontal
reference 3 divisions
referenceabove
Gather all available information about the2 divisions
object or below
phenomenon to reference
horizontal
be studied. horizontal reference
Using the five senses, sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell.
Steps Explanation
Making
1
observation
Drawing
2
inferences
Identifying
3 and controlling
variables
3 Aim
4 Variables
5 List of
apparatus and
materials
6 Arrangement of
the apparatus
Retort stand
protractor
bob
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
_________________________________________________________________________________________
8 Tabulate the Time for 10 oscillations / s Period/ s
data 1 2 (T = t10/10)
Average
60.0 15.8 15.7 15.8 1.58
50.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 1.50
40.0 13.1 13.1 13.1 1.31
30.0 11.9 11.9 11.9 1.19
20.0 9.9 9.9 9.9 0.99
9 Analyse the
T/s Graf of period, T vs
data pendulum’s
1.4 length, l
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 l / cm
10 Discussion Precautions :
1. Oscillation time is measured when the pendulum attained a steady
state.
2. Time for 10 oscillations is repeated twice to increase accuracy.
3. Discussion (refer to given questions)
11 Conclusion
The period increases when the length of the pendulum increases.
Hypothesis accepted.
Reinforcement Chapter 1
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
_________________________________________________________________________________________
unit? A mili, senti, mikro, desi
A Newton B kilogram B mikro, mili, senti, desi
C ampere D second C mili, mikro, desi, senti
D desi, mikro, mili, senti
4. Which of the following quantities
cannot be derived? 12. Velocity, density, force and energy are
A Electric current B Power A basic quantities
C Momentum D Force B scalar quantities
C derived quantities
5. Which of the following quantities is D vector quantities
not derived from the basic physical
quantity of length? 13. Which of the following shows the
A Electric charge B Density correct conversion of units?
C Velocity D Volume A 24 mm3 =2.4 x 10-6 m3
B 300 mm3=3.0 x 10-7 m3
6. Initial velocity u, final velocity v, C 800 mm3=8.0 x 10-2 m3
time t and another physical quantity k D 1 000 mm3=1.0 x 10-4 m3
is related by the equation v - u = kt.
The unit for k is 14. Which of the following measurements
A m s-1 B m-1 s is the shortest ?
-2
C ms D m2 s-2 A 3.45 x 103 m
B 3.45 x 104 cm
7. Which of the following has the C 3.45 x 107 mm
smallest magnitude? D 3.45 x 1012 m
A megametre B centimetre
C kilometre D mikrometre 15. The Hitz FM channel broadcasts radio
waves at a frequency of 92.8 MHz in
8. 4 328 000 000 mm in standard form is the north region. What is the frequency
A 4.328 x 10-9 m B 4.328 x 10-6 m of the radio wave in Hz?
C 4.328 x 106 m D 4.328 x 109 m A 9.28 x 104 B 9.28 x 105
C 9.28 x 107 D 9.28 x 1010
9. Which of the following measurements
is the longest? 16. An object moves along a straight line
A 1.2 x 10-5 cm B 120 x 10-4 dm for time, t. The length of the line, s is
C 0.12 mm D 1.2 x 10-11 km 1 2
given by the equation s gt . The
2
10. The diameter of a particle is 250 m. SI unit of g is
What is its diameter in cm? A m2 s2 B m s-2
-1
A 2.5 x 10-2 B 2.5 x 10-4 C s D s-2 m
C 2.5 x 10-6 D 2.5 x 10-8 Part B : Structure Question
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 1
(a) (i) Based on the statements given, state two basic quantities and their respective
SI units.
Distance : m and time : s
………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) State a derived quantity and its SI unit.
Speed – m s-1
………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Convert the value 1 . m to standard form.
5 x 10-3
= 0.2 x 103 m
= 2.0 x 102 m
10-9
10-6
106
109
Table 1
(d) Power is defined as the rate of change of work done. Derive the unit for power in
terms of its basic units.
work Force displacement kgms 2 m
Power = = Unit = = kg m2 s-3
time time s
(e) Calculate the volume of a wooden block with dimension of 7 cm, 5 cm breadth and 12
cm height in m3 and convert its value in standard form.
Volume = (7 x 10-2) (5 x 10-2) (12 x 10-2)
= 420 x 10-6
= 4.20 x 10-4 m3
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JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4
Teacher’s Guide Chapter 1 : Introduction To Physics
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 2
Mirror
(a) (i) Name component X. ………………………………………………………………...
To avoid parallax error
(ii) What is the function of X? ………………………………………………………….
(b) Table 2 shows three current readings obtained by three students.
Table 2
No
(i) Did all the students use the ammeter in Figure2? ..………………………………….
(ii) Explain your answer in (b)(i).
3rd readings obtained by student 2 and 3 are out of the meter range.
………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Figure 3 shows the meniscus of water in a measuring cylinder K, L, and M are three eye
positions while measuring the volume of the water.
…….
……………………………………
Figure 3
………………………………………………………………………………………
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