NEW TANK PROJECT 2018-19

1. NEW TANK PROJECT

INTRODUCTION OF THE PROJECT

New tanks are constructed to provide water for multipurpose irrigation purpose.
Tanks and reservoirs require very careful planning, design and operation for which certain
observations relating to selection of site, relative merits of different types of tanks, storage
capacity, optimum yield, coordinated uses of storage for different purposes etc., are to be
studied in detail. The irrigation reservoir is primarily meant to store the excess water during
the period of large supply and release it gradually for irrigation as and when required .A
scheme of this type of formation of new tank near has been taken up as project Work as per
the university regulations. The proposed site across the stream called Thittahalli.

1.1 EARTH DAM

Earth dams are built of locally available soils and gravels with less skilled labors, and
hence they are cheap. They can be constructed on earthen foundation but they are more
susceptible to failure as compared to rigid dams. If the properties of soil used in the dam are
properly controlled then this dam can be designed with a fair degree of accuracy. Continuous
filed observations regarding the pore water pressures and deformations are to be made during
construction and design should be modified according to them. Therefore is the most
common type dams used up to moderate height. Their construction involves utilization of
materials in the natural state, requiring a minimum processing. With the advancing
knowledge of soil mechanics and with the advent of more sophisticated earth moving
equipment, earthen dams are now becoming more common, even for higher heights.
A purely homogeneous earth dam is composed of single kind of material {Exclusive of the
slope protection}.Shown below is a typical cross-section of a purely homogeneous type earth
dam.

1.2 RESERVOIRS
When a barrier or dam is constructed across, water gets stored on the upstream side of
the barrier is called dam or reservoir. Water is stored in the reservoir during rainy season can

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be utilized throughout the year for many purposes like irrigation, water supply, navigation,
hydroelectric power, etc.

1.3 EARTHEN BUNDS

Earthen bund is the main barrier across the valley and streambed, to store water in the
tank. For small tanks the height of the bund may be around 3 to 5 meters. For bigger tanks
(reservoirs) heights may be around 10 meters and may go up to 15 meters also.

1.4 SALIENT DETAILS OF EARTHEN DAM

 Top Width
 Upstream Slope
 Bank Section:
 Cut-off
 Longitudinal and Cross Drains
 Consolidation of Banks
 Top Width and Free Board of the Banks:
1.5 NECESSITY OF THE NEW TANK:
Primarily all the irrigation structures are developed and built to cater to the needs of: -
 Irrigation
 Water supply
 Recharging of ground water resources
 Flood mitigation

1.6 EQUIPMENT REQUIRED:

 Level with stand
 Leveling staff
 30 m chain and tape
 Arrows
 Ranging rods
 Theodolite
 Cross-staff

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1.7 CAPACITY CONTOURING:
A contour is the line of level surface or it is an imaginary line joining points of equal
reduced levels or elevations. It is the method of taking measurements in the field so that
contour lines can be drawn on a map to give a complete picture of earth’s surface. The
vertical distance between any two consecutive contours is called contour interval. The
contour interval depends on the nature of ground, scale of map, purpose and extent of survey
etc.

1.8 CANAL ALIGNMENT:

A Canal has to be aligned in such a way that it covers the entire area proposed to be
irrigated, with shortest possible length and at the same time its cost including the cost of
cross drainage works is a minimum. A shorter length of canal ensures less loss of head due
to friction and smaller loss of discharge due to seepage and evaporation, so that additional
areas can be brought under cultivation.
According to alignment, the channels may be
 Ridge canal.
 Contour canal.
 Side slope canal.

1.9 STUDY AREA

Place of Project Thittahalli, Kumbhalgudu, Bangalore District.
Distance from Bangalore 25km.
Distance from developmental area 9.5km from Jyothy Institute of Technology
Nature Of the project New Tank Project.
Type of Bund Homogenous Earthen Bund.

1.9.2 DETAILS OF STORAGE TANK:

Catchment area of tank 1.2 sq.km
Area irrigated 800 hectares
Proposed crop pattern Mixed crop pattern
Average annual rainfall 70mm

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1.9.3 DETAILS OF BUND:
Type of bund Homogenous type earthen dam
Length of bund 315m
Maximum height of bund 7.81m
Lowest ground level 760.1m
Top level of the bund (TBL) 767.9m
Maximum water level (MWL) 766.91m
Full tank level (FTL) 765.91m
Dead storage level (DSL) 760.8m
Lowest bed level (LBL) 760.1m
Sluice level 761.8m
Top width of bund 3m
Upstream slope 1.5:1
Downstream slope 2:1
Rock toe provided
Upstream pitching 50cm thick stone

1.9.4 DETAILS OF MAIN CHANNEL:

Channel of taking RL 760.1m
Longitudinal gradient provided 1:80
Bottom width of the channel 8m
Depth of water 2m
Side slopes 1:2
Free board 0.5m
Type of sluice Tank sluice without tower head
Canal length surveyed 500m

1.9.5 DETAILS OF WASTE WEIR:

Type Broad Crested surplus Weir
Crest level 671.1m
Depth of spillage 0.5m
Waste weir length 20m

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Top width of weir 1.5m
Bottom width of weir 3m

1.10 DESIGN OF WATER SPREAD CONTOUR:

This survey is necessary to draw the capacity contours by the help of which the storage levels of the
tank are fixed. This can be carried out by the following method

 One set of levels is taken along the course of the tank on the upstream and another set at right
angle to it at the widest region and counters are interpolated.
 The F T L counter is traced directly and cross section at suitable intervals are taken across
this until F T L on the other side is reached. The lowest point of main valley is met and the
contours’ are interpolated .The entire water spread is covered by block levelling and any
number of contours is interpolated.
 Of the above three methods the third method is most accurate but it is tedious. Any of the
above methods may be adopted depending upon the degree of the accuracy required and the
size of the project.
Table 1.1 Contour and area enclosed

CONTOUR AREA ENCLOSED(𝐾𝑚2 )

757 0.0235
758 0.0692
761 0.3329
763 0.7998
764 1.1572

If A1,A2,A3…..An, are the areas of successive contours , H being the contour interval , then
by prismoidal rule. The storage capacity can be calculated . Using prismoidal rule

𝐻
V= ((A1+An)+4(A2+A4+….)+2(A3+A5+….)) (1)
3

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Where, V = 6.47 x 106 m3

1.9.7 DESIGN OF SURPLUS WEIR OR WASTE WEIR:

By using Ryve’s formula: Qmax=CM2/3

Where,

C is Ryve’s Coefficient=10.1

M is catchment area=1.1572 Km2

Discharge Qmax=11.13

Assuming it as broad crested weir.

Discharge Q=1.022LH3/2

H: Head over the weir = (MWL-FRL) = 1m

After substituting the above values we will obtain the length of weir as 11m

1.9.8 DESIGN OF SLUICE:

 Commanded Area = 555.45 hectors

 Average duty of water = 3000hec/cumec
 Conveyance losses = 15%
 Coefficient of discharge = 0.8-0.9

1.9.9 RATE OF DISCHARGE (Q):

Discharge at field = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 /𝐷𝑢𝑡𝑦 = 555.45/3000 =0.185 m3/s

Discharge at sluice , Q = Cd×A ×√(2gH)

0.185 = 0.8√(2×9.81×4.11)

0.185 = 7.18A

A = 0.0257 sqm

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NEW TANK PROJECT 2018-19

𝜋𝑑 2
A=
4

d = 0.180m

1.11 DESIGN OF CHANNEL SECTION:

1.10.1 DETERMINATION OF IRRIGABLE AREA:

The yield of catchment has been found to be 6.4×106 m3

Assuming 10% for evaporation loss and 15 % of conveyance loss i.e., 25% as total loss in
reservoir storage capacity.

Volume of water available for irrigation is = 6.4×106×0.75 = 4.8×106m3

Assuming average duty of 115.72 Hectares for mixed crop pattern.

(4.8×106 ×115.72)=
Area that can be irrigated = 555.45hectares
106

It is assumed that the reservoir gets filled once annually.

Taking average duty for mixed crop pattern as 3000 hectares/cumec.

555.45
Discharge Q = ( ) =0.19m3/second
3000

A side slope=1:1

Lacey silt factor(f)=1.0 (for standard silt)

𝑄𝐹 2 1/6
Velocity in channel=V={ } =0.33m/s
140

𝑄 0.19
Area of channel section= = =0.57m2
𝑉 0.33

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Let the base width be 50cm and side slope =1:1

Perimeter P=b+√5y,

𝑏+𝑦
Area A=( )y
2

P=4.75×√Q

=4.75×√0.19=2.07m

2.07=b+√5y

b=2.07-√5y

𝑦2
0.57=by+
2

On solving the above equation we get,

y=0.43m

b=1.106m

5
Longitudinal slope of the channel S= f ( ) /(3340 × Q(1/6))
3

S= (1(5/3))/(3340×0.19 1/6)

1
S=
2532.43

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