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LECTURE
RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND
STRESS CONCENTRATION
• A. J. Clark School of Engineering •Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
5 by
Dr. Ibrahim A. Assakkaf
SPRING 2003
Chapter ENES 220 – Mechanics of Materials
2.10 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
2.18 University of Maryland, College Park
LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 1
Loaded Members
Example 5
A rod of length L, cross-sectional area A1,
and modulus of elasticity E1, has been
placed inside a tube of the same length L,
but of cross-sectional area A2 and
modulus of elasticity E2. What is the
deformation of the rod and tube when a
force P is exerted on a rigid end plate as
shown? What are the internal forces in the
rod and the tube?
1
LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 2
Loaded Members
Example 5 (cont’d)
End plate
L
LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 3
Loaded Members
Example 5 (cont’d) Tube (A2, E2)
FBD: FT/2
P FR
FT/2
FT FT
→ + ∑ Fx = 0; P − − − FR = 0
2 2
FR + FT = P
(9)
2
LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 4
Loaded Members
Example 5 (cont’d)
– Clearly on equation is not sufficient to
determine the two unknown internal forces
FR and FT. The problem is statically
indeterminate.
– However, the geometry of the problem
shows that the deformations δR and δT of
the rod and tube must be equal, that is
LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 5
Loaded Members
Example 5 (cont’d)
Tube (A2, E2)
δ R = δT Rod (A1, E1)
P
FR L FL
= T L
End plate
A1 E1 A2 E2
FR F
= T
A1 E1 A2 E2
FR A2 E2
FT = (10)
A1 E1
3
LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 6
Loaded Members
Example 5 (cont’d)
– Substituting Eq. 10 into Eq. 9, therefore
AE A E + A2 E2
FR 1 + 2 2 = P ⇒ FR 1 1 = P
A1 E1 A1 E1
LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 7
Loaded Members
Example 5 (cont’d)
Substituting Eq. 10 into Eq. 9, therefore
Or Tube
Tube
(A(A
2, 2E
, 2E) 2)
Rod
Rod 1, 2E
(A(A , 1E) 2)
PA1 E1 PP
FR = Ans.
A1 E1 + A2 E2 LL
End
Endplate
plate
4
LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 8
ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 9
Loaded Members
Example 6 (cont’d)
• Also find the stresses in the brass and steel rods.
6000 lb
8 ft Brass Steel
x 4 ft
10 ft
5
LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 10
Loaded Members
Example 6 (cont’d)
FBD Fb Fs
8 ft = 96 in.
6000 lb 4 ft = 48 in.
x
Fb Fs
A
10 ft
LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 11
ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
↑ + ∑ Fy = 0; Fs + Fb − 6000 = 0 (11)
+ ∑ M A = 0; Fb (10) − 6000( x ) = 0 (12)
6
LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 12
ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
δs = δb (13)
LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 13
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LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 14
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LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 15
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Fb + Fs − 6000 = 0
10 Fb − 6000 x = 0
8
LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 16
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LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 17
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x = 4.167 ft
Hence, if the bar is to remain horizontal,
the 6000-lb load should placed 4.167 ft
from the steel rod as shown.
9
LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 18
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LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 19
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LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 20
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σ
ε total = ε σ + ε T = + α ∆T (22)
E
LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 21
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LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 22
Thermal Stresses
ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 23
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LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 24
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δT
A
B′
P
A
LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 25
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LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 26
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δ T = ε T L = α∆TL (24)
LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 27
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LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 28
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δT
A
B′
P
A
LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 29
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LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 30
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LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 31
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LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 32
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LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 34
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LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 35
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LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 36
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A C B
Area = 0.6 in2 Area = 1.2 in2
12 in 12 in
LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 37
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LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 38
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δT
A C B
1 2
δB
L1 L2
A C B
1 2 RB
LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 39
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LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 40
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LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 41
ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
F1 18.85
σ 1 (stress in AC ) = = = 31.42 ksi
A1 0.6
F2 18.85
σ 2 (stress in CB ) = = = 15.71 ksi
A2 1.2
21
LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 42
Stress Concentrations
ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 43
Stress Concentrations
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LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 44
Stress Concentrations
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LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 45
Stress Concentrations
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Hole Fig. 3
23
LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 46
Stress Concentrations
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Fillet Fig. 4
LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 47
Stress Concentrations
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LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 48
Stress Concentrations
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Example 9
SOLUTION:
• Determine the geometric ratios and
find the stress concentration factor
from Fig. 4.
Determine the largest axial load P
that can be safely supported by a • Find the allowable average normal
flat steel bar consisting of two stress using the material allowable
portions, both 10 mm thick, and normal stress and the stress
respectively 40 and 60 mm wide, concentration factor.
connected by fillets of radius r = 8 • Apply the definition of normal stress to
mm. Assume an allowable normal find the allowable load.
stress of 165 MPa.
LECTURE 5. RODS: THERMAL STRESS AND STRESS CONCENTRATION (2.10, 2.18) Slide No. 49
Stress Concentrations
ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Example 9 D 60 mm
= = 1.50
r
=
8 mm
= 0.20
d 40 mm d 40 mm
K = 1.82
25