Islam Math A That Hwan Jan Am

CkvemwaX XØz-⁄m\w
CkvemwaX XØz-⁄m\w
lZvdØv an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv(A)
]cn-`m-j-I≥: F≥. -lm-anZv
{]km-[-I¿:
Ckvemw C‚¿\m-j-W¬ ]ªn-t°-j≥kv, tIcf
t^m¿´v tdmUv, IÆq¿˛ 670 001
Islam Matha Thathwanjnanam
(Malayalam Translation of an Urdu work)
Religion
Author
Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad(A)
Translated by:
N. Hamid, Kannur
Printed at:
BRB Offset Printing Press
First Edition : 1931

Second Edition : 1962
Third Edition : 1973
Fourth Edition : 1981
Fifth Edition : 1993
Sixth Edition : 2001
Seventh Edition: 2007
Copies : 3000
Price: 60
Publishers
Islam International Publications, Kerala
Fort Road, Kannur- 1
IIPK/8
Cu {KŸ-sØ-∏‰n
Count Leo Tolstoy: “The ideas are very profound and very
true”
Theosophical Book Notes: “The best and the most attrac-
tive presentation of the faith of Muhammad which we have yet
come across.”
The Bristol Times and Mirror: “Clearly it is no ordinary
person who thus addresses himself to the West.”
ae-bmf at\m-ca: ""aX-kn-≤m¥ Pn⁄m-kp-°ƒ Cu hne-
tb-dnb ]pkvXIw hmbn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.''
The English Mail: “A Summary of really Ialamic ideas.”
k\m-X\ [¿Ωw: ""apk¬am∑m¿°pw CkvemwaXsØ
am∏nf el-f-bmbn hymJym-\n®p sIm≠n-cn-°p∂ lnµp-
°ƒ°pw Hcpt]mse D]-I-cn-°p∂ Hcp k¬{K-Ÿ-amWv
CXv.''
The Spiritual Journal (Boston): “Pure Gospel”
kZvKpcp: ""Jp¿-B≥ {KŸ-Øns‚ Hcp hymJym-\w.''
apl- Ω - Z en hmcnI: ""hmbn- ® - h - k m- \ - ∏ n- s ®- ¶ nte Cu
]pkvXIw Xmsg sh°p-I-bp-≈q.''
Indian Review: “The book deserves to be in the hands of
every Muhammadan student and also in the libraries of those who
wish to know something of Muhammadan religion.
The Milwaukee Journal: “The contents have been entirely
drawn from the Holy Quran.”
The Muslim review, India: “A careful perusal of this little
volume is well calculated to dissipate many of the misconcep-
tions prevailing against Islam.”
{]km-[-I-°p-dn∏v
tIc-f-Ønse aX-km-lnXy cwKØv B≤ym-fln-I-X-bp-sSbpw
Adn-hn-s‚bpw hnI-kzc N{I-hmfw Xpd∂pX∂ alXv-Ir-Xn-I-
fn-sem-∂mWv CkvemwaX XØz-⁄m\w. hnip≤Jp¿-Bs‚
Ccp-∂q-tdmfw kq‡-ß-fpsS XØz-Nn-¥m-]-chpw kq£va-⁄m-
\-]-c-hp-amb hymJym-\-ßƒhgn PohnXe£y-Øns‚ ]q¿ÆX
Bhn-jvI-cn-°p∂ Cu al-\ob{KŸsØ XnI™ BZ-c-thm-
sSbpw \nd™ BÀm-Z-tØm-sS-bp-amWv tIc-f-Ønse klr-Z-
b-temIw G‰phmßn-b-Xv. CXns‚ Bdmw ]Xn∏v hfsc thK-
Øn¬ Xo¿∂-t∏mƒØs∂ hmb-\-°m-cn¬ Cu IrXn°v e`n®
kzoIm-cyX Rßƒ°v t_m[y-am-bn. CkvemwaX XØz-⁄m-
\-Øns‚ Cu Ggmw ]Xn∏v aX-km-lnXy kwth-Z\ taJ-eb - n-
te°v kk-t¥mjw ka¿∏n-°p∂p.
CXn-\p-th≠n kmº-ØnI klmbw sNbvXXv IqSm-fn-
bnse a¿lqw P\m_v hn.-]n. A–p¬ Peo¬ kmln-_ns‚
a°- f m- W v . IqSmfn Pam- A - Ø ns‚ {]kn- U ‚pw kmaq- l nI
{]h¿Ø-I\pw DZm-c-a-Xn-bp-amb hn.-]n. A–p¬ Peo¬ kmln-
_ns‚ Hm¿Ω-bv°mbn At±-l-Øns‚ a°ƒ sNøp∂ Cu
tkh-\-Øn\v A√mlp X°-Xmb {]Xn-êw \evIpIbpw CXv
{]kn-≤o-Icn-°m≥ bXv\n® F√m am\yktlm-Z-cßtfbpw
A√mlp A\p-{K-ln°p-Ibpw sNøpam-dm-I-s´. Bao≥.
IÆq¿, kZv¿,
20˛05˛2007. Ckvemw C‚¿\m-j-W¬ ]ªn-t°-j≥kv,
tIcf.
hnjb hnhcw
{]kvXm-h-\ ................................................................................................. 9
apJ-hp-c ........................................................................................................ 11
{KŸ-I¿Øm-hn-s\-∏-‰n......................................................................... 19
kXy-[¿Ω-Pn-⁄m-kp-°ƒ°v kphm¿Ø ................................... 21
CkvemwaX XØz-⁄m-\w................................................................ 25
imco-cn-Iw, [m¿Ωn-Iw, B≤ym-flnIw F∂o aq∂-h-ÿ-Iƒ27
Bflm-hns‚ D¬∏-Øn ........................................................................ 33
{Xnhn[ ]cn-jvI-c-W-L-´-ßfpw Jp¿-B-\nI \n¿t±-i-ß-fpw36
Xncp-\-_n-bpsS Ah-Xm-cw ................................................................. 41
[m¿ΩnI KpW-ß-fpsS \ncq-]-Ww ................................................. 44
imco-cn-Im-h-ÿ....................................................................................... 49
]∂n-amwkw \njn-≤w .......................................................................... 54
[m¿Ωn-Im-h-ÿ....................................................................................... 56
Nmcn-{Xip-≤n ............................................................................................ 57
hniz-kvX-X ............................................................................................... 63
kuay-io-ew .............................................................................................. 68
kuio-eyw................................................................................................. 70
£a.............................................................................................................. 72
D]-Im-c-io-ew............................................................................................ 74
ss[cyw ...................................................................................................... 81
kXy-k-‘-X ............................................................................................ 83
kl-\w ....................................................................................................... 85
klm-\p-`q-Xn ............................................................................................ 87
ssZh-Øns‚ kØ............................................................................... 88
ssZhw kwkm-cn-°p-∂p....................................................................... 91
Ckvemw aX XØz-⁄m\w 7
ssZhm-kvXn-Xz-Øn-\p≈ sXfn-hp-Iƒ............................................ 96
ssZh-Øns‚ alm-flyw......................................................................100
B≤ym-fln-Im-h-ÿ ..............................................................................109
CkvemanI Zr„ym kz¿§-\-c-I-ßƒ .............................................125
ac-Wm-\-¥c Pohn-Xw..........................................................................133
H∂m-asØ XØzw ...............................................................................138
c≠m-asØ XØzw ...............................................................................149
aq∂m-asØ XØzw ..............................................................................152
sFlnI Pohn-tXm-t±-iyhpw X¬{]m-]vXn-°p≈ am¿§-hpw 155
PohnX e£yw .......................................................................................156
e£y-{]m-]vXn-°p≈ AjvS-am¿§w ................................................158
[¿Ω-\n-b-am-\p-k-cWw sIm≠p≈ êw ..................................165
]cn-]q¿Æ a\p-jys‚ KpW-ßƒ...................................................165
kXy-hm-N-I-Øns‚ cl-kyw ...........................................................168
ssZh-⁄m-\-kn-≤n-°p≈ am¿§-ßƒ ..........................................176
ssZh-t_m-[-\w......................................................................................184
alm-flm-°-fpsS IjvSm-\p-`-hw ........................................................192
\_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Pohn-X-Ønse c≠p L´w...........195
bYm¿∞ ]cn-Xym-Kw...........................................................................197
CkvemanI bp≤w................................................................................ 200
{]kvXm-h\
‘CkvemwaX XØz-⁄m\w’ F∂ t]cn¬ ae-bm-f-Øn¬
{]kn-≤-amb D¬°r„ {KŸ-Øns‚ Ggmw ]Xn-∏mWv s]mXp
P\-k-a£w Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Cu {KŸ-c-N-\-bpsS ]›m-
Ø-ehpw X’w-_-‘-amb a‰p hnh-c-Whpw CXn¬ tN¿Øn-cn-
°p∂ c≠mw ]Xn-∏ns‚ apJ-hp-c-bn¬ {]kvXm-hn-®n-´p-≈-Xm-
Wv. {KŸI¿Ømhv AlvaZnøm apkvenw Pam-A-Øns‚ P\-bn-
Xm-hmb lZvdØv an¿km Kpemw AlvaZp¬ JmZn-bm-\n(-A)
BsW∂ hkvXpX Xs∂ CXns‚ D¬°r-„X°p Pmay-am-
sW∂p ]d-™m¬ AXp AXn-i-tbm-‡n-bm-hp-I-bn-√.
hnip≤Jp¿-B-\nse Ccp-∂q-tdmfw Bb-ØpIƒ°v hnin-
„- X - c hpw BI¿j- I - h p- a mb coXn- b n- e p≈ bYm¿∞
hymJym\apƒs°m≠ ⁄m\-c-Xv\m-I-c-amWv Cu k¬{K-Ÿw.
Cu hkvXpX \ncq-]-I∑m¿ G‰p ]d-™n-´p-≈-Xp-am-Wv. aX
hn⁄m\ Pn⁄m-kp-°-sf√mw hmbn-®n-cn-t°-≠Xpw F√m
apkvenan-s‚bpw ssIbn¬ Ahiyw D≠m-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xp-amb
Aaqey{KŸ-am-Wn-sX-∂pw, CkvemanI XØz-⁄m-\-kw-{K-l-
amb Cu {KŸw apkvenwIƒs°-∂-t]mse, Ckvemsa-∂m¬
Iem]ktµ- i - a m- s W∂p hymJym- \ n- ° p∂ a‰p- ≈ h¿°pw
Hcpt]mse D]-I-cn-°p∂ ⁄m\-\n-t£-]-am-sW∂pw a‰pw
C¥y- b nse am{X- a - √ , temI- Ø ns‚ \m\m- ` m- K - Ø nsebpw
hnhn[ `mjm-]-{X-ßƒ A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw {]iw-kn®p ]d-
bp-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-s≠∂ hkvXpX Cu kµ¿`-Øn¬ A\p-
kva-c-Wo-b-am-Wv.
C¥y-bnse At\Iw `mj-I-fn-se-∂p-am-{X-a√ Ad-_n,
]m¿kn, No\n, _¿Ωn, aem-bn, ]ivtØm XpS-ßnb a‰p Gjy≥
`mj-I-fnepw ]e ]m›mXy `mj-I-fnepw Cu {KŸw CXn-\Iw
{]kn-≤o-Ir-X-am-bn-´p-≠v. Xs∂-bp-a-√, Ahbv°v At\Iw ]p\x-

kw-kvI-c-W-ßƒ D≠m-bn-°-gn-bp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. \m\m
cmPy-ß-fn¬\n∂pw Cu {KŸ-Øns‚ hnhn[ `mjm-]-Xn-∏p-
Iƒ°mbn Bh-iy-s∏-ń-´p≈ At]-£I - ƒ h¿≤-am-\a
- m-bn-s°m-
≠n-cn-°p-I-bpam-Wv. CXns‚ Cw•ojv ]Xn∏v JmZn-bm≥ tI{µ-
Øn¬\n∂pw Z£n-Wm-]-Y-Ønse skI-{¥m-_m-Zn¬\n∂pw,
Cw•-≠nepw Ata-cn-°-bnepw \n∂p-ambn e£-°-W-°n¬ {]Im-
i\w sNø-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. Chbv°v ]pdsa, 1966˛¬ d_vh (]m-°n-
ÿm≥) tI{µ- Ø nse Alv a Znøm t^msd- b v ≥ an- j ≥ Cu
k¿t∆m-]-Po-hy-amb {KŸ-Øns‚ ]pXn-sbmcp ]Xn∏v Htc-X-
hW Hcp e£w{]Xn {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-´p-ap-≠v. F∂n´pw CXns‚
{]Xn-Iƒ°v ]™w t\cn-ń-cn-°p-∂X - n-\m¬ ASp-Øp-Xs∂ JmZn-
bm-\n¬\n∂pw Hcp ]pXnb ]Xn∏pIqSn {]kn-≤o-Ir-X-am-bn-cn-
°p-∂p. CsX√mw ImWn-°p-∂Xv CXn\p hnhn[ P\-k-©-b-
ßƒ°n-Sb - n¬ D≠m-bn-cn-°p∂ kzoIm-cy-Xbpw aXn-∏p-am-Wt- √m.
temI-Øns‚ \m\m-`m-K-Øp-ap≈ P\-tIm-Sn-I-fpsS kz`mh
kwkvI-c-W-Øn\p klm-b-I-am-bn-Øo¿∂n-´p≈ Cu [¿Ω cl-
ky-tIm-i-Øns‚ hnh¿Ø\w tIc-fo-b-cmb P\-e-£-ß-fpsS
[m¿ΩnI ]p\x-\n¿Ωm-WØ - n\pw Bflob]ptcm-KX - n°pw klm-
b-I-am-bn-Øo-cs´ F∂ {]m¿∞-\-tbmsS ssIc-fn°v ImgvN-
sh-°p-Ibpw hn-Zq-ca- √mØ `m-hn-bn¬ CXn\p F√m Krl-Ønepw
{]thiw kn≤n- ° p- s a∂pw Hmtcm IpSpw- _ hpw CXnse
XØzmarXw \pI-cp-am-dm-Ip-sa∂pw {]Xym-in-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
F∂v,
JmZn-bm≥, an¿km hkow AlvaZv
7˛10-˛1972 {]Nm-cW Imcy-ta-e-≤y-£≥
kZv¿ A©p-a≥ AlvaZnøm, JmZn-bm≥,
(]©m-_v)
apJ-hpc
AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øns‚ P\-bn-Xmhv ˛ hmKvZØ alvZo- a-
ko-lmb lZvdØv AlvaZp¬ JmZn-bm-\n(-A) D¿-Zp-hn¬ Fgp-
Xn-bXpw At±-l-Øns‚ Hcp {]K¤ injy-\mb lZvdØv
auem\m A_vZp¬°cow kmln_v knbm¬t°m-ń(-d) 1896
Unkw-_¿ 26 apX¬ 29 hsc Xnb-Xn-I-fn¬ emtlm-dn¬t®¿∂
"[¿Ωatlm-’-h'-Øn¬ hmbn®ptIƒ∏n-®-Xp-amb D]-\ym-k-
amWv {]IrX {KŸ-Øns‚ aqew. CXnse {]Xn-]mZyw {]kvXpX
aX-k-tΩ-f\ {]h¿ØI kan-Xn-bm¬ \n¿±n-„amb {]iv\ ]©-
I-Øn-\p≈ DØ-c-am-Wv. B {]iv\-ß-fn-h-bmWv:
1. a\p-jys‚ imco-cn-Iw, [m¿Ωn-Iw, B≤ym-flnIw F∂o Ah-
ÿ-Iƒ.
2. ac-Wm-\-¥c Pohn-X-Øn¬ a\p-jys‚ Ah-ÿ.
3. sFlnI Pohn-tXm-t±-iyhpw X¬{]m-]vXn-°p≈ am¿§hpw,
4. [¿Ωm-\p-k-cWwaqew Cl-]-c-Po-hn-X-Øn-ep≈ êw.
5. ssZh-⁄m\ kn≤n-°p≈ am¿§-ßƒ.
Hcp Iq´w k`m-\m-Y∑m-cpsS B`n-ap-Jy-Ønepw \nb-{¥-W-
Ønepw \S-Ø-s∏´ {]kvXpX ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ hnhn[ aX-hn-
`m-K-ß-fpsS {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn £Wn-°-s∏-ń-cp∂ ]fin-X-t{K-
k-c∑m¿ Ah-c-h-cpsS [¿Ω-ßsf {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNbvXp-
sIm≠p AhnsS kwkm-cn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. A`y-kvX-hn-Zy-cmb
hen-sbmcp P\m-hen Cu k`m-\-S-]-Sn-I-fn¬ AXo-h-{i≤ ]Xn-
∏n-°p-Ibpw \m\m-Zn-°p-I-fn¬ \n∂p-ambn FØn-t®¿∂ hyXy-
kvX- aXm-\p-bm-bn-Iƒ Xm¥m-ß-fpsS aX-hn-`m-K-Øn\p hnPbw
kn≤n-°p-sa-∂p≈ {]Xym-i-tbmSpw {]Xo-£-tbmSpw h¿Øn-
°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. ktΩ-f-\m-cw-`-Øn\p A©p Znhkw
aptº lZvdØv AlvaZv(A) Xs‚ D]-\ymkw {]kvXpX atlm-

’-h-Øn¬ k¿t∆m¬°r-„hpw hnP-b-{io-em-fn-X-hp-ambn `hn-
°p-sa∂v Zo¿L-Z¿i\w sNbvXp-sIm≠p Hcp hn⁄m-]\w A®-
Sn®p {]kn≤w sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ t{imXm-°-fn¬ k¿∆Ym
`‡ym-th-i-]q¿∆-amb Hcp-’mlw ImW-s∏-ń-cp-∂p. lZvdØv
AlvaZns‚ Cu D]-\ymkw c≠mw Znh-ksØ tbmK-Øn-emWv
hmbn-°m-\m-cw-`n-®-Xv. XZ-h-k-c-Øn¬ t{imXm-°ƒ a{¥-hn-h-
i-sc∂t]mse ZØ-{i-≤-cm-bn-cn-°p-am-dp≈ Xc-Øn¬ {]kwKw
lrZ-bm-h¿÷-Ihpw hnt⁄-bhpw Nn¥m-ar-Xh - p-am-sW∂p shfn-
s∏-Sp-Ib - p-≠m-bn. AXnse Kl-\a - mb Znhy-XØz-⁄m\w Zo¿L-
Z¿i-\Ø - n¬ ]d-™t- ]mse A`ykvXhnZy-cmb kZ-kysc lTm-
Zm-I¿jn-°p-Ibpw {]`m-hn-X-cm-°n-Øo¿°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. \n›-
bn- ° - s ∏´ c≠pa- W n- ° q- d p- s Im≠v D]- \ ymkw hmbn®p
Xocm™Xn\m¬, Imcy-]-cn-]m-Sn-b-\p-k-cn®p ASpØ {]kw-K-
I-\m-bn-cp∂ auem\m A_q-bq-kp^v ap_m-dIv Aen kmln_v
Xs‚ {]kw-KØ - n-\p≈ kabw apgp-h\pw CXn-\mbn hn´p sImSp-
Øp. CXn\pw ]pd-sa, sshIp-t∂cw \me-c-a-Wn°v ]ncn-tb≠
tbmKw A©-c-aWnhsc \o´p-hm≥ {]h¿ØI kanXn Xocp-am-
\n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. C{Xbpw ka-b-ssZ¿LywsIm≠pw Cu
D]-\ymk hmb\ apgp-an-°m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ in„-`m-Khpw hmbn®p
apgp-an-∏n-°p-am-dm-Ip-∂-Xn\p ktΩ-f\w Hcp Znh-k-tØ°p IqSn
\o´-W-sa-∂p≈ kZ-ky-cpsS A`y¿∞-\-sb-°p-dn®v Btem-Nn-
°p-∂-Xn\v {]h¿ØI kanXn t{]cn-X-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. ]q¿∆-\n-
›b{]Imcw aq∂p Znh-ksØ ]cn-]m-Sn-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb ktΩ-
f\w \o´p-∂-Xn\p tbmK-ÿe-amb Ckvemanb tImtf-Pns‚
A[n-Ir-X-cn¬\n∂p A\p-aXn e`n--t°-≠n-bn-cp-∂p. XZ-h-k-c-
Øn¬ AhnsS lmP-cp-≠m-bn-cp∂ tImtf-P-[n-Ir-X¿ A\p-aXn
\evIn-b-X-\p-k-cn®v {]h¿ØIkanXn Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°p-Ibpw
ktΩ-f\w \memwZnh-khpw XpS-cp-∂-Xm-sW∂p k`m-\m-Y≥
apJm-¥cw {]Jym-]\w sNøp-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. \memw Znh-ksØ
tbmK-Øn-emWv Cu {]kwKw hmbn®p apgp-an-∏n-®-Xv. Cßs\
{]kwKw apgp-h\pw tIƒ°p-hm≥ kµ¿`w e`n-®-Xn¬ kZ-ky¿
BÀm-Z-`-cn-X-cm-hp-Ibpw k`m-lmƒ Ic-tLm-j-ß-fmepw Pbm-
c-h-ß-fmepw apJ-cn-X-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. al-Ømb Cu
hnP- b - Ø ns‚ kv a mc- I - a mbn ]cn- e - k n- ° p∂ B {]h- N - \ -

apƒs°m≠ hn⁄m-]-\-Øns‚ ]cn-`mj A\y{X tN¿Øn-cn-
°p-I-bm-Wv.
{]kvXp-tXm-]-\ym-k-sØ-°p-dn®v ]©m-_n-sebpw a‰pw
h¿Ø-am\]{X-ßƒ {]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Ønb A`n-{]m-b-ß-fn¬
\n∂p CXns‚ Aaqey {]m[m\yw kv]„-am-Ip-∂p-≠v. DZm-l-c-
W-am-bn, "H_vk¿h¿' F∂ Cw•ojv ]{Xw A`n-{]m-b-{]-I-S\w
sNbvX Iq´-Øn¬, Cu D]-\ymkw Cw•o-jn¬ hnh¿Ø\w
sNbvXv bqtdm-∏nepw Ata-cn-°-bnepw {]N-cn-∏n-°p-hm≥ ]‰nb
Hcp-Ø-a-Ir-Xn-bm-sW∂p apkvenwIsf DZvt_m-[n-∏n-°p-I-bp-≠m-
bn. {InkvXy-]-{X-am-bn-cp∂ knhn¬ B‚ v anen-‰dn Kk‰v (em-
tlm¿) as‰√m {]kw-K-ß-sfbpw AK-Wy-am°n Cu D]-\ym-
k-sØ-°p-dn®p am{Xw {]kvXm-hn-°p-Ibpw {]iw-kn-°p-Ib - p-amWv
sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv. {KŸ-cq-]-Øn¬ {]kn-≤-am-b-t∏mƒ CXn-s\-°p-
dn®p hnhn[ `mjm-]-{X-ßfpw amkn-I-Ifpw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn® A`n-
{]m-b-ß-fn¬\n∂p CXns‚ amlmflyw shfn-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. F√m-
‰n-ep-tasd kv]„-ambn Cu IrXn-bpsS amlmflyw a\-n-em-°m≥
km[n-°p-∂-Xv, "[¿Ω-a-tlm-’h' {]h¿ØIkanXn {]kn-≤o-
I-cn-®n-´p≈ kºq¿Æ dnt∏m¿ń¬\n∂m-Wv. Ckvemw, {InkvXp-
a-Xw, kn°p-]Ÿ - v, Bcy-ka
- m-Pw, {_“-ka - m-Pw, k\m-X\ [¿Ωw,
{_“-hn-Zy(-Xn-tbm-k-^n) \mkvXn-I-hm-Zw, kulm¿±-[¿Ωw (dn-
en-Py≥ Hm^v lm¿Ω-Wn) F∂n-ßs\ hnhn-[-ß-fmb aX-am¿§-
ß-fpsS {]Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ sNbvX {]kw-K-ßƒ B hnkvXo¿Æ
dnt∏m¿ń¬ t{ImUo-I-cn-°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. aX-Xm-c-Xay ]Tn-Xm-°ƒ
B dnt∏m¿´v BZy¥w hmbn®p t\m°p∂ ]£w, {]Ir-tXm-]-
\ymkw as‰√m {]kw-K-ß-fnepwh®p G‰hpw D¬°r-„-am-bXpw
\n¿±n-„{- ]-iv\ß- ƒ°v icn-bmb DØ-ca - m-bn-cn-°p-∂X
- p-am-sW∂p
t_m[y-am-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv. Ckvemans‚ {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn {]kw-
Kn® CXc apkvenw ]fin-X∑m-cpsS A`n-`m-j-W-ßƒ hmbn®p
t\m°p-∂-Xm-bm¬ Ah \n¿±n„ {]iv\-ßƒ°v icn-bmb DØ-
c-am-bn-ń-s√∂pw Ahbpw CXc aX-{]-Xn-\n-[n-I-fpsS {]kw-K-
ßsft∏mseXs∂ \n¿÷o-h-ß-fm-sW∂pw ImWm≥ {]bm-
k-an-√.
Cu D]-\ymkw H∂m-a-Xmbn Cw•o-jn-emWv X¿÷a sNø-

s∏-ń-cp-∂-Xv. BZy-ambn 1902-˛1903 se "dnhyp Hm^v dnen-Py≥kv'
amkn-I-bn¬ CXns‚ ]cn-`mj Jfii: {]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-
bp-≠m-bn. A°m-eØv AXv hmbn-®n-cp∂ djy-bnse hnJymX
XØz-⁄m-\n-bmb Iu≠v tSmƒÃmbn Bthiw sIm≈p-Ibpw
"AXnse Bi-b-ßƒ F{Xbpw Kl-\hpw kXy-\n-jvT-hp-amWv'
F∂v A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. kZv¿ A©p-a≥
AlvaZnøm(Jm-Zn-bm≥) F∂ tI{µ kwL-S-\-°p-th≠n e≠-
\nse "eyqk°v B‚ v Iº\n' (Luzac &Co) bmWv B Cw•ojv
]cn-`mj 1910 ¬ ]pkvX-I-ambn {]kn≤w sNbv-X-Xv. A\-¥cw
AXn\p C¥y-bnepw bqtdm-∏nepw Ata-cn-°-bnepw H´p hfsc
]Xn-∏p-I-fp-≠m-bn-°-gn-™n-´p-≠v. CXn\p ]pd-sa, {^©v, P¿Ω-
\n, kv ] m\n- j v , ]m¿kn, Ad- _ n, aem- b n, _¿Ωn, No\n,
]ivtØm, kzmln-en, tbmdp-_m, epK-m≠, KpP-dm-Øn, lnµn,
kn‘n, Xan-gv, knwl-f, _¶m-fn, Kp¿ap-Jn, adm-Tn, I¿Æm-S-Iw,
HUnb, sXep¶p apX-emb H´p-h-fsc `mj-I-fn¬ Cu {KŸw
CXn-\Iw X¿÷a sNø-s∏-ń-´p-s≠-∂Xpw {]tXyIw {]kvXm-
h-\o-b-am-Wv.
ae-bm-f-Øn¬ Cu {KŸw "CkvemwaX kn≤m-¥-ßƒ' F∂
t]cn¬ 1931 ¬ BWv BZyambn {]kn≤w sNbvX-Xv. CXv
sk°-{¥m-_m-Znse hµy P\m_v tk´v A_vZp√m Aem-lvZo≥
kmln-_ns‚ sNe-hn¬ Rm≥ X¿÷a sNøp-Ibpw ÿew
FtUz¿Uv {]n¬ ap{ZWw sNøn®v "A©p-a≥ XdJvJo
Ckv e mw' (sk- ° - { ¥m- _ m- Z v ) F∂ kwL- Ø ns‚ t]cn¬
{]kn≤s∏Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≈X - m-Wv. P\m_v tk´v kmln-
_ns‚ HuZmcyw \nanØw tIc-fo-bc - mb H´-[nIw apkvenwIƒ°v
"Ckv e mwaX XØz- ⁄ m\w' {Kln- ° p- h m\pw At\Iw
AapkvenwIƒ°v Ckveman-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ sX‰p-[m-c-W-Iƒ ]cn-
l-cn®v \√ A`n-{]m-bhpw _lp-am-\hpw P\n-∏n-°p-hm\pw kwK-
Xn-bm-bn-´p-s≠-∂Xv IrX-⁄-Xm-]q¿∆w kΩ-Xn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-
∂p. H∂mw]Xn-∏ns\°pdn®v ae-bmf Cw•ojv ]{X-ßƒ ]pd-
s∏-Sp-hn-®n-´p≈ A`n-{]m-b-ßfpw Aapkvenw am\y∑m¿ FgpXn
Ab®p X∂n-´p≈ {]iw-k-Ifpw Cu hkvXp-Xsb km£n-bm-
°p-∂-h-bm-Wv. F∂m¬, \n¿`m-Ky-h-im¬, aq∂p Zi-I-ß-tfmfw
]g-°-ap≈ B ]{X \ncq-]-W-ßfpw {]iw-km-en-Jn-X-ßfpw

Fs‚ ]°¬\n∂pw \„-s∏-´p-t]m-bn-cn-°-bm-sW∂p ktJZw
{]kvXm-hn-°p-hm≥ Rm≥ \n¿_-≤-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Hcp hymg-h-
´-°m-e-ambn {]kvXpX ae-bm-f-∏-Xn∏v Hcp {]Xn-t]mepw Fßpw
In´m-Ø-hn[w sNe-hm-bn-°-gn-™n-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. C°m-e-
a-s{Xbpw AXn\p [mcmfw Bh-iy-°m-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n´pw AXv
]p\x-{]-kn≤w sNøm≥ Ign-™n-cp-∂n-√. Ct∏mƒ Cu ]cn-jvI-
cn® ]Xn∏v shfn-bn¬ hcm-\n-S-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv tImgn-t°mSv
"an\m-cØv ]ªn-t°-j≥kv' F∂ {]kn-≤o-Ic - W
- m-ebw CXns‚
{]km-[\w ssItø-‰Xp sIm≠m-Wv.1 BZysØ X¿÷-asb
Baq-em{Kmw ]p\x-]-cn-tim-[\ sNbvXv ]te-SØpw Bibw
hy‡o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw kvJen-X-ßƒ Xncp-Øp-Ibpw ]cn-`m-jsb
Iptd-sbms° ]cn-jvI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-s≠∂v {]kvXm-
hn-°p-∂-Xn¬ F\n°v Nmcn-Xm¿∞y-ap-≠v. hiy-hm-°mb {KŸ-
Im-cs‚ D¿Zp-hn-ep≈ Bi-b-ßƒ ae-bm-f-Øn¬ {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-
∂- X n\p Rm≥ Iptd- t bsd ]cn- { i- a n- ° p- I - b p- ≠ m- b n- ´ p- ≠ v .
F¶nepw B alm-flm-hns‚ Bi-bß - ƒ°v h√ `mKØpw `wKw
h∂p t]mb-Xmbn kplr-Øp-°ƒ Is≠-Øp-∂-]£w AXv
F\n°v £an®p Xcp-hm\pw Nq≠n-°m-Wn®p Xcp-hm\pw Ah-
tcmSv At]-£n®p sIm≈p-∂p.
Cu X¿÷a D¿Zp-aq-e-Øn¬\n-∂m-sW-¶n-epw Ah-km\w
hsc Cw•ojv ]cn-`m-jsb ap∂n¬h®psIm≠mWv CXns\
]p\x]cn-tim-[\ sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cßs\ Cu X¿÷a
XnI®pw D¿Zp-aq-e-Øn-\-\p-k-cn-®m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ Cw•o-jp-
ambn Xmc-X-ay-s∏-SpØn t\m°p-tºmƒ CXn¬ Aßn-ßmbn
A¬]-kzev] hyXym-k-ßƒ It≠-°mw. D¿Zp-hn-ep≈ Nne
hnkvXo¿Æ {]Xn-]m-Z\- ß
- ƒ Cw•ojv A\p-hm-NI - ∑
- m-cpsS A`n-
cp-Nnsb ap≥\n-dpØn ]cn-`m-j-I≥ Cw•ojn¬ kwt£-]n-®n-´p-
≈-XmWv B hyXym-k-ßƒ°p Imc-Ww. Cu {KŸ-Øn¬ D≤r-
X-amb an°-hmdpw Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-ßƒ°v `mhm¿∞-am-Wv, A\p-
]Z X¿÷-a-b√ {KŸ-I¿Ømhv tN¿Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. At±lw
Xs‚ an°-hm-dp-sa√m {KŸ-ß-fnepw Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-ßƒ°v
1. c≠mw ]Xn-∏ns‚ apJ-hp-c-bm-Wn-Xv.
`mhm¿∞-amWv sImSp-Øn-´p-≈-sX-∂Xv {]Ir-X-Øn¬ A\p-kva-

c-Wo-b-am-Wv.
Cu {KŸw \ap°v hnip≤Jp¿-Bs‚ hymJym\ kw{Klw
\evIp-∂p-sh-∂p-ap-≈X - mWv CXns‚ Hcp sshin-„yw. \njv]£
_p≤n-tbmSpw \oXn-t_m-[-tØmSpw Cu {KŸw B]m-Z-NqVw
hmbn®p t\m°p∂ Bcpw hnip≤ Jp¿-Bs‚ ]mT-ßf - psS at\m-
lm-cn-Xsb t_m[n-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂p am{X-a-√, Abmƒ°v
Xs‚ D≈n¬ Hcm-flo-bm-thiw D≠m-bn-h-cp-∂-Xmbpw Xs‚
lrZ-bØ - n¬ \hy-amb Hcp kwkvImc {]Imiw DZn-°p-∂X - mbpw
A\p-`h- s- ∏-Sp-∂X
- p-am-bn-cn-°pw. CXn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°s - ∏-ń-cn-°p∂
XØz-ß-sf√mw Jp¿-B≥ {]am-W-ß-fm¬ kn≤n-®n-cn-°p-∂-h-
bm-b-Xn-\m¬ apkvenwIfmb \mw Cu D¬°r„ ]mT-ßsf
\nXy-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-°n-Øo¿t°-≠-Xm-Ip-∂p.
Aßs\ \mw Cu alnX XØz-ßsf kzbw D]-Po-hn-°p-Ibpw
Ah-bpsS km£m¬°m-c-tØmSp IqSnb PohnXw {]Z¿in--∏n®p-
sIm≠v Cu Ckvem-anI]mT-ßƒ a‰p-≈-h¿°v FØn®p sImSp-
°p-hm≥ ]cn-{i-an-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ ]£w AXv \ap°pXs∂
\∑ hcp- Ø p- h m- \ p≈ Hcp {ia- a m- b n- c n- ° p- ∂ - X n\p ]pdsa
Ckveman\p \mw sNøp∂ Hcp tkh-\-hpam-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.
]£-]mX _p≤n-I-fmb i{Xp-°-fpsS Bt£] \ncq-]-W-ß-
fmepw CkvemanI]mT-ßsf Ah-K-Wn®p kzm¿∞temep-]-
cmbn Pohn®pt]m∂ an{X-ß-fpsS s\dn-tI-Sn-\mepw sX‰p-[m-c-
W- I ƒ°v hi- K - c mbn Ckv e man- s \bpw X¬ÿm- ] - I - c mb
hnip≤\_n Xncp-ta-\nsbbpw A\m-Z-cn-°p-hm\pw ]gn-]-d-bm≥
Xs∂bpw t{]cnX-am-bn-Øo-cp∂ AapkvenwIƒ°v Ckvemans‚
kuµ-cy-[m-asØ Z¿in-°p-hm\pw XZzmcm AXns\ kvt\ln-
°p-hm\pw Bt«-jn-°p-hm≥t]mepw klm-b-I-amb {KŸ-am-Wn-
Xv. Cu hnizm-k-tØmSpw k¬{]-Xo-£-tbmSpw Rm≥ Cu
k¬{KŸw tIc-fob ka£w kmZcw ka¿∏n®p sIm≈p-∂p.
IÆq¿ F≥. lmanZv

1˛12-˛61 (]-cn-`m-j-I≥)
lZvdØv an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv (A)

{KŸ-I¿Øm-hn-s\-∏‰n
lZvdØv an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv(A) 1835 s^{_p-hcn 13-˛\v
(1250 i∆m¬ 14) ]©m-_nse JmZn-bm-\n¬ P\n-®p. sNdp-∏-
Ønte Jp¿-B≥ ]T-\-Ønepw aX-hn-Nn-¥-\-Ønepw B≤ym-
flnI PohnX X]-ky-bnepw \na-·-\m-bn. tZlm¥whsc kzPo-
hnXw A\p-kyqXw Jp¿Bs‚bpw Ckveman-s‚bpw lZvdØv
apl-ΩZv \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bp-sSbpw {]`m-hsØ {]Im-in-∏n-
°p-∂-Xn\pw ssZh-a-l-XzsØ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-ambn hn\n-
tbm-Kn-®p. Ckvemw hmkvXh hncp-≤-amb Bt£-]m-{I-a-W-
ßƒ°v e£o-`-hn-°p-Ibpw apkvenwI-fpsS euInI `mKy-sF-
iz-cym-Zn-Iƒ°v A]-Nbw kw`-hn-°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS aX-hn-
izmkw ktµ-l-hn-X¿°-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-ambn tIhew D]-cn-
πhw am{X- a mbn Ah- t i- j n- ° p- I bpw sNbv X L´- Ø n¬
At±lw Ckvemw[¿Ω-Øns‚ \ymb-k-a¿∞-\-Øn\pw XØz-
hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-Øn-\p-am-bn´v DZyp-‡-\m-bn. Ckvemw kPo-h-a-X-
am-sW∂pw AXn-t\m-Sp≈ ]n¥p-S¿®bpw A\p-k-c-Whpwaqew
a\p-jy\v ssZh-km-ao-]yhpw Ah-\p-am-bp≈ kw`m-jW ku`m-
Kyhpw Ic-ÿ-am-°m-\m-hp-sa∂pw ÿm]n®psIm≠v At±lw
\nc-h[n {KŸ-ßƒ cNn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. At±-l-Øns‚ Aaqey
kmln-Xy-ßƒ, am\-h-cm-in°v Znhy-⁄m-\-Øns‚ Aar-X-[m-c-
Iƒ A\p-kyq-X-ambn ]I¿∂p sImSp-°p∂ hn⁄m\ t{kmX-
p-I-fm-Wv. Jp¿-B≥ {]t_m-[n-°p∂ ]mT-ßfpw {]Jym-]n-
°p∂ \nb-a-{]-am-Whpw a\p-jys\ [m¿Ωn-I-ambpw Bflo-b-

ambpw Db¿Øn-s°m≠pt]mbn ]q¿Æ-X-bn-se-Øn-°p-∂-Xn\v
]cym-]vX-am-sW-∂v, XymK-[-\hpw al-Øz-]q¿Æhpw hnip-≤-
hp- a mb kz¥w Pohn- X - a m- X r- I - b n- e q- s Sbpw ssZhn- I - a mb
kXyZr„m-¥-ß-fneq-sSbpw At±lw sXfn-bn-®p. Ckvemans‚
\thm-∞m\ \mb-I-\mbpw hmKvZØ ako-lmbpw Xm≥ \ntbm-
Kn-X-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂p At±lw {]Jym-]n-°p-Ibpw 1889 ¬
ssZh- \ n¿t±i {]Imcw Alv a Znøm Pam- A Øv cq]o- I -
cn®psIm≠v kzin-jy-Xz-Øn-te°v Bfp-Isf £Wn®p XpS-ßp-
Ibpw sNbvXp. ("Jn-em-^Øv' F∂ A\p-Kr-loX t\Xr-Xz-Øn≥
Iogn¬ hyh-ÿm-]n-X-ambn apt∂-dp∂ Cu Pam-AØv temI-
Øns‚ \m\m-`m-K-ß-fnepw {]Nm-cW tI{µ-ßfpw ]≈n-Ifpw
hnZym-eb - ß
- f- pw BXp-cm-eb
- ß
- fpw km[p-kw-c£ - W {SÃp-Ifpw
Sn.-hn. Nm\-ep-Ifpw ÿm]n®v B≤ym-fln-Ihpw a\pjy tkh-\-
]-c-hp-amb {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ hym]r-Xam-bn-cn-°p-∂p.) At±lw
hnc-Nn® F¨]-Xn-tesd {KŸ-ß-fn¬ A[n-Ihpw D¿Zp `mj-
bn-em-Wv; NneXv Ad-_n-bn-epw, ]m¿kn-bnepw. 1908 sabv 26-
˛\v (1326 d_n-D¬ BJ¿ 24) At±lw Znhw-K-X-\m-bn.
kXy-[¿Ω-Pn-⁄m-kp-°ƒ°v
kphm¿Ø
emtlm¿ Su¨lm-fn¬2 Unkw-_¿ 26, 27,28 F∂o Xnb-
Xn-I-fn¬ tNcp∂ k¿∆-aX alm-k-tΩ-f-\-Øn¬3 hnip≤Jp¿-
Bs‚ amlm-fly-ß-sfbpw A¤p-X-i-‡n-I-sfbpw {]Xn-]m-Zn-
°p∂ Fs‚ Hcp D]-\ymkw hmbn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv. ssZh-
Øns‚ {]tXyI klm-b-tØmsS Fgp-X-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂Xpw a\p-
jy-i-‡n-°-Xo-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-amb Cu D]-\ymkw Hcp
ssZhnI Zr„m-¥a - m-Ip-∂p. hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ ssZh-t{]m-‡a - mb
Znhy-{K-Ÿa
- m-sW∂p kv]„ambn sXfn-bn-°p-∂X - n\p ]cym-]X
v a- mb
XØz-c-l-ky-ßfpw ]c-am¿∞-⁄m-\-ßfpw t{ImUo-I-cn®p
sIm≠p-≈X - m-WX
- .v AXn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°s
- ∏-ń-cn-°p∂ A©p tNmZy-
ß-fpsSbpw kam-[m\w {i≤n®ptIƒ°p∂ Bcp-sSbpw lrZ-
b-Øn¬ \h-amb `‡n-hn-izmkhpw Bflm-hn¬ kwkvIm-cm-
`bpw kwPm-X-am-Ip-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. Xs∂-bp-a√ Abmƒ°v
2. Su¨lm-fn¬ ÿew t]mcmsX h∂-Xn-\m¬ Ckvemanbm tImtfPv lmfn-
emWv ktΩ-f\w tN¿∂-Xv.
3. kzman iIp≥N-µ¿-˛k- ¿∆-[¿Ω-atlm-’h kwL-S\ - m-[n-Ir-X¿ Xs‚ hnfw-
_-cØ- n¬ apkvenwIfpw {InkvXym-\n-Ifpw Bcy-ka - m-Pn-Ifpw kza-Xa- m¿§-ß-
fpsS t{ijvT-X-Isf {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂ Xc-Øn-ep≈ {]kw-K-ßƒ {]m]vX-cmb
aX-]-fin-X-∑m-sc-s°m≠p Xøm¿ sNøn-t°-≠-Xm-sW∂p Ah-tcmSp ssZh-
\m-aØ- n¬ A`y¿∞n®p ImWp-Ib - p-≠m-bn. ssZh-\m-aØ
- n-ep≈ Cu A`y¿∞-
\sb am\n®psIm≠p At±-l-Øns‚ C„w \nh¿Øn-°m≥ Rm≥ k∂-≤-
\m-bn-cn-°p∂p F∂ hkvXpX CXm Adn-bn®psIm≈p-∂p. ssZth-—bm
{]kvXpX ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ Fs‚ Hcp D]-\ymkw hmbn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-bn-cn-
°pw. ssZh-\m-tam-—m-c-W-Øn¬ ]cn-]q¿Æ-amb A\p-k-cWw ImWn-t°-≠-
Xm-sW∂p ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ aX-amWv Ckvemw. F∂m¬, Bcy-a-X-°m¿ Ah-
cpsS ]c-ta-iz-c-s‚bpw {InkvXob ]mXn-cn-am¿ Ah-cpsS {InkvXptZh-s‚bpw
alØzw kwc-£n-°p-∂X - n-\v Xm¬]-cym-ep-°f - mtWm F∂pw, k¿t∆m-∂X - \pw
k¿t∆m-]cn al-Øzhm-\p-am-bh - s‚ \ma-Øn-ep≈ A`y¿∞-\sb Ah¿ am\n-
°p-∂-Xn\v k∂-≤-cmtWm F∂pw \ap°v t\m°mw.
ssZhhN\-Øns‚˛ Jp¿-B-s‚˛ Hcp hymJym\ kw{Klw Ic-

K-X-am-Ip∂Xp-am-bn-cn-°pw. Fs‚ Cu {]kvXmhw \nc¿∞tam
anYytbm A√. Rm\o hn⁄m-]\w FgpXn {]kn≤w sNøm≥
t{]cn-X-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv P\-ß-tfm-Sp≈ A\p-I-ºm-Xn-tc-I-
Øm¬ am{X-am-Ip-∂p. AXm-b-Xv, Ah¿ hnip≤ Jp¿-Bs‚
kuµcy aln-am-hn-em-k-ßƒ Z¿in-°p-am-dm-Ip-∂-Xn\pw hntcm-
[n-Iƒ A‘-Im-csØ {]nb-s∏-Sp-Ibpw {]Im-isØ shdp-°p-
Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-cm-sW∂p F√mhcpw Adn-bm-dm-Ip-∂-Xn\pw
Xs∂.
Fs‚ D]-\ymkw as‰√m D]-\ym-k-ß-sfbpw {]`m-j-W-
ß-sfbpw sh√p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂p k¿∆-⁄-\mb ssZhw
F\n-°d - nhp X∂n-cn-°p-∂p. CX-ca - X
- ÿ
- ¿ XZ-hk
- c
- Ø
- n¬ k∂n-
ln-Xc
- mbn {]kvXp-tXm-]\ - ymkw B]m-ZN - qUw {i≤bm tIƒ°p-
∂-]£w Ah¿ e÷n-Xc - m-Ip-am-dp≈ Xc-Øn¬ kXy-Øn-s‚bpw
bp‡n-{]Z¿i\-Øn-s‚bpw ⁄m\-Øn-s‚bpw {]`m-hmbv]v
AXn¬ A¥¿`-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. XØp-ey-amb t{ijvTX
{InkvXym-\n-Iƒt°m Bcy-k-am-Pn-Iƒt°m k\m-X\ [¿Ωn-
Iƒt°m at‰sX-¶nepw aX-°m¿t°m Xß-fpsS aX-{K-Ÿ-Øn-
\p-≈-Xmbn sXfn-bn-°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-I-bn-√. Fs¥-∂m¬,
At∂Znhkw ssZhw Xs‚ hnip≤ thZ-{K-Ÿ-amb Jp¿-Bs‚
amlmflyw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ \n›-bn-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.
CXns\ kw_-‘n®p F\n°v C{]-Im-c-samcp Bfl-Z¿i\w
D≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ""Fs‚ `h-\-Ønt∑¬ ]tcm-£-Øn¬\n∂pw
Hcp ssI h∂p ]Xn-°p-Ib - p-≠m-bn. B Ic-kv]¿i-tØmSpIqSn
B aµn-c-Øn¬\n∂p IÆ-©n-°p∂ {]Im-i-t[m-cWn Np‰pw
hym]n-®p. B {]Imiw Fs‚ Ic-ß-fnepw ]Xn-®p. At∏mƒ
Fs‚ ASp- ° ¬ \n∂n- c p∂ Hcmƒ
"A√mlp G‰hpw hen-b-h≥; Jbv_¿ \in®p t]mbn' F∂p
D®-Øn¬ hnfn®p ]d-™p. Cu Z¿i-\-Øns‚ Xm¬]cyw
CXmWv: `h\w F∂XpsIm≠p≈ hnh-£nXw Znhy-amb shfn-
]mSp Ah-X-cn-°p-Ibpw {]Im-i-am-th-in-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂
Fs‚ lrZ-b-am-Ip-∂p. {]Im-i-sa-∂m¬ Jp¿-B-\nI ⁄m\-a-
s{X. Ak- X yhpw [¿Ω- h n- c p- ≤ - h p- a mb kn≤m- ¥ - ß - f psS

Ie¿t∏m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xpw, a\p-jy\p ssZhXzw Btcm-]n-°p-Ibpw
ssZh-Øns‚ KpW-hn-ti-jß - sf ]q¿Æ-Xb - psS ÿm\Øp\n∂v
XmgvØp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xp-amb kIe Zpjn® aX-hn-`m-K-ß-sf-
bp-amWv ‘Jbv_¿’ i–w Ipdn-°p-∂-Xv. Cßs\ Fs‚ D]-
\ymkw [mcm-f-ambn {]N-cn®p Ign-bp-∂-tXmSpIqSn Ir{Xna aX-
am¿§-ß-fpsS AkXyw shfn-s∏-Sp-Ibpw hnip≤Jp¿-Bs‚
kXyw A\p-Zn\w {]N-cn®p `qap-J-sØ-t√-Shpw hym]n-°p-am-dm-
Ip-Ibpw sNøp-sa∂p F\n°p Adn-hm-bn-cn-°p-∂p. HSp-hn¬,
Cu Bflo-bm-Z¿i-\m-h-ÿ-bn¬\n∂p Rm≥ as‰mcp A\p-`q-
Xn-bn-te°v B\o-X-\m-hp-Ibpw ssZh-t_m[\wsIm≠p Rm≥
A\p-Kr-lo-X-\mbn `hn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. F\n-°p-≠mb B
ssZh- t _m- [ \w CXmWv :
"\n›-b-ambpw ssZhw \nt∂mSp IqSn-bm-Ip-∂p; \o \nev°p-
t∂-SØp ssZhw \nev°p-∂p.' CXp ssZhnI klm-b-sØ-°p-
dn-°p∂ Hcp Ae-¶m-tcm-‡n-bm-Wv.
Cu hkvXp-X-sb-°p-dn®p C\nbpw FgpXn Cu hn⁄m-
]\w Zo¿Ln-∏n-°p-hm≥ Rm≥ hnNm-cn-°p-∂n-√. AXn-\m¬, kI-
e-am\t]cpw Xß-fpsS _p≤n°pw [¿Ωhnizm-k-Øn\pw \ncq-
ly-amb Xc-Øn-ep≈ hnIm-khpw {]Im-ihpw kn≤n-°p-∂-Xn\p
]cym-]vX-amb XØz-⁄m-\-ßƒ {ihn-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bvs°m-≠v,
emtlm-dn¬ IqSp∂ {]kvXpX aX-kt- Ω-f\- Ø
- n¬ \n›nX Xnb-
Xn-I-fn¬ k∂n-ln-X-cm-I-W-sa∂p Rm≥ A`y¿∞n®p sIm≈p-
∂p. k∑m¿§sØ Ah-ew-_n-°p-∂-h-cn-es{X k¿∆ kam-[m-
\-hpw.
JmZn-bm≥ an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv

21-˛12-˛1896
CkvemwaX
XØz-⁄m\w
hnhn[ aX-{]-Xn-\n-[nIƒ \n¿±n„ {]iv\-ßƒ°-\p-k-cn®p
kzkz-[¿Ω-ßf - psS hnin-„X- I
- s
- f-°p-dn®p {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-Is- b∂
Dt±-iy-tØm-Sp-IqSn k∂n-ln-X-cm-bn-cn-°p∂ Cu "k¿∆-aX
almktΩ-f-\'-Øn¬, Rm≥ CkvemwaX-Øns‚ {]Xn-\n-[n-
sb∂ \ne°v AXns‚ amlm-fly-ßs - fbpw D¬°r-„X - I
- s
- fbpw
{]Im-in-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. hnj-b-Øn¬ {]th-in-°p-∂-Xn\p
aptº, Rm\n-Xn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂ kwK-Xn-I-sf√mw ssZhn-I-
{K-Ÿ-amb hnip≤Jp¿-B-\n¬\n∂pw kw{K-ln-°-s∏-´-h-bm-bn-
cn-°p-sa∂v {]kvXm-hn®psIm≈-s´. Hmtcm {]Xn-\n-[nbpw XØz-
{]-Xn-]m-Z-\-Øn-\m-h-iy-I-amb F√m \ymb-ßfpw Xm≥ ssZhn-
I-sa∂p hniz-kn-°p∂ ]hn{X{KŸ-Øn¬\n∂p am{Xw FSpØp
ImWn-t°≠Xpw AXn¬\n∂p hyXn-cn-‡-ambn ]pXn-sbmcp
{KŸw cNn-°p∂ ań¬ _mlym-Z¿i-ß-sfbpw _ln¿\ym-b-
ß-sfbpw Ah-ew-_n®p kz{]m-Xn-\n-≤ym-[n-Im-csØ AXn-ew-
Ln-°m-Xn-cn-t°-≠Xpw AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v hnip≤
Jp¿-Bs‚ aln-am-hn-ti-j-ßsf ÿm]n-°p-Ibpw AXns‚
t{ijvT-Xsb sXfn-bn®pIm´p-Ibpw sNøm-\p-t±-in-°p∂ Rm≥
AXnse {]I-S-amb XØz-ßsfbpw AXn¬\n∂p A\p-am-\n-
°m-hp∂ bp‡nIsfbpw Ah-ew-_n®p hnj-b-{]-Xn-]m-Z-\sØ
B hnip≤ {KŸ-Øns‚ ]cn-[n-Iƒ°p-≈n¬ \ndp-Øn-s°m-

≈mw. as‰√m {]Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw Cu \njvTt- bmsS {]h¿Øn-°p∂
]£w \njv]£ - _- p-≤n-Iƒ°v aX-ßsf Xmc-Xa - y-]T
- \w sNbvXv
Ah-bpsS Bt]-£nI al-ØzsØ \n¿Æ-bn-°p-hm≥ km[n-
°p-∂X - m-Wv. Cßs\ {KŸm-\p-km-cn-If - mb {]Xn-\n-[n-It- f-hcpw
Xm¥m-ß-fpsS aX-{K-Ÿ-ßsf am{Xw B[m-c-am-°p-Ibpw B
{KŸ-hN - \- ß
- sf am{Xw km£y-ßf - mbn ImWn-°p-Ibpw sNtø-
≠-Xm-b-Xp-sIm≠v Rm≥ \_n hN-\-ßƒt]mepw ChnsS {]am-
W-ß-fmbn D≤-cn-®n-ń-√. bYm¿∞ \_n hN-\-ß-fm-Is´
hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\n¬ \n∂v kw{K-ln-°-s∏-´-h-b-s{X. AXn-\m¬,
]cn-]q¿Æhpw thZ-k-am-]vXn-I-hp-amb B hnip≤ {KŸ-Øn¬
\n∂-√msX shfn-bn¬ \n∂p Hcp {]am-Whpw Rm\n-Xn¬ kzoI-
cn- ® n- ´ n- √ . Npcp- ° - Ø n¬ Ct∂ Znhkw hnip≤Jp¿- B s‚
amlmflyw {]Im-in-X-am-Ip∂ ip`-Zn-\-am-Wv. Cu IrXy-\n¿∆-
l-W-Øn\p ssZhw Fs∂ XpW-°p-am-dm-I-s´. Bao≥.
Bcw- ` - Ø n¬ {]kv X m- h n- ° - s ∏- S p∂ Nne kwK- X n- I ƒ
{]Xn]mZy hnj-b-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sm-Ø-h-bm-sW∂p {]Y-a-Zr-
„-Øn¬ Nne¿°p tXm∂n-tb-°mw. F∂m¬, hnjbw ]q¿Æ-
ambn {Kln-°p-am-dm-Ip-∂-Xn\p AXym¥mt]-£n-X-am-sW∂p
ImWp-∂-Xn-\m¬ B kwK-Xn-Iƒ ChnsS tN¿°p-hm≥ Rm≥
t{]cn-X-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
imco-cn-Iw, [m¿Ωn-Iw, B≤ym-flnIw

F∂o aq∂-h-ÿ-Iƒ
H∂m-asØ {]iv\w a\p-jys‚ imco-cn-Iw, [m¿Ωn-Iw,
B≤ym-flnIw F∂o Ah-ÿ-Isf kw_-‘n-®p-≈-Xm-Ip-∂p.
hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ Cu aq∂-h-ÿ-Iƒ°pw sht∆sd D¬]Øn
ÿm\-ßƒ \n›bn-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. as‰mcp {]Im-c-Øn¬ ]d-
bp-∂-Xm-bm¬, Cu aq∂-h-ÿ-Iƒ ]pd-s∏´phcp∂ aq∂p Dd-hn-
S-w AXp ImWn®p Xcp-∂p. Ch-bn¬ H∂m-a-tØ-Xmb imco-cn-
Im-h-ÿ-bpsS \n¿§-a-ÿm-\-Øn\v "\^vkv AΩmd' AYhm
tZmj-{]-h-W-amb Bflmhv F∂mWv Jp¿-B≥ \ma-I-cWw
sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂X - v. AXv ]d-bp-Ib
- m-Wv:
"\^vkv AΩmd' F∂m¬ a\p-jys\ Ahs‚ ]cn-]q¿Æ-X-
bv°pw, [m¿Ωn-tIm¬°¿j-Øn\pw lm\n-Ic - a
- mb Xn∑-bn-te°v
t{]cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Aln-Xhpw tZmj-I-ep-jn-X-hp-amb am¿§-ß-
fn¬ Ahs\ Nen-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ kz`m-h-ap≈ Bflm-hm-
Ip-∂p''(12-:54). Npcp-°Ø- n¬ Aan-XX - z-Øn-te°pw Xn∑-bn-te°pw
t{]cn-∏n-°p∂ Cu kz`mhw a\pjy km[m-c-W-am-Wv. [m¿Ωn-
Im-hÿ cq]-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\p-aptº a\p-jy-\n¬ anI®p ImWm-hp-
∂- X mWv Cu sshIm-cn-Im-h-ÿ. hnthI _p≤n-bp-sSbpw
⁄m\-Øn-s‚bpw {]Im-i-Øn¬ \S-°msX tIhew P¥p-°-
sf-t∏mse Ai-\-]m-\-ßƒ, \n{Zm-Pm-K-c-ßƒ, tIm]-Xm-]ßƒ
XpS-ßnb Imcy-ß-fn¬ hnIm-cm-[o-\-\mbn h¿Øn-°p-∂n-S-
tØmfw Ah-\n¬ Cu imco-cn-Im-hÿ {]I-S-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-
Wv.
F∂m¬, a\p-jy≥ hnth-N-\-_p-≤n-bp-sSbpw ⁄m\-Øn-

s‚bpw D]Z¿i-\-a-\p-k-cn®v Xs‚ C—-Isf \nb-{¥n-°p-Ibpw
anX-h¿ØnXzw ioen-°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ Ahs‚ hnj-b-
hym-]m-c-ßƒ imco-cn-Im-hÿ hn´v [m¿Ωn-Im-h-ÿ-bn¬ {]th-
in-°p-am-dm-Ip-∂p. AXm-b-Xv, arK-km-am\y {]Ir-Xn-bn¬\n∂v
]cn-W-an®p [m¿Ωn-Im-h-ÿ-bn-te°p \oX-\mbn `hn-°p-∂p.
c≠m-asØ L´-amb Cu [m¿Ωn-Im-h-ÿ-bpsS Dd-hn-S-Øn\v
‘\^vkv e∆ma’ AYhm, kzbw imk-Im-flmhv F∂mWv t]cv.
hnip≤Jp¿- B ≥ ]d- b p- I - b m- W v :
"sNbvXp-t]mb Ip‰sØbpw ZpjvIr-Xn-sbbpw Ipdn®v kzbw
imkn-°p∂ Bflm-hns\s°m≠v Rm≥ kXyw sNøp-∂p.'(75:3)
Cu "\^vkv e∆m-a'-bmWv [m¿ΩnIKpW-ß-fpsS D¤hÿm\-
amb ZznXo-b-L-´w. Cu Ahÿ {]m]n-°p∂ a\p-jy≥ arK-{]-
Ir-Xn-bn¬\n∂p ap‡-\m-Ip-∂p. ChnsS kzbw imkn-°p∂
Bflm-hn-s\-s°m≠p kXyw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂X - v, AXns\ _lp-
am-\n-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn-´m-Wv. A\p-k-c-W-an-√mØ kz`mhÿnXn-
bn¬ \n∂p A]-cm-[-t_m-[-Øm¬ kzbw imkn-°p∂ Ah-
ÿ- b n- t e- ° p≈ ]cn- W maw bYm¿∞- Ø n¬ Bflm- h ns‚
kwkvIm-cm-`n-hr-≤nsb Ipdn-°p-∂-Xm-b-Xn-\m¬ AXp ssZh-
Øns‚ ]°¬ _lp-aX - n°v ]m{X-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. ‘e∆ma’ F∂
hm°ns‚ i–m¿∞wXs∂ ‘kzbw imkn-°p-∂Xv’ F∂m-Wv.
"\^vkv e∆ma'˛ kzbw imk-Im-flm-hv˛F∂p Cu Ah-ÿbv°v
t]cp \evI-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xv, AXp sNbvXp-t]mb Ip‰-sØ-°p-
dn®p kzbw tJZn-°p-Ibpw A\n-b-{¥n-X-amb hnIm-c-ß-sfbpw
arKo-tb-—-Isfbpw ITn-\-ambn shdp-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xn-\m-e-
s{X. D¬°r„ KpW-ßfpw k¬kz-`m-h-ßfpw a\p-jy-\n¬
D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\pw, Hcp AIr-Xyhpw Ah-\n¬ \n∂p-≠m-
Im-Xn-cn-°p-amdv PohnXw ka-{K-ambn kzm[o-\n-°p-∂-Xn\pw ico-
tc-—-Ifpw hnj-bm-k-‡n-Ifpw hnthI_p≤n-bm¬ \nb-{¥n-°p-
∂-Xn\pw AXp B{K-ln-°p-∂p. C{]-Imcw "\^vkv e∆ma' C—m-
[o-\-Xsb shdp-°p-Ibpw Ip‰-ß-sfbpw Ipd-hp-I-sfbpw Ipdn®v
kzbw imkn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-sh-¶nepw AXp C—-Isf
]q¿Æ-ambpw \nb-{¥n-°p-∂-Xnt\m k¬IrXyw am{Xw sNøm≥
t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xnt\m ]cym-]vX-am-Ip-∂n-√. Nne-t∏mƒ ico-tc-

—-Iƒ anI®p \nev°p-∂X - n-\m¬ ASn-]n-g®p AXp Ip‰w sNbvXp
t]mIp-∂p. Bflm-hns‚ Cu Nm]eyw AYhm Zu¿_eyw inip-
{]m-b-Ønse Ai-‡n-tbmSv kZri-am-Wv. inip adn™p hogm-
\m-{K-ln-°p-∂n-s√-¶nepw AXns‚ _e-lo-\X \nanØw Imen-
Sdn hogp-Ibpw kz¥w Ai-‡n-sb-°p-dn®p a\-kvXm-]s - ∏-Sp-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p. CtX-{]-Im-cw, Cu Ah-ÿb - n-ep≈ Bflmhv AXn\p
]‰p∂ am¿§- { `w- i - Ø n¬ ]‰n\nev°msX Hmtcm
hogvN°ptijhpw ]›m-Ø-]n®psIm≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. AXv
Cu L´-Øn¬ D¬°r-„Kp-Wß - ƒ kºm-Zn-°p-Ibpw BZysØ
{]mIr-Xm-h-ÿ-bn-ep≈ B⁄m--e w-L\ kz-`m-hsØ shdp-°p-
Ibpw sNøp-∂p. F¶n-epw, ]q¿Æ-amb \nb-{¥Ww km[n-®n-ń-
√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ AXv Nne-t∏mƒ kzI¿Ø-hy-am¿§-Øn¬ \n∂p
hyXn-N-en-®p-t]m-Ip-∂p.
a\p-jys‚ aq∂m-asØ Ahÿ AYhm Ah-km-\sØ
]cn-Wm-aL
- ´w B≤ym-flnIKpW-ßf
- psS D¤-hÿ
- m-\a
- m-sW∂p
]d-bmw. Cu Ahÿ {]m]n-°p∂ Bflm-hn\v hnip≤Jp¿-
B≥ \evIn-bn-cn°p∂ t]cv ‘\^vkv apXzvaC∂’ AXm-bXv
im¥n {]m]n® Bflmhv F∂mWv. B ]hn{X{KŸw ]d-bp∂p:
""ssZhm-in-p-sIm≠v im¥n-{]m-]n® Bflm-th, \ns‚ c£n-

Xm-hn-te°v \o Ah-\n¬ kwXr-]vX-\mbpw Ah≥ \n∂n¬
kwXr-]vX-\m-bp-ap≈ \ne-bn¬ aS-ßn-s®-√pI; Fs‚ `‡-Zm-
k-cpsS Iq´-Øn¬ tNcp-Ibpw Fs‚ Bcm-a-am-Ip∂ kz¿§-
Øn¬ {]th-in-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I' (89:28˛31). Cu ]ptcm-K-a\
L´-Øn¬ Bflmhv kI-e-hn[ Nm]-ey-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw ap‡-
ambn Bflob i‡n-bm¬ `cn-X-ambnØocp-∂p. At∏mƒ
AXn\v ssZh-hp-ambn Ahn-`m-Py-amb Hcp _‘w D≠m-bn-Øo-
cp-Ibpw Ah-s\-°q-SmsX Pohn-°p-hm≥ AXn\p Akm-≤y-am-
hp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ae-ap-If
- n¬ \n∂p Iogvt∏m-´p≈ Pe-{]-hmlw
AXy-[n-I-ambpw Ahn-Lv\-ambpw IpØn-sbm-en®p hcp∂

t]mse Bflmhv Cu L´-Øn¬ {]Xn-_-‘-ßsf Ah-K-Wn®p
{k„m-hns‚ k∂n-[n-bn-te°v {]h-ln-°p-am-dm-Ip-∂p. CXn-s\-
bm-Wv, apI-fn¬ ]d™ “ssZhnI kam-[m\w sIm≠p im¥n
{]m]n® Bflmth! \ns‚ c£n-Xm-hn-te°v aS-ßn-s®-√pI”
F∂ ssZh-hmIyw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Cßs\ ac-Wm-\-¥-c-Po-
hn-X-Øn-e-√, sFlnIØn¬h®pXs∂ Bflm-hn\p al-Ø-c-
amb ]cn-h¿Ø\w D≠mbn hcn-Ibpw Cu Pohn-X-Øn¬Øs∂
kz¿§m- \ p- ` qXn kn≤n- ° p- I bpw sNøp- ∂ p. Cu L´- Ø n¬
Bflmhv kzc-£m-[n\mYs‚ ASp-°-te°p aS-ßn-s®-√p-hm≥
B⁄m-]n-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ct∏mƒ AXns‚ ]cn-]m-
e-\hpw ]cn-c-£-Whpw ssZh-Øns‚ ASp-°¬ Bbn-cn-°p-∂-
Xm-sW∂p kqNn-X-am-Ip-∂p-≠v. X≥aqew Cu D¬°rjvS ]cn-
Wm-aL- ´- Ø
- n¬ ssZh-t{]aw Bflm-hns‚ `£y-am-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw
AXp Poh-Zm-bo-t{km-X-n¬ \n∂v Pe-]m\w sNøp-Ibpw
Aßs\ arXyp-hn¬ \n∂p \n¿ap-‡-am-hp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. CXp
hnj-b-I-ambn as‰m-cn-SØv hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-I-bmWv:
""GsXm-cp-h≥ Xs‚ Bflm-
hns\ hnj-tb-—-I-fn¬\n∂v ip≤o-I-cn-®pthm Ah≥ hnP-bn-
®p. Ah≥ \in-°p-I-bn-√. GsXm-cp-h≥ AXns\ A\n-b-{¥n-
X-amb C{µn-tb-—I
- f
- n¬ \na-·a
- m-°ntbm Ah≥ ]cm-Pba-S™p;
Ah≥ Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn®p \ncm-i-\m-bn''(91:10,11).
Npcp-°-Øn¬, Cu aq∂p ]cn-Wm-a-L-´-ßsf imco-cn-Iw,
[m¿Ωn-Iw, B≤ym-flnIw F∂o t]cp-I-fn¬ hyh-l-cn-°mw.
tZtl-—-Iƒ \nd-th-‰p-∂-Xn¬ Bk-‡n-bp≈ BZy-L-´-amb
imco-cn-Im-hÿ
- , sshIm-cnI t{]c-WI
- ƒ aq¿—n-°p-tºmƒ Gsd
A\¿∞- I - c hpw Bflm- h ns‚ DZv K - X nsb XS- b p- ∂ - X n\pw
[m¿Ωn-Ihpw B≤ym-fln-I-hp-ambn Aev]-kzev]-am-bp≈ kZvKp-
W-ß-sf-t∏mepw l\n-°p-∂-Xn\pw ]cym-]vX-hp-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-
Wv. AXn-\m-es{X Cu Ah-ÿ°v ‘\^vkv AΩmd’ tZmj-{]-
h-W-amb Bflmhv F∂p hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ t]cp \evIn-bn-cn-
°p-∂-Xv.
C\n Cu imco-cn-Im-h-ÿ-bpsSta¬ Jp¿-Bs‚ kzm[o-\-

i‡n F{X-tØm-f-am-sW∂pw X’w-_-‘-ambn B ]hn-{X-
{KŸw \evIp∂ D]-tZ-i-\n¿t±-i-ßƒ Fs¥m-°-bm-sW∂pw
\n¿§-t_m- [- ßƒ°pw sshIm-cnI {]h-W-X-Iƒ°pw AXp
\n›-bn-°p∂ {]mtbm-KnI ]cn[n F{X-I-≠m-sW∂pw \ap°v
]cym-tem-Nn-°mw. a\p-jys‚ Cu imco-cn-Im-h-ÿ-bv°v, [m¿Ωn-
Ihpw B≤ym-fln-Ih - p-amb Ah-ÿI - f
- p-ambn kpZr-Va- mb _‘-
ap-s≠-∂mWv hnip≤Jp¿-B\ - n¬\n∂p a\-n-em-Ip-∂X - v. Blm-
c- ] m- \ o- b - ß - f psS Imcy- Ø n¬ ssIs°m- ≈ p∂ k{º- Z m- b -
ßƒt]mepw [m¿Ωn-Ihpw B≤ym-flnIhpamb KpW-ßsf cq]-
h¬°- c n- ° p- ∂ - X n¬ `mK- ` m- ° mIp- ∂ p- ≠ v. AXn- \ m¬,
kz`mhkn≤-amb hnIm-cß - s
- fbpw i‡n-Is - fbpw [¿Ω-im-kv{X-
Øn-s‚(-i-co-A-Øv) \nba\n¿t±-i-ßƒ°-\p-kr-X-ambn D]-tbm-
K- s ∏- S p- Ø p∂ ]£w Ah [m¿ΩnIKpWß- f mbn ]cn-
Wan°pIbpw Bflo-bm-h-ÿ-bn¬ {]`mhw sNep-Øp-Ibpw
sNøp- ∂ - X m- W v . AXp- s Im≠pXs∂- b mWv D]m- k - \ m- I ¿Ω-
ßƒ°pw Bfl- k w- k v I m- c - Ø n\pw GIm- { K- N n- Ø - X bv ° pw
_mly-amb ipNn-Xzhpw AwK-hn-\ym-k{- I-ahpw hnip≤Jp¿-B≥
\njvIr-„ambn hn[n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. _mtly-{µn-b-ß-fpsS hnhn-
[- ß - f mb hym]m- c - ß ƒ B`y- ¥ - c - t _m- [ - ß ƒ°p- ≠ m- ° n-
Øo¿°p∂ ê-ß-sf-°p-dn®p Nn¥n-°p-∂-Xm-bm¬, imco-cn-I-
hn-[m-\hpw AwK-hn-\ym-khpw Bflm-hns\ {]`m-hn-X-am-°n-
Øo¿°p-∂p-sh∂p t_m[y-am-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv. AXm-bXv \ΩpsS
_mly-tN-„Iƒ ico-c-kw-_-‘n-bm-sW-¶nepw Ah Bflo-b-
ÿn-Xnsb icn°pw kzm[o-\n-°p-∂p-sh∂p ImWmw. DZm-l-c-
W-am-bn, \mw Ic-bm≥ XpS-ßp-tºmƒ AXp Ir{Xn-a-am-bn-´m-
bmepw B _mjv]-[m-c-bn¬\n∂v \n¿§-an-°p∂ Pzme-X-cwKw
io{Lw lrZ-b-Øn¬ sN∂-e-°p-Ibpw lrZbw t\{X-ßsf
A\p-I-cn®p timI-]q¿Æ-ambn `hn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Ir{Xn-
a-amb \ne-bn¬ Nncn-°p-∂-Xm-bmepw icn AXp-aqew lrZbw
BÀm-Z-`-cn-X-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. CtX{]Im-cw, \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬
sNø-s∏-Sp∂ imco-cn-I-amb hW°w Bflm-hnepw `‡nhn\-
bmZn\{a-`m-h-ßƒ D≠m-°n-Øo¿°p-∂-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬, s\©p-
¥nbpw Igp-Øp-ho¿∏n®pw \S-°p-∂-Xm-bm¬ AXp Alw-`m-
hhpw Zpc-`n-am-\hpw P\n-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. Cu Zr„m-¥-ß-

fm¬ _mly-amb AwK-hn-\ymkw BflobÿnXnsb XZ-\p-
cq]w kzm[o-\am°p-∂p-sh∂p kv]„-am-Ip-∂p-≠v.
CtX-{]-ImcwXs∂, `£-W-{I-ahpw lrZ-bsØbpw am\-
knI i‡n-I-sfbpw {]`m-hn-X-am-°n-Øo¿°p-∂p-sh-∂Xv A\p-
`-h-hn-Zn-X-am-Wv. DZm-l-c-W-ambn, amwkm-lmcw ]s‰ h¿÷n-
°p∂ X\n kky- ` p- ° p- I - f psS ss[cy- i ‡n {ItaW
Ipd™psIm≠p-t]m-hp-Ibpw Ah¿°v lrZ-bZ- u¿_eyw _m[n-
°p-Ibpw HSp-hn¬ ssZh-Z-Ø-amb Hcp «mLy-KpWw \jvS-am-
bn-t∏m-hp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. CXn-te°v {]Ir-Xn-bn¬ [mcmfw
ZrjvSm-¥-ßƒ ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. amwk-t`m-Pn-bmb arK-Øn-
\p-≈{X iucyw kky-{Km-k-ar-K-ß-fn-sem-∂n-\p-ap-≈-Xmbn
ImWp-∂n-√. ]£n h¿§sØ kw_-‘n®pw CXp-X-s∂-bmWv
\mw ImWp-∂-Xv. X≥\n-anØw `£-W-{I-a-Øn\v kz`m-h-cq-]-
h¬°-c-W-Øn¬ ]¶p-s≠-∂Xp \n¿hn-hm-Z-am-Ip-∂p. amwkm-
lmcw ]cn-h¿÷n-°p-∂Xp A_-≤a - m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xpt]mseXs∂
AXn¬ Aan-XXzw ssIs°m-≈p-∂Xpw kz`mh kwkvI-c-W-
Øn\v lm\n-I-c-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. kkym-lmcw hf-sc-°p-d®v,
amwkm-lmcw A[n-I-am-°p-∂-Xm-bm¬ kl-\w, im¥X F∂o
KpW-ßƒ Xptemw Ipd™p t]mIpw. F∂m¬, `£y-Im-cy-
Øn¬ Hcp a≤y-\ne ssIs°m-≈p-∂-h¿°v ss[cy-sa-∂-t]m-
se-Xs∂ kl-\w,-im-¥X F∂o KpW-ßfpw D≠m-Ipw. Cu
XØzsØ ]cn-K-Wn®v hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ D]-tZ-in-°pIbm-Wv:
""(amw-khpw a‰p km[-\-ß-fpw) `£n®p
sIm≈p-hn≥; (kz-`mh kwkvI-c-W-Øn\pw BtcmKyØn\pw
lm\n- I - c - a m- I m- X n- c n- ° p- ∂ - X n\p H∂n- e pw) Aan- X - X z- \ ne
ssIs°m-≈-cp-Xv''(7:32). imco-cn-I-amb tN„Ifpw I¿Ω-ßfpw
Bflm-hnt∑¬ kzm[o\w sNep-Øp-∂X - p-t]mseØs∂, Bflm-
hns‚ ssNX\y hntijw ico- c - t Øbpw {]`m- h n- X - a m- ° n-
Øo¿°p-∂p-≠v. timI-`-cn-X-\m-Ip∂ hy‡n-bpsS IÆp-Iƒ
A{ip-]q¿Æ-am-Ip-∂t-- ]m-se, kt¥m-j-ap-≠m-Ip-tºmƒ Ah≥
aµ-kvan-X-\m-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. AtX-{]-ImcwXs∂ Xn∂pI, IpSn-
°p-I, Dd-ßp-I. DW-cp-I, {ian-°p-I, hn{i-an-°pI XpS-ßnb
imco-cn-I-amb F√m {Inb-Ifpw Ahiyw \ΩpsS Bflo-bm-h-

ÿbv°p hnhn-[-ß-fmb ]cn-Wm-a-ßƒ hcp-Øn-Øo¿°p-∂p-
≠v. \ΩpsS ico-c-L-S\Xs∂ a\p-jy-Xz-hp-ambn hfsc _‘-
ap-≈-X-c-Øn-em-Wv. Xe-t®m-dns‚ Hcp hiØp ASn-tbev°p-∂-
Xm-bm¬ [mcWmi‡n \„-am-hp-Ibpw as‰mcp hiØv {]l-c-
ta-‰m¬ t_m[-£b - a
- p-≠m-hp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. tπKptcmK-Øns‚
hnjm-Wp-°ƒ Ie¿∂hmbp BZy-ambn ico-c-sØbpw ]ns∂
a\-n-s\bpw _m[n-°p-Ibpw £tW\ AXp [m¿ΩnIt_m[-
ß-fpsS Dd-hn-S-amb B¥-cnI hyh-ÿsb Xmdp-am-dm-°p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p. HSp-hn¬ Cu tcmK-]o-Un-X≥ {`m¥-s\-t∏m-se-bm-
bn´v Aev]-t\-cw-sIm≠p ac-W-a-S-bp-∂p. Npcp-°-Øn¬, imco-
cnI ]oU-Iƒ hnhn[ Xc-Øn-ep≈ B`y-¥c ]cn-Wm-a-ßƒ°p
Imc-W-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. CsX√mwsIm≠v sXfn-bp-∂-Xv, tZl-tZ-
ln-Iƒ°p XΩn¬ Ah¿Æy-amb Hcp ZrV-_‘ - a
- p-s≠-∂m-Wv.
Bflm-hns‚ D¬∏Øn
Bflmhpw ico-chpw XΩn-ep≈ {]kvXpX _‘sØ sXfn-
bn-°p-∂Xn\v _e-hØ - mb as‰mcp sXfn-hv, icocw Bflm-hns‚
P\-bn-{Xn-bm-sW∂ kn≤m-¥-am-Wv. Bflmhv F∂m¬ A¥-
co-£-Øn¬ \nt∂m at‰m h∂v K¿`n-Wn-bpsS DZ-c-Øn¬ {]th-
in-°p∂ Hcp hkvXp A√. AXp _oP-Øn¬Øs∂ \nKq-V-
am-bn-cn-°p-∂Xpw K¿`m-i-b-Øn¬ amwk-]nfiØns‚ hf¿®-
tbm-sSm∏w sXfn-™p-h-cp-∂-Xp-amb Hcp tXP-m-Ip-∂p. hnip-
≤-Jp¿-B≥ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xv, Bflmhv F∂m¬ amXr-K¿`-Øn¬
h®v _oP-Øn¬\n∂pw Xøm-dmbn amwk-]n-fi-Øn¬ {]Im-
in®p hcp∂ Hcp kØ-bm-sW-∂m-Ip-∂p. Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p:
""]ns∂ K¿`m- i - b -
Øn¬ cq]-s∏-´p-h∂ ]nfisØ \mw as‰mcp amXr-I-bn¬ cq]o-
I-cn®p Bflm-sh∂ Hcp krjvSnsb shfn-s∏-Sp-am-dm-°p∂p;
AXp-ey-\mbn krjvSn-I¿Øm-hm-bn-cn-°p∂ A√mlp hmgvØ-
s∏-´-h-\-s{X''(23:15).
{]kvXpX Bb-Øn¬ ico-c-Øn¬\n∂pXs∂ as‰mcp
kr„nsb shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-sh∂p {]kvXm-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬,
Bflm-hns‚ bYm¿∞ {]IrXn ImWn®pXcp-∂Xpw tZl-tZ-
ln-Iƒ°p XΩn-ep≈ KmV-amb _‘sØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-

amb Hcp XØzw AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. a\p-jys‚ Imbn-Ihpw
hmNn-I-hp-am-bp≈ Hmtcm I¿Ωhpw ssZh-Øn\pth≠n Ahs‚
]cn-ip≤ \nb-aa - \p-kc
- n-®m-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ AXv {]kvXpX XØz-
Øn-∂-[o-\-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-sW-∂s{X CXp a\-n-em-°n-Ø-cp-
∂-Xv. AXm-bXv, hnNm-c-ip-≤n-tbm-Sp-IqSnb Bflm¿∞ I¿Ω-
ß-fn-se√mw a\p-jys‚ _oP-Øn-se-∂-t]mse Hcp Bfl-tX-
Pv ad™p InS-°p-∂p-≠m-bn-cn-°pw. I¿Ω-^-e-am-Ip∂ icocw
hf¿∂p hcp-∂-tXm-sSm∏w B tXPpw {]Im-in®p XpS-ßp-
∂p. B I¿Ωicocw ]q¿Æcq]w {]m]n-°p∂tXmSpIqSn AXn-
s‚-Xmb Bfl-tX-Pv ]q¿Æ-{]-`m-h-tØmsS {]Im-in-°p-Ibpw
tPymXn¿a-ba - mb kzk-Øsb {]I-Sa - m-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Cß-
s\, I¿Ω-^-e-am-Ip∂ icocw ]q¿Æ-h-f¿®-bn-se-Øp-tºmƒ
A¥-cm-f-Øn¬\n∂p an∂¬∏nW-sc-∂-t]mse Hcp {]Im-i-
Zo]vXn s]s´∂p \n¿§-an-°p-∂p. Cu ]cn-Wm-a-sØ-°p-dn®p D]-
am-cq-]Ø - n¬ A√mlp hnip≤Jp¿-B\ - n¬ ]d-bp-∂Xp t\m°pI:
""Rm≥ B ico-
csØ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw alØz-Øns‚ {]Im-i-ßƒ kao-I-
cn-°p-Ibpw AXn¬ Fs‚ Bflm-hns\ DuXp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-
°p- ∂ - X n- \ m¬ \nß- s f√mw AXn\p hW- ° - t ØmSp IqSn
Iogvs∏-Sp-hn≥'' (15:30). k¬°¿Ω-i-cocw ]q¿Æ-cq]w {]m]n-
°p-∂t- Xm-Sp-IqSn A¥-cm-fØ - n¬ \n∂p Hcp Bfl-tX-Pv {]Im-
in®p XpS- ß p∂p F∂ kwKXn Xs∂- b mWv {]kv X pX
hmIyhpw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Cu icocw sFlnI Pohn-X-Ønse
A\m-fln-I-Xz-Øns‚ hne-b-\-Øn-\p-tijw cq]w sIm≈p-∂-
Xn-\m-et{X AXn¬ \n∂p shfn-s∏-Sp∂ Bfl-tX-P-ns\
ssZhw Xt∂mSp kw_-‘n-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. aptº aµo-`-hn®p
InS-∂n-cp∂ B tXPv Cu L´-Øn¬ s]mSp-∂-\th D÷z-en-
°p-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ Cu al-Øz-{]-I-S-\-Øns‚ apºn¬ {]W-
an- ° p- ∂ - X n\v F√m- h cpw \n¿_- ‘ n- X - c m- b n- Ø ocp∂p. Cu
ZnhytXPv shfn-s∏-Sp-∂-tXmSpIqSn A‘-Im-c-t{]-an-bmb Zpcm-
flmhv (C_veokv) HgnsI kI-ecpw AXn-te°v BIr-„cm-hp-
Ibpw AXn\p Iogvs∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
C\n {]Ir-X-Øn-te°pXs∂ Xncn-bmw. Bflm-sh-∂Xp

K¿`m-i-b-Øn¬ hf¿∂p-h-cp∂ amwk-]n-fi-Øn¬ \n∂p D¤-
hn-°p-∂-Xmb Hcp tXP-m-sW∂p apI-fn¬ {]kvXm-hn-®p-h-
t√m. ChnsS "D¤-hn-°p-∂p' F∂Xp sIm≠p≈ hnh£nXw
aptº \nKq-Vhpw Ahy-‡-hp-ambn InS-∂n-cp∂ B i‡n ico-
c-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ-h-f¿®-tbm-Sp-IqSn s]mSp-∂s\ {]Xy-£o-`-hn-
°p∂p F∂m-Wv. AXp BZy-Øn¬ _oP-Øn¬Øs∂ A¥¿`-
hn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. AXn\p _oP-hp-am-bp≈ h¿Æ-\m-Xo-X-amb
_‘w kz¿§-ÿ-\mb ssZh-Øns‚ C—°pw \nb-{¥-W-
Øn\pw A[o-\-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. At∏mƒ Bflm-sh-∂m¬
_oP-Øn¬ Xs∂-bp≈ Hcp tXPkzo kØ-bm-Ip-∂p. icocw
icocØns‚ Awi-am-bn-cn-°p∂t]mse AXv _oP-Øns‚
Awi-am-sW∂p ]d-bm≥ ]‰n-√. F∂m¬, AXp shfn-bn¬
\n∂p h∂ptNcp-∂tXm A¥-co-£-Øn¬\n∂p `qan-bn-te°p
]Xn®p _oP-]-Zm¿∞-hp-ambn kwtbm-Pn-°p-∂tXm BsW∂pw
]d™pIqSm. AXm-Is´ Xo°-√n¬ A·n A¥¿`-hn-®n-cn-°p-
∂Xpt]mse _oP-Øn¬ AtKm-N-c-ambn ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂p.
Bflmhv {]tXy-I-ambn BIm-i-Øn¬\n∂p Cdßnhcp-∂tXm
A¥-co-£-Øn¬\n∂p `qan-bn¬ ]Xn®p bmZr-—n-I-amb \ne-
bn¬ _oP-hp-ambn Ie¿∂p K¿`m-i-b-Øn¬ {]th-in-°p-∂tXm
BsW-∂p≈ A`n-{]m-bsØ ssZhnI{KŸ-amb hnip≤Jp¿-
B≥ hI-sh®p sImSp-°p-∂n-√. A{X-bp-a-√, B [mcW Xotc
A_-≤hpw {]IrXn\nb-a-Øn\p hncp-≤-hp-am-Ip-∂p. No™-
fn™ `£y ]Zm¿∞-ß-fnepw IgpIn shSn-∏m-°mØ {hW-
ß-fnepw ]c-k-l{kw Iran-Io-S-ß-fp-≠m-Ip-∂-Xmbpw aen-\-h-
kv{X-ßf - n¬ AkwJyw t]\p-Iƒ s]mSn-bp-∂X
- mbpw a\p-jys‚
hb-‰n¬ \nc-h[n Iran-I-fpw hnc-Ifpw D≠m-Ip-∂-Xmbpw \mw
ImWp-∂p-≠-t√m. Cu Iran-Io-S-ßƒ ]pd-ta-\n∂p hcp-∂-h-bm-
sWt∂m BIm-i-Øn¬ \n∂nd-ßp-∂-h-bm-sWt∂m B¿°pw
]d-bm≥ Ign-bn-√. X∑qew Bflmhv ico-c-Øn¬\n∂pXs∂
shfn-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp kØ-bm-sW∂ kn≤m-¥-amWv icn-bm-bn-cn-
°p-∂X - v. C{]-Imcw AXp kr„n-bm-sW∂pIqSn sXfn-bp-∂p-≠v.
k¿∆-i-‡-\mb ssZhw Xs‚ ]cn-]q¿Æ ssh`-h-Øm¬
Bflm-hns\ ico-c-Øn¬\n∂p kr„n-®-{]-Imcw AXn\p ico-
c-Øn¬°qSnØs∂ Hcp ]p\¿P-\\w km[n-°p-∂-Xn\pw Dt±-

in-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn ap≥hnhc-W-Øn¬\n∂p a\-n-em-t°≠n-
bn-cn-°p-∂p. Bflm-hns‚ Ne-\-ßƒ ico-c-Øns‚ tN„-Isf
Ah-ew-_n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. \mw GXp `mKØp icocw Xncn-°p-
∂pthm B `mK-tØ°p Bflmhpw Ahiyw Xncn-tb-≠n-bn-cn-
°p-∂p. a\p-jys‚ imco-cn-Im-hÿ - °p Bflm-hn-t\m-Sp≈ _‘-
Øns‚ {]m[m-\ysØ ]cn-KW - n-°p-tºmƒ ssZhnI [¿Ω-{KŸw
Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ am¿§-Z¿i\w \evImsX au\w Zo£n-°m-hp-
∂-X-√-t√m. X∑qew hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ a\p-jys‚ {]mIrX Pohn-
XsØ ]cn-jvI-cn-°p∂ Imcy-Øn¬ hfsc {i≤ sNep-Øn-bn-
cn-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWmw. a\p-jy-\p-ambn _‘-s∏´ F√m apJy-
Im-cy-ß-fnepw B ]hn-{X-{KŸw Aaq-ey-amb \n¿t±-i-ßƒ
\evIp-∂p-≠v. Ctß-b‰w Nncn-°p-I, Ic-bp-I, Xn∂p-I, IpSn-°p-
I, DSp-°p-I, Dd-ßp-I, kwkm-cn-°p-I, au\-am-bn-cn-°p-I, hnhmlw
sNøp-I, H‰bv°p Pohn-°p-I, \S-°p-I, \nev°p-I, ipNn-bm-bn-
cn-°p-I, Ipfn-°pI apX-emb Imcy-ßsf kw_-‘n® hn[n-Ifpw
tcmKm-h-ÿ-bnepw Atcm-Km-h-ÿ-bnepw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw
]men-t°≠ [¿Ω-ßfpw hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ \njvIr-„ a - mbn D]-
tZ-in-®n-cn-°p-IbmWv. Cßs\ AXp a\p-jys‚ Zn\-N-cy-Isf
kw_-‘n® kIe hnj-bß - f - nepw A\p-jvTm\{Ia-ßƒ \n¿t±-
in-°p-Ibpw imco-cn-Im-h-ÿ-°v BflnIÿnXn-bpsSta¬ F{X-
am{Xw kzm[o-\i - ‡
- n-bp-s≠∂v a\-n-em-°n-Øc - p-Ibpw sNbvXn-
cn-°p-∂p. Jp¿-B≥ CXp hnj-b-I-ambn \evIp∂ \n¿t±-i-ß-
sf-°p-dn®p khn-kvXcw {]Xn-]m-Zn-°m≥ ssZ¿Ly-`bw A\p-h-
Zn-°p-∂n-√.
{Xnhn[ ]cn-jvI-c-W-L-´-ßfpw Jp¿-B-\nI \n¿t±-i-ßfpw
a\p-jys\ {]mIr-Xm-h-ÿ-bn¬\n∂p≤-cn®p A\p-{I-a-ambn
AXyp¬°r-„amb B≤ym-fln-Im-h-ÿ-bn¬ FØn-°p-∂-Xn\p
hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ \evIp∂ \n¿t±-i-ß-sf-s¥m-s°-bm-sW∂p
]cn-tim-[n-®-t∏mƒ F\n°v ImWp-hm≥ km[n® bp‡n-bp-
‡hpw kmc-K¿`-hp-amb \nb-ah
- y-hÿ
- I-fn-hb
- mWv: H∂m-aX
- mbn
hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ kmaqlnI Pohn-X-Øns‚ kpK-a-Xbv°p Bh-
iy-amb hyh-lmc k{º-Zm-b-ßfpw Zn\-N-cy-Isf {Ia-s∏-Sp-Øp-
hm-\p≈ N´-ßfpw \n¿t±-in®psIm≠v a\p-jys\ A]-cn-jvIrX

Im´m-fØ- Øn¬\n∂v D≤-cn-°m-\mWv Dt±-in-°p-∂X - v. AXp Cu
L´-Øn¬ Ahs\ arK-{]m-b-Øn¬\n∂p ]q¿Æ-ambpw tamNn-
∏n®p kmaq-lnI[¿Ω-sa∂pw k`ym-Nm-c-sa∂pw ]d-bm-hp∂
Xmgv∂]Sn-bn-ep-≈ [m¿ΩnIKpW-ßƒ ioen-∏n-°p-∂p. ASp-
Ø-Xmbn AXp-t±-in-°p-∂Xv a\p-jys‚ {]mIrX ioe-ßƒ {Ia-
s∏-SpØn D¬°r„-ßf - mb [m¿ΩnIKpW-ßf - m-°n-am-‰p-hm-\mWv.
Cu c≠p ]≤-Xn-Ifpw imco-cn-Im-hÿ ]cn-jvI-cn-°m-\p-≈-h-
bm-b-Xn\m¬ bYm¿∞-Øn¬ H∂pXs∂-bm-sW-¶nepw Ah-
bpsS ÿnXnhyXym-ksØ ap≥\n-dp-Øn-bmWv c≠mbn `mKn-
®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. k¿∆-⁄-\mb kr„n-I¿Ømhp a\p-jy\p
[m¿Ωn-I-ambn Xmgv∂ ÿnXn-bn¬\n∂p F{Xbpw D¬°r-„-
amb ÿnXn-bn-te°pb¿∂pt]mIm≥ km[n-°p-amdv ss\XnI
hyh-ÿ-Iƒ A\p-{I-a-ambn \n¿t±-in-®n-cn-°p-∂Xp ImWmw.
A`n-hr-≤n-bpsS aq∂m-asØ am¿§ambn \n¿t±-in-®n-cn-°p-
∂-Xv, a\p-jy≥ Xs‚ I¿Øm-hmb ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ A\p-cm-K-
Ønepw A\p- k - c - W - Ø nepw ebn- ° p- I bpw Xs‚ PohnX
k¿∆hpw ssZh-Øn\p≈Xm-°n-Øo¿°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ ]c-a-
amb Ah-ÿ-sb-bm-Wv. XymKm-fl-I-amb Cu Ah-ÿsb A\p-
kva-cn-°p-∂-Xn\m-bn-´mWv apkvenwIfpsS aX-Øn\v Ckvemw
F∂p \ma-I-cWw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Fs¥-∂m¬, Ckvemw
F∂-Xp-sIm≠v hnh-£n-Xam°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xv, ]cn-]q¿Æ-ambn
ssZth-„Øn\v hgn-s∏-Sp-Ibpw k¿∆hpw ssZh-Øn¬ ka¿∏n-
°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp Ah-ÿ-bm-Wv. CXns\ kw_-‘n®p
hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p:
“\n›-b-ambpw Xs‚ PohnXw ssZh-Øn-∂mbn A¿∏n-°p-Ibpw

]q¿Æ-ambn Ahs‚ C„-Øn\p Iogvs∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h≥
hmMvam-{X-amb hnizmkwsIm≠v Xr]vXn-s∏-SmsX AXn-s\
k¬°¿Ω-ß-fm¬ km£m¬°-cn-°p-∂p. Ah-\t{X ap‡≥;
Ah\v Xs‚ c£n-Xm-hns‚ ]°¬ {]Xn-^-e-ap-≠v. Cß-s\-
bp-≈-h¿°v Hcp òXn-bp-an√; Ah¿ tJZn-t°-≠n-h-cn-I-bp-an-

√”(2:113).
“]d-bpI: Fs‚ {]m¿∞-\bpw Fs‚ ]cn-Xym-Khpw Fs‚ Pohn-

Xhpw Fs‚ ac-Whpsa√mw temIm-[n-\m-Y-\m-b˛ Iq´p-Im-c-\n-
√m-Ø-h-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂-˛-ssZ-h-Øn-∂m-Ip-∂p. CXn-\m-bn-´t{X
Rm≥ B⁄m-]n-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ckvemw F∂ hm°ns‚
A¿∞-Øn¬ Pohn-°p-∂-h-cn¬, AXm-bXv ssZh-am¿§-Øn¬
kzbw A¿∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-h-cn¬ Rm≥ H∂m-a-\m-Ip-∂p”(6:163,164).
“CXv Fs‚ t\¿h-gn-bm-Ip-∂p. AXn-\m¬, Fs‚ am¿§w ]n¥p-

S-cp-hn≥; A\y-am¿§w XpS-c-cp-Xv. AXp \n›-b-ambpw \nßsf
ssZh-Øn¬\n∂p AI-‰n-°-f-bp-∂-Xm-Wv”(6:154).
“]d-bpI: \nßƒ ssZhsØ kvt\ln-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Fs∂

A\p-K-an-°p-hn≥; At∏mƒ ssZhw \nßsf kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw
\nß-fpsS Ip‰-ßƒ s]mdpØp Xcp-Ibpw sNøpw; Ah≥ \n›-
b-ambpw s]mdpØp sImSp-°p-∂-h\pw IcpW sNøp-∂-h-\p-am-
Ip-∂p.”(3:32)
C\n ta¬∏-d™ aq∂-h-ÿ-I-sfbpw Hmtcm-t∂m-tcm-∂mbn
hnh-cn-°mw. F∂m¬, AXm-cw-`n-°p-∂-Xn\paptº, Hcp kwKXn
ChnsS hni-Zo-I-cn-t°-≠Xv AXym-h-iy-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. AXm-
bXv tZmj{]h-W-amb Bfl-ÿn-Xn-bpsS {]I-S-\-amb imco-cn-
Im-h-ÿ, hnip≤Jp¿-Bs‚ kn≤m-¥-{]-Imcw [m¿Ωn-Im-h-ÿ-
bn¬\n∂v `n∂-amb H∂-√. Jp¿-B≥ a\p-jys‚ kl-Pm-X-
t_m-[ß -- -sfbpw ico-tc-—-I-sfbpw sshIm-cnI {]h-W-X-I-

sfbpw imco-cn-Im-h-ÿ-bpsS hIp-∏n-emWv Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-
°p-∂-Xv. Cu imco-cnI KpW-ßsf icn-bmb \ne-bn¬ {Ia-s∏-
SpØn btYm- N nXw hym]- c n- ∏ n- ° p- t ºmƒ Ah D¬°r„
[m¿ΩnIKpW-ß-fmbn amdp-∂-Xm-Wv. CtX-{]-Imcw [m¿Ωn-Im-
hÿ B≤ym-fln-Im-h-ÿ-bn¬\n∂pw tIhew th¿s∏-ń-cn-°m-
hp-∂X- √
- . Hcp-h≥ ssZh-`‡ - n-bn¬ ebn®p NnØ-ip-≤nsb ]men-
°p-Ibpw F√m Xmgv∂ sI´p-]m-Sp-I-fn¬\n∂pw ap‡-\mbn
ssZht{]a-Ønepw ssZh-hn-Nm-c-Ønepw hym]-cn-°p-Ibpw AN-
©-e-amb ssZh-hn-izm-k-tØmSpIqSn im¥n-bnepw kam-[m-\-
Ønepw Pohn-°p-Ibpw ssZth„w ]q¿Æ-ambpw A\p-k-cn-°p-
Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ [m¿Ωn-Im-h-ÿ-bn¬\n∂p ]cn-W-an®p
B≤ym-fln-Im-hÿ - b
- n¬ Ncn®p XpS-ßp-∂p. imco-cn-Im-hÿ
- sb
[m¿Ωn-Im-h-ÿ-bmbn ]cn-h¿Ø\w sNøm-Xn-cn-°p-∂-nS-tØmfw
a\p-jy≥ {]iw-km¿l-\mbn Xocp-∂n-√. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬,
imco-cn-Im-hÿ P¥p-h¿§-Ønepw ANchkvXp-°-fn¬t∏mepw
kmam\yw ImW-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp \ne-bm-Wv. A{]-ImcwXs∂
tIhew [m¿ΩnI KpW-ßƒ kºm-Zn®XpsIm≠v Hcph\v
B≤ym-fln-IX A\p-`q-X-am-Ip-∂pan-√. ssZh-k-Øsb \ntj-
[n-°p∂ \mkvXn-I\pt]mepw Nne k¬kz`m-h-ßƒ ImWn-
°m≥ Ign-bp-∂X - m-Wv. kuay-X, £a, kam-[m-\i
- o-ew, Alnwk
apX-emb kz`m-h-ßƒ tam£am¿§-sØ-°p-dn®p Adn-hn-√mØ
km[m-c-W-°m-c\pt]mepw D≠m-bn-cn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. \ncp-]-{Z-
hn-Ifpw kuaykz`m-hn-Ifpw sacp-ßn-bm¬ CW°w ImWn-°p-
∂-h-bp-amb \nc-h[n arK-ßsf \ap°v ImWmw. Ah F{X
Xs∂ {]l-c-taev°p-∂-Xm-bmepw {]Xn-Im-c-Øn\v Xp\n-bp-∂n-
√. Cu kz`mhw Imc-W-ambn Ahsb km[m-cW a\p-jy-cpsS
hIp-∏n¬t]mepw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm≥ Bcpw Hcp-sº-Sp-I-bn-√-t√m.
At∏mƒ A‘-hn-izm-k-Ønepw Zp¿hrØn-bnepw h¿Øn-°p∂
Nne¿IqSn CØcw kz`m-hß - ƒ ImWn-s®∂p hcmw. Xs‚ {hW-
Øn-ep≈ IoS-ßfpw Xe-bnse t]\p-Ifpw hb-‰ntem IpS-entem
D≈ Iran-Ifpw \in-∏n-°m≥ kΩ-Xn-°m-Xn-cn-°Ø - ° Zbm-_p≤n
Hcph-\p-≠m-sb∂pw hcmw. AkwJyw {]mWn-Isf \in-∏n-°p-
Ibpw Cu®-Isf Iqń¬\n∂v NnX-dn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xpaqew
e`n- ° p- ∂ - X n- \ m¬ tX≥ Ign- ° m- X n- c n- ° p∂t]mse- X - s ∂,

am\ns\ sIm√p-Ibpw AXns‚ Ip™p-ßsf th¿s∏-SpØn
ZpxJn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xpaqew e`y-am-Ip-∂-Xm-b-Xn-\m¬
IkvXqcn D]-tbm-Kn-°m-Xn-cn-°m-\p≈ Zbm¿{Z-Xbpw Nne¿°p-
≠m-Im-sa-∂Xpw kΩ-Xn-°mw. apØv, ]´v F∂o km[-\-ßƒ
Nne {]mWn-Isf \in-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-aqew In´p-∂-h-bm-b-Xp-sIm≠v
Ah D]-tbm-Kn-°m-Xn-cn-°-Ø° I\n-hp≈ lrZbw Nne¿°p-
≠m-Ip-sa-∂Xpw kΩ-Xn-°mw. AtX-t]mseXs∂, tZl-Øn¬
Ipfb´-sb ]n-Sn∏n°p-∂-XpsIm≠v A-Wp°fpsS Poh≥ \in-
°p-sa∂p IcpXn AXn-\-\p-h-Zn-°msX kz¥w thZ\ s]mdp-∏n-
°m≥ k∂-≤X-bp-≈-h-cp-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°m-sa-∂-Xn-s\bpw Rm≥
\ntj-[n-°p-∂n-√. C{X-bp-a-√, Poh-l-Xysb `b∂p Pe-]m\w
t]mepw ]cn-Xy-Pn-°p-Ibpw AXnse AWp-{]m-Wn-Isf c£n-
°p∂-Xn\p kzbw \miw hcn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ ]q¿Æ Zbm-
ep-°-fp-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°m-sa-∂Xpw Ah-km-\-ambn kΩ-Xn®p
sIm≈mw. CsX√mw kΩ-Xn-°m-sa-∂n-cp-∂mepw {]Ir-Xn-]-c-amb
Cu kz`m-h-ßsf [m¿ΩnIKpW-ß-fmbn ]cn-K-Wn-°p-hmt\m
ssZsshIyw {]m]n°p-∂-Xn\p {]Xn-_-‘-ß-fmb B¥-cnI
amen-\y-ßƒ Igp-In-°-f-bp-∂-Xn\p Ah ]cym-]vX-ß-fm-sW∂p
kΩ-Xn-°p-hmt\m km≤y-a-√. CtX-{]-Im-cw, a\p-jy-cn¬ ImWm-
hp-∂X - nepw IqSp-Xe - mbn Nne arK-ßf- nepw ]£n-If - nepw ImWm-
hp∂ \nc-]-cm-[n-Xzhpw kuay-Xbpw ioen-°p-∂XpsIm≠v DØ-
a-a-\p-jyXzw {]m]n-°m≥ Ign-bp-sa∂p ]d-bm-hp-∂-Xp-a-√. t\sc-
a-dn®v A{]-Imcw sNøp-∂Xp {]Ir-Xn-tbmSv s]mcp-Xp-Ibpw
ssZth„Øn\v hntcm[w ImWn-°p-Ibpw {]Ir-XnbpsS A\p-
{K-lsØ \ncm-Ic - n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂X - n\v Xpey-am-Ip-∂p. kIe
[m¿ΩnIKpW-ß-sfbpw kµ¿t`m-NnXw {]tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw
ssZham¿§-Øn¬ \njvI-f-¶-`-‡n-tbmsS Ncn-°p-Ibpw ssZth-
„Øn\mbn Bflka¿∏Ww sNøp-Ibpw sNøp-∂XpsIm≠p
am{Xta B≤ym-flnI kºq¿ÆX kn≤n-°p-I-bp-≈q. GsXm-
cmƒ ssZh- a m¿§- Ø n¬ Bfl- k - a ¿∏Ww sNøp- ∂ pthm
Abmƒ°v ssZh-sØ-°q-SmsX Pohn-®n-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√.
Aß-s\-bp≈ `‡≥, ssZhØns‚ XncpIc-Øm¬ _en-bn-S-
s∏´v ssZhm-\p-cm-K-am-Ip∂ ktcm-h-c-Øn¬ Ifn®psIm≠n-cn-
°p∂ a’y-sØ-t∏m-se-bm-Ip-∂p.
ho≠pw {]IrX hnj-b-Øn-te°pXs∂ Xncn™psIm≈-
s´. tZmj{]h-W-amb Bflm-hv, kzbw imk-Im-flm-hv, im¥n
{]m]n® Bflmhv F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ a\p-jys‚ `n∂m-h-ÿ-
Iƒ°v aq∂p D¬]Øn ÿm\-ß-fp-s≠∂v aptº {]kvXm-hn-
®n-´p-≠-t√m. Cu Ah-ÿ-Iƒ°v A\p-kr-X-ambn aq∂p ]cn-
jvIc - W
- ]
- ≤- X
- n-Ifpw hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ \n¿t±-in-°p-∂p-≠v. H∂m-
asØ ]≤-Xn, A]-cn-jvIr-X-cmb Incm-Xsc `£-W-{I-aw, hnhm-
l-k{- º-Zmbw XpS-ßnb \mK-cnI hyh-lmc [¿Ω-ßƒ°v hnt[-
b-cm°n a\p-jy-sc-t∏mse Pohn-°p-hm≥ ]Tn-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv.
AXm-bXv \·cmbn \S-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I, \mbv°-sf-t∏mse ihw
`£n-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I, B`m-kØw {]h¿Øn-°m-Xn-cn-°pI F∂n-
ß- s \- b p≈ Xmgv ∂ Xcw ]cn- j v I mc k{º- Z m- b - ß ƒ
Ahscs°m≠p BN-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS {]Im-i-ta-
‰n-ń-√mØ Im´m-f-h¿§sØ ]cn-jvI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\p BZy-ambn
Ahsc Cu ]≤-Xn-bn¬°qsS \S-Øn®p kmaqlnI hyh-lmc
[¿Ω-ßfpw Xmgv∂ ]Sn-bn-ep≈ [m¿ΩnI KpW-ßfpw ]cn-io-
en-∏n-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. _mly-amb Cu kmaq-lnI-[¿Ω-ßsf
icn-bmb \ne-bn¬ kzoI-cn-®n-´p-≈-h-cmWv c≠m-asØ ]cn-
jvI-cW ]≤-Xn-bn¬ {]th-in-°p-∂-Xn\p A¿l-cm-bn-Øo-cp-
∂-Xv. Cu L´-Øn¬ Ah¿°v D¬°r-„-Xcw [m¿Ωn-I-]m-T-
ßƒ \evIp-Ibpw kl-Pm-Xt- _m-[ß - fpw B¥-cnI i‡n-Ifpw
HuNn-Xy-Zo-£-tbmsS D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p. C{]-Imcw D¬°r„ [m¿ΩnIKpW-ßƒ hi-s∏-Sp-
Øn-b-h¿ aq∂m-asØ Zisb XcWw sNøp-hm≥ A¿l-cm-bn-
Øo-cp-∂p. Cu ]≤-Xn-bn¬°qSn Ncn-°p∂ `‡¿°v ssZh-
tØm-Sp≈ t{]ssa-Iy-am-Ip∂ ckm-b-\-]m-\obw Bkzm-Zy-ambn
`hn-°p-∂X - m-Wv. Cu {Xnhn[ ]cn-jvIcW]≤-Xn-If- mWv hnip≤
Jp¿-B≥ \n¿t±-in-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
Xncp-\-_n-bpsS Ah-Xmcw
hnip≤ \_n-\m-bI
- ¿ lZvdØv apl-ΩZv apkvX^
- m(-k) Xncp-
h-Xmcw sNbvXXp temIw A⁄m-\hpw A[¿ΩhpwsIm≠v
A‘-Im-cm-hr-X-amb Ime-L-´-Øn-em-Wv. CXp kw_-‘n®v
A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: “Ic-bnepw IS-enepw

Hcpt]mse A[¿Ωw hym]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p”(30:42). Cu D]-am\w
kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv "Alvep InXm_v' AYhm thZw \evI-s∏-´-
hcpw thZ-c-ln-Xcpw Hcp-t]mse Zpjn®p t]mbn-cn-°p-∂p-sh-
∂m-Wv. Cßs\ arX-{]m-b-cm-bn-Øo¿∂n-cp∂ P\sØ ]p\-cp-
÷o-hn-∏n-°p-I-bm-Ip∂p hnip≤ Jp¿-Bs‚ e£yw. AXp ]d-
bp- ∂ Xp t\m°pI:
“\n¿÷o-ha - m-bn-cn-°p∂ `qansb A√mlp ]p\-cp-÷o-hn-∏n-°m≥
t]mIp-∂p-sh-∂Xv \nßƒ Adn™p sIm≈p-hn≥”(57:18). A°m-
eØv Ad_v cmPyw apgp-h\pw A⁄-Xbpw A\m-K-cn-I-Xbpw
hym]n-®n-cp-∂p. Hcp kmaq-lnI\n-b-ahpw Ah¿ A\p-k-cn-®n-cp-
∂n-√. F{Xbpw B`m-kI - c
- hpw \nµm-hl
- h
- p-amb A[¿Ω I¿Ω-
ßƒ Ah¿ A`n-am-\-]q¿∆w sNbvXpt]m∂p. AkwJyw `mcy-
amsc Ah¿ ]cn-{K-ln-®p. \njn-≤-ß-fmb hkvXp-°ƒ Ah¿°v
CjvSt- `m-P\
- ß- f- m-bn-cp-∂p. AΩ-amsc `mcy-am-cmbn kzoI-cn-°pI
F∂Xpw Ah-cpsS CS-bn¬ A]q¿∆-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. Cu \nµy-
amb k{º- Z m- b sØ \ntcm- [ n- ° p- ∂ - X n- \ m- b n- ´ - t {X.
“\nß-fpsS AΩ-am¿ \nßƒ°v hntcm-
[n-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p''(4:24) F∂p A√mlp hnip≤Jp¿-B-\n¬
Iev]n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ah¿ arK-ß-sf-t∏mse ih-ßƒ `£n-
°p-∂-Xn\pw aSn-®n-cp-∂n-√. a\p-jy amwk-t`m-P-\hpw Ah¿°v
A]-Yy-a-√m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿ ioen-®n-ń-√mØ Hcp ]m]-I¿Ωhpw
`qap-JØp _m°n-bn-s√∂p ]d-bmw. Ah-cn¬ `qcn-`m-Khpw `mhn-
Po-hn-X-Øn¬ hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂n-√. Cuiz-cm-kvXn-Xz-Øn¬ hnizm-
k-an-√m-Ø-hcpw Ah-cn¬ Zp¿e-`-a√m-bn-cp-∂p. s]¨k-¥m-\-
ßsf kz¥w ssII-fm¬ sIm√p-∂Xv Ah-cpsS CS-bn¬ ]Xn-
hm-bn-cp-∂p. A\m-Y-°p-ń-Isf sIm∂v Ah-cpsS apX-ep-Iƒ
ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. _mly-Zr„n°v Ah¿ a\p-jy-cq-]n-
I-fmbn ImW-s∏-ń-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw bYm¿∞-Øn¬ hnth-Iw,
acymZ, e÷, A`n-am\w XpS-ßnb a\p-jy-Kp-W-ßƒ Ah-cn¬
ImWm-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Ah¿ aZy-]m-\-Øn¬ AXym-k-‡-cm-
bn-cp-∂p. hy`n-Nm-c-Øn¬ apº-\mtcm Ah-\mWv kap-Zm-b-Øn-
\n-S-bn¬ hº-\mbn Icp-X-s∏-ń-cp-∂-Xv. A⁄X k¿∆{X
hym]n-®n-cp-∂p. X∑q-ew, Ab¬ cmPy-°m-sc-√m-hcpw Ahsc

DΩn(-\n-c£
- c- I
- p£n)Iƒ F∂p hnfn-®p. Cu Ime-L´- Ø - n-emWv
\_n-\m-b-I¿ Xncp-ta-\n(-k) a°m-\-K-c-Øn¬ Bhn¿`-hn-®-Xv.
Cu P\-Xsb Xs∂-bmWv Xncp-\-_n°v H∂m-a-Xmbn D≤-cn-
t°-≠n-bn-cp-∂-Xpw. AXn-\m¬ aptº {]kvXm-hn® aq∂phn[
]cn-jvI-cW]≤-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw {]h¿Ø-\-Øn-\p≈ icn-bmb
Ah-kcw AXp-X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ a‰p am¿§-
Z¿iI {KŸ-ß-sf-°mƒ ]cn-]q¿Æhpw A\yq-\hpw BsW∂p
hmZn-°p-∂Xp Cu Imc-WØ - m-em-Wv. Cu ]cn-]q¿Æ-{K-ŸØ- n\p
am{X-a-√msX as‰mcp aX-{K-Ÿ-Øn\pw Cu aq∂p-hn[ ]cn-jv°m-
c-ßfpw hcp-Øn-Øo¿°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ah-kcw e`n-®n-cp-∂n-√.
\mK-cn-I-X-bn-√mØ arK-{]m-b-cmb P\-ßsf a\p-jy-cm-°p-I-
bpw, a\p-jysc [m¿ΩnI KpW-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb injvSm-Nm-cn-I-
fm-°n-Øo¿°p-Ibpw [m¿ΩnI a\p-jysc B≤ym-flnI\ne-bn¬
Db¿∂ ssZh-`-‡-cmbn ]cn-h¿Ø\w sNøn-°p-I-bp-amWv
hnip≤ Jp¿-Bs‚ Dt±-iyw. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Cu ]≤-Xn-I-sf-
°p-dn®p AXp [mcmfw {]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
P\-]-cn-jvIcWØn-\p≈ {]kvXpX aq∂p ]≤-Xn-I-sf-°p-
dn®p khn-kvXcw {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂-Xn\p aptº Hcp kwKXn
ChnsS {]tXyIw {]kvXm-hm¿l-am-Wv. _mly-amb \n¿_‘w
sIm≠-√msX kzoI-cn-°m≥ høm-ØXpw bp‡n-s°-Xn-cm-b-Xp-
amb Hcp kn≤m-¥hpw hnip≤Jp¿-B-\n¬ C√Xs∂. B
hnip≤ {KŸ-Øns‚ e£yw Cu {Xnhn[ ]≤-Xn-I-fn¬°qSn-
bp≈ ]cn-jvI-cWw am{X-am-Wv. AXnse XtØzm-]-tZ-i-ß-fp-
sS-sb√mw Poh\pw AXpXs∂. a‰p≈ \nba hyh-ÿ-nXnI-
sf√mw Cu Dt±iyw km[n-°p-hm-\p≈ D]m-b-ß-fm-sW∂p ]d-
bmw. imco-cnI tcmK-ß-fpsS ia-\-Øn-\mbn sshZy\v Nne-
t∏mƒ ikv{X-{Inb \S-tØ-≠-Xmbpw Nne-t∏mƒ Huj[w
{]tbm-Kn-t°-≠-Xmbpw hcp-∂Xpt]mseXs∂ hnip≤Jp¿-
B\pw a\p-jy-cpsS KpW-Øn\pth≠n CtX k{º-Zm-b-ßƒ
btYm-NnXw \n¿t±-in-®n-cn-°p-∂Xp ImWmw. AXnse XØz-
⁄m-\-ß-fp-sSbpw kn≤m-¥-ß-fp-sSbpw [¿tΩm-Zvt_m-[ß -- -fp-
sS-bp-sa√mw ]c-am¿t∞m-t±iyw a\p-jys\ ssIcm-Xn-I-amb
imco-cn-Im-h-ÿ-bn¬ \n∂v [m¿Ωn-Im-h-ÿ-bn-te°pw AhnsS
\n∂p AXn-cn-√mØ Bflo-bu-∂-Xy-Øn-te°pw Db¿Øn-

s°m≠p t]mhpI F∂-Xm-Wv.
[m¿ΩnI KpW-ß-fpsS \ncq-]Ww
imco-cn-Im-hÿ [m¿Ωn-Im-h-ÿ-bn¬\n∂p `n∂-amb Hcp
ÿn-Xn-bs - √∂p aptº {]kvXm-hn-®p-ht- √m. imco-cn-Im-hÿ
- b
- n¬
Dƒs∏´ hym]m-c-ßsf hnth-I-_p-≤n-bpsS am¿§-\n¿t±-i-a-\p-
k-cn®p kµ¿t`m-NnXw {Ia-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ Ah [m¿ΩnI KpW-
ß-fmbn ]cn-W-an-°p-∂p. [m¿ΩnIKpW-ß-tfmSv F{XXs∂
kmZr-iy-ap≈ I¿Ωw Hcp-h-\n¬\n∂v shfn-s∏-Sp--∂-Xm-bmepw
hnthI_p≤n-bp-sSbpw ⁄m\-Øn-s‚bpw \nb-{¥-W-Øn\p
hnt[-b-am-Im-Xn-cn-°p-∂n-S-tØm-fw AXv bYm¿∞ k¬Kp-W-
am-bn-Øo-cp-I-bn-√. AXv Ahs‚ kzm`m-hn-I-amb t{]c-W-bpsS
êw am{X-am-bn-cn-°pw. DZm-l-c-W-am-bn, Hcp ]ńtbm BtSm
AXns‚ bP-am-\-t\mSp ImWn-°p∂ kvt\lhpw CW-°hpw
AXns‚ kZm-Nm-c-am-sWt∂m k¬kz-`m-h-am-sWt∂m ]d-bm-
hp-∂-X-√. A{]-ImcwXs∂ sN∂m-b-bp-sStbm knwl-Øn-
s‚tbm \njvTq-cX - sb AXns‚ Zpz--` m-ha- mbpw hnNm-cn®pIqSm.
aptº {]kvXm-hn-®Xpt]mse GsXmcp IrXyhpw kµ¿ù-
NnXyw t\m°n hnth-I-]q¿∆w sNø-s∏-Sp∂ L´-Øn-emWv
[m¿Ωn-Im-hÿ Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xv. kz{]-hr-Øn-I-fn¬ _p≤nbpw
bp‡nbpw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-Xn-cn-°p∂ Hcp-hs\ _p≤n-]-Iz-
am-bn-ń-√mØ inip-hn-t\mtSm lX-_p-≤n-bmb {`m¥-t\mtSm
D]-an-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬, tIhew inip-hns‚tbm NnØ-
{`-an-bp-sStbm tNjvS-Iƒ Nne-t∏mƒ k¬Ir-Xy-ß-tfmSp kmZr-
iy-ap-≈-h-bmbn ImWm-sa-¶n-epw, HuNn-Xy-Zo-£-tbmSpw hnth-
I-_p-≤n-tbmSpw IqSn sNøs∏-Sp-∂-h-b-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ Ahsb
_p≤n-am≥am-cmcpw kZm-Nm-c-Kp-W-ß-fmbn ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂-X-√.
adn®p B {Inb-I-fm-Is´ kl-Pm-X-t_m-[-ß-fpsS t{]c-W-b-
\p-k-cn-®p-≈h am{X-am-Ip-∂p. DZm-l-c-W-ambn Hcp a\p-jy-{]P
`qPm-X-amb DS≥Xs∂ amXr-kvX-\-ß-fpsSt\¿°v Xncn-bp-∂p.
tImgn-°p-™m-Is´ ap´bn¬\n∂p hncn™ £Ww [m\y-a-Wn-
Iƒ sImØn-Øn-∂p-hm≥ HmSn-\-S-°p-∂p. A´-bpsS Ip™p A´-
bpsS {]Ir-Xn-tbmSpIqSn-bn-cn-°p∂p. k¿∏-Øns‚ Ip™p
AXns‚ PmXn-kz-`mhw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. knwl-Øns‚ Ipń
AXns‚ {]Ir-Xym-ep≈ ioe-ßsf A\p-k-cn-°p-∂p. hnti-

jn®pw a\pjyinip-hns\ \mw ]cn-tim-[n-°p∂Xmbm¬, AXp
{]k-hn®p hoW-tXm-Sp-IqSn a\pjy kz`m-h-ßƒ {]I-Sn-∏n®p
XpS-ßp-∂-Xmbpw hf¿∂p hcp-t¥mdpw B kz`mh {]I-S-\-
ßƒ {]kv]„am-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xmbpw ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
Ct∏mƒ AXv aptº Ic-bp-∂-Xnepw IqSp-X¬ hy-‡-ambpw D®-
Ønepw Ic-bp-∂X - mbpw ImWmw. Cu L´-Øn¬ AXns‚ IÆp-
I-fn¬ a\x-]q¿∆-amb t\m´-Øns‚ Nn”-ßƒ sXfn™p ImWp-
∂p. AXp kz¥w CjvSm-\n-jvSß - sf Ah-bh - t- NjvSIƒ aptJ\
shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xmbpw a‰p-≈-h¿°v h√Xpw sImSp-°p-hm≥
`mhn-°p-∂X - mbpw ImWmw. F∂m¬, Cu tN„-Is - f√mw hmkvX-
h-Øn¬ kz`m-h-t{]-cn-X-ß-fm-Ip-∂p. Cß-s\-bp≈ inip-hn-t‚-
Xn-t\mSv Xpey-amWv _p≤n]-c-amb A]q¿Æ ÿnXn-bn-ep≈
Incm-Xs‚ Ahÿ. Incm-X-\m-Is´ Xs‚ hm°nepw {]hr-Øn-
bnepw Ne-\-Ønepw au\-Ønepw {]mIr-X-ioew shfns-∏-Sp-
Øp-Ibpw kZm hnIm-cm-[o--\-\mbn h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-
Xm-Wv. Ahs‚ Hcp {]hr-Ønbpw A¥x-I-c-W-Øns‚ {]tNm-Z-
\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS ê-am-bn-cn-°p-I-bn-√. {]XypX Ahs‚
Hmtcm tNjvSbpw A¥¿hnIm-c-ßƒ°-\p-kr-X-ambn _mly-
amb t{]c-W-bp-≠m-Ip-tºmƒ shfn-s∏-Sp-I-bmWv sNøp-I.
Cßs\ kz`m-h-t{]-cn-X-ß-fmb Ahs‚ tNjvS-I-sf√mw B`m-
k-ß-fm-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂n-√. Ah-bn¬ NneXp hnth-In-bpsS
HuNn-Xy]q¿∆-amb k¬Ir-Xy-ß-tfmSv- kZr-i-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-
Wv. F¶nepw Ah _p≤n-]q¿∆-amb hnth-N-\-Øn-s‚tbm
HuNnXyNn-¥-bp-sStbm ê-ß-fm-bn-cn-°p-I-bn-√. Ahs‚
tNjvS-I-fn¬ kzev]-amb Nn¥bv°v hI-bp-≠m-Ip-∂p-s≠-
¶n¬Øs∂ Ah A[n-Ihpw hnIm-c-t{]-cn-X-ß-fm-b-Xn-\m¬
k¬Ir-Xy-ß-fmbn hnNm-cn-°m-hp-∂-X-√. A[n-IX t\m°n-bm-
Wt√m GsXm-∂n-s\bpw Xcw Xncn-°p-∂-Xv.
Npcp-°-Øn¬, Xmgv∂-Xcw P¥p-°-sf-t∏m-setbm inip-°-
sf-t∏m-setbm NnØ-{`-an-I-sft∏msetbm kzm`m-hn-I-amb
A¥¿hn-Im-cß - ƒ°p A[o-\\ - mbn h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw an°-hmdpw
Im´m-f-s\-t∏mse Pohn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcphs‚ tNjvS-Iƒ
bYm¿∞ k¬Kp- W - ß - f mbn ]cn- K - W n®pIqSm. Hcp- h s‚

{]hrØn k¬Ir-Xytam ZpjvIr-Xytam Bbn hI-Xn-cn-°p-∂-
Xn-\p≈ Imew Bcw-`n-°p-∂Xv Ah-\p -\-√Xpw NoØbpw Xncn-
®-dn-bm\pw c≠p Zp¿Kp-W-ßƒ XΩnepw c≠p kZvKp-W-ßƒ
XΩnepw Xmc-X-tay-\-bp≈ hyXymkw hnth-Nn-®dn-bm\pw
th≠{X _p≤n-]-Iz-am-Ip-tºm-gm-Wv. Cu L´-Øn¬ Ah≥
kZvhrØn Dt]-£n-®-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v tJZn-°p-Ibpw ZpjvIrXyw
sNbv-X- p-t]m-b-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v ]›m-Ø-]n-°p-Ibpw am\-km-¥-c-
s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. CXmWv hnip≤Jp¿-B≥
"\^vkv e∆ma'˛ kzbw imk-Im-fl-ÿnXn ˛ F∂ t]cp-sIm≠v
hnti-jn-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂ a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Ønse c≠m-asØ ]cn-
Wm-a-L-´w. F∂m¬, tIh-e-samcp {]mIr-Xs\ kzbw imkn-
°p∂ ]›m-Ø-m]-t_m-[Ø -- n-te°v t{]cn-∏n-°p∂ ]cn-h¿Ø\
L´-Øn-se-Øn-°p-∂-Xn\v KpW-tZm-tjm-]-tZiw am{Xw aXn-bm-
hp-I-bn-√. Xs‚ P∑w \nc¿∞hpw \ncp-]-tbm-K-hp-am-sW∂p
Ah≥ [cn-°m-Xn-cn-°-Ø° \ne-bn-se-¶nepw ssZh-t_m[w
Ah\p kn≤n-®n-cn-t°-≠Xp Bh-iy-am-Ip-∂p. Cu ssZh-t_m-
[-amWv Ah-\n¬ bYm¿∞ [m¿ΩnI KpW-ßƒ D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-
°m≥ ]cym-]vX-am-hp-I. AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂-bmWv hnip≤ Jp¿-
B≥ XtØz-m]-tZiw sNøp-∂-tXm-Sp-IqSn ssZhsØ kw_-
‘n® bYm¿∞⁄m\w {]t_m- [ n- ° p- I bpw \√tXm
NoØtbm Bb Hmtcm {Inbbpw sFlnI Pohn-X-Øn¬ a\p-
jy\p Bflo-ba - mb kpJtam ZpxJtam \evIp∂ {]Xn-ê - Ø
- n\v
tlXp-hm-Ip-∂-Xm-sW∂pw Cu {]Xn-êw ]mc-{XnI Pohn-X-
Øn¬ {]Xy£cq]-Øn¬ A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-am-dm-Ip-sa∂pw DZvt_m-
[n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Npcp-°n-∏-d-bp-∂-Xm-bm¬,
kzbw imkm-Im-flm-hns‚ Ah-ÿ-bm-Ip∂ Cu am\-km-¥-c-
L-´-Øn¬ Hcp-h≥ FØn-°-gn-bp-tºmƒ tZmj-I-c-amb GXp
IrXy-sØ-°p-dn®pw ]›m-Ø-]n-°p-Ibpw k¬Ir-Xy-Øn¬
Xm¬]cyw ImWn-°p-Ibpw sNø-Ø° - h
- Æw Ahs‚ _p≤nbpw
⁄m\hpw a\x-km-£nbpw A`n-hr≤n {]m]n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.
Cu Ah-ÿ-bn-emWv Ah≥ D¬°rjvS [m¿ΩnI KpW-ßƒ
kºm-Zn-°p-∂-Xv. [m¿ΩnIKpWw AYhm kZvKpWw F∂p
A¿∞w hnh-£n-Xam°m-hp∂ "Jp¬Jv' F∂ ]Z-sØ-°p-
dn®p kzev]-sam∂p hnh-cn-°p-∂Xp AXym-h-iy-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

kzc-Øn-e-√msX {]Xy-£-cq-]-Øn¬ hyXym-k-an-√mØ "J¬Jv'
F∂ hm°v _mly krjvSn-tbbpw {]Ir-X-Ønse "Jp¬Jv'
F∂ i–w B¥-cnI krjvSn-tb-bp-amWv Ipdn-°p-∂-Xv.
Cu B¥-cnI krjvSn AYhm Bfl-kw-kvImcw ]q¿ÆX
{]m]n-°p-∂Xp bp‡nhnNm-c-tØmSpIqSnb k¬Ir-Xy-ß-fm-em-
Ip-∂p; tIhew hnImct{]cn-X-ß-fmb {]hr-Øn-I-fm-e-√. AXp-
sIm-≠mWv {]kvXpX i–w [m¿ΩnI KpW-sØ-b-√msX {]Ir-
Xn-]-c-amb tNjvSn-XsØ Ipdn-°p-∂-Xn\p D]-tbm-Kn-°m-Ø-Xv.
k¬Kp-W-ß-sf-∂m¬ £a, kln-jvWp-X, kuayw, hn\bw
F∂nh am{X-am-sW∂p s]mXp-sh-bp≈ [mcW A_-≤-am-
sW∂ kwK-Xnbpw ChnsS H∂p hy‡-am-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
a\p-jys‚ Hmtcm _mtly-{µnb hym]-c-Øn-\p-sa-Xn-cn¬ lrZ-
bm-¥-c-Øn¬ Hmtcm hnIm-c-i‡n \n£n-]vX-am-bn-´p-≠v. Cu
A¥-»-‡n-Isf HuNn-Xya\pk-cn®p hym]-cn-∏n-°p-tºm-gmWv
Ahbv°v [m¿ΩnI KpW-ß-sf∂p ]d-bm-hp∂ kwkvImcw
kn≤n-°p-∂-Xv. DZm-l-c-W-am-bn, Hcp-h≥ Ic-bp-tºmƒ _mly-
Øn¬ Ahs‚ IÆp-Iƒ IÆo¿ s]mgn-°p-∂p-h-t√m. Cu tN„-
Iƒs°-Xn-cn¬ lrZbm-¥¿`m-KØv B¿{Z-`mhw F∂pt]¿
sNøm-hp∂ Hcp hnIm-c-hnti-jap-≠v. hnth-In-bmb a\p-jy≥
AXns\ HuNnXyt_m[-tØmsS {]tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ AsXmcp
"Jp¬Jv' AYhm [m¿ΩnI KpWw Bbn-Øo-cp-∂p. CtX-{]-Im-
cw, Hcp-h≥ i{Xp-hn-t\mSp t\cn-Sp-∂-Xn\p Xs‚ Ic-ßƒ D]-
tbm-Ks - ∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ Ah-\n¬ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv Cu _mtly-
{µn-b-Øns‚ i‡n-°-\p-cq-]-ambn lrZ-b-Øn¬ \n£n-]vX-amb
ss[cy-sa∂ hnIm-c-i-‡n-bm-Ip-∂p. Cu i‡nsb hnth-N\
bp‡n-tbmsS hn\n-tbm-Kn-°p∂ ]£w CXp-samcp k¬Kp-W-
ambn ]cn- W - a n- ° p- ∂ - X m- W v . Nne- t ∏mƒ a\p- j y≥ Xs‚
ssIsIm≠p t{Zmln- X s\ t{Zmln- b n¬\n∂p c£- s ∏- S p-
Øphm≥ DZy-an-°p-Itbm AK-Xn-Iƒ°pw hni∂phe-bp-∂-
h¿°pw Zm\w sNøm≥ `mhn-°p-Itbm at‰-sX-¶nepw hn[-Øn¬
P\-ip-{iqj sNøm-\p-t±-in-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂p. At∏mƒ Ah-
\n¬ hym]-cn-°p-∂Xv lrZ-b-Øn¬ h¿Øn-°p∂ Ir]m-Kp-W-a-
s{X. Nne-t∏mƒ Ah≥ t{Zmlnsb in£n-°p-hm≥ ]pd-s∏-Sp-

∂Xv Xs‚ D≈n¬ t{]-cn-X-am-Ip∂ {]Xn-Im-c`m-h-Ømembn-cn-
°pw. Nne kabw Ah≥, Xs∂ t{Zmln-®-hs‚ t\¿°v {]Xn-
{Inb sNømsX t{Zmlw £an®p If-bp-∂p. Cu _mly-tN-jvS-
Ibvs°-Xn-cn¬ lrZ-bØ - n¬ ÿnXn sNøp∂ sshIm-cnI i‡n-
°mWv kln-jvWpX F∂pw £a-sb-∂pw ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Nne
Ah-k-c-Øn¬ Ah≥ Xs‚ Ic-N-c-W-ß-sftbm A¥x-I-c-W-
sØtbm _p≤n-i-‡n-sbtbm a\p-jy-k-ap-Zm-b-Øns‚ t£a-
Øn-\mbn hn\n-tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS kpJm-`n-h¿≤-\-Øn-
\mbn kzk- º mZywt]mepw sNe- h m- ° p- I bpw sNøp- ∂ p.
At∏mƒ Ahs‚ lrZ-b-Øn¬ HuZmcyw F∂ hnIm-c-i-‡n-
bmWv {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv. apI-fn¬ ]d-™Xpt]mse a\p-jy≥
Cu A¥-»-‡n-I-sf-sb√mw Ah-k-tcm-Nn-Xhpw HuNn-Xy-
]q¿∆hpw hn\n-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ am{X-amWv Ah [m¿ΩnI KpW-
ßƒ F∂ t]cn-∂¿lam-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xv. alm-a-l-Øz-hm-\mb
A√mlp \ΩpsS \_n-\m-b-I¿(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-sb kwt_m-[\
sNbvXpsIm≠v ]d-bp-I-bmWv: ""\n›-b-
ambpw \o al-Ømb KpW-Øn¬ h¿Øn-°p-∂p''(68:5).
AXm-bXv HuZm-cyw, ss[cyw, \oXn, Ir], Zb, ]tcm-]-Im-
cw, kXy-k-‘-X, alm-a-\-kvIX apX-emb kIe D¬°r„
am\-knI KpW-ßfpw \n∂n¬ kΩn-fn-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Npcp-
°-Øn¬, a\pjy lrZ-b-Øn¬ ÿnXn sNøp∂ hn\-bw, e÷,
hniz-kvX-X, Ir], A`n-am-\w, ssÿcyw, \n¿Ω-e-X, `‡n,
kuay-X, B¿{Z-X, A\p-I-º, [oc-X, HuZm-cyw, £a, kln-
jvWp-X, ]tcm-]-Im-c-X, kXy-k-‘-X, \njvIm-]Syw F∂n-ß-
s\-bp≈ {]Ir-Xn-]c - a
- mb t_m[-ßƒ bp‡n hnNm-ct- ØmSpIqSn
{]tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ k¬Kp-W-ß-fmbn ]cn-W-an-°p-∂p.
kIe k¬Kp-W-ßfpw bYm¿∞-Øn¬ a\p-jys‚ {]Ir-Xn-hm-
k-\-Ifpw A¥¿hn-Im-c-ßfpw Xs∂-bm-Wv. F∂m¬, a\x-
]q¿∆w kµ¿`-ß-fpsS HuNnXyw t\m°n D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-
tºm-gmWv Ah [m¿ΩnIKpW-ß-sf∂t]cn¬ hyh-l-cn-°-s∏-
Sphm≥ A¿l-am-Ip-∂-Xv. D¬°¿tj— a\p-jys‚ khn-tij
kz`m-h-ß-fn¬ H∂m-b-Xn-\m¬ Ah≥ CXc Pohn-I-fn¬\n∂p
hyXy-kvX-ambn al-Øzm-Imw-£nbmbn h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw kXy-

[¿ΩsØ Ah-ew-_n®p k÷\ kw¿§hpw k¬t_m-[\ - hpw
apJm-¥cw A¥¿hn-Im-cß -- sf [m¿ΩnIKpW-ß-fmbn cq]m-¥-
c-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ {]m]vX-\mbn `hn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
imco-cn-Im-hÿ
C\n \ap°v hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ \n¿t±-in-°p∂ aq∂p-hn[
]cn-jvI-cW ]≤-Xn-I-fn¬, Xmgv∂ Xc-Øn-ep≈ imco-cn-Im-h-
ÿsb kw_-‘n® {]Ya ]≤-Xn-sb-°p-dn®p {]Xn-]m-Zn-°mw.
Cu L´-Øn¬ Jp¿-B≥ kZm-Nm-c-Øns‚ Hcp hn`m-K-amb
"AZ_v' AYhm acym-Z-bn¬ Dƒs∏´ hyh-ÿ-I-sf-bmWv ]Tn-
∏n-°p-∂-Xv. AXm-bXv `£-W-{Iaw XpS-ßnb Zn\-N-cy-I-sfbpw
hnhmlw XpS-ßnb kmaq-lnI-Im-cy-ß-sfbpw \nb-{¥n-°p-
∂Xpw arK- k m- a m- \ y- a mb ssIcm- X nI Pohn- X - Ø n¬\n∂p
tamN\w \evIn ]cn-jvIr-Xa - mb \mK-cnI Pohn-XØ
- n-te°v \bn-
°p-∂-Xp-amb \nb-a-N-´-ßƒ AXp {]Zm\w sNøp-∂p. hnip≤
Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p:
" \nßƒ°v \nß-fpsS AΩ-am¿ \ntcm-[n-°s - ∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. A{]-

Imcw \nß-fpsS ]p{Xn-amcpw \nß-fpsS ktlm-Z-cn-amcpw \nß-
fpsS ]nXr-k-tlm-Z-cn-amcpw \nß-fpsS amXr-k-tlm-Z-cn-amcpw
\nß-fpsS ktlm-Z-c-]p-{Xn-amcpw \nß-fpsS ktlm-Zco ]p{Xn-
amcpw \nßƒ°v ]meq-ńb t]m‰-Ω-amcpw \nß-fpsS ape-IpSn
ktlm-Z-cn-amcpw \nß-fpsS iz{ip-amcpw \nßƒ {]th-in-®n-´p≈
`mcy-am-cn¬ P\n® \nß-fpsS c£-bn-en-cn-°p∂ \nß-fpsS ]nd-
°mØ ]p{Xn-am-cpw˛ \nßƒ Ah-cn¬ {]th-in-®n-ń-s√-¶n¬

tZmj- a n- √ ˛ \nß- f psS Huc- k - ] p- { X≥am- c psS `mcy- a mcpw
Htckabw c≠p ktlm-Z-cn-amcpw taem¬ hntcm-[n-°-s∏-ń-cn-
°p-∂p''(4:24). “\nßƒ kv{XoI-
fpsS lnX-Øn-s\-Xn-cmbn Ah-cpsS apX-eh-Im-in-I-fm-Ip-∂Xv
\nßƒ°v hnln-X-a-√”(4:20).
""\nß-fpsS ]nXm-
°ƒ hnhmlw sNbvXn-´p≈ kv{XoIsf \nßƒ hnhmlw sNø-
cpXv: aptº Ign-™-sX√mw Ign-™p''(4:23) .
Dln√ e°p-ap-Øz-øn-_m-Øp.............
""\√Xpw ip≤-ap-≈-Xp-amb k¿∆hpw \nßƒ°v A\p-h-Zn-°-

s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p...... hnizm-kn-\n-I-fn¬\n∂p≈ Nmcn-{X-h-Xn-Ifpw
\nßƒ°paptº thZw \evIs - ∏-´h
- c
- n¬\n∂p≈ kpN-cn-{X-Ifpw
\nßƒ°p hnhmlw sNøm≥ A\p-hZ- n-°s - ∏-ń-cn-°p∂p; \nßƒ
Ah¿°v hnhm-l-aqeyw \evIn Ahsc hnhmlw sNøp-I-b-
√msX hy`n-Nmcw (ap-km-^n-l-Øv) sNøp-Itbm Pmc-kw-¿Kw
sNøp-Itbm Acp-Xv' (5:6).
k¥m-\-ap-≠m-hmØ ]pcp-js‚ `mcy k¥m-\-em-`m¿∞w
]c-]p-cp-js\ {]m]n-°p-I-sb∂ k{º-Zmbw Nne A⁄-cmb
Ad-_n-If - psS CS-bn¬ \S-∏p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. "apkm-^n-lØv' F∂p
t]cmb Cu Zp-{º-Zm-b-sØ-bmWv {]kvXpX hmIyw \ntcm-
[n- ® n- c n- ° p- ∂ - X v. ho≠pw hnip≤Jp¿- B ≥ ]d- b p∂p:
""\nßƒ Bfl- l Xy sNø- c p- X v ''(4:30).
""\nß-fpsS k¥m-\-ßsf \nßƒ sIm√-
cp-Xv' (6:152).
""A]- c n- j v I r- X - s c- t ∏mse A\y- c psS Krl- ß - f n¬ A\p-

aXnIqSmsX IS-°-cp-Xv. A\y-Kr-l-ß-fn¬ {]th-in-°p-tºmƒ
A\p-hmZw tNmZn-t°-≠Xpw \nßƒ°v kam-[m\sa∂p AI-
Øp-≈-hsc A`n-hmZyw sNtø-≠Xpw Bh-iy-am-Wv........... hoSp-
I-fn¬ Btcbpw ImWm-Ø-]£w Krl-ÿ≥ h∂v \nßƒ°v
A\p-hmZw Xcp-∂Xphsc AIØp {]th-in-°m-Xn-cn-°p-hn≥;
Krl-ÿ≥ \nß-tfmSp Xncn®pt]mhm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-bm-
¬ \nßƒ aS-ßn-t∏m-bn-s°m-≈p-hn≥, AXt{X \nßƒ°v
G‰hpw DNn-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv''(24:28,29).
“\nßƒ `h-\-ß-fn¬ Ah-bpsS hmXn-ep-I-fn-eqsS sN√p-hn≥;
aXn-ep-Iƒ NmSn-°-S-°-cp-Xv”(2:190).
“\nß-tfmSp Bsc-
¶nepw kemw ]d-bp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXn-ep-Ø-a-amb hN\w
sIm≠p \nßfpw kemw ]d-bp-hn≥; As√-¶n¬ AXp-Xs∂
]I-c-ambn ]d-bp-hn≥”(4:87).
“aZy-]m-\hpw NqXp-If
- nbpw {]Xn-a]
- q-Pbpw iIp-\Z- ¿i-\h
- p-sa√mw
Aip-≤hpw ss]im-Nn-I-hp-amb I¿Ω-am-Ip-∂p. X≥\n-anØw
\nßƒ hnP-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn AXns\ h¿÷n-°p-hn≥”(5:91).
“X∂-Øm≥ NØXpw c‡hpw ]∂n-bn-d-®nbpw ssZhsamgn-

sI-bp-≈-h-cpsS t]cn¬ A¿∏n-°-s∏-´Xpw sR°n-s°m-√-s∏-

´Xpw ASn-sImt≠m hogvN-sImt≠m sImºns‚ IptØt‰m
sIm√-s∏-´Xpw ZpjvS-P-¥p-°ƒ Xn∂ptijn-®Xpw hn{K-l-
ßƒ°v _en-bn-S-s∏-´Xpw \nßƒ°v hntcm-[n-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p.
Fs¥-∂m¬ CsX√mw ih-Øns‚ hIp-∏n¬s∏´-Xm-Ip-∂p”(5:4).
“Xßƒ°v `£y-ambn
A\p-h-Zn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-sX-¥m-sW∂p Ah¿ \nt∂mSp tNmZn-
°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ ]d-bpI: \√-Xmbpw ip≤-am-bp-ap≈ kI-eXpw
\nßƒ°v A\p-h-Zn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p''(5:5). ihhpw ih-Øn\p
Xpey-amb Aip≤ km[-\-ßfpw am{X-amWv \njn-≤-am-°-s∏-
ń-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
""kZ-
p-I-fn¬ a‰p-≈-h¿°pth≠n ÿew \evIp-hm≥ \nß-tfmSv
Bh-iy-s∏-´m¬ \nßƒ \oßn-bncp∂p ÿew \evIp-hn≥.......
\nß-tfmSp Fgp-t∂ev°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-´m¬ \nßƒ Fgp-t∂‰p
sIm≈p-hn≥''(58:12). ""\n¿t±m-j-am-bXp
`£n-°p-Ibpw IpSn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp sIm≈p-hn≥; H∂nepw
Aan-XXzw Acp-Xv'' (7:32). AXm-bXv tZmj-c-ln-Xhpw hnln-X-
hp- a mb amwkhpw kky- h p- s a√mw `£n®p sIm≈p- h n≥;
F∂m¬, H∂nepw Aan-XXzw ioen-°p-Itbm ]cn[n ewLn-
°p-Itbm Acp-Xv. ""anYym kwhmZw sNø-cpXv;
Bh-iy-Øn\p sNm∆mbn kwkm-cn-°p-hn≥''(33:71).
""\nß-fpsS hkv{X-ßƒ hrØn-
bmbn sh°p-Ibpw amen-\ysØ AI-‰p-Ibpw sNøp-I' (74:5,6).
AXm-bXv, hkv{X-ßƒ hrØn-bmbn sh°p-∂-Xn\p]pd-sa, ico-
chpw hoSpw s]cp-am-dp∂ ÿehpw km[-\h- p-sa√mw ipNn-bm°n
sh°p-Ibpw th≠-Xm-Wv.
""Bh- i y- a mb ka- b -
sØm-gnsI A[nIw thK-Øntem A[nIw kmh-[m-\-Øntem
\S-°msX, \nß-fpsS \S-ØØn¬ a≤y-\n-e- ssI-s°m-≈pI;
AXp-t]mse \nß-fpsS i–w A[nIw D®-Øntem A[nIw
]Xp-°tbm B°msX CS-Ø-c-Øn-em-°p-I''(31:20).

""\nßƒ bm{X ]pd-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ
th≠ Hcp-°ß
- ƒ sNøp-hn≥; bmN-\b - n¬\n∂p c£-s∏Sp-∂Xn-
\v, th≠p∂ hgn-s®-e-hp-Iƒ FSp-Øp-sIm-≈p-I.''(2:198).
""\nßƒ kl-i-b\w sNbvXm¬ Bk-
Iew Ipfn®p ip≤n-bm-Ip-hn≥''(5:7).
""Ah-cpsS [\-Øn¬ tNmZn-°p-
∂-h¿°pw tNmZn-°m≥ hømØ Pohn-Iƒ°pw A-h-Im-i-ap-
≠v''(51:20). AXm-bXv \nßfpsS Blm-c-Øn¬\n∂v AK-Xn-
Iƒ°pw bmN-I¿°pw Zm\w sNøp-∂-Xn\p]pd-sa, Ah-k-tcm-
NnXw \mbv°ƒ°pw a‰p arK-ßƒ°pw ]£n-Iƒ°p-sa√mw
Blmcw sImSp-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv.
""\nß-fpsS c£-bn-en-cn-°p∂ A\m-Y-Isf \nßƒ hnhmlw

sNøp-∂-Xn\p hntcm-[-an√; F∂m¬, Ah¿°v \nß-f-√msX
thsd c£m-I¿Øm-°-fn-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ \nßƒ Ah-tcmSp
\ymb-hn-cp-≤-ambn {]h¿Øn-°m≥ CS-bm-Ip-sa∂p i¶-bp-s≠-
¶n¬(-c-£m-[n-Im-cn-I-fp-≈) a‰p kv{XoI-sf, Ah-tcmSp k¿∆-
hn-t[-\bpw \ymb]q¿∆w s]cp-am-dp-hm≥ km≤y-sa-¶n¬ ct≠m
aqt∂m \mtemhsc hnhmlw sNbvXpsIm≈p-I. Ah¿°n-S-
bn¬ \oXn-]m-en-°m≥ \nßƒ°p km≤y-a-s√∂p i¶-bp-s≠-
¶n¬ \nßƒ H∂psIm≠pam{Xw Xr]vXn-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-Wv............
kv{XoIƒ°v Ah-Im-iZ- m-\a - mbn Ah-cpsS hnhm-la
- qeyw \evIp-
I-bpw sNøp-hn≥''(4:4,5). Bhiyw t\cn-´m¬ _lp-`m-cyXzw
BIm-hp-∂-Xm-sW∂ A\p-hmZw ChnsS \evIn-b-tXmSpIqSn
hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ AXn-s\mcXncpw \n¿Æ-bn-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.
GI`mcy-XzsØ am{Xw \njvI¿jn-°p-∂-Xm-bm¬ AXp hy`n-
Nm-cØ
- n\p {]Nm-ca- p-≠m-bn-Øo-cm≥ CS-hc
- p-Øp-sa-∂p-≈X
- n-\m¬
_lp-`m-cy-Xz-m\p-hmZw AXym-h-iy-Iam-bn-cn-°p-∂Xpt]mse
Xs∂, AXncp \n›-bn-°mØ _lp-`m-cyXzw A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂-
Xm-bm¬ A⁄m\ImesØ k{º-Zm-b-a-\p-k-cn®p AkwJyw
`mcy-amsc kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\p CS-bp-≈XpsIm≠v AXn\pw
AXncphcp-tØ-≠Xp AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv.
Npcp-°Ø- n¬, CXmWv a\p-jys‚ imco-cn-Im-hÿ - sb Incm-
X-Øz-Øn¬\n∂p-≤c - n®p a\p-jy-Xz-tØmSpIqSn k`y-Po-hn-Xa- mbn
\nb-{¥n-°p-∂-Xn\v hni-p≤Jp¿-B≥ DZvt_m-[\w sNbvXn-cn-
°p∂ H∂m-asØ ]cn-jvI-c-W-]-≤-Xn. Cu L´-Øn¬ a\p-jy-
Øz-Øn\ptN¿∂ acym-ZI - s
- fbpw kmaqlnI PohnXapd-Is - fbpw
kw_-‘n-®-√m-sX, [m¿ΩnI Pohn-X-Øn-\m-h-iy-amb D¬°r„
k¬Kp-W-ßsf kw_-‘n-®p≈ Hcp \n¿t±-ihpw Dƒs∏-ń-ń-
√. {]hm-N-I-h-cy-\mb \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Bhn¿`m-h-
Øns‚ {]Y-a-e£yw GsXmcp P\-X-bpsS ]p\-cp-÷o-h-\-
amtWm Ah¿ hmkvX-h-Øn¬ at‰Xp {]mIrX P\-X-tb-°mfpw
Im´m-f-ØØn¬ Ihn-™p\n∂n-cp-∂XpsIm≠v Ah¿°v \mK-
cnIPohn- X - Ø n\p klm- b - I - a mb \nb- a - ß ƒ BZy- L - ´ -
Øn¬Øs∂ ]Tn-∏n-t°-≠-Xp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠mWv
hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ H∂m-a-Xmbn _mly-amb BNmcacym-Z-Ifpw
kmaq-lnI[¿Ω-ßfpw {]t_m-[\w sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
]∂n-amwkw \njn≤w
Xmsg ]d-bp∂ kwKXn {]Ir-X-Øn¬ {]tXyIw {it≤-b-
am-Wv. A`-£y-ambn hntcm-[n-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂ Hcp arK-am-Ip∂p
‘Jn≥ko¿’ AYhm ]∂n. PpKp-]vk-mh-l-amb Cu P¥p-
hns‚ amwkw \njn- ≤ - a m- s W- ∂ - X n- t e°p AXns‚ \ma-
Øn¬Øs∂ kqN- \ - b - S - ß n- b n- c n- ° p- ∂ p. ‘hfsc NoØ’
F∂¿∞- a p≈ ‘Jn≥kv’ F∂pw ‘Rm≥ ImWp∂p’
sh∂¿∞-amb "A¿' F∂pw c≠p hm°p-Iƒt®¿∂p-≠mb
kwbp-‡-]-Z-amWv "Jn≥ko¿'. At∏mƒ Cu t]cns‚ A¿∞w
‘Rm≥ AXns\ hfsc NoØ-bmbn ImWp∂p’ F∂m-bn.
Cßs\ Bcw-`-Øn¬Øs∂ ssZhw Cu P¥p-hn\psh®n-´p≈
t]cpXs∂ AXns‚ NoØØw shfn-s∏-SpØp-∂-Xm-Ip-∂p.
lnµn `mj-bn¬ Cu arK-Øn\p ]d-bp∂ "kpA¿' F∂

t]cpw CtX A¿∞w Xs∂ hnh-£n-X-am-°p-∂p-sh-∂Xpw hnNn-
{X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. Cu t]cpw "kp' F∂pw "A¿'--
F∂pw c≠p ]Z-ß-fpsS kwtbmKw sIm≠p≠mb-Xm-Ip-∂p.
Cu kwbp‡]Z-Øns‚ A¥ymw-ihpw ap≥]-d™ Ad-_n-]-Z-
Øns‚ A¥ymw-ihpw Htchm°m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xpt]mse CXnse
BZymw-i-amb "kp' i–w Ad_n]Z-Ønse BZymw-i-Øns‚
]cym-b-hp-am-Wv. C{]-Imcw Cu lnµn-]-Z-Øn-s‚bpw A¿∞w
"Rm≥ AXns\ hfsc NoØ-bmbn ImWp∂p' F∂pXs∂.
lnµn \ma-Ønse "kp' i–w Ad-_n-bm-Ip-∂-sX-ßs\ F∂p
hnkvabw tXmt∂-≠-Xn-√. Fs¥-∂m¬, Ad-_n-`m-j-bmWv
as‰√m `mj- I - f p- s Sbpw amXm- s h∂p Rm≥ Fs‚ "an\-
\p¿dlvam≥' F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬ sXfn-bn-®n-´p-≠v. Ad-_n-bnse
[mXp-]-Z-ßƒ CX-c-`m-j-I-fn-se√mw [mcm-f-ambn Ie¿∂p InS-
°p-∂p-s≠∂Xpw Hcp ]c-am¿∞-am-Wv. AXn-\m¬, "kpA¿'
i–w Ad_n Xs∂-bm-Wv. lnµn-bn¬ CXn-\p≈ Hcp ]cymbw
"_Zv' F∂m-Ip-∂p. "NoØ' F∂¿∞-amb Cu "_Zv' i–w
{]kvXpX arK-Øns‚ kw⁄-bmbpw D]-tbm-Kn®p hcp-∂p-≠v.
temI-Ønse BZn-`mj Ad-_n-bm-bn-cp∂ {]mcw-`-L-´-Øn¬
Cu arK-Øn-\p≈ "Jn≥ko¿' F∂ \ma-tØmSp Xpeym¿∞-I-
amb "kpA¿' F∂ t]cv Ad-_n-bn¬Øs∂ Cu cmPyØpw
\S-∏m-hp-Ibpw cq]-t`Zw hcmsX \mfnXphsc \ne-\n∂pt]mcp-
Ibpw sNbvX-Xm-sW∂p hnNm-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ Akmw-K-Xy-sam-
∂p-an-√. Cu \ma-t[-b-tØmSp GXm≠p kmZr-iy-ap-≈-Xmbn
ImWp∂ kwkvIr-X-]Zw CXns‚Øs∂ X¤-h-am-bn-cn-°-Ww.
{]kvXpX arK-Øn\v Cu t]cp-≠m-b-Xn-\p≈ ImcWw Cu ]Z-
Øns‚ A¿∞w sIm≠p hy‡-am-Ip-∂-Xn-\m¬ aqekw⁄
CXp-X-s∂-bm-sW∂p Xocp-am-\n-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. CXn\p
"Jn≥ko¿' F∂ ]Zw \s√mcp sXfnhpw Bbn-cn-°p-∂p-≠v.
hfsc NoØ F∂p≈ Cu ]Z-Øns‚ A¿∞w Cu P¥p-hns‚
kz`m-hØ - n\p F{Xbpw tbmPn-®X - m-sW-∂Xv kv]„-am-Wv. AXp
ImjvTw Xn∂p Pohn-°p-∂Xpw CXc arK-ß-fn¬ ImW-s∏-SmØ
Ad∏p tXm∂n-°p∂ \mWwsI´ kz`m-h-tØmSp IqSn-b-Xp-amb
arK-am-sW-∂Xp k¿∆-hn-Zn-X-hp-am-Wv. X∑qew AXns‚ amwkw
\ntcm-[n-°-s∏-´-Xns‚ ImcWw kzbw kv]jvS-am-Ip-∂p-≠v.

Cßs\ Aip-≤hpw aen-\-hp-amb arK-Øns‚ amwkw `£n-
°p-∂Xv ico-c-Øn\pw Bflm-hn\pw tZmj-I-c-ambnØocp-sa-∂p-
≈Xv Hcp {]Ir-Xn-X-Øz-am-Ip-∂p. `£-W-{Iaw B¥-cn-I-hy-h-
ÿn-Xn-sb-°qSn _m[n-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂p aptº sXfn-bn-®n-´p-≠-
t√m. AXpsIm≠v C{Xbpw NoØ- b m- b n- c n- ° p∂ H∂ns‚
êhpw NoØ-bmbnØs∂ Ccn-°p-sa∂p \nw-ibw ]d-bmw.
Cu arK-Øns‚ amwkw hninjym e÷ Ipd-bv°p-Ibpw B`m-
kØw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sN-øp-∂-Xm-sW∂v Ckveman\p
aptºbp≈ bh\ sshZyimkv{X-⁄∑m¿ A`n-{]m-bs - ∏-ń-´p-≠v.
ihw AYhm NØ-ar-K-Øns‚ amwkw `£n-°-cp-Xm-Ø-
Xm-sW∂p hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ hn[n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv, AXv ico-cm-
tcm-Ky-Øn-s\∂t]mse am\-kn-Im-tcm-Ky-Øn\pw [m¿ΩnI
t_m[-Øn\pw lm\n-Ic - a
- m-bXpsIm≠m-Wv. sR°n-s°m-∂tXm
ASn®p sIm∂tXm Bb P¥p-°-fpsS amwkhpw c‡w hm¿∂p
t]mIm- Ø - X n- \ m¬ bYm¿∞- Ø n¬ ih- Ø ns‚ C\- Ø n¬
Dƒs∏-´-Xm-Ip-∂p. NØ arK-Øns‚ icocw D≈n¬ c‡w Xßn
\nev°p-∂XpsIm≠v AXn-th-K-Øn¬ Zpjn®pt]mIp-∂p. am{X-
a-√, c‡-Ønse Pohm-Wp-°ƒ Xma-kn-bmsX Nmhp-Ibpw
D≈n¬°n-S∂p Afn-bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xn-\m¬ AXn¬\n∂p-
¤-hn-°p∂ hnj-a-b-amb Zp¿K‘w B ih-i-co-c-am-k-Iew
hym]n-°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv.
[m¿Ωn-Im-hÿ
c≠m- a sØ ]cn- j v I - c W ]≤- X n, imco- c n- I m- h - ÿ sb
[m¿ΩnI \nb-aß- s- fs°m≠p \nb-{¥n®v D¬°r-„a - mb [m¿Ωn-
Im-h-ÿ-bmbn ]cn-h¿Ø\w sNøpI F∂-Xm-Ip-∂p. Cu
[m¿ΩnI ]cn-jvI-cW hnjbw hfsc hn]p-e-X-c-amb H∂m-
Wv. CXp-kw-_-‘n®v hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ \n¿t±-in-°p∂ hyh-
ÿ-I-sfsb√mw ChnsS khn-kvXcw {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂-Xn\p ka-
bhpw ÿe-]-cn-an-Xnbpw A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂n-√. AXn-\m¬, DZm-l-
cWØn\v GXm\pw D¬°r„ [m¿ΩnIKpW-ß-sf-°p-dn®p
am{Xw ChnsS {]kvXm-hn®psIm≈mw.
[m¿ΩnIKpW-ßsf c≠mbn Xcw Xncn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv:
1. t{Zml-]-cn-Xym-K-]cw AYhm Alnw-km-fl-Iw. AXm-bXv

Btcbpw t{Zmln-°m-Xn-cn-°-Ø°\ne-bn¬ t{Zml]cn-Xym-K-
io-e-Øn\v a\p-jys\ i‡-\m-°n-Øo¿°p∂ k¬Kp-W-ßƒ.
2. ]tcm-]-Im-cm-fl-Iw. AXm-bXv Poh-Pm-e-ßƒ°v kZm KpWw
am{Xw sNøp∂ ioew hf¿Øp-∂-Xn\p a\p-jys\ {]m]vX-\m-
°n-Øo¿°p∂ KpW-ßƒ. Alnw-km-fl-I-io-e-Øn¬ \mhp-
sImt≠m ssIsImt≠m IÆpsImt≠m a‰--h -bhwsImt≠m
A\y-cpsS A`n-am-\-Ønt\m Poht\m lm\n-I-c-amb H∂pw
{]h¿Øn-°m-Xn-cn-°m\pw AXn\p Dt±-in-°pIt]mepw sNøm-
Xn-cn-°m\pw Hcp-hs\ ]cym-]vX-am-°n-Øo¿°p∂ kIe k¬Kp-
W-ßfpw Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Ip-∂p. ]tcm-]-Imcm-flI ioe-Øn-em-
Is´ \mhpsImt≠m ssIsImt≠m hnZy-sImt≠m at‰-sX-
¶nepw hn[-Øntem A\y¿°p \∑ hcp-Øp-hm≥ {ian-°p-Itbm
Ah-cpsS am\hpw aln-abpw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ DZy-an-°p-Itbm
sNøp-∂-Xn\p i‡-\m°n Xo¿°p∂ KpW-ß-sf√mw Dƒs∏-
Sp-∂p. Xs∂-bp-a-√, t{Zmln-®-h\v am∏p-sIm-SpØv Ah-\¿ln-
°p∂ imco-cn-Itam kmº-Øn-Itam Bb in£-bn¬\n∂p
Ah\p tamN\w {]m]n-°m≥ CS-bm°ns°m≠v Ah\p \∑
hcp-Øp-Itbm t{Zmln-®-h\p bYm¿∞Øn¬ Hc-\p-{K-l-ambn
`hn-°-Ø-°-hn[w in£ sImSp-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂-Xn\p km[y-
am-°p∂ KpW-ßfpw Cu hIp-∏n¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv.
Nmcn-{X-ip≤n: a\p-jys‚ hnNm-c-K-Xn-I-sfbpw AwK-hn-\ym-
k-ßsfbpw kz`m-h-Kp-W-ß-sfbpw {]tXy-I-ambn H‰-]-Z-ßƒ
sIm≠v hnh-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pam{Xw ]Z-_m-lp-ey-ap≈ Ad-_n-`m-
j-bn¬, Alnw-kmflI kz`m-hsØ kºm-Zn-°p-∂X - n\p ssZhw
\n¿t±-in®n´p≈ [m¿ΩnIKpW-ßƒ \mep {]tXyI \ma-ß-
fm-emWv hnh-cn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ch-bn¬ H∂m-a-tØ-Xn\v
"Clvkzm≥' (Nm-cn-{X-ip-≤n) F∂p t]¿ \evIn-bn-cn-°p-
∂p. Cu ]Zw, kv{Xo]pcp-j∑m-cpsS k¥m-t\mev]m-Z\ i‡n-
Isf kw_-‘n-®p≈ ]cn-ip-≤-Xsb Ipdn-°p∂ H∂m-Wv. ]pcp-
js\ "aplvkzn≥' (-kp-N-cn-{X≥) Ft∂m kv{Xosb
"aplvkzn\' (kp-N-cn-{X) Ft∂m ]d-bp-∂-Xv, c≠p t]¿°pw
Cl- Ø n¬ A]- a m- \ hpw \mihpw ]c- t em- I Øp `b- ¶ c
in£bpw AXn\p ]pdsa _‘p- ° ƒ°v am\- l m- \ nbpw

\jvShpw D≠m-°n-Øo¿°p∂ hy`n-Nm-c-Øn¬\n∂pw AXns‚
k∂m-lß - f- n¬\n∂pw AI∂v k®-cn-Xc - m-bn-cn-°p-tºm-gm-Ip-∂p.
Hcp-h≥ A\ys‚ `mcy-bp-ambn A\m-im-ky-_‘w ]pe¿Øp-
Itbm hy`n-Nm-c-Øn-\p≈ Hcp°ßƒ sNøp-Itbm sNbvX-
Xmbn shfn-s∏-Sp∂ ]£w AXn\p A\p-Iq-en® kv{Xosb A`n-
am-\n-bmb `¿Ømhv hnhm-l-tam-N\w sNbvXp ]ncn-®-b-t°-≠n-
h-cp-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. Ahƒ°v k¥m-\-ß-fp-≠m-bn-´p-s≠-¶n¬
Ah¿°p XΩn¬ hntbm-Khpw X∑qew Krl-Øn¬ Ak-am-[m-
\hpw D≠m-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xp-am-bn-cn-°pw. Krl-ÿ≥ Cu I„\„-
ß-sf√mw B hnS≥ tlXp-hm-bn-´m-bn-cn°pw A\p-`-hn-t°≠n
hcp-I.
"Clvkzm≥' AYhm Nmcn-{X-ip≤n F∂ KpWw
bYm¿∞ [m¿ΩnIKpW-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂Xv Zp¿t∂m-´w, Zp¿hrØn
F∂o A]cm-[-ßƒ {]h¿Øn-°m-\p≈ i‡n {]Ir-Xn-Z-Ø-
am-bn-´p-≈-h≥ B hI \nµy-Ir-Xy-ß-fn¬\n∂p kzta-[bm
AI∂p\nev°p∂ Ah-ÿ-bn-em-Wv. F∂-√msX Cfw{]mbw
sImt≠m [mXp-£-b-Ømtem \]pw-k-IXzwsImt≠m {]mbm-
[nIyw Imc-W-am-bnt´m Hcp-h\p i‡n-bn-s√∂p hcp-In¬
Ahs‚ hnj-b-hn-c-‡nsb "Clvkzm≥' (Nm-cn-{X-ip-≤n) F∂
[m¿ΩnIKpW-ambn hnNm-cn-°m-hp-∂-X-√. adn-®v, AXp Ahs‚
kzm`m-hnI Ah-ÿ-bm-sW-∂mWv ]d-tb-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu
kzm`m-hn-Im-h-ÿsb [m¿ΩnIKpWambn ]cn-K-Wn-°m-hp-∂-X-
s√∂p aptº hnh-cn-®n-´p-≠-t√m. kl-Pm-X-Kp-W-ßƒ hnth-N-
\-_p-≤n-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ Ah-k-tcm-NnXw shfn-s∏-Sp-Itbm
bYm-hn[n shfn-s∏-Sp-hm≥ i‡-ß-fmbn `hn-°p-Itbm sNøp-
∂-Xm-bm¬ am{X-ta, Ah [m¿ΩnIKpW-ß-fm-bn-Øo-cp-∂p-≈q.
AXn-\m¬, aptº {]kvXm-hn®{]Imcw {]mbw XnI-bm-Ø-hcpw
[mXp-i‡n hn\-„-am-b-hcpw \]pw-k-Icpw {]Xy-£-Øn¬ Ima-
hn-Im-c-hn-c-‡-cmbn Nmcn-{XtØmSpIqSn Pohn®pt]mcp-∂-Xm-
bmepw Ah¿ Nmcn-{X-ip-≤n-bm-Ip∂ [m¿ΩnIKpW-Øn\p A[n-
Im-cn-I-fm-Ip-∂n-√. Ah-cpsS t`mK-hn-c-‡-`m-hsØ i‡n-bpsS
A`m-h-Øn-ep≈ kzm`m-hn-Im-h-ÿ-bm-sW-∂-√msX k¬Kp-W-
am-sW∂p ]d-bm-\m-hp-I-bn-√.
Nmcn-{XsØ `RvPn-°p∂ \nµy-I¿Ωhpw X¬km-l-N-cy-
ßfpw ]pcp-j∑m-cn¬ \ns∂-∂-t]mse kv{XoI-fn¬\n∂pw
D≠m-Im-hp∂Xmb-Xn-\m¬ hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ Ccp-Iq-´¿°pw
Xmsg ]dbpw {]Im-c-ap≈ Iev]-\-Iƒ \evIn-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.
""hnizm-kn-I-tfm-Sv, Ah-cpsS ZrjvSn-Isf ]ckv{Xo Z¿i-\-

Øn¬\n∂p XS-bp-Ibpw Ima-hn-Imcw P\n-°m≥ Imc-Wa - m-Ip∂
kv{XoI-fpsSt\sc t\m°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-amdv Xß-fpsS
t\m´-ßsf Iogvt∏m´v ]Xn-∏n-°p-hm\pw Xß-fpsS cl-ky-ÿm-
\-ßsf \n¿∫m[w kq£n-°p-hm\pw Aßs\Xs∂ Xß-fpsS
I¿Æ-]p-Sß - sf A\y-kv{Xo-If - psS a[p-cK - m-\ß
- fpw arZpe i_vZ-
ßfpw irwKmc IY-Ifpw {ihn-°p-∂-Xn¬\n∂v XS-bp-hm\pw
]d-bpI; CXv ZrjvSn-Is - fbpw I¿Æ-]p-Sß - s - fbpw ]cn-ip-≤a - m°n
sh°p-∂X - n-\p≈ DØ-aa- m¿§-am-Ip-∂p..... A{]-ImcwXs∂ hnizm-
kn- \ n- I - t fmSpw, Ah- c psS t\{X- ß sf ]c- ] p- c pj Z¿i- \ -
Øn¬\n∂p XS-bp-hm\pw hnj-b-hn-ImcP\y-ß-fmb `mj-W-
ßsf {ihn-°m-Xn-cn-°phm\pw Xß-fpsS cl-ky-ÿm-\-ßsf
\n¿∫m[w ImØpc£n-°m\pw Xß-fpsS kuµ-cy-sØ, kzbw
shfn-s∏-Sp-∂s
- Xm-gn-sI-bp≈ `mKsØ A\y¿°v shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm-
Xn-cn-°p-hm\pw Xß-fpsS amdn-S-ßfpw sNhn-Ifpw sN∂n-Ifpw
inc-p-Ifpw B—m-Zn-°-s∏-S-Ø°-hn-[-Øn¬ ]pX-∏p-Iƒ amdn-
SØpIqSn Xe-bn¬ [cn-°p-hm-\pw \¿ØIn-I-sf-t∏mse ]mZ-
ßƒ \ne-Ø-Sn®p \S-°m-Xn-cn°phm\pw ]d-bp-I. CXmWv Nmcn-
{X-{`w-isØ XSp-°p-hm-\p≈ Hcp am¿§w. c£{]m]n-°p-∂-Xn-
\p≈ as‰mcp hgn, ssZh-Øn-te°v Xncn-bp-Ibpw kI-e-hn[
hogvN-bnepw Nm]-ey-Ønepw\n∂p≈ c£-bv°mbn {]m¿∞n-
°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂-Xm-Ip-∂p''(24:31,32).
""\nßƒ hy`n- N m-
csØ kao-]n-°c - p-Xv' (17:33). AXm-bX- v, B hnNmcw Df-hm-°m≥
CS-bp≈ kµ¿`-ßf - n¬\n∂pw B ]m]w kw`-hn-t®-bv°p-sa∂p
i¶-bp≈ hgn-I-fn¬\n∂pw AI-∂n-cn-°p-hn≥; hy`n-Nmcw
tLmc-X-c-amb A]-cm-[-am-Ip∂p; AXv hj-fmb am¿§-hp-am-Ip-
∂p. AXm-b-Xv, AXp e£yÿm\sØ AI-‰n-°-f-bp-∂Xpw
A`n-e-jn-X-amb ]q¿Æ-Xbv°v lm\n-I-c-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-a-s{X.
""hnhmlw sNøm≥ km[n-°m-Ø-
h¿ {hXm-\pjvTm\wsImt≠m `£W eLq-I-cWw aptJ-\tbm
ITn\{]bXv\-Ømtem Nmcn{Xw kwc-£n®psIm≈-s´'' (24:34).
""hnhm-l-c-ln-X-amb Pohn-Xtam jfi-Xztam Ah-ew-_n®p

Nne¿ kw\ym-k-[¿Ωw kzoI-cn-°p-∂p. AXns\ Ah¿ \qX-\-
ambn Bcw-`n-®-Xm-Wv. \mw AXns\ Ah¿°p I¿Ø-hy-ambn
hn[n-®n-cp-∂n-√........ X≥aqew Cu \qX\ k{º-Zm-bsØ Ah¿°v
]q¿Æ-ambpw A\p-jvTm-\-Øn¬ hcp-Øp-hm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-
√''(57:28).
""P\-ßƒ jfiXzw Ah-ew-_n-°p-Itbm kw\ymkw kzoI-
cn-°p-Itbm sNøp-hm≥ ssZhw Iev]n-®n-ń-s√∂p hnip≤Jp¿-
B≥ ChnsS \ntj-[n-®p-sIm≠v kqNn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv, Aßs\
Ah≥ Iev]n-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ kI-e-P-\-ßfpw AX-\p-k-cn®p
{]h¿Øn-°m≥ _m≤y-ÿ-cm-hp-Ibpw Xev^-e-ambn a\p-jy-
h¿§-Øns‚ k¥m-t\m¬]m-Z\ {Inb \ne®v hfsc aptºXs∂

temIw Ah-km-\n®pt]mhp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-am-bn-cp∂p
F∂m-Wv. Xs∂-bp-a-√, Nmcn-{XsØ ]men-°p-∂-Xn\p P\-t\-
{µn-bsØ \in-∏n-°pI XpS-ßnb am¿§-ßsf Ah-ew-_n-°p-I-
bm-sW-¶n¬ AXv B Ah-bhw {]Zm\w sNbvX kr„n-I¿Øm-
hns‚ t\sc-bp≈ Hsc-Xn¿∏p-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. i‡n-bp-≠m-
bn-cns° Hcp-h≥ ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ `b-`‡n \nanØw Zpjvt{]-
c-W-I-sfbpw Zp¿hn-Im-c-ß-sfbpw Pbn-®-S-°p-∂-Xn-emWv ]pWy-
an-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Aßs\ Ah≥ Xs‚ i‡nsb bYm-ÿm-\Øp
D]-tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw Aÿm-\Øv {]tbm-Kn-°msX XS™p
\ndpØp-Ibpw sNøp-∂XpsIm≠v c≠phn[w ]pWy-Øn\p Ah-
Im-in-bm-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. Xs‚ C{µnbi‡nsb \in-∏n®p If-bp-
∂-h-\m-Is´ Cu c≠pXcw KpW-ßfpw \jvS-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xm-
Wv. i‡n-bpsS km∂n-[y-Øn¬ Df-hm-Ip∂ Zpjvt{]-c-W-Isf
FXn¿Øp Pbn-°p-∂XpsIm≠mWv ]pWyw e`n-°p-am-dm-Ip-∂-
Xv. F∂m¬, {]mb-]q¿Øn hcmØ _me-I-s\-t∏m-se, GsXm-
cp-h-\n¬ Cu i‡n C√m-Xn-cn-°p-∂pthm Ah\p F¥p ]pWyw
e`n-°p-hm-\mWv? Ah-\m-Is´ Zp¿hn-Im-cß
- sf Pbn-®S- °
- p-Itbm
kzi-‡nsb bYm-ÿm-\Øp D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-Itbm sNøp-
hm-\p≈ Ah-kcw D≠m-Im-Ø-Xn-\m¬ X’w-_-‘-amb ]pWy-
^-ehpw e`n-°p-∂-X-√.
taep-≤-cn® Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-ßƒ Nmcn{Xw (C-lvkzm≥)
F∂ [m¿ΩnI KpWw kºm-Zn-°p-∂-Xn\v D¬°r-jvS-amb D]-
tZiw AS-°n-s°m-≈p-∂p-sh∂p am{X-a-√, Cu k¬KpWw a\p-
jy-\n¬ \n¿_m[w \ne-\n-dp-Øp-am-dm-Ip-∂-Xn\p A©p-]m-bw-
ImWn®p Xcp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. AXm-bXv 1. ]pcp-j≥
]c-kv{Xo-I-sf-sb-∂-t]mse kv{Xo, ]pcp-j≥am-scbpw Z¿in-°p-
∂-Xn¬\n∂v ZrjvSn-Isf XS-bp-I. 2 . hnIm-c-P-\y-amb a[p-c-kz-
c-{i-h-W-Øn¬\n∂v I¿Æ-]p-S-ßsf \nb-{¥n-°p-I. 3. irwKm-
c-I-Y-Iƒ tIƒ°m-Xn-cn-°p-I. 4. Zp¿hr-Øn°v t{]c-I-am-hp∂
kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ \ns∂√mw AI∂p \nev°p-I. 5. Ahn-hm-
ln-X¿ D]-hm-k-a-\p-jvTn-°p-I.
Nmcn-{X-`-{Z-X-bv°mbn ta¬{]kvXm-hn-°-s∏´ C—m-\n-tcm[
k{º-Zm-b-ß-tfmSpIqSnb D¬°r-„amb D]-tZiw hnip≤ Jp¿-

B-\n¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂Xv Ckveman-\p-ff khn-ti-
j-X-bm-sW∂p \n¿∆n-i¶w ]d-bmw. ChnsS Hcp kwKXn
{]tXyIw A\p-kva-c-Wo-b-am-Wv. Ima-hn-Im-c-ß-fpsS Dd-hn-S-am-
bn- c n- ° p- ∂ Xpw ]cn- ] q¿Æ- a mb ]cn- h ¿Ø\wsIm≠- √ msX
hns´m-gn-bm≥ Akm-≤y-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-amb a\p-jys‚ {]Ir-
Xym-ep≈ C—, kµ¿`hpw kuI-cyhpw e`n-°p-tºmƒ Fcn-hp-
sIm-≈p-Ibpw Ahs\ A]-I-S-Øn¬ NmSn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-
Xm- W v . AXn- \ m- e t{X k¿∆- ⁄ - \ mb ssZhw, kZp- t ±- i y-
tØmSpIqSn-bm-sW-¶n¬ ]c-kv{Xo-Isf t\m°n-°m-Wm-sat∂m
Ah-cpsS kuµ-cy-ßsf Z¿in-°m-sat∂m Ah-cpsS \rØ\mSy-
ßfpw a‰pw I≠p ckn-°m-sat∂m A\p-hmZw \evIm-Xn-cp-∂-
Xv. A\ykv{XoI-fpsS a[p-c-Km-\-ßfpw irwKm-c-I-Y-Ifpw kZzn-
Nm-c-tØm-Sm-bm¬ {ihn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-sW∂p ]Tn-∏n-°m-Xn-cp-
∂Xpw AXp-sIm≠pXs∂-bm-Wv. adn®p kZzn-Nm-c-tØmSp IqSn-
bm-bmepw Zp¿hn-Nm-c-tØmSp IqSn-bm-bmepw Ah-cpsS a[p-c-Km-
\-ßfpw irwKm-c-I-Y-Ifpw tIƒ°-cp-sX-∂mWv hnip≤ Jp¿-
B≥ i‡n-bmbn D]-tZ-in-®n-cn-°p-∂X - v. AXp-sIm≠v \mw Imen-
Sdn hogm-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn\p Ah-cpsS kuµ-cy-Z¿i-\hpw Ah-
cpsS a[p-c-kz-c-{i-h-Whpw a\km shdp-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
Fs¥-∂m¬, A\n-b-{¥n-X-amb ZrjvSn-{]-t£]w k∑m¿§-{`w-
i-Øn\p Imc-W-am-Ip-sa-∂Xp \n-tµ-l-am-Wv. \ΩpsS IÆpw
Icfpw kZm ]mh-\-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn\mbn-´t{X A\y-kv{Xo-Isf
t\m°-cp-sX-∂p≈ Cu al-Ømb D]-tZiw \evIn-bn-cn-°p-∂-
Xv. hni∂ ]ń-bpsS ap∂n¬ \√ A∏w sh®psImSp-Øn´v
AXn\p A∏-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ hnNmcw t]mep-ap-≠m-I-cp-sX∂v
\mw Icp-Xp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXv ho¨hn-Nmcw am{X-am-bn-cn-°pw.
AXn-\m¬, hnj-bm-k‡n°v KqV-amb hym]-c-Øn-\p≈ Ah-
kcw sImSp-°m-Xn-cn-°m\pw Zp¿hn-Im-cØ - n\p Ne-\a- p-≠m-°p∂
Hcp Imcyhpw t\cn-Sm-Xn-cn-°m-\p-amWv hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ Dt±-
in-°p-∂-Xv.
kv{XoIƒ°v Ckvemw \n›-bn-®n-cn-°p∂ "]¿Z' AYhm
"ad'-bpsS XØz-c-lkyw ta¬∏-d-™XpXs∂-bm-Wv. ssZh-
Øns‚ ]cn-ip≤{KŸ-amb Jp¿-B\ - n¬ Cu adsb kw_-‘n®p

sNbvXpImWp∂ hyh-ÿ-bpsS Xm¬]cyw kv{XoIsf XS-hp-
]p- ≈ n- I - s f- t ∏mse hoSp- I - f n¬ AS- ® n- S - W - s a- ∂ - X - √ . AXv
CkvemanIm-≤ym-]\ - ß
- s - f-°p-dn®v Adn-hn-√mØ A⁄∑mcpsS
A`n-{]m-b-a-s{X. F∂m¬, Ckvemw \n¿t±-in-°p∂ "]¿Z' k{º-
Zm-b-Øns‚ Dt±iyw kv{Xo]pcp-j∑m-cpsS kz—-µ-amb ]ckv]c
ho£-Whpw kuµ-cy-{]-Z¿i-\hpw XS-bpI F∂p-≈-Xm-Wv. Cu
k{º-Zmbw D`-b-I-£n°pw KpW-{]-Z-am-Ip-∂p. Z¿i-\-tbm-Ky-ß-
fm-bh am{Xw t\m°n-°m-Wp-Ibpw A\p-Nn-X-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬
ZrjvSn ]Xn-∏n-°msX \n{Zm-WZ- r-jvSnXzw ioen-°p-Ibpw sNøpI
F∂-Xn\v Ad-_n-bn¬ "K¬fp¬_kz¿' (t\m-´-ßƒ Iogvt∏m-
´m-°p-I) F∂p ]d-bp-∂p-sh-∂Xpw ChnsS A\p-kva-c-Wo-b-am-
Wv. lrZbw ]cn-ip-≤a - m-°n-sh®psIm≈p-∂X - n\p B{K-ln-°p∂
Hcp `‡n-am¿§nbpw arK-ß-sf-t∏mse tXm∂p∂ Zn°n-te-
s°√mw Zr„n ]mbn-°m-Xn-cn-t°-≠Xp AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. Xs∂-
bp-a√
- , Abmƒ Cu \mK-cnI Pohn-XØ - n¬ ZrjvSn-Iƒ Iogvt]m´v
]Xn-∏n-°p∂ ioew ssIs°m-t≈-≠-Xp-am-Wv. Cu «mLy-ioew
kmaqlnI hyh-lm-cnI _‘-ßƒ ]pe¿Øp-∂-Xn\v Hcp hn[-
Ønepw {]Xn-_-‘-am-hp-I-bn-√. adn-®p, CXp-aqew Abm-fpsS
Hcp kl-PmX kz`mhw D¬°r„ [m¿ΩnI KpW-ambn ]cn-W-
an-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-I. AXmWv "Clvkzm≥' AYhm Nmcn-{X-`-
{ZX F∂p ]d-bp∂ «mL-\o-b-amb [m¿ΩnI KpWw.
hniz-kvXX: Alnw-km-flI kz`m-hß - f
- psS C\-Øn¬s∏´
c≠m-asØ k¬Kp-W-Øn\v Ad-_n-bn¬ ‘Aam-\Øv’ F∂pw
"Znbm-\Øv' F∂pw ]d-bp-∂p. CXn\p ‘hniz-kvXX’ Ft∂m
‘\njvIf- ¶
- X’ Ft∂m A¿∞w hnh-£n-Xam°mw. CXv A\ys‚
apX¬ h©- \ - b mtem A\ym- b - a mtbm ssIh- i - s ∏- S pØn
Ahs\ t{Zmln-°m≥ A\p-Iq-en-°mØ Hcp at\m-`m-h-am-Ip-
∂p. Cu KpWw a\p-jy\p P∑-kn-≤a - m-bp≈ Hch-ÿb - m-sW∂p
kq£v-am-h-tem-I\w sNøp-tºmƒ ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Zpz-`m-
h-ßƒ°v hi-K-am-hmØ ip≤{]Ir-Xn-tbmSpIqSnb kvX\y-
]m\n-bmb inip A\ys‚ hkvXp-hn¬ hnc‡n {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-
amdv Xs‚ X≈-b-√mØ GXv kv{Xobp-sSbpw ape-Ip-Sn-°p-∂-
Xn\p ssha-\kyw Im´p-∂p. inip-hn\p kpt_m[w D≠m-bn-h-
cp-∂-Xn\p aptº [m{Xnsb G¿s∏-Sp-Øm-Ø-]-£w, icn-bmb

t_m[w DW¿∂p Ign-™m¬]ns∂ AXn\p A\ykv{XobpsS
ape-Ip-Sn-∏n-°pI hf-tc-tbsd hnj-a-I-c-am-bn-cn-°pw. Ipń Xs‚
Cu A`n- \ n- t hiw \nanØw Gsd t¢iw kln- ° p- I bpw
hni∏psIm≠p Atß-b‰w I„s∏-Sp-thmfw A\ykv{XobpsS
ape-∏m¬ shdp-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xp ImWmw. C{X-tbsd
hnc‡n ImWn-°p-∂-Xns‚ cl-ky-sa-¥m-bn-cn-°Ww? kz¥w
AΩ-bp-tS-X-√mØ a‰m-cp-sSbpw hkvXp-hns\ B{K-ln-°m-Ø-
hn-[-Øn¬ A\y-am-b-Xn-s\-sb√mw {]IrXym shdp-°p∂p F∂-
X-√msX as‰m-∂p-a√ B clkyw! inip-hns‚ Cu ip≤ {]Ir-
Xn-sb-°p-dn®v Ah-KmVw Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw AXns‚ Bg-Øn-
te°v Npgn™p sN√p-Ibpw sNøp-∂X - m-bm¬, A\ys‚ hkvXp-
hns‚ t\¿°v shdp∏p ImWn®p kzbw IjvSX hcn-°p∂ Cu
kz`mhw "hniz-kvXX' As√-¶n¬ "\njvI-f-¶X' F∂p t]¿
sNøm-hp∂ [m¿ΩnI KpW-Øns‚ aqe-cq-]-am-sW∂p t_m[y-
s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv. A\ys‚ hkvXp-h-I-Isf kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw
Cu inip- h n- s ‚Xpt]mep≈ bYm¿∞- a mb hnc- ‡ - ` mhw
Hcphs‚ lrZ-b-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-Øo-cm-Xn-cn-°p-t∂-S-tØmfw
Imew Ah≥ Cu hniz-kvX-Xm-Kp-W-Øn¬ Bflm¿∞-X-bp-≈-
h-\m-bn-Øo-cp-I-bn-√. F∂m¬, inip hnc‡n {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-
∂Xp bYm¿ltam hnth-N\ bp‡tam Bb Xc-Øn-√-√m-Ø-
Xn-\m¬ AXns‚ B IrXyw Hcp [m¿ΩnI KpW-am-Ip-∂n√;
AXp shdpw kzm`m-hnI t{]c-W-bm-ep≈ hnth-I-]q¿∆-a-√mØ
{]hr-Øn-bm-b-Xn-\m¬ inip hrYm IjvS-a-\p-`-hn-°p-am-dm-Ip-∂p.
F¶nepw Cu kzm`m-hnIt_m[w Xs∂-bmWv hniz-kvXX
F∂pw \njvI-f-¶X F∂pw ]d-bm-hp∂ "Aam-\Øv' F∂
D¬°rjvS [m¿ΩnIKpW-Øns‚ Dd-hn-Sw. inip AXns‚ hnth-
N\ _p≤n-tbm-Sp-Iq-SmØ tNjvSnXw Imc-W-ambn \oXntbm
hniz-kvX-Xtbm D≈ D¬°rjvS [¿Ωn-bmbn IW-°m-°-s∏-
Sm-Xn-cn-°p-∂t]mse-Ø-s∂, Cu kz`m-h-kn-≤-amb t_m[sØ
hnth- N - \ - _ p≤ym bYm¿lw {]tbm- K - s ∏- S p- Ø mØ {]mb-
]q¿Øn h∂-bmfpw Cu hninjvS k¬Kp-W-Øm¬ ]cn-th-jn-
X-\mbn Icp-X-s∏-Sm-hp-∂-X-√. hniz-kvX\pw kXy-hm\pw Bbn-
cn-°pI £n{]-km-≤y-amb Imcy-a-√. hniz-kvX-X-bpsS hnhn[
hi-ßsf ]q¿Æ-ambpw A\p-h¿Øn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-t∂-S-tØmfw

Bcpw bYm¿∞-Øn¬ hniz-kvX\pw kXy-hm\pw Bbn-Øo-cp-
∂n-√. Cu k¬kz`m-h-Øns‚ kwkvIm-c-Øn-∂mbn hnip≤
Jp¿-B≥ \n¿t±-in-®n-cn-°p∂ am¿§w Xmsg D≤cn-°p∂ hmIy-
ß-fm¬ ZrjvSm¥o-I-cn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. AXmbXv.
""\nß-fn-ep-ff A\m-Y-°p-ń-Itfm bp‡-h-b-m-Im-Ø-htcm

Bb hnthI-_p≤n ]Iz-am-ImØ kzØp-S-a-ÿ¿ Ah-cpsS
Imcy-£-a-X-bn-√mbva aqew kzØv \in-∏n®p If-bp-sa∂p i¶-
bp-s≠-¶n¬ \nßƒ B kzsØ√mw c£m-[n-Im-cn-bpsS (tIm¿´v
Hm^v hm¿Uvkn-s‚) \nebv°v ssIhiw sh°p-Ibpw I®-h-S-
®-c-°mbpw D]-Po-h-\-am¿§-am-bpap≈ hkvXp-h-I-Iƒ Ah¿°p
Gev]n®p sImSp°m-sX, Ah-cpsS Blm-c-Øn\pw hkv{X-
Øn\pw Bh-iy-ap≈ sNe-hp-am{Xw sImSp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp
sIm≈pI; Ah¿°v {]tbm-P-\-I-c-amb \√ D]-tZiw ]d™p
sImSp-°p-Ibpw sNøp-hn≥(-AX - m-bX
- v, Ah-cpsS _p≤nbpw [mc-
Wm-i-‡nbpw Xo£v-W-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xpw, Ah¿ A⁄cpw
A]-Sp-°fpw Bbn-cn-°msX Xß-fpsS ÿnXn-Iƒ°v tbmKy-
amb ]Tn-Ø-ap-≈-h-cm-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xp-amb Xc-Øn¬ Ah¿°p
D]-tZiw \evIp-I-bpw, hym]m-cn-bpsS a°-fm-sW-¶n¬ Ahsc
I®-hS- a
- p-dI- ƒ A`y-kn-∏n-°p-Ibpw a‰p h√ sXmgn¬-°m-cs- ‚bpw
k¥m-\-ß-fm-sW-¶n¬ B sXmgn-en¬ kma¿∞y-ap-≈-h-cm-°n-
Øo¿°p-Ibpw sNøp-hn≥). \nßƒ Ah¿°p A`y-k\w \evIp-
∂-tXm-sSm∏w Ah¿ AXns\ icn-bmbn {Kln-®n-´pt≠m F∂p
t\m°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn´p CS-°nsS Ahsc ]co-£n®psIm≠n-cn-
°p-hn≥. ]n∂oSv Ah¿°v hnhm-l-Øn\v A¿l-X-bp-≠m-bn°-
gn-™m¬ (D-t±iw ]Xn-s\´p hbp {]mb-am-bm¬) Xß-fpsS
hkvXp-h-I-Iƒ sIm≠p\S-°p-∂-Xn\v hnth-I-hpw, {]m]vXnbpw
Ah¿°p-≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn \nßƒ ImWp-∂-]£w, Ah-
cpsS hkvXp-h-I-Iƒ Ah¿°pXs∂ Gev∏n®psImSp-°p-hn≥.
Ah-cpsS apX¬ \nßƒ Zp¿hybw sNø-cp-Xv. {]mb-]q¿Øn
h∂m¬ Ah¿ kzØv Xncn®p hmßn-°-f-bp-sa∂ òXn-bm¬
\nßƒ Ah-cpsS kzØn\p \jvSw hcp-Ønsh°m-Xn-cn-°p-hn≥.
c£m-[n-Imcn kº-∂-\m-sW-¶n¬ Ah-cpsS kzØn¬\n∂v
Abmƒ Xs‚ tkh-\-Øn\v {]Xn-^-e-ambn H∂pw FSp-°m-Xn-
cn-°s´; F∂m¬, Zcn-{Z-\m-sW-¶n¬ \ymb-amb {]Xn-êw ]‰m-
hp-∂-Xm-Wv. (c-£m-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ Xß-fpsS kwc-£W--bn-ep≈
A\m-Y-Ip-ń-I-fpsS kzØn¬\n∂v kz{]-bXv\ êw FSp-°m≥
hnNm-cn-°p∂ ]£w, aqe-[-\sØ kv]¿in-°mØ hn[-Øn¬
AXns‚ ssIImcywsIm≠p e`n-°p∂ BZm-b-Øn¬\n∂p
FSpØp t]mcpI F∂ k{º-Zmbw Ad-_n-I-fpsS CS-bn¬ \S-
∏p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Cßs\ \ymb-amb hn[-Øn¬ {]bXv\aqeyw
ssI∏-‰p-hm≥ ]mSp-s≠-∂p≈ A\p-⁄-bmWv Cu hmIyw
\evIn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv). ""\nßƒ A\m-Y¿°p Ah-cpsS hkvXp-
°ƒ km£n-Iƒ apJm-¥cw Gev∏n®p sImSp-°p-hn≥; A√mlp
\nß-fpsS {Inb-Isf ]q¿Æ-ambpw IW-°n-Sp-∂-h-\m-Ip-∂p...
Cfw-{]m-b° - mcpw Zp¿_-ec- p-amb k¥m-\ß- f
- p-≈h
- ¿ acWw ASp-
Øm¬, B Ipń-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-Øn\p lm\n hcm-Xn-cn-°-Ø-
°-hÆw ac-W-im-k\w \evtI-≠-Xm-Wv. A\ym-b-ambn A\m-
Y-cpsSapX¬ `£n-°p-∂-h¿ Btcm Ah¿ A·n-bmWv Xß-
fpsS hb-‰n-em-°p-∂Xv; HSp-°w, Ah¿ IØn-bm-fp∂ A·n-
bn¬ sN∂p tNcp-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw.(4:6,7-˛10,11)
hniz- k v X - X m- [ ¿Ω- Ø ns‚ GsX√mw hi- ß - s f- b mWv
hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ D]-cyp‡ hmIy-ß-fn¬ Dƒs°m-≈n-®n-cn-

°p-∂-sX∂p t\m°p-I. hnhn[ hi-ß-tfmSpIqSnb Cu kXy-
\n-jvTsb ]men-°p-I-bmWv bYm¿∞-amb hniz-kvX-X. hnth-
N\ _p≤n-tbmSpIqSn hniz-kvX-X-bpsS \m\m-ap-J-ß-sfbpw
e£y-am-°n-s°m≠p {]h¿Øn-°m-Ø-]-£w, AXn-∂Sn-bn¬
Hfn™pInS- ° p∂ hnizmkh©- \ - b psS hI- t `- Z - ß - f n¬
\ns∂√mw Hgn™p \njvI-f-¶X ]men-°m≥ km[n-°p-I-bn-√.
hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ ho≠pw ]d-bp∂p:
""\nß-fpsS apX-ep-Iƒ A\ym-b-amb \ne-bn¬ \nßƒ ]c-

kv]cw Xn∂-cp-Xv. A\y-cpsS kzØn-semcp`mKw \ymb-hn-cp-≤-
ambn ssIh- i - s ∏- S p- Ø p- ∂ - X n\pth≠n \nßƒ A[n- I m- c -
ÿ¿°p tImg -sIm-Sp-°p-I-bp-a-cp-Xv''(2:189).
""hnizm-km¿∏nX hkvXp-
°ƒ Ah-bpsS DS-a-ÿ¿°v Xncn-t®ev∏n®p sImSp-°p-∂-Xn\p
A√mlp \nß-tfmSv A\p-im-kn-°p-∂p''(4:59).
""\n›-b-ambpw A√mlp hnizm-k-h-©-
Isc kvt\ln-°p-∂n-√' (8:59).
""\nßƒ
Af∂p sImSp-°p-tºmƒ IrXy-ambn Af∂p sImSp-°p-Ibpw
Xq°n-s°m-Sp-°p-tºmƒ icn-bmb Xpem-p-sIm≠v Xq°n-s°m-
Sp-°p-Ibpw sNøp-hn≥''(17:36).
""Hcp hn[-
Ønepw P\-ßƒ°v Ah-cpsS hkvXp-°-fn¬ Ipdhp sNø-cp-Xv.
Zpcp-t±-iy-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-cm-bn´v AXm-b-Xv, tNmc-W-Ønt\m
Ih¿®bvt°m Ioim-]-l-c-W-Ønt\m at‰-sX-¶nepw am¿t§W
A\y- c psS apX¬ ssIb- S - ° p∂- X nt\m Dt±- i n- ® - h - c m- b n´v ,
\nßƒ `qan-bn¬ k©-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-hn≥'' (26:184).
" \nßƒ \√ km[-\-ßƒ°p]Icw

NoØ km[-\-ßƒ sImSp-°-cpXv' (4:3). AXm-b-Xv, A\y-cpsS
hkvXp-h-I-Iƒ A]-l-cn-s®-Sp-°p-∂-Xp-t]mseXs∂, sIm≈-
cp-XmØ km[-\-ßƒ hnev°p-Itbm \√-Xn\p ]Icw NoØ-
bm-bXp sImSp-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂Xpw A\ym-b-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-
Xm-Wv.
{]kvXpX hmIy-ß-fn¬ hnizm-k-`w-K-Øns‚ kIe hi-
ßfpw AS°n hnh-cn-°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. h©-\-bpsS Hcp hI-t`-Z-
sØbpw Hgn®phnSmØhn[w kw]q¿Æ-amb hnh-cW - a
- mWv Ah-
bn-e-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. tamjWw sNø-cpXv F∂p am{Xw hntcm-
[n-°p-I-bmWv sNbv-X-sX-¶n¬, AsXm-gn-®p≈ as‰√m Ahn-
ln-Xhpw A\ym-b-hp-amb A]-l-cW k{º-Zm-b-ßfpw hnln-
X-ß-fmbn A⁄-∑m¿ [cn-t®-°m-\n-S-bp-≠-t√m. AXp-sIm-
≠mWv kIehn[ A]-l-c-WsØbpw A\ym-b-amb ssIIm-
cy-sØbpw hntcm-[n®psIm≠v hym]-Im¿∞-ß-fmb hmN-I-
ßƒ {]bp-‡a - m-bn-cn-°p-∂X
- v. Npcp-°Ø
- n¬ Hcp-h≥ Xs‚ hniz-
kvXXm kz`m-hsØ AXns‚ kI-e-h-i-ß-sfbpw ap≥\n-dpØn
bp‡n hnth-N-\-]q¿∆w {]Im-in-∏n-°m-sX, Nne Imcy-ß-fn¬
am{Xw hniz-kvXX ImWn-°p-∂-Xm-bm¬ AXp bYm¿∞-Øn¬
[m¿ΩnI KpW-ambn Icp-X-s∏-Sm-hp-∂-X-√. AXm-Is´ bp‡m-
bp‡ hnNmcw IqSmØ hnIm-c-t{]-cn-X-amb kz`m-h-{]-I-S\w
am{Xta Bbn-cn-°p-I-bp-≈q.
kuay-ioew: Alnw-km-flI kz`mh hIp-∏n¬ Dƒs∏´
aq∂m-asØ [m¿ΩnI KpW-Øn\p Ad-_n-bn¬ ‘lpZv\’
F∂pw ‘lu≥’ F∂pw ]d-bp-∂p. A\ym-b-amb \ne-bn¬
a‰p-≈-h¿°v ssZln-I-ambn Hcp-]-{Z-hhpw sNømsX kuay-X-
tbmSpw kam-[m-\-tØmSpw Pohn-°pI F∂-XmWv {]kvXpX
]Z-ßƒsIm≠p hnh£n-Xam°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Cu kuay-ioew
D¬°rjvS am\-knI KpW-am-sW-∂p-≈Xp \n-tµ-l-am-Wv.
F∂p am{X-a-√, AXv a\p-jy-Xz-Øn\v AXym-¥m-t]-£n-Xhpw
A\p-{K-lZ- m-bI
- h
- p-amb k¬kz-`m-hh- p-am-Wv. Cu [m¿ΩnI KpW-
Øn\p A\p-cq-]a - mbn inip-°f
- n¬ Hcp A\p-cR - vP\
- `
- mhw {]Ir-
Xym-Xs∂ ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p-h-t√m. Cu kl-P-kz-`m-hsØ icn-
bmb \ne-bn¬ {Iao-I-cn-°p-∂Xp aqe-amWv kuay-io-e-am-Ip∂

[m¿ΩnIKpWw {]Xy-£-am-Ip-∂-Xv. a\p-jy≥ hnth-I-⁄m-\-
an-√mØ {]mIr-X-L-´-Øn¬ kuay-X-bp-sStbm ]cm-{I-a-Øn-
s‚tbm XØzw {Kln-°m≥ {]m]vX-\-√. F∂m¬, Cu L´-
Øn¬ Ah-\n¬ Hcp A\p-cRvP\-ioew ImWmw. AXp-X-s∂-
bmWv kuay-io-e-Øn-s‚bpw im¥-kz-`m-h-Øn-s‚bpw aqew.
F∂m¬, AXp {]mIr-X-L-´-Øn¬ hnth-I-⁄m-\-tØmSpw
Btem-N-\-tbmSpw {]tXyI Dt±-iy-tØmSpwIqSn shfn-hm-Ip-
∂-X-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ [m¿ΩnI KpW-ambn KWn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-X-√.
adn®v Hcp-h≥ t{Zml-c-ln-X-\mbn C—m-]q¿∆w kuay-io-esØ
bYm¿lw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw Aÿm-\Øp {]tbm-Kn-°m-
Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ am{X-amWv AXp [m¿ΩnI KpW-
am-bn-Øo-cp-∂X- v. CXp hnj-bI
- a
- mbn hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ \evIp∂
]mT-an-Xm-Wv. ""\nßƒ ]c-kv]cw kuay-
X- t bmSpw kam- [ m- \ - t ØmSpwIqSn h¿Øn- ° p- h n≥''(8:2).
""kam- [ m\w AYhm ssa{Xn hfsc \√- X m- I p-
∂p''(4:129). ""Ah¿ kam-[m-\-Øn-te°v
Nmbp-∂-]£w \nßfpw AXns\ A\p-Iq-en-°p-I''(8:62).
""Icp- W m- a - b - \ mb
ssZh-Øns‚ `‡-Zm-k¿ `qan-bn¬ kam-[m-\-tØmSpw kuay-
X-tbmSpwIqSn \S-°p-∂-h-cm-Ip-∂p''(25:64).
“Ah¿ \nc¿∞ hN\w tI´m¬,
AXp iWvTb - °v Imc-Wa- m-tb-°p-sa∂p i¶n®p Kuc-ht- ØmsS
IS∂p If-bp∂p; \nmc kwK-Xn-°mbn Ah¿ iWvT IqSp-I-
bn-√.”(25:72) AXm-b-Xv, Ah¿ kmc-amb D]-{Zhw t\cn-´-√msX
FXn¿°p-∂-Xn\p CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. \nmc kwK-Xn-Isf KWy-
am-°msX s]mdpa ImWn-°p-Ib - mWv kuay-io-eØ
- ns‚ XØzw.
{]kvXpX hmIy-Øn¬ "\nc¿∞-kw-KXn' AYhm "Xp—-amb
Imcyw' F∂ A¿∞-Øn¬ {]bp-‡-amb ‘eKvhv’ i_vZ-Øn\p
ChnsS Hcp hnh-cWw AXym-h-iy-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. t{Zmtlm-t±-
iy-tØmSpIqSn ]d-bp-Itbm {]h¿Øn-°p-Itbm sNbvX-Xm-sW-
¶nepw Dt±-in®hn[w tZmj-êw D≠m-ImØ kwK-Xn-sb-bmWv
‘eKv h v’ F∂p ]d- b p- ∂ - X v . AXn- \ m¬ AØcw Xp—- a mb

t{Zmtlm-Zy-asØ hI-sh-°msX Kuc-h-tØmSpw A¥-tmSpw
IqSn h¿Øn-°pI-sb-∂X - mWv kuay-Xb - psS e£-Ww. F∂m¬,
B t{ZmlIrXyw \nm-c-ambn KWn-°m≥ ]mSn-√mØ Xc-Øn¬
Poht\m apX-ent\m am\-Ønt\m \jvSw hcp-Øp-∂-Xn\v ]cym-
]vX-am-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ ImWn-°p∂ s]mdp-a, kuayX F∂
[m¿ΩnI KpW-tØmSp A\p-_-‘n-®Xm-bn-cn-°p-I-bn-√. Aß-
s\-bp≈ A]-cm[w s]mdpØp sImSp-°p-∂-Xn\v ‘A^vh’v
AYhm ‘£am-KpWw’ F∂p ]d-bp-∂p. Cu KpW-hn-ti-j-sØ-
°p-dn®v A\y{X {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. ho≠pw hnip≤
Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p:
“ h√-
hcpw ZpjvS-X-tbmsS \nmchm°p ]d-bp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ \nßƒ
\√-co-Xn-bn¬ kuay-amb adp-]Sn sImSp-°pI; Cu ioew
\nanØw i{Xp-X-bp-≈-h≥ hm’-ey-ap≈ an{X-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-
Xm-Wv.”(41:35) Npcp-°-Øn¬, bYm¿∞-amb Hcp \jvShpw D≠m-
°n-Øo¿°m-ØXpw \nm-c-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-amb t{Zm-tlm-Zyaw
am{Xta kuay-X-bpsS XØz-{]-Imcw Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-
bp-≈q.
kuioeyw: Alnw-km-flI kz`mh hIp-∏n¬ Dƒs∏´
[m¿ΩnI KpW- ß - f n¬ \mem- a - t Ø- X n\p Ad- _ n- b n¬
‘cn^vJv’Fí ∂p ]d-bp-∂p. CXn\v kuioeyw F∂p A¿∞w
hnh- £ n- X am°mw. CXv kpap- J - X bpw kZv h N\ioehpw
Dƒs°m≠ injvSm-Nm-c-am-Ip-∂p. CXns‚ _oP-cq-]-sa-t∂mWw
inip-°f- n¬ ImW-s∏-Sp∂ kzm`m-hnI i‡n-°mWv ‘Xzem-JØv'
AYhm "{]k-∂-`mhw’ F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. inip kwkm-cn-
°phm≥ {]m]vXa - m-Ip-∂X
- n\p aptº kuio-ey-Øn\p]Icw Cu
{]k∂`mhw {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWmw. kuio-ey-Øns‚
aqe-k-Øbmbn ÿnXnsNøp∂ inip-{]m-b-Ønse Cu {]k-
∂-`mhw {]Ir-Xym-ep≈ Hcp t_m[-hn-ti-j-am-Wv. ssiih
km[m-c-W-amb Cu t_m[-i-‡nsb kµ¿t`m-NnXw {]tbm-K-
s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ kwPm-X-am-Ip-∂-XmWv kuio-ey-am-Ip∂ Cu
[m¿ΩnI KpWw. Cu hnj-b-sØ-°p-dn®p hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥
]d-bp-I-bmWv: “\nßƒ P\-ß-tfmSp \√

hm°v ]d-bp-hn≥.”(2:84)
""Hcp PmXn-°m¿ as‰mcp PmXn-°msc ]cn-l-kn-°m-Xn-cn-°s´;

Ah¿ (]-cn-l-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿) Hcp]t£ a‰-h-tc-°mƒ DØ-
a-cm-bn-cn-°pw. Nne kv{XoIƒ a‰p kv{XoIsf ]cn-l-kn-°m-Xn-
cn-°s´; B ]cn-l-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿ Hcp]t£ a‰-h-tc-°mƒ
DØ-a-I-fm-bn-cn-°pw. \nßƒ XΩn¬ XΩn¬ A]-h-Zn-°-cp-Xv.
At\ym\yw lmky-t∏-cp-Iƒ hnfn-°p-Ib - p-ac
- p-Xv...... Dul-ßf
- n¬
A[n-I-sØbpw h¿÷n-°p-hn≥, \n›-b-ambpw Dul-ß-fn¬
NneXv ]m]-I-c-am-Ip-∂p. \nßƒ tZmj-ßsf NnI™p t\m°-
cpXv; \nß-fn¬ Nne¿ a‰p Nnesc Zpjn-°p-I-bp-a-cp-Xv.. A√m-
lp-hns\ `b-s∏-Sp-hn≥; A√mlp B¿{Z-X-bp-≈-h\pw Icp-Wm-
a-b-\p-am-Wv' (49:12,13).
""\nß-fpsS ]°¬ sXfn-hn-√msX \nßƒ as‰m-cp-Ø-cnepw

Btcm-]Ww sNø-cp-Xv. \n›-b-ambpw sNhnSpw IÆpw lrZ-
bhpw F√mw AXn-s\-°p-dn®p tNmZyw sNø-s∏-Sp∂Xm-bn-cn-
°pw''(17:37).
tZmj-Xym-K-]-c-amb AYhm Alnw-km-fl-I-amb kz`m-h-
ß-fpsS hIp-∏n¬s∏´ k¬Kp-W-ßsf kw_-‘n®p {]Xn-]m-
Zn®p Ign-™p. C\n \ap°v ]tcm-]-Imcm-flI kz`m-h-ßƒ
Dƒs°m≠ c≠mw hIp-∏n¬s∏´ [m¿ΩnI KpW-ß-fpsS hnh-
c-W-Øn-te°v {]th-in-°mw.
£a: A\y¿°v \∑ sNøp-∂-Xn\p {]kvXpX hIp-∏n¬

\n¿±n-jvS-amb k¬Kp-W-ß-fn¬ H∂m-a-tØXv "A^vhv' AYhm
"£am-KpWw' BIp-∂p. AXm-bXv Ip‰sØ £an®p sImSp-
°p∂ kz`m-hw. t{Zmlw sNøp-∂-h≥ bYm¿∞-Øn¬ Ip‰w
sNøp-I-bm-Ip-∂p. B Ip‰-Øn\v Ahs\ \ymb-hn[n sIm≠v
in£n-∏n-°p-Itbm XS-hn-en-Sp-hn-°p-Itbm ]ng-bn-Sp-hn-∏n-°p-
Itbm AYhm k¶-S-°m-c≥ Xm≥Xs∂ Ahs\ in£n-°p-
Itbm sNtø≠Xm-Wv. F∂m¬, Ah\p Ip‰w £an®p sImSp-
°p-∂Xp \∂m-bn-cn-°p-sa-¶n¬, {]Xn-{In-b-bv°p≈ Ah-Imiw
Dt]-£n®p A{]-Imcw am∏v sNøp-∂Xv ]c-am¿∞-Øn¬ Ah\p
sNøp∂ \∑-bm-bn-cn-°pw. CXn-s\-°p-dn®p hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥
\evIp∂ ]mTw CXm-Wv.
""kµ¿`w t\m°n t{Im[sØ AS-°p-∂-hcpw P\-ßƒ°v
£an®p sImSp-°p-∂-hcpw \∑ sNøp-∂-h-cm-Ip-∂p''(3: 135).
""tZmj-Øn-
\p-ff {]Xn-{Inb XØp-ey-amb in£-bm-Ip-∂p; F∂m¬, GsXm-
cp-h≥ am∏v \evIp-Ibpw AXp-hgn \∑ hcp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-
∂pthm ˛am∏v sNtø≠ icn-bmb L´-Øn¬ £an®p sImSp-
°p-∂p-thm Ah\p ssZh-Øns‚ ]°¬ AXn-\p≈ {]Xn-^-e-
ap-≠v' (42:41).
Ip‰-ßƒ £an®p sImSpt°-≠Xv GtXXp Ah-k-c-ß-fn-
em-sW-∂X - n-te°v {]kvXpX hmIy-ßƒ icn-bmb am¿§-Z¿i\w
\evIp-∂p-≠v. GX-h-k-c-Ønepw GX-h-ÿ-bnepw ZpjvS-Xsb
FXn¿°-cp-sXt∂m ZpjvS-scbpw A\ym-b-Im-cn-I-sfbpw in£n-
°-cp-sXt∂m hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-n-s√-∂Xp kphy-‡-
am-Wv. adn-®v, Ip‰w £an®p sImSp-°-Ø-°tXm in£ A¿ln-
°p-∂tXm F∂p kµ¿`hpw ÿnXnbpw t\m°n \n¿Æ-bn-°p-
Ibpw AX-\p-k-cn®v {]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw thW-sa-∂mWv Jp¿-
B≥ D]-tZ-in-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v Ip‰-hm-fn-bp-sSbpw a‰p-≈-
h-cp-sSbpw t£asØ ap≥\n-dpØn KpW-I-c-amb am¿§-tatXm
AXv kzoI-cn-®p-sIm-t≈-≠-Xm-Wv. Nne-t∏mƒ am∏p\evIp-
∂Xpaqew Ip‰-°m-c≥ ]q¿∆m-[nIw tZmjw sNøp-∂-Xn\p [r„-
\m-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠v, HuNnXyw t\m°msX A‘-amb

\ne-bn-ep≈ £am-ioew ssIs°m-≈-cp-sX∂pw s]mdpØp
sImSp-°p-∂-Xntem in£n-°p-∂-Xntem GXn-emWv bYm¿∞-
Øn¬ KpW-an-cn-°p-∂-sX∂p hnth-N\w sNbvXv bYm¿lw
{]h¿Øn-°-W-sa-∂p-amWv ssZh-hmIyw \sΩ DZvt_m-[n-∏n-
°p-∂Xv. a\p-jy¿ `n∂kz`m-h-°m-cm-sW∂p ]d-tb-≠-Xn-√-t√m.
Nne¿ Xß-tfm-sS-∂-√, Xß-fpsS ]q¿∆ ]nXm-°-tfmSpt]mepw
sNø-s∏-ń-´p≈ tZmj-ßƒ hnkva-cn-°msX {]Xn-Im-tc-—p-°-
fm-bn-cn-°p∂ {]ImcwXs∂, Nne¿ Ip‰-ßƒ £an®p sImSp-
°p∂ ioew Atß-b‰w hf¿Øn AXncp Ihn™ \ne-bn¬
hn\n-tbm-Kn-°p-I-bpw, Nne-t∏mƒ kz¥w Krl-Ønse ZpjvN-cn-
X-ß-sf-t∏mepw Ah-K-Wn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xmbn ImWmw.
Cßs\ e÷m-I-c-amb Xc-Øn¬ £am-io-ehpw Ae-£y-`m-
hhpw {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-I-sb-∂Xv kzm`n-am-\-Øn\pw Kuc-h-Øn\pw
Nmcn-{X-Øn\pw lm\n-I-c-am-Ip-∂p. Cu AXncpIhn™ £a-
bpsS A¥y-êw B]¬°-c-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. C°m-cWw
sIm≠mWv hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ k¬kz`m-h-ßƒs°√mw kµ¿-
ù-NnXyw Hcp \n_-‘-\-bmbn \n›-bn-°p-Ibpw, Aÿm-\Øp
{]I-Sn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ kz`m-hsØ k¬kz-`m-h-ambn AwKo-I-cn-
°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xv. bp‡m-bp-‡-hn-Nmcw IqSm-sX-
bp≈ £am-Zm\w inip-°-fn¬t∏mepw ImWm-hp∂ kl-P-`m-
h-am-b-Xn-\m¬ AXns\ [m¿ΩnI KpW-ambn KWn-°m-hp-∂-X-
s√-∂Xv A\p-kva-c-Wo-b-am-Wv. inip Xs‚ t\¿°p a\x-]q¿∆w
t{Zmlw {]h¿Øn-®-hs‚ ASp-°¬t]mepw Aev]-k-a-b-Øn-
\Iw kw`-h-sa√mw ad∂v kvt\l-]q¿∆w AW-bp-∂Xv \mw
ImWm-dp-≠-t√m. B t{Zmln Ipńsb h[n-°p-hm≥ Hcp-sº-´-h-
\m-bm¬°qSnbpw AXv Ahs‚ a[p-c-hm-°n¬ k¥p-jvSn-s∏-
SpI Xs∂ sNøp-∂p. Cß-s\-bp≈ t{Zml hnkvar-Xnsb Hcp
{]Im-c-Ønepw k¬Kp-W-ambn Icp-Xm-hp-∂-X-√. Cu KpWw
ÿm\-mÿm\ hnth-N\w sNbvXv {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ am{X-
amWv k¬kz-`m-h-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xv. A√m-Ø-]£w AXp {]Ir-
Xym-ep≈ Hcp kz`mhw am{Xta Bbn-cn-°p-∂p-≈q. {]Ir-Xym-
ep≈ ioehpw k¬Kp-Whpw XΩn¬ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn\p Ign-
hp-≈-h¿ temI-Øn¬ \t∂ Ipd-hm-sW∂p thWw ]d-bm≥.
bYm¿∞ k¬KpWw ÿe-kµ - ¿`-ßf

- psS HuNn-Xy-tØmSpIqSn
shfn-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw {]IrXymep≈ ioew bp‡m-bp‡ hnNmcw
IqSmsX kzm`m-hnI t{]c-W-b-\p-k-cn®v shfn-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-am-sW-
∂p-≈-XmWv c≠n\pw XΩn-ep≈ hyXym-kw. Xmgv∂Xcw P¥p-
°-fpsS CS-bn¬ \ncp-]-{Z-hn-Ifpw Atßm´p]{Z-hn-®m¬°qSn
FXn¿°m-Ø-Xp-amb \nc-h[n Pohn-Isf ImWmw. DZm-l-c-W-
ambn ]ip-hns\ \ncp-]-{Z-hn-sb∂pw BSns\ kuay-{]-Ir-Xn-
sb∂pw ]d-bm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬, Ahbv°v HuNn-Xym-\u-
Nn-Xy-ßsf hI-Xn-cn-®-dn-bm-\p≈ hnthI-an-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ Ah-
bpsS CuZri {]Ir-XsØ k¬Kp-W-ambn hnNm-cn-°m-\m-hp-
∂-X-√. ssZh-Øns‚ kXy-th-Z-{K-Ÿ-amb hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥
F√m k¬Kp-W-Øn\pw kµ¿ù-NnXyw A\p-t]-£-Wo-b-amb
\n_-‘-\-bmbn \n›-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂Xv Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-
am-Wv.
D]-Im-c-ioew: ]tcm-]-Imcm-flI kz`m-h-h-Ip-∏n¬s∏´
c≠m-asØ k¬KpWw Ad-_n-bn¬ "AZvev' F∂p ]d-bp∂
"{]Xyp-]-Im-chpw' aq∂m-a-ØXv "Clvkm≥' F∂ "klm-tbm-]-
Im- c hpw' \mem- a - t ØXv "CuØm- b n- Z n¬ Jp¿_m'
AYhm "_‘p-kvt\-l] - c
- a
- mb D]-Im-chpw'
BIp-∂p. CXp-kw-_-‘-ambn hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xn-
XmWv:
""\∑-bv°p ]Icw \∑ sNøm\pw {]Xyp-]-Im-c-Øn¬ Ihn™v

\∑ sNøp-hm-\p-ap≈ Ah-k-c-Øn¬ klm-tbm-]-Imcw sNøp-
hm\pw klm-tbm-]-Im-c-Øn¬ Ihn™v _‘p-Xz-]-c-amb A\p-
Iº ImWn-t°≠ L´-Øn¬ kvt\lm-th-i-tØmsS kuP-
\y-Zm\w sNøp-hm\pw ssZhw \nß-tfmSv B⁄m-]n-°p-∂p;
\oXn [¿Ω-Øns‚ koasb ewLn-°p-∂-Xn-s\bpw ]tcm-]-Imc
hnj-b-Øn¬ _p≤n \ncm-I-cn-°p∂ A\m-im-ky-amb \ne
ssIs°m-ff - p-∂X
- n-s\bpw (A-Xm-bX
- v, A]m-{X-Øn¬ \∑ sNøp-
∂-Xn\p D¬kp-I-Xtbm k¬]m-{X-Øn¬ \∑ sNøp-∂-Xn\p
Dt]-£tbm ImWn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-bpw) _‘p-Xm-]-c-amb A\p-

Iº ImWn-t°≠ ÿm\Øv kvt\lm-th-i-tØmSpIqSnb
kuP-t\ym-]-Imcw sNøp-∂-Xn¬ Ipdhp hcp-Øp-Itbm AXncp
Ihn™ B¿{ZXm ioew {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂-Xns\bpw
Ah≥ hntcm-[n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p''(16:91).
Cu hnip≤hmIyw D]-Im-c-[¿Ω-Øns‚ Zim-hn-ti-j-
ßsfbmWv {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂X - v. H∂m-at- Ø-Xv, \∑-°p-]I - cw \∑
sNøpI F∂ {]Xyp-]-Im-c-io-ew. CXv Xmgv∂ ]Sn-bn-ep≈
KpW-am-Wv. X\n-°p-]-Imcw sNbvX-bmƒ°v \∑ sNøpI F∂
{]Xyp-]I- m-cioew A\ys‚ D]-Im-csØ aXn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp∂
km[m-c-W-°m-c\pt]mepw kºm-Zn-°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.
CXnepw IqSp-X¬ {]bm-k-ap≈ L´-amWv c≠m-asØ \ne-bn-
ep≈ klm-tbm-]-Im-cw. {]Xyp-]-Imc \ne-bv°-√msX A\y\p
D]-Imcw sNøp-Ibpw Hcp IS-∏mSpw C√m-Xn-cns° a‰p-≈-h¿°v
KpWw hcp-Øp-Ibpw sNøpI F∂ ioew «mL-\o-b-am-sW-
¶nepw a≤y-\n-eb- n-ep-≈X
- m-Wv. A[n-Ia - m-fp-Ifpw km[p-P\ - Ø
- n\p
ktlm-tbm-]-Imcw sNøp-∂p-s≠-¶nepw B klm-b-Øn¬ Hcp
\yq\X ad™p InS-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWmw. klmbw sNbvX-
bmƒ Xm≥ D]-Imcw sNbvXp-sh∂p `mhn-°p-It- bm, AXn\p]I-
c-ambn Ipd-™-]£w \µn-`m-htam {]m¿∞-\tbm a‰-h-\n¬
\n∂p {]Xo-£n-°p-Itbm, Xs‚ D]-Im-c-Øn\p IS-s∏´ a\p-
jy≥ Ft∏m-sg-¶nepw X\n-s°-Xn-cmbn h¿Øn-°p∂ ]£w
Ahs\ D]-Imc kvac-W-bn-√m-Ø-h-s\∂pw IrX-Lv\-s\∂pw
t]cp-hn-fn-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂p. Abmƒ Nne-t∏mƒ Xm≥ sNbvX
D]-Imcw tlXp-hmbn IS-s∏´ a\p-jys‚ta¬ Zp¿∆-la - mb `mcw
Npa-Øp-Ibpw Xs‚ D]-Im-c-sØ-°p-dn®p Ahs\ Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-
Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Cu \yq\-Xsb ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn-
´mWv hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ D]-Im-c-Im-cn-Isf C{]-Imcw KpW-tZm-
jn-°p-∂Xv: “A√tbm KpW-
Im- c n- I tf! \njv I - f - ¶ - X sb Bkv ] - Z n- ® m- b n- c n- t °- ≠ p∂
\nßfpsS Zm\-[¿Ω-ß-sf, \nßƒ klm-bn-®-hsc D]-Imc
_m≤y-X-Isf°pdn®v Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXpw Ahsc t{Zmln®pw
\njv^-e-am-°-cp-Xv”(2:265). Cu hmIy-Øn¬ "Zm\-[¿Ωw' F∂p
]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂ ‘kzZJ’ F∂ aqe-]Zw "\njvI-f-

¶X' F∂¿∞-ap≈ ‘kznZvJv’ F∂ hm°n¬ \n∂pev]-∂-am-b-
Xm- W v . X∑qew \njv ° - ] - S hpw \njv I - f - ¶ - h p- a mb lrZ- b -
tØmSpIqSn sNøp∂ klm-tbm-]-Imcw am{Xsa bYm¿∞
[¿Ω-am-bn-cn-°p-Ib- p≈q; A√m-Øs - X√mw shdpw A`n-\b - a
- s
- {X.
Npcp-°-Øn¬ ]tcm-]-Imcn Nne-t∏mƒ Xs‚ D]-Im-c-sØ-°p-
dn®v FSpØv ]d-bp-∂Xv hep-Xmb \yq\-X-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m-
emWv AXn-s\-∏‰n hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ {]tXy-In®pw KpW-tZm-
jn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
]tcm-]-Im-c-X-bpsS aq∂m-asØ \ne, D]-Imcw sNøp-I-
bm-sW-∂p≈ hnNm-chpw IrX-⁄Xm-{]-Xo-£bpw IqSmsX
A\p- I - º m- t h- i - t ØmSpIqSn, G‰- h p- a - S pØ _‘p-
°ƒs°∂t]mse A\y¿°v \∑ sNøp-I-bm-Ip-∂p. AXm-bXv
amXmhv kz¥w a°ƒ°v hm’-eym-Xn-tc-I-Øm¬ ê-Imw£
IqSmsX \∑ sNøp-∂-Xp-{]-Imcw A\y¿°p]Imcw sNøpI
Xs∂. CXv ]tcm-]-Im-c-X-bpsS ]c-a-amb \ne-bm-Ip-∂p. CXn-
\-∏pdw Ib-dn-s®-√p-hm≥ a\p-jy\v km≤y-a-√. CXn-\mWv
‘CuØmbn-Zn¬Jp¿_m’ (_-‘p-°ƒs°-∂-t]mse kuP\y
klmbw sNøp-I) F∂p t]¿ sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬,
]tcm-]-Imc [¿Ω-Øns‚ Xmgv∂-]-Sn-sXm´v ]c-a-amb Db¿∂-
]-Sn-h-sc-bp≈ kI-e-im-J-Ifpw kµ¿ù-Nn-Xy-hp-ambn _‘n-
∏n-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Cßs\ \∑-I-sf√mw AX-Xp-I-fpsS
ÿm\u-NnXyw t\m°n sNøm-Ø-]£w Xn∑-I-fm-bn-Øo-cp-∂-
Xm-sW∂p {]kvXpX Jp¿-B≥ hmIyw \√-t]mse hy‡-am-
°n-Ø-cp-∂p-≠v. AXm-bXv {]tbm-K-]m-{X-Øns‚ A\u-NnXyw
\nanØw "AZvev' AYhm "{]Xyp-]-Imcw' F∂ [¿Ωw ‘^lvim-
Av’ AYhm "Ak-`yX' Bbn ]cn-W-an-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. AtX-{]-
Imcw "Clvkm≥' AYhm "klm-tbm-]-Imcw' A\p-Nn-X-amb
\ne-bn¬ sNø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-bm¬ ‘ap≥I¿' AYhm "lo\-Ir-Xy'
am-bn-Øo-cpw. AXm-bXv a\-m£n shdp-°p-∂Xpw _p≤n \ncm-
I- c n- ° p- ∂ - X p- a mb \nµy- I r- X y- a m- b n- Ø o- c p- ∂ - X m- b n- c n- ° pw.
"CuØmbnZn¬Jp¿_m' AYhm "_‘p-kvt\lw' sIms≠-∂-
t]mse sNø-s∏-Sp∂ kuP-t\ym-]-Imcw Aÿm-\-Øn-em-Ip-
tºmƒ AXv "_Kvbv' AYhm "AXn-{Iaw' Bbn-Øo-cp-∂-XmWv

"_Kvbv' F∂ hm°ns‚ [mXzm¿∞w hnf-hp-I-fpsS \mi-Øn\p
Imc-Wa- m-°p∂ "AXn-hrjvSn' F∂m-Ip-∂p. AXn-\m¬, I¿Øhy
\n¿∆-l-W-Øn¬ Aan-X-Xztam \yq\-Xztam Bb \ne kzoI-cn-
°p-∂Xv "_Kvbv' (A-Xn-{Iaw) Bbn-Øo-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. Npcp-°n-∏-
d-bp-∂-Xm-bm¬, {]kvXpX aq∂p \ne-I-fn-ep≈ \∑-Ifpw,
Aÿm\-ß-fnepw A]m-{X-ß-fnepw sNø-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ tZmj-
ß-fmbn ]cn-Wa - n-°pw. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Cu KpWI¿Ω-ßt- fmSp
kµ¿ù-Nn-XysØ Ah-iy-\n-_-‘-\-bmbn \n›-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂-
Xv. Cu HuNnXy Zo£ IqSm-sX-bp≈ tIh-e-amb {]Xyp-]-Im-
ctam klm-tbm-]-Im-ctam _‘p-Xm-]-c-amb kuP-t\ym-]-Im-
ctam [m¿ΩnI KpW-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sm-hp-∂-X-√. Fs¥-
∂m¬, Cu KpW-ß-sf√mw hnth-I-_p≤n ]Iz-am-Ip-∂-Xn\p
aptº inip-°-fn¬t]mepw kzm`m-hnIt_m[-ß-fpsS cq]-Øn¬
ÿnXn sNøp-∂-h-bm-Wv. Ah [m¿ΩnI KpW-ß-fm-bn-Øo-cp-
∂-Xn\p hnth-I-_p-≤n-bpsS hym]c-tØm-Sp-IqSn Ah shfn-s∏-
tS-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. At∏mƒ {]Ir-Xn-i-‡n-I-tfm-tcm∂pw hnth-
N-\-_p-≤n-bpsS {]Im-i-Øn¬ ÿm\m-ÿm\ hnNm-c-tØmsS
hym]-cn-°-s∏-Sp-tºm-gmWv k¬Kp-W-ambn ]cn-W-an-°p-∂-Xv.
C\nbpw hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ "Clvkm≥' F∂ klm-tbm-]-
Im-csØ kw_-‘n®v AXym-h-iy-I-ß-fmb thsdbpw D]-tZ-
i-ßƒ \evIp-∂p-≠v. Cu \n¿t±-i-ß-fn-se√mw \n¿≤m-c-W-
tZym-ZI
- a
- mb "Aen^v emw' D]-tbm-Kn®psIm≠p HuNnXy hnth-
N-\sØ \njvI¿jn-°p-∂p-ap-≠v. Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p:
“A√tbm hnizm-kn-Itf! \nßƒ \ymb-ambn B¿÷n® (tam-

j-Ww, ssI°q-en, hnizm-k-h-©-\, A]-l-cWw F∂o hgn-I-
fntem A\ym-b-amb at‰-sX-¶nepw am¿§-Øntem kºm-Zn-®-
sXm∂pw Ie-cm-Ø) apX-ep-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Zm\-[¿Ω-amtbm
klm-tbm-]-Im-c-amtbm temI¿°v \evIp-hn≥...... A\ym-b-amb
kºm-Zy-Øn¬\n∂p Zm\w sNøm-\p≈ hnNmcw \nß-fpsS lrZ-
b-Øn¬\n∂p Zqco-`-hn-°-s´”(2:268).
“\nß-
fpsS Zm\- [ ¿Ω- ß sf D]- I m- c - _ m- ≤ yXsIm≠pw
t{ZmlwsIm≠pw \nßƒ \njv^-e-am-°n-Øo¿°m-Xn-cn-°p-hn≥.
(A-Xm-b-Xv, \nßƒ klm-bn-®n-´p-≈-hsc \nß-fpsS D]-Im-c-
sØ-°p-dn®p A\p-kvac - n-∏n-°p-Itbm a‰p-hn-[Ø - n¬ Ahsc Ak-
ly-s∏-Sp-Øp-Itbm AcpXv; Aßs\ sNøp-∂-Xm-bm¬ \nß-
fpsS klm-tbm-]I - mcw ê-iq-\y-ambn `hn-°p-∂X - m-Wv); A\y¿
ImWp-∂-Xn\p th≠n sNehv sNøp∂ \ne \nßƒ kzoI-cn-
°-cp-Xv” (2:265). “\nßƒ krjvSn-
Iƒ°v \∑ sNøp-hn≥; ssZhw \∑ sNøp∂ kpIr-Xsc {]oXn-
s∏- S p- ∂ p.”(2:196)
“bYm¿∞ \ne-bn¬ \∑ sNøp∂ kpIr-X¿ I¿∏q-c-Øns‚
tNcp-h-tbmSpIqSnb ]m\-]m-{X-Øn¬\n∂p IpSn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-
cn°pw”(76:6). AXm-bXv {]m]-©n-I-amb B[n-Ifpw ZpxJ-ßfpw
Aip`m{K-l-ß-fp-sa√mw Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬\n∂pw Zqc-s∏-
Sp-∂-Xm-Ip-∂p. "I¿∏qcw' AYhm ‘Im^q¿’ F∂ Ad_n
]Zw ‘AS-bv°pI’ F∂pw ‘aqSpI’ F∂pw A¿∞-amb ‘I^¿’
F∂ hm°n¬\n∂p hyp¬∏-∂-am-b-Xm-Wv. X∑qew, Cu I¿∏q-
c-]m-\o-bm-kzm-Z-\-Øns‚ Xm¬]-cyw, Ah-cpsS A\p-Nn-X-ß-
fmb hnIm-c-ßƒ \nb-{¥n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-ß-
fn¬ \n∂v Aip-≤-X-I-sf√mw AI-‰-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ssZh-⁄m-\-
am- I p∂ Ipfn¿Ω- s Im- ≠ v Ah¿ ioX- f - a m- ° - s ∏- S p- I bpw
sNøp∂XmsW-∂m-Ip-∂p. Jp¿-B≥ XpS¿∂p ]d-bp∂p:
“B kpIr-X-cm-bp≈
ssZh-Zm-k¿ Xßƒ Ct∏mƒ kzI-c-ß-fm¬ shń-bp-≠m-°p∂
Du‰- n ¬\n∂p \ymb- h n[n\mfn¬ ]m\w sNøp- ∂ - X mbncn-
°pw”(76:7). Cu hmIyw kz¿§sØ kw_-‘n® ]c-am¿∞
XØzw A¥¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xmb Hcp cl-ky-sØ-bmWv {]Im-
in-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. {Kln-°p-hm≥ a\-p-≈-h¿ {Kln®p sIm≈-s´.
C\n-bpw, hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ {]kvXpX hmIy-ßsf XpS¿∂p
]d-bp∂p:
“kpIr-X¿ ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ t{]a-Øm¬ Xßƒ CjvS-s∏-Sp∂

Blmcw ]mh-ßƒ°pw A-\m-Y¿°pw _‘-\ÿ - ¿°pw \evIp-
Ibpw \nß-fpsSta¬ Rßƒ Hcp _m[y-Xbpw Npa-Øp-∂n-√,
F∂m¬, CXp ssZhw Rß-tfmSv k¥p-jvS-\mbn `hn-°p-∂-
Xn\p Rßƒ Ahs‚ Xncp-ap-J-Øn-\mbns°m≠v sNøp∂ Hcp
ip{iq-jb
- m-Ip∂p, \nß-fpsS ]°¬\n∂p Rßƒ {]Xn-ê - tam
\µntbm B{K-ln-°p-∂n√ F∂p ]d-bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p”(76:7).
Cu hmIy-ßƒ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv ]tcm-]-Im-c-X¬]-c-X-bpsS
aq∂m-asØ \ne C{]-Imcw {]Xn-^-te— IqSmsX _‘p-Xm-]-
c-amb A\p-I-ºm-thiw aqew sNø-s∏-Sp∂ Xc-Øn-em-bn-cn-°-
W-sa-∂m-Wv. ho≠pw hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ \evIp∂ ]mT-an-XmWv:
""bYm¿∞ k≤¿Ωn-Iƒ ssZth-„-Øn\pth≠n Xß-fpsS apX-

ep-IƒsIm≠p _‘p-°sf klm-bn-°p-Ibpw A\m-Y-Ip-ń-I-
fpsS kwc-£bv°pw hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\pw G¿∏mSp sNbvXp
sImSp-°p-Ibpw AK-Xn-Isfbpw Zcn-{Z-scbpw ]ń-Wn-bn¬\n∂p
kwc-£n-°p-Ibpw hgn-t]m-°sc ip{iq-jn-°p-Ibpw bmN-Isc
klm-bn-°p-Ibpw ASn-a-Isfbpw EW-_m-[n-Xscbpw tamNn-
∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p''(2:178).
""Ah¿
sNehv sNøp-∂-Xn¬ Aan-XXzw ImWn-°p-Itbm ep_v[v ]nSn-
°p- I tbm sNømsX a≤y- \ n- e sb Ah- e w- _ n- ° p- ∂ - h - c m-
Wv''(25:68).
""tN¿°- s ∏- S p- h m≥ A√mlp hn[n- ® n- c n- ° p- ∂ - X ns\ Ah¿

tN¿°p-I-bpw, Xß-fpsS c£n-Xm-hmb ssZhsØ `b-s∏-Sp-

Ibpw B]¬°-ca - mb IW-s°-Sp-∏n-s\-°p-dn®p òXn-s∏-Sp-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p''(13:22). ""Ah-cpsS apX-
ep-If
- n¬ tNmZn-°p∂h¿°pw tNmZn-°m≥ høm-Øh - ¿°pw Ah-
Im- i - s ∏´ Hml- c n- b p- ≠ v ''(51:20). ChnsS "høm- Ø - h ¿'
F∂XpsIm≠p≈ hnh-£nXØn¬ \mb, ]q®, Imf, Igp-X,
BSv apX-emb CXc Pohn-Ifpw Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p.
""Ah¿ ip`m-h-ÿ-bnepw kp`n-
£X-bnepw Bbn-cn-°p-tºmsg∂t]mse Acn-jvSX - b- nepw Zp¿`n-
£-X-bnepw Xß-fpsS i‡n-°-Sp-Ø-hÆw Zm\-[¿Ωw sNøp-
∂p''(3:135). ""Ah¿ Nne-t∏mƒ cl-
ky-ambpw Nne-t∏mƒ ]c-ky-ambpw [¿Ωw sImSp-°p∂p''(13:23).
cl-ky-ambn sNøp-∂Xv \mSyw D≠m-Im-Xn-cn-°m-\pw, ]c-ky-
ambn sNøp-∂Xv a‰p-≈-hsc t{]cn-∏n-°m\pw th≠n-b-s{X.
""Zm\-[¿Ω-ßƒ Zcn-{Z-scbpw AK-Xn-Isfbpw klm-bn-°p-∂-

Xn\pw [¿Ω-ap-X-ens‚ kzcq-]Ww XpS-ßn-bp≈ Imcy-ß-fpsS
\n¿hm-l-I¿°v {]Xn-êw sImSp-°p-∂-Xn\pw tZmj-h-e-b-
Øn¬s∏-´-hsc AXn¬\n∂v c£s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw ASn-a-Isf
tamNn-∏n-°p-∂X
- n\pw IS-s∏-´h
- s
- cbpw B]-Øn-eI
- s
- ∏-´h
- s
- cbpw
klm-bn-°p-∂X - n\pw ssZh-Øn\p am{X-am-bp≈ a‰p hgn-If - nepw
bm{X-°msc klm-bn-°p-∂-Xn\pw hybw sNø-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-Wv.
CXv ssZh-Øns‚ ]°¬\n∂p≈ I¿Ø-hym-⁄-bm-Ip-∂p.
ssZhw G‰hpw Adn-bp-∂-h\pw AKm-[-⁄-\p-a-s{X'' (9:60).
""\nßƒ {]oXn-s∏-Sp∂ \nß-fpsS
apX-ep-Iƒ kl-Po-hn-If
- psS klm-bØ- n\p sNehp sNøp-∂Xp
hsc \nßƒ k¬KXn {]m]n-°p-I-bn-√''(3:93).
""_‘p-
°ƒ°v Ah-cpsS Ah-Imiw \evIpI; A{]-ImcwXs∂ Zcn-

{Z¿°pw AK-Xn-Iƒ°pw Zm\w sNøpI; bm{X°msc ip{iq-jn-
°p-Ibpw sNøpI; F∂m¬, Zp¿hybw aptJ\ [\w \in-∏n-°-
cp-Xv''(17:27). AXm-bXv hnhm-lm-Sn-b-¥-c-ßƒ°pw BUw-_-c-
ßƒ°pw k¥m-t\m¤-h-th-f-bnse BNm-c-a-cym-ZIƒ°p-ambn
sNø-s∏-Sp∂ ]mgvs®-e-hn¬\n∂p AI-∂n-cn-°p-I.
""\nßƒ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°v \∑ sNøp-I, A{]-Imcw _‘p-

°ƒ°pw A\m-Y-Ip-ń-Iƒ°pw AK-Xn-Iƒ°pw _‘p-°-fmb
Ab¬°m¿°pw _‘p-°-f-√mØ Ab¬°m¿°pw kl-bm-
{Xn-I¿°pw ]Yn-I¿°pw \nß-fpsS A[n-Im-c-Øn-ep≈ Zmk-`r-
Xym-Zn-Iƒ°pw IpXn-c, BSv, ]ip apX-emb arK-ßƒ°p-sa√mw
D]-Imcw sNøp-I. Cu ioew ssZh-Øn\p {]nb-¶-c-am-Ip-∂p.
Ah≥ \n›- b - a mbpw K¿∆n- j v T - s cbpw kzm¿∞n- I - s fbpw
kvt\ln-°p-∂n-√. epœv Im´p-∂-h-scbpw P\-ßƒ°p ep_v[X
]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-hscbpw ]mh-ß-tfmSv Xß-fpsS ]°¬ H∂p-an-
s√∂v ]d™v [\sØ ad®p sh°p-∂-h-scbpw ssZhw {]oXn-
s∏-Sp-∂n-√' (4:37,38).
ss[cyw: "ipPm-AØv' AYhm "ss[cyw' F∂ k¬Kp-W-
tØmSp kmZr-iy-ap≈ Hcp i‡n-hn-tijw a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn-bn¬
A¥¿`q-X-am-bn-´p-≠v. Cu A¥-»-‡n-bpsS t{]c-W-bm-emWv
inip Nne-t∏mƒ IØn-bm-fp∂ Xobn¬ ssIbn-Sp-hm≥ apXn-cp-
∂-Xv. hnthI_p≤n-bpsS A`m-h-Øm¬ inip-hn¬ Cu kl-
PmXi‡n anI®p \nev°p-I-bpw, X∑qew `b-Øns‚ A\p-`-h-
am-XrIsIm≠-√msX inip H∂n-s\bpw `b-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw
sNøp- ∂ p. Cu {]mIrX L´- Ø n¬ a\p- j y≥ hym{Lm- Z n-
lnw{kP¥p-°-tfmSpt]mepw \n¿`bw FXn¿°p-Ibpw iucyw
{]I-Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. A{]-ImcwXs∂ At\Iwt]tcmSv
GI-\mbn s]mcp-Xp-∂-Xn\v Ah≥ \n»¶w Xp\n-bp-Ibpw sNøp-

∂p. At∏m-gmWv ImWn-Iƒ Ahs\ [otcm-Zm-Ø-\mbn IW-
°m-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬, CXv tIhew {]mIr-Xm-h-ÿ-bm-Ip-∂p.
lnw{k arK-ß-fn-se∂p am{X-a-√, \mbv°-fn¬t]mepw ImWm-
hp∂ P¥p[¿Ωw am{X-am-Wn-Xv. Cu {]Ir-Xn-i-‡nsb hnthI
_p≤n-bpsS {]Im-i-Øn¬ HuNnXy Nn¥-tbmSpIqSn {]I-Sn-∏n-
°p-tºm-gmWv bYm¿∞-amb ss[cyw AYhm "ipPm-AØv'
Bbn-Øo-cp-∂-Xv. Cß-s\, ÿe kµ¿`-ß-fpsS HuNnXyw
t\m°n {]Im-in-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ ss[cyw D¬°r-jvS-amb k¬kz-
`m-h-ß-fn¬ H∂m-Ip-∂p. CXns\ kw_-‘n®p hnip≤Jp¿-B≥
]d- b p- I - b mWv:
“Acn- j v S - X - b nepw B]¬°m- e Øpw bp≤m- h - k - c - Ø nepw
kl\w Ah- e w- _ n®p ZrV- a - \ - k v I - c m- b n- c n- ° p- ∂ - h - c t{X
km£m¬ [oc¿”(2:178). “Ah¿
(B-]-XvIm-eØpw bp≤m-h-k-c-Øn-epw) s]mdpa ImWn-°p-∂Xv
ssZh-Øns‚ Xncp-hp-≈-Øn-\mbns°m≠-√msX iucyw shfn-
∏-Sp-Øp-hm-\m-bn-´-√”(13:23).
“\nßsf t{Zmln-°m-\mbn P\-ßƒ kwL-Sn-®n-cn°pIbm-Wv.

X≥\n-anØw \nß-f-hsc `b-s∏-Sp-I-sb-∂p≈ P\-ò-jWn
Ahsc H´pw òX-cm-°n-Øo¿°p-∂n-√. adn®p AXp Ah-cpsS
hnizm-ksØ h¿≤n-∏n-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. "Rßƒ°v
A√mlp aXn-bm-b-h\pw G‰hpw \√ c£m-I¿Øm-hp-am-Ip-∂p'
F∂p Ah¿ ]d-bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p”(3:174).
“Xß-fpsS `h-\-ß-fn¬\n∂pw Al-¶mtcm--∑-Ø-X-tbmSpw

A\yP\w ImW- W - s a∂ Dt±- i y- t ØmSpwIqSn ]pd- s ∏- ´ -
hsct∏mse \nßƒ BIm-Xn-cn-°p-hn≥''(8:48). AXm-b-Xv, Ah-
cpsS ss[cyw h\y-ar-K-ß-fp-sSbpw \mbv°-fp-sSbpwt]mse
hnIm-c-t{]-cn-X-ambn Hcp hi-tØ°p am{Xw {]h-ln-°p-∂-Xmb
P¥p-[¿Ω-a-√. adn-®v, Ah-cpsS Cu at\m-[¿Ω-{]-I-S\w c≠p

hi-tØmSp IqSn-b-Xm-bn-´m-Wn-cn-°p-I. Hcp hi-Øv, Ah¿ kzX-
kn-≤a - mb a\-»‡nsIm≠p ico-tc-—I - sf Pbn-®S- °
- p-Ibpw adp-
h- i Øv i{Xp- ° - t fmSv FXn¿Øp\nev t °≠XXym- h - i y- a m-
sW∂p ImWp-tºmƒ hnIm-cm-[o-\-cm-bn-´√msX kXyhpw
\oXnbpw \ne- \ n- d p- Ø p- ∂ - X n- \ m- b n´pam{Xw i{Xp- ° - t fmSp
FXn¿°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Cßs\ Ah¿ ss[cyw {]I-Sn-∏n-
°p-∂Xv kzi-‡n-bn-ep≈ hnizmkw sIm≠-√, ssZh-Øn-ep≈
hnizm-km-{ibw sIm≠p am{X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. km£m¬
ss[cy- i m- e n- I ƒ A\y¿°v ImWn- ° p- h m- \ mbn Al- ¶ m- c -
tØmSpIqSn ss[cyw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-I-bn-√. Ah¿ hnIm-cm-[o-\-
cm-hmsX GXp hnj-b-Ønepw ssZth-jvS-sØ-bmWv e£o-I-
cn-°p-I. aptº-bp-≤-cn® Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-ßƒ a\-n-em-°n-Ø-
cp-∂Xv bYm¿∞-amb ss[cy-Øns‚ aqew kl-\-i-‡n-bnepw
ÿnc-Nn-Ø-X-bnepw ASn-bp-d-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xm-sW-∂-m-Ip-∂p. i{Xp-
sh-t∏mse B{I-an-°p∂ ico-tc-—-I-tfm-Spw, hn]-Øp-I-tfmSpw
FXn¿Øp\nev°p-Ibpw òcpX \nanØw Nm]eyw ImWn-°m-
Xn-cn-°p-I-bp-amWv icn-bmb [oc-X. lnw{k-P-¥p-hns‚ iucy-
Øn\pw a\p-jys‚ ss[cy-Øn\pw XΩn¬ AP-K-Pm-¥-c-ap-≠v.
P¥p-[¿Ω-amb iucyw Hcp hi-tØ°pam{Xw e£o-I-cn®p
sIm≠p≈ t{Im[m-th-i-Øns‚ {]I-S-\-am-Ip-∂p. F∂m¬,
bYm¿∞ ss[cy-Øns‚ Ccn-∏n-S-amb a\p-jy≥, FXn¿°p-∂-
Xntem FXn¿°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xntem KpW-an-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂p
Nn¥n®p HuNnXywt]mse {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p.
kXy-k-‘X: a\p-jys‚ {]IrXn [¿Ω-ß-fn¬ {]tXy-I-
ambncn°p∂ KpW-amWv kXy-k-‘-X. Ah≥ kzm¿∞-]-c-amb
GsX-¶nepw t{]c-Wm-i-‡n-bm-e-√msX hymPw ]d-bm≥ apXn-
cp-∂n-√. I≈w ]d-bp-∂-Xn¬ Ah\p {]IrXym Ad∏pw shdp-
∏p-am-Wv. AXp-sIm≠pXs∂-bmWv hymPw ]d-™-Xmbn sXfn-
bp∂ BfpsSt\sc Ah\v A\n-jvShpw Ah-⁄bpw tXm∂p-
∂-Xv. F∂m¬, Cu {]IrXn kz`m-h-Øns‚ tIh-e-cq]w k¬Kp-
W-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-°m-hp-∂-X-√. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬, Cu
Ahÿ inip-°-fnepw {`m¥-cn¬t∏mepw ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
kXy-\n-jvTbv°v `wKw hcp-Øp∂ kzm¿∞-]-c-amb Dt±-iy-ß-
fn¬\n∂v th¿s∏- S m- X n- c n- ° p∂ Ime- t Ømfw a\p- j y\p

bYm¿∞-Øn¬ kXy-k-‘-\m-bn-Øocphm≥ km≤y-a-√. Ah≥
X\n°p tZmjw hcmØ Imcy-ßsf kw_-‘n®nS-tØmfw
kXyw ]d-bp-Ib- pw, Xs‚ A`n-am-\Ø - nt\m apX-ent\m Poht\m
lm\n hcp-sa∂p ImWp∂ L´-Øn¬ I≈w ]d-bp-Itbm kXyw
]d-bmsX au\w Zo£n-°p-Itbm sNøp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-sh-¶n¬,
Ah\p tIhew inip-hn-s\-°mfpw {`m¥-s\-°mfpw Hcp ta∑-
bp-an-√. lX-_p-≤n-bmb {`m¥\pw hnth-I-_p≤n ]Iz-am-ImØ
iniphpw C{]-Imcw kXyw ]d-bm-dp-≠-t√m. _mly-amb Hcp
t{]c- W bpwIqSmsX shdpsX Ifhv ]d- b p- ∂ - h - c mbn \mw
Btcbpw ImWp- I - b n- √ . F∂m¬, B]Øp t\cn- S p- s a∂v
ImWp∂ L´-Øn¬ kXy-\n-jvTsb Dt]-£n-°p-I-sb-∂Xv
bYm¿∞ k¬kz-`m-h-Øn\p tIhew hncp-≤-am-Ip-∂p. kz¥w
Poht\m kºtØm A`n-am-\tam kµn-Kv≤m-h-ÿ-bn-em-Ip-tºm-
gmWv kXy-h-N-n\v G‰hpw L\-h-Ømb Ah-k-cw. CXv hnj-
b-I-ambn hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ \evIp∂ ]mT-an-XmWv:
“_nw_m-cm-[-\-
sbbpw hymtPym-‡nsbbpw h¿÷n-°p-hn≥”(22:31). AXm-b-
Xv, Ak-tXym‡n Hcp Xcw hn{K-l-am-Ip-∂p. AXns\ B{i-
bn-°p-∂-h¿ ssZhm-{i-bsØ ssIsh-Sn-tb≠n hcp-∂p. A{]-
ImcwXs∂, AkXyhN\w tlXp-hmbn Ahsc ssZhhpw
shSn-bp-∂p.
“km£n-Iƒ km£y-sam-gn-°mbn hnfn-°-s∏-´m¬ hntcm[w ]d-

b-cp-Xv..... kXy-amb km£ysØ tKm]\w sNøm-Xn-cn-°p-hn≥;
AXns\ GsXm-cp-h≥ ad-®p-sh-°p-∂pthm Ahs‚ lrZbw
]m]-ap≈XmIp-∂p”(2:283,284).
""kwkm-cn-°p-tºmƒ \nßƒ kXyhpw \ymb-hp-am-bXp kwkm-
cn- ° p- h n≥; \nß- f psS _‘p- ° ƒs°- X n- c mbn ]d- t b≠n
h∂mepw icn''(6:153).
""\nßƒ kXy-sØbpw \ymb-sØbpw apdpsI]nSn®p sIm≈p-

hn≥; \nß-fpsS km£yw ssZh-Øn\p th≠n-bm-bn-cn-°-s´.
kXyw ]d-bp-∂Xpaqew \nßƒ°v Poh-lm\n hcp-Itbm \nß-
fpsS amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°v D]-{Z-h-taev°p-Itbm a°ƒ XpS-ßnb
ASpØ_‘p-°ƒ°v tZmjw t\cn-Sp-Itbm sNøp-∂-Xm-bmepw
AkXyw ]d-bc - p-Xv' (4:136).
""GsX-¶nepw P\-XbpsS t\¿°p≈ hntcm[w \nßsf kXy-
hn-cp-≤-ambn s]cp-am-dp-∂-Xn\p t{]cn-∏n-°m-Xn-cn-°-s´(5:9)''
""kXy-hm∑m¿°pw kXy-h-Xn-Iƒ°pw al-
Ømb {]Xn-êw e`n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv' (33:36).
""Ah¿ kXy- s Øbpw kl- \ -
sØbpw Ipdn®v A\ysc D]-tZ-in-°p-∂p''(103:4).
""Ah¿ Ak-Xy-hm∑m-cpsS kaq-l-Øn¬ D]-th-in-°p-∂n-
√''(25:73).
kl\w: a\p-jys‚ {]IrXn[¿Ω-ß-fn¬s∏´ Hcp i‡n-
bmWv "kz_v¿' AYhm "kl\w'. Hmtcm-cp-Ø\pw Pohn-X-bm-
{X-bn¬ Gsd°psd t\cn-Sp∂ B]-Øp-Ifpw tcmK-]o-U-Ifpw
ZpxJ-ßfpw kln-t°-≠-Xm-bn-h-cp-∂p-≠v. B L´-Øn¬ Ah≥
Iptd-sb√mw s]mdp-Xn-tISp ImWn-°p-Ibpw Bh-em-Xn-s∏-Sp-
Ibpw sNbvX-Xn\ptijw im¥-X-s∏-Sp-Ibpw s]mdpa ImWn®p
XpS-ßp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. F∂m¬, CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ s]mdp-asb
hnip≤ thZ{KŸ-amb Jp¿-B≥ D¬°rjvS kz`m-h-Kp-W-ambn
]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂n-√. adn-®v, AXv £oW-X-bpsS ê-ambn Xmt\
D≠m-bn-Øo-cp∂ Ah-ÿm-t`Zw am{X-am-sW-∂t{X AXv a\-
n-em-°n-Ø-cp-∂-Xv. B]Øp t\cn-Sp-tºmƒ a\-t£m-`-Øm¬
Ic-bp-Ibpw apd-hn-fn-Iq-´p-Ibpw sNøp-I-sb-∂Xpw B t£m`w
AXns‚ D®n-bn¬ FØn-b-Xn¬∏ns∂ Xmt\ Iogvt∏m-ń-dßn
im¥-am-hp-Is
- b-∂Xpw a\p-jy-km-[m-cW- a- m-Ip-∂p. Cu c≠phn[
\ne- I fpw hnImct{]cn- X - ß - f mb imco- c n- I m- h - ÿ - I - f m-
bXpsIm≠v Ahbv°v k¬Kp-W-hp-ambn Hcp _‘-hp-an-√.

F∂m¬, Hcp-h≥ X\n-°p≈ GsX-¶nepw hkvXp \jvSs∏-Sp-
∂-Xm-bm¬ AXv ssZhw, Xs∂ `c-taev]n® kq£n∏p apX-em-
sW∂p IcpXn ]cm-Xn-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw ssZhw AXp Xncn®p
hmßn-bn-cn-°pI \nanØw Ahs‚ Aò-jvS-Øn\p Xm≥ hg-
ßp-I-bm-sW∂p ]d™p kam-[m-\n-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂-
XmWv [m¿ΩnI KpW-ß-fn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp∂ kln-jvWp-X. Cu
k¬Kp-WsØ kw_-‘n®p hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ \evIp∂ D]-tZ-
i-an-Xm-Wv.
""kXy-hn-izm-kn-Itf! \mw \nßsf `b-¶-cm-\p-`hw sIm≠pw

hni-∏n-s‚bpw Zmcn-{Z-Øn-s‚bpw B{I-aWw sIm≠pw [\-\miw
sIm≠pw Poh-m]mbwsIm≠pw D±n-jvS-Im-cy-ß-fn-ep≈ hn^-
eXsIm≠pw k¥m\ \jvSwsIm≠pw ]co-£n-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-
°pw. B]Øv t\cn-Sp∂ Ah-k-c-ß-fn¬, "Rßƒ ssZh-Øn\p
DS-a-s∏-´hcpw B DS-a-ÿs‚ ASp-°-te°pXs∂ aSßn-s®-
t√-≠-h-cp-as{X' F∂v ]d-bp∂ kln-jvWp-°ƒ°v ip`-hm¿Ø
\evIp-I. Ch-cn-emWv ssZh-Øn¬\n∂p≈ A\p-{K-lhpw Imcp-
Wyhpw; Ch-¿Xs∂-bmWv ssZh-am¿§sØ {]m]n-®n-cn-°p-∂-
h¿''(2:156,157).
Npcp-°-Øn¬, CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ kz`m-h-Øn-\mWv kl-\-
ioew F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. CXp-X-s∂-bmWv ssZth-jvS-Øn\p
hg-ßpI F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xpw. as‰mcp {]Im-c-Øn¬, Cu k¬Kp-
W-Øn\p \oXn-[¿Ωw F∂pw ]d-bmw. Fs¥-∂m¬, a\p-jy\p
Ahs‚ Pohn-X-Im-e-a-{Xbpw lnX-Imcyw sNbvXp sImSp-°p-
Ibpw Ahs‚ CjvS-a-\p-k-cn®v kl-t{km-]n-Im-cy-ßƒ shfn-
s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-°p-Ibpw Ah\p IW-°m-°m≥ Ign-bm-Øh-- Æw
A\p-{K-l-ßƒ \evIp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p∂ k¿∆m[n I¿Øm-
hmb ssZhw Xs‚ CjvSw A\p-k-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\p C—n-°p-

tºmƒ a\p-jy≥ sshap-Jy-w Im-´p-Ibpw Xncp-hp-≈-Øn\pIogv
hW-ßmsX apdp-ap-dp-°p-Ibpw am¿§ hyXn-N-e-\-Øn\p apXn-cp-
Ibpw sNøp-Is
- b-∂Xv tIhew \oXn-hn-cp-≤a
- m-bn-cn-°p-∂X
- m-Wv.
klm-\q-`qXn: a\pjy{]Ir-Xn-bn¬ Ahn-`m-Pyamwhn[w
A¥¿eo-\-am-bn-cn-°p∂ t_m[-i-‡n-I-fn-sem-∂mWv ka-kr-
jvSn-I-tfm-Sp≈ kl-Xm]w AYhm klm-\p-`qXn. kzPm-Xn-
kvt\lw F∂ at\m-hn-Imcw kl-P-ambnØs∂ k¿∆-PmXn
aX-ÿ-cnepw ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. sshIm-cnI t{]c-W°v hi-K-
cmbn A[n-I-P-\-ßfpw kz¥w PmXn-sb-tbm, kap-Zm-b-sØtbm
klm-bn-°p-∂-Xn\p CXc P\-ß-tfm-Sv, Ahsc a\p-jy-sc∂p
t]mepw Icp-Xm-Xn-cn-°p-am-dp≈ Xc-Øn¬ A\ym-bhpw A\o-
Xnbpw {]h¿Øn-°m-dp-≠v. Cu kz`mhw k¬Kp-W-ambn hnNm-
cn-°m-\m-hp-∂-X-√. adn®v AXp tIhew sshIm-cn-Im-h-ÿ-
bmsW-∂mWv ]d-tb-≠n-bncn-°p-∂X - v. Cu {]IrXn[¿Ωw Im°
XpS- ß nb ]£n h¿§- ß - f n¬t]mepw hym]- c n- ° p- ∂ - X mbn
ImWmw. Im° NØm¬ ]c- k - l {kw Im°- I ƒ AhnsS
Hcpan®pIqSp-∂p. Cu kz`mhw a\p-jy\p `qjWamb k¬Kp-
W-ambnØocp-∂Xv AXns\ \oXn°pw \ymb-Øn\pw A\p-k-
cn®v kµ¿ù- N n- X y- t ØmSpIqSn {]Z¿in- ∏ n- ° p- t ºm- g m- W v .
Cßs\ bYm¿lhpw HuNn-Xym-\p-km-chpw {]Z¿in-∏n-°s∏Sp-
∂Xpaqew al-ZvKp-Wa - m-bn-Øo-cp∂ Cu kl-Xm-]k - z-`m-hØ - n\p
Ad-_n-bn¬ ‘aphm-kmØv’ F∂p ]d-bp-∂p. CXp hnj-b-I-
ambn hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-I-bmWv:
""\nßƒ
\nß-fpsS P\-Øn\p sNøp∂ kl-Xm-]hpw klm-bhpw kZv{]-
hr-Øn-bnepw `‡n-am¿§-Ønepw Bbn-cn-t°-≠-XmWv; Zp¿hr-
Øn-bnepw A{I-a-Ønepw \nßƒ Ahsc klm-bn-°m-Xn-cn-
°p-I''(5:3).
""\nßƒ kzk-ap-Zm-b-tØmSp kl-Xm]w ImWn-°p-∂-Xn¬

£oWn-°-cp-Xv... \nßƒ h©-I¿°pth≠n X¿°n-°p-I-bp-a-cp-
Xv... At\ym\yw hnizmkh©\ sNøp-∂-h-cpsS Imcy-Øn¬
hmZn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-hn≥; \n›-b-ambpw ssZhw h©-
I-tcbpw ]m]n-I-tfbpw kvt\ln-°p-∂n-√''(44:105,106,108).
ssZh-Øns‚ kØ
a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn-bn¬ eo\-am-bn-°n-S-°p∂ t_m[i-‡n-I-
fn¬ H∂m-Ip∂p k¿∆-k-a¿∞-amb Hcp kØ-sb-°p-dn-®p≈
At\z-jW _p≤n. B ]c-am¿∞ kØ-bn-te°v a\p-jys\
t{]cn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp BI¿jWi‡n lrZ-bm-¥-cm-f-Øn¬
\n£n-]vX-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. Cu BI¿j-W-Øns‚ AYhm
At\z- j W_p≤n- b psS Nn”w inip- h n¬ AXns‚ P\- \ -
tØmSpIqSnØs∂ {]Im-in®pXpS-ßp-∂p. P\n®phoW DSs\
inip AXns‚ P∑-kn-≤-amb Bfl-t_m-[-Øm¬ t{]cn-X-ambn
amXm-hns‚t\¿°v Nmbp-∂p. {]Ir-Xym-Xs∂ AXn\p X≈-
tbmSp {]tXyIw kv t \l- a p- ≈ - X mbn ImWmw. AXns‚
A¥¿t_m-[-ßfpw i‡n-Ifpw hnI-kn®p hcp-t¥mdpw Cu
{]IrXn KpWhpw ]q¿∆m-[nIw {]Im-in®p sIm≠n-cn-°pw. HSp-
hn¬ A¥¿\n-£n-]vX-amb Cu kvt\l-i‡n kv]jvS-amb
\ne-bn¬ shfn-s∏-Sp-∂p. At∏mƒ kzam-Xm-hns‚ aSn-bn¬
A√msX as‰ßpw inip kzmÿyw Is≠-Øp-I-bn-√. amXm-
hns‚ kvt\l-akr-W-amb emf-\m-enw-K-\-ß-fn-emWv AXp
]q¿Æ-amb kam-[m-\hpw kzÿ-Xbpw A\p-`-hn-°p-I. X≈-
bpsS ASp-°¬\n∂p th¿s∏-Sp-Øs∏-Sp∂]£w AXns‚
kt¥mj kwXr-]vXn-Iƒ k¥m-]-ß-fmbn amdn-t∏m-Ip-∂p. Cu
ZpxJw as‰mcp A\p-{K-lhpw aqew ]cn-lc - n-°s
- ∏-Sp-∂X
- √
- . amXm-
hns‚ amdn-S-Øn-e-√msX AXn\p bYm¿∞-amb kam-[m-\hpw
kwXr-]vXnbpw A\p-`-h-am-Ip-∂n-√. C{]-Imcw inip-hns\ amXr-
\n-I-S-Øn-te°v hen®psIm≠pt]mIp∂ BI¿jWi‡n
F¥m-bn-cn°mw? AXv bYm¿∞ `‡ym-cm-[-\-Iƒ°¿l-\mb
kr„nI¿Øm- h n- t e°v a\p- j ys\ Xncn®phnSp- ∂ - X n\p
inip{]Ir-Xn-bn¬ \n£n-]vX-am-bn-cn-°p∂ kvt\l-i-‡n-b-
√msX as‰m-∂p-a-√.
a\p-jy≥ _mlyhkvXp-°-fn¬ kvt\l-_‘w {]Z¿in-∏n-

°p-tºm-sg√mw Cu BI¿jWi‡n Xs∂-bmWv Ah-\n¬
{]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv. Ah≥ GXv hkvXp-hn¬ kvt\lw ImWn-
°p-∂-Xm-bmepw CtX BI¿jW i‡n-bmWv {]Xn-^-en-°p-
∂-Xv. Cßs\ Ah≥ _mly-h-kvXp-°-fn¬ t{]aw Im´p-∂Xv
]c-am¿∞-amb e£yhkvXp-hns\ Xnc-bp-∂-Xn-\m-bp≈ B
kzm`m- h nI t_m[- Ø m¬ t{]cn- X - a m- b n- ´ m- s W∂p ]d- b mw.
If™p t]mbXpw t]cpt]mepw ad-∂-Xp-amb Hcp km[\w
Xnc™p \S-°p∂ Hcp-h≥ Xs‚ ZrjvSn°v e£o-`-hn-°p∂
Hmtcm hkvXp-hnepw AXns\ At\z-jn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-bmWv
a\p-jy≥ _mly-h-kvXp-°-fn-se√mw Xs‚ e£y hkvXp-hns\
Xnc-bp-∂-Xv. AXn-\m¬, Ah\p [\-Ønepw k¥m-\-Ønepw
`mcy-bn-ep-ap≈ kvt\lhpw am[p-cy-ta-dnb kzc-hn-ti-j-ß-fn-
ep-≈ Xm¬]-cy-hp-sa√mw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv A⁄m-X-amb B
t{]ae£ysØ kw_-‘n® At\z-j-W-am-Wv. F∂m¬, k¿∆
hkvXp-°-fnepw Dujvam-sh∂t]mse ]tcm-£-ambn ÿnXn
sNøp∂ AXy¥w kq£-vahpw \nKq-V-hp-amb B k¿∆mflI
i‡nsb a\p-jys‚ _mly-Zr-„n°v ImWp-hmt\m A]q¿Æ-
amb _p≤ni‡n°v {]m]n-°p-hmt\m km≤y-a-√. AXn-\m¬,
B Ahy‡ i‡nsb Xncn-®-dn-bp∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ a\p-jy\p
henb A_-≤-ßƒ ]nW™p t]mbn-´p-≠v. Cu A_-≤-ßƒ
aqeamWv Acq-]-\mb krjvSnI¿Øm-hn\pam{Xw Ah-Im-i-s∏´
`‡n-`m-h-ßƒ krjvShkvXp-°-fn¬ A¿∏n-°-s∏-Sp-am-dm-bn-cn-
°p-∂-Xv. Cu {]am-ZsØ hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ ZrjvSm¥ cqt]W
`wKn-bmbn FSpØp ImWn-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. AXv Cu Zriy{]]-
©sØ, ASn-Ø-ń¬ sXfn-hm¿∂ IÆmSn ]Sp-Øn-´p-≈Xpw
AXn∂-Sn-bn¬°qsS i‡n-bmbn Pew {]h-ln-°p-am-dm-°n-b-
Xp-amb kv^SnI ku[-tØmSp D]-an-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ]fp¶p Xńs‚
D]-cn-`mKw Z¿in-°p∂ GXv DZm-ko\{ZjvSmhpw IÆm-Snsb
sh≈-sa∂p sX‰p-[-cn-°p-I-bpw, sh≈-Øn¬°qsS IS∂p
t]mIp-∂-Xn-s\-∂-t]mse AXnt∑¬ \S-°p-hm≥ i¶n-°p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p. AXm-Is´ ASn-bn-ep≈ PesØ {]Xn-_nw-_n®p
ImWn-°p∂ kz—-kv^-SnIw am{X-am-Wv. CtX-{]-Im-cw, BIm-
i-Øn¬ Ncn-°p-∂X - mbn ImW-s∏-Sp∂ kqcy-N{- µ{K-lß - ƒ Ah-
bpsS ]n∂n¬ {]h¿Øn®psIm≠n-cn-°p∂ B k¿t∆m¬°r„

kØ-bpsS km∂n-≤y-sØ-bmWv shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬
{]k-∂-amb IÆmSnsb D]-cn-π-h-ZrjvSn sh≈-sa∂p sX‰p[-
cn-®Xpt]mep≈ Hcp hymtam-l-Øm¬ a\p-jys‚ tZzmjm-\zn-
X-amb hnth-N\i‡n \`-›-c-ß-fmb tKmf-ß-fpsS apºn¬
`‡n- ] q¿∆w hW- ß p- ∂ p. Cu kv ^ SnI k¶m- i - ß - f mb
tPymXn¿tKm-f-ß-fn-eqsS kzbw {]Xy£s∏-Sp∂ B k¿∆m-
flIi‡n Ah- b n¬\ns∂√mw hyXn- c n- ‡ - a mb H∂m- W v .
F∂m¬, krjvSn]qP-Ic - mb _lp-ssZh hnizm-kn-Iƒ Cu {]m]-
©nIhkvXp-°fn¬°qsS {]Im-in-Xa - m-Ip∂ B ktXyI i‡n-
bpsS KpW-I¿Ω-ßsf Cu PV-h-kvXp-°-fn¬Øs∂ Btcm-
]n®v Ahbv°v ssZhXzw Iev]n-°p-∂Xp tIhew Ah-cpsS
ZrjvSnhnIev]w sIm≠m-Ip-∂p. Cu kwK-Xn-sb-bmWv Cu Jp¿-
B≥ hmIyw {]Xy-£a - m-°p-∂X
- .v (CXv
\o i¶n-°p-∂Xpt]mse sh≈-a-√) ""an\p-k-ta-dnb IÆmSn ]Sp-
Øn-´p≈ ku[w am{X-am-Wv''(27:45).
Npcp-°n-∏-d-bp-∂-Xm-bm¬, ssZhw kzbw {]Imi-I-\m-sW-
¶nepw AXy¥w \nKq-V\pw Ahy-‡-\p-am-bn-ń-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.
X≥aqew B k¿∆m-[n-I¿Øm-hns\ kw_-‘n® \n›-b-⁄m-
\-Øn-te°v \sΩ \bn-°p-∂-Xn\v Cu ÿqe{]]-©-Øn¬
ImW-s∏-Sp∂ hyh-ÿnXnam{Xw ]cym-]vX-am-hp-I-bn-√. AXp-
sIm-≠mWv Cu Zriy-{]-]-©-Ønse kwhn-[m-\sØ Ah-ew-
_n®p hnNn-¥\w sNbvXn-´p-≈-h¿°v Fßpw \nd™p ImWm-
hp-∂ ]cn-]q¿Æhyh-ÿnXnbpw {Ia-]-≤-Xnbpw {]Ir-Xn-bpsS
\nc-h[n A¤p-X-ßfpw I≠m-\-µn-°p-hm\pw BIm-i-Ønepw
`qan-bnepw kq£-vam-h-tem-I\w sNbvXv {]IrXnimkv{Xw,
tPymXnimkv{Xw, XØz-⁄m\w F∂n-h-bn¬ ss\]pWyw
t\Sp-hm\pw km[n-®-X-√m-sX, Ncm-N-cm-fl-I-amb Cu hniz-I-
Sm-l-Øn\p {kjvSmhpw c£n-Xm-hp-amb Hcp ssZh-ap-s≠-∂p≈
ZrV-t_m[w hcp-Øp-∂-Xn\p km[n-°m-Xn-cp-∂-Xv. Ah¿°v
ssZh-Øns‚ kØsb°pdn-®p≈ ktµ-l-ß-fm-Ip∂ A‘-
Imc]S- e - Ø n¬\n∂p ap‡- c m- h m≥ Ign- ™ n- √ . Ah- c n¬
A[nIwt]cpw ]e A_-≤-[m-c-W-Iƒ°pw hi-K-cm-hp-Ibpw
\nc¿∞-ß-fmb Dulm-t]m-l-ß-fn¬ IpSp-ßn-t∏m-hp-I-bp-am-Wp-

≠m-b-Xv. F∂m¬, {]]©I¿Øm-hn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ At\z-j-
W-Øn¬ Ah-cpsS hn⁄m\w Ah¿°p h√ hn[-Ønepw klm-
b-I-am-bn-´p-s≠-¶n¬, AXv Cu ]cn-]q¿Æhpw A\yq-\-hp-amb
{]Ir-Xn-kw-hn-[m\w kwho-£n-®-t∏mƒ Cu kphy-h-ÿn-X-amb
{]]-©-{IaØn\p Xo¿®-bmbpw Hcp I¿Ømhpw \nbm-a-I-\p-ap-
≠m-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂p≈ A\p-am-\-Øn¬ Ah¿ FØnt®¿∂p
F∂-Xp-am-{X-am-Wv. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Cu t_m[w Cuiz-c-k-
Øsb kw_-‘n-®n--S -tØmfw A]q¿Æhpw A]-Iz-hp-amb Adn-
h-s{X. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬, hnkvab - m-hl
- a
- mb hyh-ÿn-Xn-tbm-
Sp-Iq-Snb Cu {]]-©-Øn\p Hcp I¿Øm-hp-≠m-bn-cn-°-W-sa-
∂p≈ A\p-am-\-Øn\pw bYm¿∞-Øn¬ Ah≥ Ds≠-∂p≈
\n›b ⁄m\-Øn\pw XΩn¬ hfsc A¥-c-ap-≠v. k¶ev]-
⁄m-\-am-Is´ a\-n\p icn-bmb kam-[m-\hpw kwXr-]vXnbpw
\evIp-Itbm ktµ-l-ßsf \nt»jw Zqco-I-cn-°p-Itbm sNøp-
∂-Xn\p ]cym-]vX-a-√. ssZhsØ kw_-‘n®p ]cn-]q¿Æhpw
]c-am¿∞-hp-amb ⁄m\-e-_v[n-°mbn a\p-jy\p kz`m-th-\-
bp≈ B¿Ønsb ian-∏n-°p-∂-Xnt\m X¬hn-j-b-I-ambn Ah-
\p-≠m-Ip∂ kwi-b-ßsf AI-‰p-∂-Xnt\m ]cym-]vX-amb ckm-
b-\-]m-\o-b-hp-a√ AXv. {]IrXn ]T\w sIm≠p-≠m-Ip∂ B
A]-Iz-⁄m\w \yq\-Xm-]q¿Æhpw A]-I-S-I-c-hp-am-Wv. Fs¥-
∂m¬, AXn¬ kmc-kw-bp-‡a - mb bmYm¿∞y-sØ-°mƒ i_vZ-
tIm-em-l-e-amWv A[n-Iw.
ssZhw kwkm-cn-°p-∂p
F¥n-\-[nIw! {]Ir-Xn-bn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp∂ I¿Ω-Iu-i-ey-
Øm¬ k¿∆i- ‡ - \ mb ssZhw kzbw {]Xy- £ - \ m- I p- ∂
t]mseXs∂ Xs‚ hN-\-ßƒaqehpw kzZm-k¿°v shfn-s∏-
SmØ ]£w, Ahs‚ I¿ΩIpi-e-Xsb \nco-£Ww sNbvXp-
sIm-≠p≈ bp‡-n]-c-amb BkvXnIt_m[w Hcn-°epw Xr]vXn-
I-c-am-Ip-∂-X-√. DZm-l-c-W-am-bn, apdn-bpsS hmXn-ep-I-sf√mw
AIØp\n∂pw AS-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn ImW-s∏-Sp∂ ]£w, Ah
AIØp\n∂p _‘n® Hcmƒ AhnsS Ds≠-∂m-bn-cn-°p-at√m
\mw A\p-am-\n-°p-I. Imc-Ww, AIsØ km£ ]pdsa\n∂p
CSpI km≤y-a-√-t√m. F∂m¬, Iptd-Im-e-am-bn´v B apdn-bn¬

\n∂p Hcp i_vZhpw tIƒ°m-Xn-cn-°p-I-bpw, ]pdta\n∂p XpS-
sc-Øp-S-sc-bm-bp≈ A[n-I-Im-esØ hnfn°v DØcw e`n-°m-
Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-sh-¶n-tem, AXn-\p-≈n¬ Btcm Ds≠-
∂p≈ A`n-{]mbw \mw amt‰-≠-Xmbn hcp-∂p. F∂-√, AXn-\-
IØv Hcm-fp-an-s√∂pw A⁄m-X-amb GtXm Imc-W-h-im¬
AIsØ km£ hoW-Xm-bn-cn-°m-sa∂pw \mw hnNm-cn-°p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p. Cu Zriy{]-]-©-Øns‚ I¿Øm-hmb ssZh-Øns‚
kØ-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ XØz-im-kv{X-⁄∑m-cpsS At\z-jWw
I¿Ω-Iu-i-ey-am-hp∂ GI hnj-bsØ Bkv]-Z-am-°n-s°m-≠p-
≈-Xm-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ah¿°v A\p-`-h-am-bXpw CXp-X-s∂-
bm-Wv. Cu ùXnIhkvXp-°f - psS ASn-bn¬\n∂pam{Xw krjvSn-
I¿Øm-hns\ At\z-jn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn-\p≈ {iaw A]-Y-Øn-em-
sWt∂ ]d-tb-≠-Xp-≈q. alm-a-l-Øz-hm\pw kPo-h-\p-am-bn-cn-
°p∂ ssZh-sØ, aÆn-\-Sn-bn¬ Ipgn®p t\m°n-bm¬ am{Xw
ImWm-hp∂ ih-i-cocw IWs° Icp-Xp-∂Xv òa-amb A_-≤-
am-Ip-∂p. ssZhw temI-Øn\p {]Xy-£o-`-hn-°p-∂-Xn\p a\p-
jys‚ klm-bhpw {]bXv-\hpw Bh-iy-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂p
hnNm-cn-°p-∂Xp _o`-’-amb hnNm-c-a-s{X. ssZhw Aß-s\-
bp≈h\m-sW-¶n¬ Ah≥ \ΩpsS {]Xym-i-I-fpsS tI{µ-am-
bn-cn-°m-hp-∂-X-√. ssZhw Xs‚ Xncp-ap-J-sØ krjvSn-Iƒ°v
shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-°p-Itbm Ah¿ kzb-tah ssZh-Øns‚
Däsb Adn-bp-∂-Xn\v am¿§w I≠p]nSn-°p-Itbm F¥mWv
th≠Xv? A\m-Zy-¥\pw AZr-iy-\p-amb ssZhw ]t≠ Xs‚
hy‡hpw A\p-{K-l-]q¿Æ-hp-amb hN-\-ßƒaqew kzkm-∂n-
≤ysØ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw AXp-hgn P\-ßsf X∂n-te°v
£Wn-°p-I-bpw sNbvXp-h-∂n-´p-≠v. a\p-jys‚ {]bXv\w C√m-
bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ \nXy\pw k\m-X-\p-amb {]]-©m-[o-i≥
Ahs‚ krjvSn-Iƒ°v Hcn-°epw Adn-b-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p-
sht∂m Cu hnjb-Øn¬ ssZhw a\p-jy\p IS-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p-
sht∂m XØz- ⁄ m- \ n- I ƒ C√m- b n- c p- ∂ p- s h- ¶ n¬ {]]©
I¿Ømhv A⁄m-X-\mbnØs∂ Ccn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p-sht∂m
hnNm-cn-°p-∂psh-¶n¬, AXp henb [n°m-c-am-sW∂pthWw
]d-bm≥. ssZh-Øns‚ kØ-sb-°p-dn®p Ahs‚ i_vZ{- i-hWw
aqew e`y-am-Ip∂ kv]jvS-amb sXfn-hn-s\, Ah\v kwkm-cn-

°m≥ \mhpt≠m F∂p ]d™p A]-e-]n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬
BkvXnI t_m[-Øn\p \nc-°mØ B hmZw \nc¿∞-Ihpw
\ymb-hn-cp-≤-hp-am-Ip-∂p. ssZhw BIm-i-tKm-f-ßsfbpw `qan-
sbbpw PUn-I-amb Ic-ßƒIqSmsX krjvSn-®nt√? k¿∆-km-
£n-bmbn hmgp∂ Ah≥ amwk-Zr-jvSn-IƒIqSmsXXs∂ Cu
{]]-©-am-k-Iew ImWp∂nt√? \Ωp-tSXpt]mep≈ sNhn-I-
fn-√m-Xn-cp-∂n´pw Ah≥ Xs‚ Zmk-cpsS i_vZ-ßƒ tIƒ°p-
∂nt√? At∏mƒ Ah≥ amwk-Pn-lz-Iq-Sm-sX-Xs∂ kwkm-cn-
t°-≠-Xp-at√? ]q¿∆-Im-e-ß-fn¬ ssZhw a\p-jy-tcmSp kwkm-
cn-°p-Ibpw Xs∂-°p-dn®v Ah¿°v Adnhp \evIp-Ibpw sNbvXn-
cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw Ct∏mƒ Ah≥ kwkm-cn-°p-∂n√ F∂p ]d-
bp-∂Xp tIhew ASn-ÿm\ cln-X-am-Ip-∂p. Ahs‚ kw`m-
jW kwt_m-[-\m-Zn-Isf GsX-¶nepw {]tXyI bpK-tØmSp
_‘n®p \ndp-Øp-hm≥ \mw A[n-Ir-X-c-√-t√m. ]≠p Ime-ß-
fn¬ kwkm-cn-®n-cp∂ At`-Z-\mb ssZhw Ct∏mgpw kwkm-cn-
°p-Ibpw Ahs\ lrZb kmI-ey-tØmSp IqSn At\z-jn®p
sIm≠n-cn-°p∂ Zmksc Xs‚ hN-\-ßƒ sIm≠-\p-{K-ln-°p-
Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Ahs‚ hc-{]-km-Z-ß-fpsS Ihm-S-ßƒ ]q¿∆-
Im- e - ß - f n- s e∂t]mse Ct∏mgpw Xpd∂pInS- ° p- ∂ p- ≠ v .
k∑m¿§-Z¿i-\-Øn-\m-bn´v Ah-iy-am-hiy-I-ß-fmb \nb-a-]-≤-
Xn-I-sfbpw \oXnXØz-ß-sfbpw t{ImUo-I-cn®psIm≠p≈
CkvemanI [¿Ωimkv{Xw, ssZh-Øn¬\n∂p ]pXnb \nb-a-
im-kv{X-Øns‚ Bh-iy-I-Xsb C√m-Xm-°n-Øo¿Øn-´p-s≠-∂-
Xpw, {]hm-N-I-Xzhpw {]h-N-\hpw \ΩpsS hnip≤\_n-\m-b-
I¿(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bn¬ ]q¿ÆX {]m]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂Xpw
Ahn-X¿°n-X-am-sW-∂n-cn-°nepw ssZh-Øns‚ kwkmc]c-ºc
\ne®pt]mbn-ń-√. F∂m¬, ssZhn-I-amb Cu ]cn-]q¿Æ {]`m-
]qcw Ah-km-\-ambn Ad_v cmPy-Øn¬\n∂p shfn-s∏-S-W-sa-
∂p-≈Xp ssZh-Iev]n-X-am-bn-cp-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ Cu k¶ev]-
Øn\v Hcp-t±-iy-ap-s≠∂p \ap°v ImWp-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xm-Wv.
Ad-_n-Iƒ, Ckvdm-bo¬ hwiy-cp-am-bp≈ kIehn[ _‘-
ßfn¬\n∂pw th¿s∏´v ]mdm≥(-A-d-_n-bn¬ ^mdm≥) F∂
hnP\{]tZ-i-Øn¬ ssZhm-[o-\-Øm¬ X≈n-hn-S-s∏´ Ckvam-
bo-ens‚ k¥-Xn-I-fm-Ip-∂p. ^mdm≥ F∂ Ad_n hm°ns‚

A¿∞w "HmSn- t ∏mb c≠p t]¿' F∂m- W v . Ckv a mbo¬,
CkvlmJn-t\m-sSm∏w Ah-Im-in-bm-bn-cn-°p-I-bn√ F∂p ]d-
b-s∏-ń-´p≈ {]ImcwXs∂ lZvdØv C_vdm-low- \-_n-bm¬
th¿s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏´ Ckvam-bo-ey¿°v, Ckvdm-bo¬ \nb-a-Øn¬
Hcp ]¶p-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p. Cßs\ _‘pP\-ß-fm¬ ]cn-Xy-Pn-
°-s∏-´-h-cm-bn-cp∂p Ah¿. as‰mcp h¿§-°m-cp-ambpw Ah¿°v
_‘-pXz-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. CXc cmPy-ß-fn-se√mw ssZh-Øns‚
{]hm-N-I∑mcpsS {]t_m[\ßƒ Hcn-°-e-s√-¶n¬ as‰m-cn-°¬
hym]n-®n-´p-s≠∂p A\p-am-\n-°m-hp∂ Xc-Øn-ep≈ \nb-aX - Øz-
ß-fpsSbpw Bcm-[\m k{º-Zm-b-ß-fp-sSbpw Gsd-°psd Nn”-
ßƒ ImWp-hm-\p-≠v. F∂m¬, Ad_v cmPy-am-Is´ Cß-s\-
bp≈ {]t_m-[-\-ß-sf-°p-dn®v tIhew A⁄-X-tbmSp IqSn-
bmWv h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. Xs∂-bp-a-√, Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ AXp
at‰Xp cmPy-sØ-°mfpw G‰hpw ]n∂-Wn-bn-em-bn-cp∂p Xm\pw.
X≥\n-anØw \nb-a-Zm-\-]-c-amb {]hm-N-I-Xz-Øns‚ A¥y-cwKw
Ad_v cmPy-am-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂pw Ahn-SpsØ {]hm-N-Is‚
ZuXyw km¿∆-P-\o-\-am-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂p-ap≈Xv ssZh-Iev]n-X-
am-bn-cp-∂p. B {]hm-NIt{ijvT≥ k¿∆-P-\-X-I-sfbpw A\p-
{K-ln-°p-∂-Xn\pw Ah-cn¬ IpSn-sIm-≠n-cp∂ tZmj-ßsf ]cn-
l-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pwth≠n BK-X-\m-bn. At±lw sIm≠ph∂n-
cn-°p∂ [¿Ωimkv{Xw C\n Hcp \oXn imkv{X {KŸ-Øn-
s‚bpw Bh-iy-an-√mØhn[w ]cn-]q¿Æ-am-b-Xm-Ip-∂p. B \nb-
a- { K- Ÿ - Ø nse ]cn- j v I - c W]≤- X n- I ƒ ]q¿∆- a - X - { K- Ÿ -
ßfnteXpt]mse GsX-¶nepw {]tXyI kap-Zm-b-Øn\p am{X-
ap-≈-X-√. AXv k¿∆-Pm-Xn-a-X-ÿ-cnepw ]cn-jvImc kwkvIm-c-
ßƒ hcp- Ø n- Ø o¿°p- ∂ - X n- \ p- ≈ - X m- W v. a\pjys‚
[m¿ΩnIin£-W-Øn\p AXym-h-iy-amb kIe ]≤-Xn-I-
sfbpw AXp hnh-cn-®n-´p-≠v. A]-cn-jvIr-X-cmb Im´m-fsc am\p-
jn-I-amb kwk¿§- X-tØzmZvt_m[\w aptJ\ kmap-Zm-bnI
Pohn- I - f m- ° p- I bpw A\- ¥ cw Ahsc D¬°r- j v S - ß - f mb
k∑m¿§]mT-ßƒaqew [m¿ΩnI Pohn-I-fm-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-
Xn\p AXp hyhÿ sNbvXn-´p-ap-≠v. Cu \oXn imkv{X {KŸ-
amb hnip≤Jp¿-B-\t{X {]Ir-Xym-ep≈ kz`m-h-ß-sfbpw
D¬°rjvS [m¿ΩnIKpW-ß-sfbpw XΩn¬ th¿Xn-cn®p Ah-

bpsS hyXn-cn-‡-`m-hsØ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXp
a\p-jys\ {]mIr-Xm-h-ÿ-bn¬\n∂p [m¿Ωn-Im-h-ÿ-bm-Ip∂
D¬°r-jvS-ÿm-\-tØ°v Db¿Øp-∂XpsIm≠pam{Xw Xr]vXn-
s∏-Sm-sX, AXn-\∏
- p-da
- p≈ B≤ym-fln-Im-hÿ- b
- n-te°v Ahs\
FØn-°p-∂-Xn\p ]cym-]vX-amb hnip≤⁄m\-Øns‚ Ihm-S-
ßƒ Xpd∂p sh°pIIqSn sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. A{X-bp-a-√, AXp
e£-°-W-°n-ep-≈ P\-ßsf ]c-am¿∞⁄m\waqew {]_p-
≤-cm°n ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ B\-bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p.
C{]-Imcw ap≥{]-kvXm-hn® a\p-jys‚ aq∂phn[ Ah-ÿ-Isf
kw_-‘n®p B hninjvS{KŸw ]cn-]q¿Æ-amb ]cn-jvI-c-W-
]-≤-Xn-Iƒ \n¿t±-in-®n-´p-≠v. hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ [m¿ΩnI ]cn-
jvI-c-W-Øn\p AXym-h-iy-Iß-fmb \n¿t±-i-ß-fpsS AXn-hym-
]-I-amb kwln-X-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂Xp sIm≠v AXns‚ ]cn-]q¿Æ-
X-sbbpw t{ijvT-Xsbbpw AXv kv]jvS-ambpw hmZn-®n-cn-°p-
∂Xp ImWmw. AXv ]d-bp-∂-Xn-ß-s\-bmWv:
""Ct∂ Znhkw Rm≥ \nßƒ°v \nß-fpsS aXw ]cn-]q¿Æ-

am-°n-Ø-cp-Ibpw Fs‚ A\p-{Klw \nß-fn¬ ]q¿ØoI-cn-°p-
Ibpw \nßƒ°v Ckvemans\ aX-ambn Rm≥ Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-
Ibpw sNbv X n- c n- ° p- ∂ p''(5:4). Ckv e man¬ aXw AXns‚
]q¿ÆX {]m]n-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂p Cu Jp¿-B≥ hmIyw Du∂n-
∏-d-bp-∂p. AXm-b-Xv, aX-Øns‚ ]cn-]q¿Æ-amb Ahÿ
"Ckvemw' F∂ hm°ns‚ A¿∞-Øn¬ Dƒs°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p
F∂pXs∂. hmN-Im-¥-tcW ]d-bp-∂-Xm-bm¬, ssZth-jvS-
Øn\p ]q¿Æ-amb \ne-bn¬ hgn-s∏´v Bfl-Xym-KØ - m¬ XymKw
shdpw hm°n¬ am{X-am-bn-cn-°msX {]hrØn cqt]W {]Xy-
£o-I-cn-°p-∂Xpaqew tamt£m-]-e-_v[nsb A¿ln-°p∂ ]c-
a-amb A\p-k-c-W-]-Y-amWv Ckvemw F∂Xp sIm≠p hnh-
£nXam-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu Ah-ÿ-bn¬ kIe t{ijvT
KpW-ßfpw sN∂-h-km-\n-°p-∂p.
F∂m¬, A]q¿Æ-amb _p≤ni‡nsb am{Xw B{i-bn®p

h¿Øn® XØz-im-kv{X-⁄≥am¿°v km£m¬ ssZhsØ
Is≠-Øp-hm≥ Ign-™n-√. hnip≤Jp¿-B-\m-Is´ B ktXyI
ssZhsØ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn\p icn-bmb ⁄m\-am¿§w {]Zm\w
sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. {]]-©-I¿Øm-hns\ kw_-‘n®p ]c-am¿∞
t_m[-ap-≠m-°n-Ø-cp-∂-Xn\p B ]hn-{X-{KŸw c≠p am¿§-
amWv \n¿t±-in-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. H∂v, {]IrXn\nb-a-ß-fn¬\n∂p
ssZh-Øns‚ kØsb \n¿Æ-bn-®-dn-bm≥ ka¿∞-am-I-Ø°
hn[w a\p-jys‚ hnth-N\i‡n _e-hØpw Xo£vW-X-chpw
Bbn-Øo-cp-∂Xpw A_-≤-Øn-te°v hyXn-N-en-°msX kpc-£n-
X-ambn `hn-°p-∂X- p-amb am¿§-am-Ip-∂p. hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ \n¿t±-
in-®n-cn-°p∂ c≠m-asØ am¿§w B≤ym-fln-I-amb ]≤-Xn-bm-
Ip-∂p. CXns\ kw_-‘n®p aq∂mw {]iv\-Øns‚ DØ-c-Øn¬
{]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.
ssZhm-kvXn-Xz-Øn-\p≈ sXfn-hp-Iƒ
H∂m-asØ am¿§-ambn hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ ssZh-Øns‚
kØsb sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xn\v a\p-jys‚ hnth-I-⁄m-\sØ
£Wn®psIm≠v {]_-e-amb ]e bp‡n-Ifpw FSpØp ImWn-
®n-cn-°p-∂p. AXv Hcp ÿeØv ]d-bp-∂-Xn-ß-s\-bmWv:
""Rß- f psS d∫v F√m
hkvXp-hn\pw AX-Xns‚ {]Ir-Xn-°-\p-tbm-Py-amb krjvSnsb
{]Zm\w sNøp-Ibpw A\-¥cw AXn\p \n›n-X-amb ]cn-]q¿Æ-
X-bn-te°v FØn-t®-cp-hm≥ D]-Z¿i\w \evIp-Ibpw sNbvXn-
cn-°p-∂-h-\-s{X''(20:51). a\p-jy≥XpSßn Ic-bnepw IS-enepw
hmbp-a-fi-e-Øn-ep-ap≈ F√m Pohn-I-fp-sSbpw ico-c-L-S-\sb
]cn-tim-[n-°p-Ibpw Ah-bpsS {]Ir-Xn-sb-°p-dn®p Nn¥n-°p-
Ibpw sNøp- ∂ - X m- b m¬ F√mw Ah- b psS {]Ir- X n°v
tbmPn®hn[w krjvSn-°s∏ńcn-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWmw. Cu
hnjbw Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw th≠{X Nn¥n®p t\m°p-hm≥
am{Xw hn]p-e-X-c-am-bn-´p-≈XmWv.
ssZh-Øns‚ kØsb ÿm]n-°p-∂X - n\v hnip≤Jp¿-B≥
ImWn-°p∂ as‰mcp sXfnhv Ah≥ ImcW I¿Ømhv AYhm
BZn Imc-W≥ BsW-∂p-≈-Xm-Wv. AXv ]d-bp∂p;

""Imcy-Im-cW]c-ºc apgp-h\pw \ns‚ \mY-
\n¬ Ah-km-\n-°p-∂p''(53:43).
tKmN-cm-tKm-Nc-ß-fmb kIe hkvXp-°fpw Imcy-Im-c-W-
hy-h-ÿn-XntbmSp kwL-Sn-X-ß-fm-bn-cn-°p∂p F∂ kwKXn
kq£va\ - n-co-£WwsIm≠p ImWm-hp-∂X
- m-Wv. Cu hyh-ÿnXn-
bpsS km¿∆-{Xn-I-amb {]h¿Ø-\-amWv \mw ImWp∂ hnhn-[-
ß-fmb imkv{X-ß-fp-sSbpw XØz-⁄m-\-ß-fp-sSbpw D¬]-
Øn°pw hf¿®bv°pw Imc-W-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. krjvSntemI-
Øns‚ Hcw-ihpw Cu Imcy-Im-c-W-_-‘-Øns‚ hyh-ÿnXn-
bn¬\n∂v _ln¿§-an-°p-∂n-√. NneXv a‰p Nne-Xp-Iƒ°v auenI
{]am-W-ß-fmbpw NneXv imJIfmbpw ÿnXn sNøp-∂p; kzbw
ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂-Xmb BZn-Im-c-W-sam-gnsI F√m Hmtcm Imc-
Whpw as‰mcp Imc-WsØ Ah-ew-_n-®n-cn-°pw. B ImcWw
thsdmcp Imc-W-Øns‚ ê-am-Ip-∂p. Cßs\ Cu Imc-W-]-
c-ºc ]nd-tIm´p t]mbn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬, A\-
¥- a - √ mØ Cu {]]- © - Ø n¬ \S∂p- s Im- ≠ n- c n- ° p∂ Cu
ImcyImcW ]c-ºc A\-¥-am-bn-cn-°m≥ ]mSn-√m-ØXpsIm≠v
AXv GsX-¶n-ep-samcp ÿm\Øp Ah-km-\n-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-
∂p. Cßs\ G‰hpw HSp-hn-e-tØ-Xmbn ImW-s∏-Sp∂ B
ImcWw {]]©I¿Ømhp Xs∂-bm-Wv. "Imcy-Im-cW ]c-ºc
apgp-h\pw \ns‚ \mY-\n¬ Ah-km-\n-°p∂p' F∂ {]kvXpX
ssZh-hmIyw Cu A¥n-a-Im-c-W-Øn-te°v AYhm BZn-Im-c-
W-Øn-te-°mWv \ΩpsS {i≤sb BI¿jn-°p-∂-Xv.
Cuiz- c - k - Ø sb sXfn- b n- ° p- ∂ - X n\v hnip≤Jp¿- B ≥
ImWn-°p∂ as‰mcp sXfnhv CXm-Ip∂p:
""kqcy\v N{µs\ FØn-∏n-Sn°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. cm{Xn°v

]I-ens\ AXn-{I-an-°p-hm\pw Ign-bp-I-bn√; F√m {Kl-ßfpw
\n›nX]Y-ß-fn¬ k©-cn-°p-∂p''(36:41). Cu tKmf-ß-fn¬
H∂pwXs∂ AXns‚ k©m-c-]-Y-Øn¬\n∂p hyXn-N-en-°p-

∂n-√. Ahbv°v Hcp \nbm-a-I-\n-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Ah \m\m-
hn-[-ß-fmbn Ncn®p £tW\ \in®pt]mIp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu
sXfnhp {]IrXn XØzNn¥-I∑m¿°v D]-tbm-K-{]-Z-am-bn-´p-≈-
Xm-Wv. BIm-i-Øn¬ Ncn®psIm≠n-cn-°p∂ Akw-Jy-ß-fmb
hn]pe tKmf-ßƒ°v kzev]-amb KXn-ssh-Ieyw kw`-hn-°p-I-
bm-sW-¶n¬ apgp-tem-Ihpw Xmdp-am-dm-bn-t∏m-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv. Aß-
s\-bp≈ Cu tKmf-ßƒ ]c-kv]cw ap´p-Itbm Ah-bpsS KXn°v
tei-sa-¶nepw hyXymkw hcn-Itbm \nc-¥-c-amb Ne\w aqew
Ahbv°v tXbvam\w hcn-Itbm cq]-ssh-Ieyw kw`-hn-°p-Itbm
sNømsX k©-cn®p sIm≠n-cn-°p∂p F∂p-≈Xv F{X-am{Xw
A¤p-Xm-h-l-amWv! AXy¥w hn]p-e-amb Cu b{¥-hn-tijw
k¿∆ ka¿∞-\mb Hcp bm{¥n-Is‚ \nb-{¥-W-Øn\v hnt[-
b-am-bn-cp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ kwJym-Xo-X-amb Cu Ime-a-s{Xbpw Hcp
{Ia-t°Spw IqSmsX Fß-s\-bmWv kzbw {]h¿Øn-°m≥ Ign-
bp-am-bn-cp-∂Xv?
Cu ]cn-]q¿Æ-amb ssZh-i-‡n-sbbpw ⁄m\-sØbpw
kqNn-∏n®v hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ as‰m-cn-SØv ]d-bp-I-bmWv:
""Cß-s\-bp≈ BIm-i-a-
fi-e-sØbpw `qan-sbbpw krjvSn® ssZh-Øns‚ kØ-bn¬
h√ kwi-b-apt≠m?''(14:11).
{kjvSm-hns‚ BkvXn-I-Xsb sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xn\v hnip≤
Jp¿-B≥ ImWn-°p∂ thsdmcp \ymbw CXmWv:
""k¿∆
hkvXp°fpw \iz-c-ß-fm-Ip∂p; Ft∂bv°pw tijn-°p-∂Xv
{]Xm-]-hm\pw k{]-`m-h-\p-amb \ns‚ \mY-\-s{X''(55:27,28). Cu
`qan Bk-Iew Xp≠pXp≠mbn `hn-°p-Ibpw \`-›-c-ß-fmb
tKmf-ßƒ \in®pt]mhp-Ibpw F∂-√, Cu kakvX {]]-©hpw
\in®p iq\y-{]m-b-ambn Iem-in-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sh∂p hnNm-
cn-°p-∂-Xm-bm-epw, F∂pw A\-iz-chpw A£-bhpw At`-Z-hp-
amb Ft¥m H∂p bYm-ÿn-Xn-bn¬ ]ns∂bpw tijn-®n-cn-°-
W-sa∂p \ΩpsS _p≤nbpw a\x-km-£nbpw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p-
≠v. Aß-s\-bp≈ Hcp i‡nbm-Ip∂p k¿∆ \izchkvXp-°-

sfbpw \mkvXn-bmb Ah-ÿ-bn¬\n∂v D¤-hn-∏n-®-h-\mb
ssZhw. "\miw' Ah-∂-[o-\-am-bXpsIm≠v Ah≥ \mi-Øns‚
`rP-hn-{I-a-Øn¬\n∂v AXo-X-\m-Ip-∂p.
hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ as‰m-cn-SØv ssZh-Øns‚ kØ-sb-°p-
dn®p kbp-‡nIw DZvt_m-[n-∏n-°p-∂Xv C{]-Im-c-amWv:
""k¿∆m-[n-I¿Øm-hmb ssZhw Bflm-
°-tfmSv \nß-fpsS {kjvSmhpw c£n-Xmhpw ]me-I\pw Rm\-
√tbm?'' F∂p tNmZn-®-t∏m-ƒ, "AsX, Xo¿®-bmbpw' F∂p
Ah¿ ]d-™p''(7:173). Cu hmIy-Øn¬ ssZhw kw`m-jWcqt]-
W, Bflm-hn¬ Ah≥ \nt£-]n-®n-´p≈ kz`mh hnti-jsØ
AXm-bXv, Hcm-flmhpw {]IrXym ssZh-Øns‚ kØsb \ntj-
[n-°p-hm≥ i‡a√ F∂ kwK-Xnsb FSpØp ImWn-°p-∂p.
\mkvXn-I¿ ssZh-Øns‚ kØsb \ntj-[n-°p-∂Xv Ah-cpsS
{]IrXn Ahsc AXn-te°v t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂Xp sIm≠√; ssZhw
Ds≠-∂-Xn-te°v Ah-cpsS ]°¬ sXfn-shm∂pw Cs√∂p
Ah¿ hnNmcn-°p-∂Xp sIm≠m-Wv. Cßs\ BZnImc-W-\mb
ssZhsØ \ntj-[n-°p-∂-Xn-t\m-sSm∏wXs∂ Ah¿ Hmtcm
Imcy-Øn\pw Hmtcm {]tXyI Imc-W-ap-s≠∂p hniz-kn-°p-
∂p-ap-≠v. ico-c-Øn\p tcmKw ]nSn-s]-Sp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXn\p
GtXm Imc-Wa - p-≠m-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂X- ns\ \ntj-[n-°p-hm≥ am{Xw
Btem- N - \ m- i q- \ y¿ temI- Ø p- s ≠∂p tXm∂p- ∂ n- √ . Cu
temIØp \S∂p sIm≠n-cn-°p∂ Hmtcm Imcy-Øn\pw Hmtcm
{]tXyI Imc-Wa - n-s√-∂m-sW-¶n¬ `qI-ºw, sImSp-¶m-‰v,{- K-lWw
CXymZn {]IrXn kw`-h-ßsf kw_-‘n®p ap≥Iqń sNøp∂
KW-\-ßfpw Znt\\ \S∂p sIm≠n-cn-°p∂ a‰p ]e Imcy-
ßsf kw_-‘n®p sNøp∂ A\p-am-\-ßfpw Akm-≤y-ß-fmbn
`hn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. AXn-\m¬, Hcp Zm¿i-\n-I≥ ssZh-Øns‚
kØ-bn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂n-s√∂p h∂m-epw, Abmƒ°v Imcy-
Im-cW hyh-ÿnXnsb \ntj-[n-°p-hm≥ høm-Ø-Xn-\m¬ BZn-
Im-c-W-Øns‚ kØsb \nc-kn-°p-hm\pw Abmƒ i‡-\m-
Ip-∂n-√. CXv Hcp {]Im-c-Øn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ kØsb AwKo-
I-cn-°pI Xs∂-bm-Wv. F∂m¬, AXv ]q¿Æ-amb hnizm-k-k-
Ω-X-a√. ssZh-Øns‚ kØsb \ntj-[n-°p∂ \mkvXn-I≥,

ùXn-I-amb Xmgv∂ Dt±-i-yß-sfbpw hnNm-c-ß-sfbpw Ipdn®p
\n¿t_m-[\ - m-bn-cn-°p-hm\pw Hcp ]c-ai
- ‡
- n-bpsS A\p-⁄bv°v
hnt[-b-\m-bn-cn-°p-hm\pw X°-hÆw t_m[-hn-lo-\-\m-°-s∏-
Sp-∂-Xm-bm¬, Bb-h-ÿ-bn¬ Abmƒ Cuiz-c-k-Øsb kΩ-
Xn°pw F∂p-≈-Xn-te°v A\p-`-h-kn-≤-cmb ]e-cp-sSbpw
ZrjvSm¥w sXfn-hm-bn-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. Aß-s\-bp≈ Hc-h-ÿ-sb-
bmWv {]kvXpX Jp¿-B≥ hmIyw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. AXm-b-
Xv , a\p- j ys‚ Xmgv ∂ hnNm- c - ß ƒ i‡n- t bmsS hym]-
cn®psIm≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ am{Xta ssZh-Øns‚ kØsb \ntj-
[n-°p-hm-\p-ff \n¿_‘ _p≤n ImWp-∂p-≈q-sh-∂pw, ]cn-ip-
≤-amb a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn-bm-Is´ ssZh-hn-Nm-c-Øm¬ ]cn-hr-X-am-
bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂pw B hnip≤ hmIyw \sΩ ]Tn-∏n-°p-
∂p.
ssZh-Øns‚ amlmflyw
ssZh- Ø ns‚ kØsb sXfn- b n- ° p- ∂ - X n\p hnip≤
Jp¿B≥ ImWn-®n-cn-°p∂ km£y-ß-fn-¬ Nne-XmWv ap≥hn-
h-cn-®-Xv. C\n, B ]hn{X{KŸw GsXmcp ssZh-Øn-te°v
\sΩ £Wn-°p-∂pthm Ah-∂p-≈-Xmbn AXp {]kvXm-hn-
°p∂ al-Øz-ßfpw KpW-hn-ti-jß - fpw Fs¥m-s°-bm-sW∂p
t\m°mw. hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-I-bmWv:
AXm-b-
Xv, " Bcm-[-\bv°pw A\p-k-c-W-Øn\pw A¿l-\mbn Xm\-
√msX a‰m-cp-an-√mØ GI-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂-h-\t{X ssZhw'' (59:23).
Cu hN-\-Øn¬ ssZh-Øn\v Hcp ]¶m-fn-bp-an-s√∂p tZymXn-
∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv, Ah≥ \nkvXp-e\pw GI-am-{X\pw As√∂p
hcn-In¬ Ahs‚ i‡n Hcn-°¬ Iq´p-Im-c\v A[o-\-s∏´p
t]mIm\pw Aßs\ Ahs‚ ssZhXzw \jvS-am-bn-t∏m-Im\pw
kwK-XnbmIpsa-∂Xp sIm≠m-Wv. Xs∂-bp-a-√, Ah-\-√msX
Bcm-[-\-bv°¿l-\mbn a‰m-cp-an√ F∂p ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂Xv
Ah≥ kI-e-KpW kw]q¿Æ-\m-sW∂p kv]jvSo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-
\p-am-Wv. KpW-ssh-in-jvSy-ß-fpsS B[n-IysØ Bkv]-Z-am°n
krjvSn-I-fn¬ H∂ns\ ssZh-ambn Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-hm≥ hnNm-
cn-°p-Itbm ssZh-Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cn-t°-≠p∂ t{ijvT-Kp-W-ß-

sf√mw hn`m-h\w sNøp-Itbm sNøp-∂-]£w Aß-s\-bp≈
kIe t{ijvT KpW-ß-fmepw hnti-j-W-ß-fmepw hn`q-jn-X-
\m-bn, kzbw ]cn-]q¿Æ-\mbn AXyp-∂-X-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂-h-\m-
Ip∂p ssZhw. X≥\n-anØw ssZh-Øn\p am{Xw Ah-Im-i-s∏´
Bcm-[-\mZn `‡n{]I-S-\-ßƒ°v krjvSn-I-fn-em-sc-sb-¶nepw
]¶m-fn-bm-°p-I-sb-∂Xp F{Xbpw henb A\ym-b-am-Ip-∂p.
taep-≤-cn® hmIy-Øn¬ {]kvXmhn-X-amb Hcp ssZh-\maw
‘Ben-ap¬Kbv_’v F∂m-W-v. AXm-b-Xv, ‘Xs‚ XØzw
Xm≥am{Xw Adn-bp∂ A¥-cy-man’-bm-Wh - ≥. Ahs‚ XØzsØ
]cn-an-X-amb a\p-jy-i-‡n°v ]q¿Æ-ambn {Kln-°p-hm≥ km[n-
°p-∂-X-√. kqcy-N-{µmZn krjvS-h-kvXp-°-fpsS kzcq]w a\-n-
em-°p-hm≥ \ap°p Ign-bp-∂-XmWv. F∂m¬, {kjvSm-hmb
ssZh-Øns‚ kØsb ka-{K-ambn {Kln-°m≥ km≤y-a-√.
D]-cyp‡ hmIy-Øn-ep≈ as‰mcp ssZh-\maw ‘Ben-ap-»-
lm-ZØv’ F∂m-Wv. AXm-b-Xv, "X\n°v H∂pw tKm]y-
am-bn-cn-°msX k¿∆hpw hy‡-am-b-dn-bp-∂-h≥' F∂pXs∂.
krjvS-h-kvXp-°-fn¬ GsX-¶n-ep-sam-∂ns\ Ah≥ Adn-bm-Xn-
cn-°p-I-sb-∂Xv Ahs‚ ssZh-Xz-Øn\p \nc-°m-Ø-Xm-Ip-∂p.
AXn-\m¬, Ah≥ {]]-©-Ønse ]c-amWp kI-e-sØbpw
kkq£vaw ImWp-Ibpw Adn-bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. F∂m¬, a\p-
jy-\Xv km≤y-a√- . Cu {]]©kwhn-[m-\Ø - ns‚ Ah-km-\hpw
{]f-bhpw Ft∏m-gm-sW∂p ssZh-a-√msX a‰mcpw Adn-bp-∂n-
√. Ah-\t{X kI-e-Øn-s‚bpw Ime-\n¿Æbw ]q¿Æ-ambpw
Adn-bp-∂-Xv.
ssZh-Øns‚ as‰mcp hnti-jW \maw "lph¿dlvam≥'
F∂m-Wv. AXm-b-Xv, Ah≥ kakvX Poh-Pm-e-ß-fp-
sSbpw krjvSnÿnXnbv°paptº Ah-bpsS kpJkuI-cy-
ßƒ°v Bh-iy-amb kIe km[-\-ßfpw~Hcp I¿Ω-Øn-
\pap≈ {]Xn-^-e-am-bn-´-√m-sX, Xs‚ Ir]m-Xn-tc-I-Øm¬am{Xw
Xøm¿ sNbvXn-´p-≈h
- \- t- {X. Ah≥ \ΩpsS D¤-hØ - n\pw I¿Ω-
Øn\pw aptºXs∂ \ΩpsS Bh-iym¿∞w kqcym-Zn-`m-kp-c-
ß-fmb tKmf-ßsfbpw {]hn-im-e-amb `qan-sbbpw AXnse

kwJym-Xo-X-ß-fmb A\p-{Kl hkvXp-°sfbpw Xøm-dm-°n-Ø-
∂p-sIm≠v Xs‚ \no-a-amb Ir] shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
Ahs‚ Cu Ir]m-Xn-tc-I-Øn\v "dlvam\n-øØv' F∂pw B
k¿∆-Zm-Xm-hn\v A¿dlvam≥ AYhm Ir]m-\n[n F∂p-
amWv hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ \ma-I-cWw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
as‰mcp hnti-j-W-ambn ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂Xv ‘A¿dlow’
F∂m-Ip-∂p. AXm-b-Xv, k¬°¿Ω-ßƒ°v k¬êw
\evIp-∂-h\pw BcpsSbpw {]bXv-\sØ \njv^-e-am-°m-Ø-h-
\p-amb Imcp-Wy-hm≥. ssZh-Øns‚ Cu ImcpWy{]IS\-Øn\v
‘dlo-an-øØv’ F∂pw AXns‚ \ne-b-\-amb B Zbm-I-c\v
‘A¿dlow’ F∂pw ]d-bp-∂p.
Jp¿-B≥ ]d™pXcp∂ as‰mcp ssZh-\maw "amen-°n-bu-
an-±o≥' AY-hm, "{]Xn-êw \evI-s∏-Sp∂ Zn\-Øns‚ A[n-
]≥' F∂m-Wv. AXm-b-Xv, I¿Ω-^-e-am-Ip∂ in£mc£-
bv°p≈ k¿∆m-[n-Imcw ssIbn-en-cn-°p-∂-h≥. Ah≥ Xs∂-
bmWv k¿∆-tem-I-Øn-s‚bpw hn[nI¿Øm-hv. X\n°v krjvSn-
I-fp-ambn Hcp _‘-hp-an-√m-Xn-cn-°p-amdp `qan-bp-sSbpw BIm-i-
Øn-s‚bpw A[n-\m-b-IXzw a‰m¿s°-¶nepw Ah≥ Gev]n®p
sImSp-°p-Itbm kzX-{¥-ambn temIØp in£m-c£ \S-Øm-
\p≈ I¿ØrXzw B¿s°-¶nepw Hgn™psImSp-°p-Itbm
sNbvXn-ń-√.
ssZh-Øns‚ KpW-a-ln-a-Iƒ hnh-cn®psIm≠v hnip≤Jp¿-
B≥ 59:24 ¬ ]d-bp∂p:
Cu
hmIy-Øn¬ ssZh-Øn-\p-≈-Xmbn ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ hnti-j-W-
ß-fn¬ H∂v "A¬ aen-°p¬ Jp±qkv' F∂m-Wv. AXm-b-Xv,
"F√mhn[ \yq\XIfn¬\n∂pw D]-cn-bmbn ]cn-ip-≤-\m-bn-cn-
°p∂ cmPmhv'. ùXn-I-amb cmP-Xz-am-I-s´, tZmj-c-ln-Xtam
A\yq\tam BsW∂p ]d-bm-\m-hp-I-bn-√. Hcp cmPy-Ønse
{]P-I-sf√mw AhnSw Dt]-£n®p A\y-tZ-iØp IpSn-tb-dn-
∏m¿°p-hm≥ HmSn-t∏m-Ip∂]£w B Dt]-£nX cmPysØ
`c-Wm-[n-Im-cnbv°v ]ns∂ F¥p cmP-Xz-amWv tijn-°pI?

AYhm `b-¶-c-amb £ma-_m[ \nanØw {]P-I-sf√mw cmP-
t`mKw sImSp-°p-∂-Xn\p Xotc Ai-‡-cm-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xm-bm¬
B cmPy- Ø nse cmPm- h ns‚ \ne- s b- ¥ m- b n- c n°pw? A{]-
ImcwXs∂ {]P-Itf-hcpw cmPm-hn-s∂-Xn-cmbn Cf-In-∏p-d-s∏-
Sp-Ibpw Ah¿ At±-l-Øns‚ cmP-XzsØ tNmZyw sNbvXp
XpS-ßp-Ibpw sNøp∂ ]£w B `c-Wm-[o-i\p Xs‚ A[n-
Imcw \ne-\n-dp-Øp-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂-sX-ßs\? F∂m¬, k¿∆-
k- a ¿∞- \ mbn, k¿∆m- [ n- \ m- Y - \ mbn hmgp∂ ssZh- Ø ns‚
cmPXzw CuZriw £W-`w-Kp-c-am-b-X-√. Ahs‚ `c-Wm-[n-Imcw
ùXn-I-amb cmPm-[n-Im-c-Øn¬\n∂p tIhew hyXy-kvX-am-bn-
´p-≈X - m-Ip-∂p. Ah\mIs´ kakvX {]]-©s - Øbpw H°-∏msS
\in-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw ho≠pw ]pXp-Xmbn krjvSnk©-b-ßsf
D¤-hn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw Ign-hp≈ I¿Øm-h-s{X. Ah≥ Cßs\
k¿∆-i-‡-\mb {kjvSm-h-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Ah\p A\ym-
bhpw A{I-ahpw sIm≠-√msX Xs‚ `cWw \S-Øp-hm≥ Ign-
bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬, ]pXp-Xmbn krjvSn-°p-
hm≥ Ign-h-‰-h-\m-sW∂p hcp-In¬ krjvSn-tem-I-Øn\p Hcn-
°¬ tamN-\hpw ap‡nbpw \evIn-b-Xn\ptijw B BZy
krjvSn-sb-Øs∂ ho≠pw PU-tem-I-tØ°v Ab-t°-≠-Xn\p
Ah-cn¬\n∂p A\ym-b-amb \ne-bn¬ Ah-cpsS ap‡n Xncn-
s®-Sp-°p-hm≥ Ah≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-\m-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw.
Cu \ne Ahs‚ ssZh-Xz-Øn\v If¶w Nm¿Øp-∂Xpw Ahs‚
cmPXzw ùXn-I-amb cmP-Xz-sØ-t∏mse \yq\Xm]q¿Æ-am-
sW∂p hcp-Øp-∂-Xp-am-Ip-∂p. cmPy-`-cW-Øn-∂mbn `c-Wm-[n-
Im-cn-Iƒ \n¿Ωn-°p∂ \nb-a-ßƒ Ft∏mgpw \yq\-X-bp≈hbm-
bn-Øs∂ Ccn-°p-∂p. Ah¿ kzm¿∞Xm¬]-cy-ßsf ]pe¿Øp-
∂-Xn\p A\ym-ba - m¿§w kzoI-cn-°W - s
- a∂p ImWp-tºmƒ Iqk-
set\y AXns\ cmPy-\o-Xn-bmbn ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂p. ZrjvSm-¥-
ambn, I∏-ens\ c£n-°p-∂-Xn\v \uIsb AXnse Bfp-I-
tfm-sSm∏w \in-∏n®pIf-bp-hm≥ Cu cmP-\n-b-a-ßƒ A\p-h-Zn-
°p-∂p-≠v. ]cn-ip-≤-\mb ssZh-Øn-\m-Is´ Cß-s\-bp≈ ITn-
\-{In-b-bpsS Bh-iy-I-X-bn√Xs∂. AXn-\m¬, ssZhw k¿∆-
i-‡\pw \mkvXn-bmb Ah-ÿ-bn¬\n∂p krjvSnsb D¤-hn-
∏n-°p-∂-h-\p-a-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ _e-lo-\-cmb cmPm-°∑m-sc-

t∏mse Ah\pw Xs‚ i‡nsb \S-Øp-∂-Xn\p A\ymb
am¿§w kzoI-cn-t°≠nhcp-Itbm AY-hm, Ah≥ \oXnbpw
\ymbhpw {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xn\p Xs‚ ssZhØzwXs∂ ssIsh-
Sn-tb≠n hcp-Itbm sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬, ssZh-Øns‚
i‡n-bm-Ip∂ I∏¬ ]q¿Æ {]`m-h-tØmSpIqSn \oXn-bp-sS-
bpw \ymb-Øn-s‚bpw kap-{Z-Øn¬ Ncn®psIm≠n-cn-°p-∂p.
ssZh-Øns‚ as‰mcp \maw "Aemw' F∂m-Ip-∂p.
AXm-b-Xv, Du\-ß-fnepw AcnjvSX-I-fnepw IjvS-X-I-fnepw
\n∂v AXo-X\pw \n¿∫m-[-\p-ambn c£m-{]-Z-\m-bn-cn-°p∂
ssZhw F∂¿∞w. Cu hnti-jW \ma-Øns‚ hnh-£nXw
F{Xbpw kv]jvS-am-Wv. krjvSn-I-sf-t∏mse ssZhw Xm\pw
IjvSm-cn-jvS-X-Iƒ°v hnt[-b-\m-hp-Ibpw temI-cpsS ssIbm¬
XmU-\hpw ]oU-\hpw kln-t°≠n hcp-Ibpw Dt±-iy-ßƒ
km[n-°msX ]cm-Pn-X-\m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp-sh-¶n¬, Aß-s\-
bp≈ ssZhw \ap°v B]¬°m-eØp klm-bhpw c£bpw
\evIp-hm≥ ka¿∞-\m-sW∂p hniz-kn-®m-izmkw sIm≈m-hp-
∂-sX-ßs\? Ir{XnassZh-ß-sf-°p-dn®p hnip≤Jp¿-B≥
Cßs\ ]d-bp∂p:
""A√m-lp-hn\p ]pdsa \nßƒ klm-b-a¿∞n-°p∂ Ir{Xna

ssZh-ß-sfms° HØptN¿∂mepw Ah¿°v Hcp Cu®-sb-
t∏mepw krjvSn-°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-I-bn-√. F∂-√, Cu® Ah-
cpsS ssIbn¬\n∂p h√ km[-\hpw Xń-s°m≠pt]mhp-∂p-
sh-¶n¬ Ah¿°v AXns‚ ]°¬\n∂p B km[\w Xncn-s®-
Sp-°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-I-bp-an-√. Cß-s\-bp-≈-hsc Bcm-[n-°p-
∂-h¿ hnthIw Ipd-™-hcpw B Ir{Xna ssZh-ßƒ i‡n-
lo-\c- p-as
- {X. km£m¬ ssZh-am-Is´ i‡-∑m-cn¬h®p G‰hpw
i‡\pw F√m-Øn-t\bpw Pbn-®-S-°p-∂-h-\p-am-Ip-∂p. Ah≥

ASn- ° - s ∏- S m- h p- ∂ - h t\m ]nSn- ° - s ∏- S m- h p- ∂ - h t\m A√.
ssZhsØ kw_-‘n®p A_≤[mc-W-Iƒ°v hi-K-cm-bn-´p-≈-
h¿ ssZh-Øns‚ alØzw {Kln-°p-Itbm Ahs‚ ÿm\w
\∂m-b-dn-bp-Itbm sNøp-∂n-√''(22:74,75).
CXn\p aptºbp-≤-cn® Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-Øn¬ ]d-™n-´p≈
ssZh hnti-jW - ß
- f - n¬ as‰m∂v "A¬ap-Avan≥' F∂m-
Wv. AXm-b-Xv, kam-[m-\hpw A`-bhpw {]Zm\w sNøp-∂-h\pw
Xs‚ GI-Xz-Øn\pw t{ijvT-Xz-Øn\pw sXfn-hp-Iƒ \evIn
im¥n-tb-Ip-∂-h-\p-amb ssZhw. Cu ]mh\ \maw kqNn-∏n-°p-
∂-Xv, ktXy-Is - sZ-hØ
- n¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂h- ≥ Xs‚ ]°¬ AJ-
fiy-amb sXfn-hp-I-fp-≈XpsIm≠v Hcp P\-Øn-s‚bpw apºn¬
\{a-ap-J-\m-tI≠n hcp-I-bn-√ F∂mWv. Ah≥ ssZh-Øns‚
apºnepw e÷n-X-\m-tI-≠n-h-cp-I-bn-√. F∂m¬, Ir{Xna ssZh-
Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-h-\m-Is´ kZm t¢i-`-cn-X-\m-bn-cn-°pw.
Ah≥ Xs‚ hnizmk[¿Ω-Øns‚ sXfn-hn-te°v km£y-ßƒ
ImWn-°p-∂-Xn\p ]Icw AXns\ bp‡ym-Xo-X-amb cl-ky-
X-Øz-Øn¬s∏-SpØn Xr]vXn-b-S-bp-Ibpw Xs‚ A_≤-P-Sn-e-
amb Hmtcm {]kvXm-h-\-sbbpw ]cn-tim-[m\mZrjvSn-bn¬\n∂p
ad®pIf-bp-hm≥ {ian-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
{]kvXpX Jp¿-B≥ hmIywXs∂ XpS¿∂v ]d™pXcp∂
ssZh hnti- j - W - ß - f n- h - b mWv :
" Ah≥ F√m-Øn-s‚bpw c£m]-cn-]m-eI - \pw kI-eØ
- n-s\bpw
Pbn-°p∂ {]Xm-]-im-enbpw k¿∆ Du\-ßfpw A‰-Ip-‰-ßfpw
Xo¿Ø-cp-fp∂ \yq\-Xm-]-cn-lm-cnbpw Bcn¬ \n∂pw Hcm-h-iy-
hp-an-√m-Ø-h-\mbn F√m-h¿°pw Ah-ew-_-am-bn-cn-°p∂ {]`m-
h-im-en-bp-am-Ip-∂p''(59:24). hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ ho≠pw XpS-cp∂p:
""Ah≥ ico-cß
- sf krjvSn-°p-∂h
- \pw Bflm-°sf D¬∏m-
Zn-∏n-°p-∂-h\pw K¿`-Øn-ep≈ Icp-°sf `mjs∏-Sp-Øp-∂-h\pw

Bb ssZh-a-s{X. kIe D¬°r-jvS-\m-a-ßfpw Ah-∂p-≈-Xm-
Ip-∂p. BIm-i-a-fi-e-ß-fnepw `qan-bn-ep-ap≈-h¿ Ahs‚
alØzw {]Io¿Øn-°p-Ibpw Ahs‚ ]cn-ip-≤nsb hmgvØp-
Ibpw sNøp- ∂ p. Ah≥ k¿∆- h - √ - ` \pw k¿∆- ⁄ - \ p- a -
s{X''(59:25). Cu hmIyw, BIm-i-tKm-f-ß-fnepw ]m¿∏p-Im-cp-
s≠∂pw Ah¿ ssZh-Øns‚ am¿§-Z¿i-\Ø - n¬ h¿Øn-°p-∂-
h-cm-sW∂pw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. ho≠pw Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p:
" A√mlp F√m Imcy-Øn\pw Ign-hp≈
k¿∆-i-‡-\m-Ip-∂p''(2:149). Cu hmIyw kXy-ssZ-hsØ hW-
ßp-∂-h¿°v Hcp km¥z-\-h-N-\-am-Wv. Fs¥-∂m¬, ssZhw
Ai‡\pw _e-lo-\\pw Bbn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Aß-s\-bp≈
ssZh-Øn¬\n∂p a\p-jy\p F¥mWv Bin-°m-\p-≈Xv? Jp¿-
B≥ C\nbpw ssZh-Øns‚ KpW-ßsf \n¿∆-Nn-°p-I-bmWv:
""ssZhw k¿∆-tem-I-]-cn-]m-e-I\pw Ir]m-\n-[nbpw ]c-a-Z-

bm-ephpw hn[n\mfns‚ k¿∆m-[n-]\pw BIp-∂p''(kqd:^mXn-
l). ""{]m¿∞n- ° p- ∂ - h s‚
{]m¿∞\ tIƒ°p-Ibpw DØ-ca - c
- p-fp-Ibpw sNøp-∂h- ≥''(2:187).
ho≠pw ]d-bp∂p: ""Ah≥ \nXy-Po-hnbpw k¿∆-Po-
h-s‚bpw Poh\pw k¿∆-k-‘m-c-I-\p-am-Ip-∂p''(2:256). Cu hN-
\-Øn¬ ssZhw \nXy-Po-hn-bm-sW∂p {]kvXm-hn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-
∂-Xv, Ah≥ F∂pw Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂ k\m-X-\ -s√∂p hcp-In¬
Ah≥ Hcp-]t£ \sΩ-°mƒ aptº acn®pt]msb-¶ntem F∂
i¶ C√m-Xn-cn-°p--hm-\m-bn-´-s{X. ho≠pw Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p:
""Ah≥, ssZhw GI-am-{X\pw F√m-Øn\pw Ah-ew-_-amb

A[n-\m-Y\pw ]p{X-\n-√m-Ø-h\pw ]p{X-\-√m-Ø-h\pw Xpey-\m-
bn´p Bcp-an-√m-Ø-h-\p-a-s{X''(-A[ymbw:112).
{kjvSm-hmb ssZhsØ kw_-‘n®p kzoI-cn-t°≠ \oXn

[¿Ωw, Ahs‚ GI-Xz-Øn¬ icnbmwhn[w hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw
B hnizm-kØ - n¬ teihpw G‰-°p-d® - n¬ hcp-Øm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw
sNøp-Ib - m-Ip-∂p. CXp-hsc {]Xn-]m-Zn®ph∂n-cn-°p∂ [m¿ΩnI
XØz-ßƒ hnip≤Jp¿-B-\nse [¿Ωimkv{X hIp-∏ns‚ Hcp
hn`m-K-a-s{X. Jp¿-Bs‚ Cu A≤ym-]-\-Øn-\p≈ Hcp khn-
ti-j-X, kIe [m¿ΩnIKpW-ß-fnepw Aan-X-Xzhpw \yq\-
Xzhpw Hcp tZmj-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ ]cn-h¿÷n-°p-hm≥ AXp
\njv°¿jn-°p∂p F∂p-ff - X
- m-Wv. GXv k¬Kp-Whpw icn-bmb
[¿Ωm-Xn¿Øn-Iƒ°p-≈n¬ shfn-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-bm¬ am{Xsa
hnip≤ Jp¿-Bs‚ A≤ym-]\a\p-k-cn®p bYm¿∞ k¬Kp-W-
am-hp-I-bp-≈q. bYm¿∞-amb k¬KpWw c≠p A{K-ß-fpsS
a≤y-Øn¬ ÿnXn sNøp-∂-Xm-Ip-∂p F∂Xp Ahn-X¿°n-X-
am-Wv. hmN-Im-¥-tcW ]d-bp-∂-Xm-bm¬, Aan-X-Xzhpw \yq\-
Xz-hp-am-Ip∂ c≠-{K-ß-fpsS a≤y-Øn¬ \ne-sIm-≈p-∂-XmWv
k¬Kp-Ww. a≤y-]-Ÿm-hn-te°v t{]cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw anX-h¿Øn-
Xz-Øn¬ ÿnco-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ F√m ioehpw t{ijvT-
amb [m¿ΩnI KpW-ßsf D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°p-hm≥ km[-I-am-b-Xm-
Wv. kµ¿`-ßsf Xncn-®-dn™v HuNn-Xy-a-\p-k-cn®v {]h¿Øn-
°pI-sb-∂Xv a≤y-h¿Øn-Øz-am-Ip-∂p. Hcp I¿j-I≥ Ime-Øn\p
hfsc aptºtbm Imew sshIntbm hnØn-d-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬
Abmƒ a≤y-]-Ÿm-hns\ ssIsh-Sn-bp-I-bm-Wv. k¬Kp-Whpw
kXyhpw bp‡n-bp-sa√mw anX-h¿Øn-Xz-Øn¬ AY-hm, a≤y-
]-Ÿm-hn¬ ÿnXn sNøp-∂p. a≤y-ÿn-Xn-bm-Is´ HuNn-Xy-Zo-
£-tbm-Sp-IqSnbXm-Wv. c≠-{K-ß-fn¬ Ccn-°p∂ Ak-Xy-am¿§-
ß-fpsS a[y-Øn¬ \ne-sIm-≈p-∂-XmWv kXy-am¿§w. icn-bmb
HuNn-Xy-\bw a\p-jys\ a≤y-h¿Øn-bm-°n-Øo¿°p-sa-∂Xp
\n-tµ-l-am-Wv. ssZhsØ Adn™p hniz-kn-°p∂ hnj-b-
Ønepw a≤y-am¿§-sØ-bmWv Ah-ew-_n-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
ssZh-hn-izm-ksØ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØm-f-ap≈ a≤y-am¿§w,
Ahs‚ ]c-am¿∞KpW-ßsf \ntj-[n®psIm≠v Ahs\
\n¿Kp-W-s\∂p k¶ev]n-°p-Itbm Ah\p ùXnI hkvXp-°-
tfmSp kmZriyw Iev]n-°p-Itbm sNøm-Xn-cn-°p-I-bm-Ip-∂p.
hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ ssZh-hn-ti-j-W-ß-fpsS hnh-c-W-Øn¬ Cu
a≤y-am¿§-sØ-bmWv Ah-ew-_n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ssZhw ImWp-

∂-h\pw tIƒ°p-∂-h\pw Adn-bp-∂-h\pw kwkm-cn-°p-∂-h\pw
a‰p-am-sW∂p ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-tXm-Sp-IqSnØs∂, Ahs\ GsX-
¶nepw krjvSn-tbmSp kmZr-iy-s∏-Sp-Øm-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw B
hnip≤{KŸw {i≤n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWmw. AXp ]d-bp-I-
bmWv: ""ssZh-tØmSv XØz-Ønepw KpW-Ønepw
XpeyX hln-°p-∂-Xmbn Hcp hkvXp-hp-an-√''(42:12).
""ssZhsØ krjvSn-I-fn¬ H∂n-t\mSpw
kmZr-iy-s∏-Sp-Øm-Xn-cn-°p-hn≥''(16:75). X≥aqew ssZh-Øn\p
\n¿§p-WXzw Iev]n-°pI, Ahs‚ KpW-am-lm-fly-ßƒ°p `wK-
I-c-ambn Ah\p kaXzw k¶ev]n-°pI F∂o c≠p koam-{K-
ßƒ°p-≈n¬ h¿Øn-°p-I-sb-∂-XmWv ssZh \n¿∆-N-\sØ
kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØm-f-ap≈ a≤y-am¿§w. F¥n-\-[nIw? Ckvemw
AXns‚ kI-em-≤ym-]-\-ß-fnepw Cu a≤y-am¿§-amWv Ah-ew-
_n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ AXnse {]Y-am-≤ym-b-amb
kqdx-^m-Xn-lm-bn¬ \n¿t±-in-®ncn°p∂ {]m¿∞-\m-hm-Iy-
Øn¬Øs∂ a≤y-am¿§w Ah-ew-_n-°p-hm≥ DZvt_m-[n-∏n-®n-
cn-°p-I-bmWv:
""\o Rßsf t\cmb am¿§-Øn¬ \bn-t°-Wta! \o A\p-

{K-ln-®n-´p-≈-h-cpsS am¿§-Øn¬˛ \ns‚ t{Im[-ap-≠m-b-h-cp-tS-
X-√m-ØXpw hgn-]n-g-®-h-cp-tS-X-√m-Ø-Xp-amb am¿§-Øn¬'' Cu
hmIy-Øn¬ aq∂p-X-c-Øn-ep≈ P\-ß-sf-°p-dn-®mWv {]kvXm-
hn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xv. c≠m-a-Xmbn ]d™ "t{Im[-ap-≠m-b-h¿'
F∂Xp sIm≠v hnh-£n-Xam°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xv,
ssZh-Øn\pt\sc t{Im[-i‡n D]tbmKn-°p-Ibpw arKobhnIm-
c-ß-f-\p-k-cn®p {]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xns‚ ê-ambn
ssZh-t{Im-[-Øn\p e£o-`-hn-®n´p-≈-h-cm-Wv. aq∂m-a-Xmbn
]d™ "hgn-]n-g-®-h¿' F∂-Xns‚ hnh-£nXw arKob
t{]c-W-Iƒ°v hi-s∏´v hymtam-ln-X-cm-bn-t∏mb P\-a-s{X. Cu

c≠p-Iq-´-cp-sSbpw ÿm\-ß-fmb hn]-co-Xm-{K-ß-fpsS a≤y-ÿn-
X-amb EPp-am¿§-Øn¬ h¿Øn-°p-∂-h-sc-bmWv "A≥-Aw-X-A-
ebv l nw' AYhm "A\p- K r- l o- X - P \w' F∂
hmNIwsIm≠v hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ A\p-kvac - n-®n-cn-°p-∂X
- v. Npcp-
°n-∏-d-bp-∂-Xm-bm¬, a\p-jysc a≤y-h¿Øn-Xz-Øn-te°v \bn-
°pIbmWv hnip≤ Jp¿-Bs‚ BZ¿iw. aqkm-\-_n-bpsS thZ-
{K-Ÿ-amb XudmØv {]Xn-Im-c-sØ-bpw, Cukm-\-_n-bpsS
"C©o¬' kl-\-sØbpw Ipdn®p \njvI¿jn-®n-cn-°p-tºmƒ,
hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\m-Is´ Cu KpW-ßsf btYm-NnXw D]-tbm-
Kn®p sIm≠p a≤y-h¿ØnXzw ioen-°p-hm-\mWv {]t_m-[n-®n-
cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXp ]d-bp-I-bmWv: ""\mw
\nßsf a≤y-h¿Øn-bmb kap-Zm-b-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p'' (2:144).
AXm-bXv, F√m Imcy-ßfnepw a≤y-\ne Ah-ew-_n-°p-hm≥
\nßƒ°v D]-tZiw \evIn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. X≥\n-anØw Cu a≤y-
am¿Kw BN-cn-°p-∂-h¿ A\p-Kr-lo-X-cm-Ip-∂p.
a≤y-aam¿§-at{X t{ijvTw.
B≤ym-fln-Im-hÿ
C\n \ap°p aq∂m-asØ A`n-hr≤nL´-amb B≤ym-fln-
Im-h-ÿsb°pdn®p hnNn-¥\w sNømw. hnip≤Jp¿-Bs‚
A≤ym-]-\-a-\p-k-cn®p Bflo-bm-h-ÿ-bpsS D¬]Øn ÿm\w
"\^vkv apXzvabn∂' AYhm "im¥n {]m]n® Bflmhv' BIp-
∂p-sh∂p aptº {]kvXm-hn-®n-´p-≠-t√m. Cu L´-Ønse ]cn-
jvI-cW ]≤-Xn, k¬Kp-W-k-º-∂-\mb a\p-jys\ B≤ym-
flnI KpW-k-a-\zn-X-\m-°n-Øo¿°pI F∂-Xm-Wv. AXm-b-Xv,
a\p-jys\ [m¿Ωn-Im-hÿ - b
- n¬\n∂p B≤ym-fln-Im-hÿ - b
- psS
Hu∂n-Xy-Øn-te°v Db¿Øn-s°m≠pt]mhp-Ib - m-Ip-∂p. hnip≤
Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-I-bmWv.
""ssZhm-in-p-sIm≠p im¥n{]m]n® Bflmth! \ns‚

c£n-Xm-hn-te°v \o Ah-\n¬ kwXr-]vX\ - mbpw Ah≥ \n∂n¬

kwXr-]vX-\mbpap≈ \ne-bn¬ aS-ßn-s®-√pI; Fs‚ Zmk-cpsS
Iq´-Øn¬ tNcp-Ibpw Fs‚ Bcm-a-am-Ip∂ kz¿§-Øn¬ {]th-
in-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I' (89:28-˛31). B≤ym-fln-Im-h-ÿsb°pdn®p
{]Xn- ] m- Z n- ° p- ∂ - X n\p {]kv X pX Jp¿- B ≥hmIysØ Ipd-
s®m∂p hnkvX-cn®v hymJym-\n-t°-≠-Xm-h-iy-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
sFlnI Pohn-X-Øn¬ a\p-jy\v {]m]y-am-Ip∂ AXyp¬°r-
jvS-amb Bflo-b-\n-e-]m-Sv, Xs‚ k¿∆-k-am-[m-\hpw kt¥m-
jhpw kwXr-]vXnbpw ssZh-Øn¬am{Xw Is≠-Øp-Ibpw Ah-
\n¬ im¥n- b - S - b p- I bpw sNøp- I - s b- ∂ - X m- W v . Cu Ah-
ÿ°pXs∂-bmWv hmN-Im-¥-tcW kz¿§o-b-Po-hn-X-sa∂p ]d-
bp- ∂ - X v. Cu L´- Ø n¬ a\p- j y≥ Xs‚ ]q¿Æ- a mb
kXy\njvTbv°pw \njvI-f-¶-Xbv°pw hniz-kvX-X-bv°p-ap-ff
{]Xn-ê - a - mbn sFlnIPohn-XØ - n¬Øs∂ kz¿§-kpJw A\p-
`-hn®p XpS-ßp-∂p. a‰p-≈-h¿ `mhn-bn-ep≈ kz¿§sØ {]Xo-
£n-°th Cbmƒ Cl-Øn¬sh®pXs∂ kz¿§-Øn¬ {]th-
in-°p-am-dm-Ip-∂p. Cu \ne {]m]n-°p-∂-bmƒ I¿Ø-hy-ß-fmbn
hn[n-°-s∏-ń-´p≈ \a-kvIm-cmZn D]m-k-\m-I¿Ω-ßsf `mc-ß-
fmbn Icp-Xm-sX, Ah--sb√mw hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Xs‚ B≤ym-
fl-t]m-j-W-Øn\pw D¬°¿j-Øn\pw ]cym-]vXhpw Xs‚
BflobPohn-XØ - n\p \nZm-\h- p-am-bn-cn-°p∂ Blm-ca - m-sW∂p
t_m[n-°p-Ibpw X≥aqew B I¿Ω-ßƒ°p≈ {]Xn-êw `mhn-
bn¬ ]mc-{XnI Pohn-X-Øn¬ am{Xw e`y-am-Im-\p-≈-X-s√∂p
{Kln-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. c≠m-asØ ]cn-jvI-c-W-L-´-Øn¬
a\p-jys\ Ahs‚ Aip≤ Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn®p imkn®p
sIm≠n-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw Ah-\n¬ kZzn-Nm-c-ßƒ am{Xw D¬∏m-
Zn∏n-°p-∂-Xnt\m Zp›n-¥-I-f-{Xbpw AS-°n-°-f-bp-∂-Xnt\m
kZvhrØnbnepw k¬Kp-W-Øn\pw ÿnc-Nn-Ø-\m-°n-Øo¿°p-
∂-Xnt\m XnI®pw ka¿∞-am-Im-Xn-cp∂ "\^vkv e∆ma' AYhm
"kzbw imk-Im-flmhv' ta¬]d™ {]im-¥m-fl-ÿn-Xn-bnte-
°p≈ {]bm-W-L-´-Øn¬ ]mh-\-am-sbmcp ]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn\p
hnt[-b-ambn `hn-°p-∂p. Aßs\ Ah≥ k©-cn-°th hnP-
bm-]vXn-bn¬ FØn-t®-cp-Ibpw Ahs‚ C{µn-bm-i-I-sf√mw
æm\o-`-hn-°p-Ibpw ]cn-ip-≤m-fl klm-b-Øn\p ]m{Xo-`q-X-\m-
hp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. At∏mƒ Ah≥ Xs‚ aptºbp≠m-bn-cp∂

Zu¿_-ey-ß-sfbpw Nm]-ey-ß-sfbpw Ipdn®p e÷n-°p-Ibpw
]›m-Ø-]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ a\p-jys‚
kz`m-h-K-Xn°v henb am‰w kw`-hn-°p-Ibpw ]q¿∆-io-e-ßƒ°v
al-Ø-c-amb ]cn-h¿Ø\w I≠p-h-cn-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Xs∂-
bp-a-√, Ah≥ Xs‚ aptºbp≠m-bn-cp∂ PohnX k{º-Zm-b-ß-
fn¬\n∂p th¿s]´v AI∂pt]mIp- ∂ p. Aip- ≤ - X - I - f n¬
\ns∂√mw {]£m-fn-X-\mbn Ah≥ ip≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.
Ahs‚ lrZ-b-Øn¬\n∂p amen-\ysØ \nt»jw XpS®p
\o°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Ahs‚ lrZ-b-Øn¬ ssZhw Xs‚ Icw
sIm≠v k≤¿Ω-t{]-asØ Dt√-J\w sNøp-Ibpw Ahs‚ lrZ-
b-t£{X-Øn¬ kXy-Øns‚ ssk\y-ßƒ ]mf-b-a-Sn-°p-Ibpw
A¥x-i-‡n-I-fm-Ip∂ Zp¿§-ß-sf-sb√mw kXy-[¿Ωw AS-°n-
`-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Aßs\ kXyw hnP-bn-°p-Ibpw
AkXyw Bbp[w sh®p Iog-S-ßp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Cu ku`m-
Ky-Øn\p ]m{Xo-`-hn-°p∂ a\p-jys‚ta¬ ssZh-Øns‚ Xncp-
Icw \ng-en-°p-Ibpw Ah≥ ssZh-c-£-bpsS XW-en¬ \S-°p-
am-dm-hp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Cu `{Zmhÿsb ]cm-a¿in®p hnip≤
Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-I-bmWv:
""ssZhw Xs‚ IcwsIm≠v hnizm-kn-I-fpsS lrZ-b-ß-fn¬

kXyhnizm-ksØ teJ\w sNøp-Ibpw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-s\-
s°m≠p Ahsc klm-bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p''(58:23).
""hnizm-kn-Itf! ssZhw kXy-hn-izm-ksØ \nßƒ°v {]nb-

¶-c-am-°p-Ibpw AXns‚ kuµ-cy-sØbpw ku`m-Ky-sØbpw
\nß-fpsS lrZ-b-ßfn¬ ]Xn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Ahn-izm-k-sØbpw
A[¿Ω-sØbpw ]m]-sØbpw Ipdn®p \nßƒ°p hnc‡n P\n-
∏n-°p-Ibpw tZmj-am¿§-ß-sf√mw \njn-≤-am-sW∂p \nßƒ°p
t_m[yw hcp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p; C{]-Imcw ssZh-k-

lmbw e`n-®n-cn-°p-∂-h-ct{X t\¿hgn A\p-K-an-°p-∂-h¿.
CsX√mw ssZh-Øns‚ A\p-{K-l-Øn¬\n∂pw Icp-W-bn¬
\n∂p-am-Ip-∂p. ssZhw G‰hpw Adn-bp-∂-h\pw AKm-[-⁄-\p-
a- s {X''(49:8,9).
""kXyw {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-Ibpw AkXyw Xntcm-`-hn-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXp; \n›-b-ambpw Ak-Xy-Øn\v kXysØ t\cn-Sm-\m-hp-
I-bn-√' (17:82).
Npcp-°-Øn¬, aq∂m-asØ A`n-hr≤n L´-Øn¬ a\p-jy\p
e`y-am-Ip∂ B≤ym-fl-ÿn-Xn-sb-bmWv {]kvXpX hmIy-ßƒ
kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Cu Ahÿ {]m]n-°m-Ø-h\p Hcn-°epw ]c-
am¿∞Z¿i\w A\p-`-h-am-Ip-∂n-√. "ssZhw Xs‚ IcwsIm≠v
Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-ß-fn¬ kXy-hn-izm-ksØ teJ\w sNbvXp'
F∂pw "]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-s\-s°m≠p Ahsc klm-bn®p'
F∂pw ChnsS {]kv X m- h n- ° - s ∏- ´ n- c n- ° p- ∂ - X n- s \- ° p- d n®p
Nn¥n®p t\m°p- I . Cu hmIy- ß ƒ kqNn- ∏ n- ° p- ∂ - X v ,
ssZhnIklmbw sIm≠-√msX a\p-jy≥ bYm¿∞-amb ]cn-
ip-≤nbpw k¬K-Xnbpw {]m]n-°p-I-bn-s√-∂m-Ip-∂p. c≠m-asØ
]cn-jvI-c-W-L-´-amb "\^vkv e∆ma' AYhm "kzbw imk-Im-
flm-hn's‚ Ah-ÿb - n¬ Zpjvt{]-cW
- I- fpw k¬{]-tNm-Z\ - ß
- fpw
XΩn¬ t]mcm´w \S-°p-I-bm-bn-cn-°pw. X≥aq-ew, hy‡ym-flmhv
XpS-sc-Øp-Ssc sNbvXp-t]mb sX‰p-Ip-‰-ß-sf-°p-dn®p ]›m-Ø-
]n-°p-Ibpw ho≠pw ho≠pw Nm]eyw ImWn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-
∂p. Nne-t∏mƒ Ah≥ XpS¿®-bm-bp≈ ]cm-Pbw tlXp-hmbn
Xs‚ kz`mh ]cn-jvI-c-WsØ kw_-‘n®p \ncm-i-\mbn `hn-
°p-Ibpw Xs‚ Bflob tcmK-Øn\p {]Xyu-j[ - a- n-s√∂p hnNm-
cn®p t]mhp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Cu ÿnXn Ah-\n¬ Hcp ]cn-an-
X-Imew hsc XpS-cp-∂p. HSp°w Cu Bfl-k-a-c-Øn\p ]q¿Øn
hcp-∂-tXm-Sp-IqSn ssZh-k-lm-b-Øn-\p≈ Imew hcp-Ibpw
cm{Xn-bntem ]Item s]mSp-∂t\ Ah\p Hcp tXPv {]Xy-
£-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ssZhnI {]`mhw A¥¿`-hn-®n-cn-°p∂
Cu tXP-ns‚ Bhn¿`m-h-tØmSpIqSn Ahs‚ A¥-cw-K-
Øn¬ Hcp A¤p-X-]-cn-h¿Ø\w D≠m-bn-h-cn-I-bpw, Xs∂ Hc-
Zr-iy-Icw apt∂m´p\bn-°p-∂-Xmbn Ah\p A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-Ibpw

Hc-¤p-X-temIw \h-ambn Ahs‚ A¥¿Zr-jvSn°v tKmN-co-`-
hn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. At∏mƒ Ah\v ssZh-Øns‚ kØsb
°pdn®p \n›-b⁄ - m\w kn≤n-°p-Ibpw Hcp \hy-{]-Im-iØ
- m¬
Ahs‚ t\{X-ßƒ Zo]y-am-\-am-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw A]-cn-Nn-X-amb
]e Imcy-ßfpw Ah\v A\p-`-h-s∏´p XpS-ßp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
F∂m¬, Cu am¿§w {]m]n-°p-Ibpw Cu Znhy-tX-Pv
ssIh-cp-Øp-Ibpw sNøm-hp-∂-sX-ßs\? Imcy-Im-cW _‘-
tØm-Sp-Iq-Snb Cu temIØp \mw ImWp∂ F√m Imcy-Øn\pw
Hmtcm Imc-Whpw F√m {Inbbv°pw Hmtcm t{]c-I-hp-ap-≠v.
AXp-t]mse Xs∂ GXp ⁄m\-Øns‚ kºm-Z-\-Øn\pw Hcp
{]tXyI am¿§-hp-ap-≠v. Imcy-km-≤y-Øn-te°v \bn-°p∂ B
am¿§-Øn\p AXn-t‚-Xmb t\¿hgn F∂p ]d-bmw. ssZhw {]Ir-
Xn-bn¬ \n›-bn®psh®n-cn-°p∂ \nb-a-hy-h-ÿnXnsb A\p-
k-cn-°p-∂Xp sIm≠-√msX Hcp Imcyhpw km[n-°m-hp-∂-X-√.
Hmtcm Imcy-Øn\pw AXn-s‚-Xmb t\¿h-gn-bp-s≠∂pw Imcy-
e_v[n B am¿§m-h-ew-_-\sØ B{i-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw
{]IrXn\nbaw a\-n-em-°n-Ø-cp-∂p-≠v. ZrjvSm-¥-am-bn, \mw
Ccp-´-d-bn¬ Ccn-°p-Ibpw \ap°v kqcy-{]-Imiw Bh-iy-ambn
hcn-Ibpw sNøp-∂-]£w kqcy-∂-`n-ap-J-amb hmXn-ep-Iƒ Xpd-
∂p-sh-°p-I-bmWv \mw ssIs°m-t≈-≠p∂ icn-bmb am¿§w.
A{]-Imcw sNøp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ X¬£Ww shfn®w AIØp
{]th-in®p ÿe-amsI {]Im-ih - Ø
- m-°n-Øo¿°p-∂X - m-Wv. CtX-
{]-Im-cw, ssZh-Øn¬\n∂p bYm¿∞-amb A\p-{K-lhpw ]mcn-
tXm-jn-Ihpw {]m]y-am-Ip-∂X - n\p {]tXy-Ia
- mb Ihm-Shpw Bflo-
bX kn≤n-°p-∂-Xn\p {]tXyI am¿§hpw D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.
AXn-\m¬, sFlnI Pohn-X-Øn¬ \ap-°m-h-iy-amb Imcy-ßƒ
km[n-°p-∂-Xn\v Ah-bv°p≈ icn-bmb hgn-Iƒ tXSn-∏n-Sn®p
]cn- { i- a n- ° p∂ {]ImcwXs∂, Bflo- b m- \ p- ` q- X n- I ƒ°p≈
t\¿am¿§w At\z-jn-®-dn-tb-≠Xpw \ΩpsS I¿Ø-hy-am-Wv. Cu
ssZssh-Iy-{]m-]vXn-°p≈ ]mh-\-amb t\¿hgn A]q¿Æamb
_p≤n i‡n-sIm≠p Is≠-Øm-hp-∂-XmtWm? ssZh-Øns‚
i‡-amb ssIsIm-≠-√msX Xpd°p-hm≥ hømØ B hmXn-
ep-Iƒ a\p-jy-Ir-X-amb X¿°-im-kv{Xhpw Z¿i-\-im-kv{Xhpw

aptJ\ Xpd∂p In´ptam? C√, Hcn-°-ep-an-√. \nXy-Po-hn-bmbn
k¿∆k‘m-c-I-\m-bn-cn-°p∂ ssZhsØ a\p-jys‚ kq{X-ß-
fmepw Iui-eß- f- mepw {]m]n-°p-hm-\m-hp-Ib
- n-√. AXn-\m-bvs°m-
≠p≈ GI-am¿§w \ΩpsS k¿∆-i-‡n-Ifpw BZy-ambn ssZh-
Øn\p Iogvs∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠p PohnXw ssZh-Øn-\m-b¿∏n-°p-
Ibpw ssZthm-]-e-œn-°mbn k¿hm-fl\m {]m¿∞n®psIm≠n-
cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I-sb-∂-Xm-Wv. Cßs\ ssZhsØ ssZhw
aptJ\Xs∂ AXm-b-Xv, ssZh-Øns‚ klmbw sIm≠pXs∂
{]m]n-°p-I-bm-Ip-∂p.
CXn-te°v kap-Nn-X-amb hmNI kujvT-h-tØmSpIqSn-
bXpw a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn°v tbmPn-®Xpw Bflm-hns‚ \nk¿§-
t_m-[-ßsf icn-bmbn Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xp-amb Hcp {]m¿∞\
hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ AXnse {]Y-am-≤ym-b-Øn¬ ]Tn-∏n®p X∂n-
´p-≠v. AXn-{]-Im-c-amWv: ""Ir]m-\n-
[nbpw Zbm-I-c-\p-amb A√m-lp-hns‚ \ma-Øn¬''
“]mh-\a
- mb k¿∆-kvtXm-{Xhpw k¿∆-tem-
I-ß-tfbpw krjvSn®p c£n®p ]cn-]m-en-°p-∂-h-\mb A√m-
lp-hn-\s{X” “Rß-fpsS I¿Ω-Øn\pw ]cn-{i-
a-Øn\pw aptºXs∂ Rß-fpsS Bh-iym¿∞w k¿∆ A\p-
{KlhkvXp-°fpw Xøm-dm-°n-Ø-∂n-cn-°p∂ Ir]m-\n-[n-bpw,
I¿Ω-ßƒ°v Zbm-]q¿∆w ê-ßƒ \evIp∂ Imcp-Wyh-m\p-
amb ssZhw!” “{]Xn-êw \evI-s∏-Sp∂ Zn\-
Øns‚ hn[nI¿XrXzw a‰m-cnepw ka¿∏n-°msX kzbw ]cym-
]vX-\mbn hmgp∂ k¿∆m-[n-]≥.” ""Cu
kvXpXn-Iƒs°√mw ]m{X-am-bn-cn-°p∂ \mYm! Rßƒ \ns∂
am{Xw Bcm-[n-°p-Ibpw \nt∂mSp am{Xw kIe Imcy-Ønepw
klm-b-a¿∞n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.'' ChnsS ""Rßƒ F∂
_lp-h-N-\hmNn D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv, ssZhm-cm-[-\-bn¬
\ΩpsS kIe A¥-»-‡n-Ifpw hym]-cn-°p-∂p F∂pw AXp-
I-sf√mw ssZth-jvS-Øn\v Iogv hW-ßp∂p F∂pw kqNn-∏n-

°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn-´-s{X. Fs¥-∂m¬, a\p-jys\ Ahs‚ B¥-co-
b-i-‡n-I-tfm-sSm∏w Hcp hy‡n-bm-bn-´-√, i‡n kap-Zm-b-am-
bn-´mWv ]cn-K-Wn-°m-hp-∂-Xv. Aßs\ B i‡n-I-sf√mw
ssZhm-\p-k-c-W-Ønepw hgn-]m-Snepw hym]-cn-°pI F∂ Ah-
ÿm-hn-ti-j-amWv ‘Ckvemw’ i_vZm¿∞-Øn¬ hnh-£n-X-am-
bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
" Hm \mYm! \o Rßsf EPp-am¿§-Øn¬ \bn-t°-Wta! AXn¬
Xs∂ kpÿn-c-am°n \ns‚ ]mcn-tXm-jn-I-ßƒ°pw A\p-{K-
l-ßƒ°pw Imcp-Wy-Zm-\-ßƒ°pw ]m{Xo-`-hn-®-h-cpsS hgn-bn-
te°v \S- t Ø- W ta!'' ""\ns‚
t{Im[-ap-≠m-bn-´p-≈-h-cp-sSbpw, am¿§-hy-Xn-bm\w \nanØw
]ng®p \ns‚ k∂n-[n-bn¬ FØm-Xm-bn-t∏m-b-h-cp-sSbpw hgn-
bn¬ \n∂p Rßsf c£n-t°-Wta!'' Bao≥. ""Hm \mYm!
Aß-s\-Xs∂ B°n-bmepw!''
{]kvXpX Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-ß-fn¬\n∂p a\-n-em-Ip-∂-Xv,
PohnX k¿∆-kzhpw ssZh-am¿§-Øn¬ A¿∏n°p-Ibpw Ah\p
]q¿Æ-ambpw IogvhW-ßp-Ibpw Ahs‚ CjvSm-\p-k-c-W-Øn¬
ebn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXpsIm≠v, A`n-Im-ay-amb Bflo-bm-\p-`q-
Xnbpw ssZh-Øns‚ kmao]yhpw sFIyhpw `mj-Wm-arXpw
e`n-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn´p Xo{h-ambn {]m¿∞n®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂-h-cn-emWv ssZh-Øns‚ ]mcn-tXm-jn-I-ßƒ AYhm
A\p-{K-l-ßƒ h¿jn-°p-am-dm-Ip-∂Xv F∂-s{X. Ah¿ Xß-
fpsS kIe i‡n-I-sfbpw ssZthm-]m-k-\-bn¬ hym]-cn-∏n-
°p-Ibpw F√m ]m]-Øn¬\n∂pw kzbw AI∂p\nev°p-Ibpw
ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ {]Wn-]-Xn-°p-Ibpw kIe tZmj-ß-sfbpw
h¿÷n-°p-Ibpw ssZh-t{Im-[-Øns‚ hgn-I-fn¬ \ns∂√mw Zqc-
s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Cßs\ Ah¿ ÿn-cX-tbmSpw \njvI-f-
¶- ` - ‡ n- t bmSpw Bflm¿∞- X - t bmSpw ssZhsØ Xnc-
bp∂XpsIm≠v Ah-cpsS ]cn-{iaw k^-e-am-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw
Ah¿ Ahs\ {]m]n-°p-Ibpw Ahs‚ ]mh-\a - mb ⁄m\Nj-
I-Øn¬\n∂p IpSn®p Xr]vXn-bS- b - p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ssZh-am¿§-
Øn¬ kpÿncw h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v {]kvXpX hmIy-

Øn¬ kqNn-∏n-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂Xn¬\n∂p shfn-hm-Ip-∂-Xv,
Bflo- b m- \ p- ` q- X n- b n- t e°v \bn- ° p- ∂ - X n\p ]cym- ] v X - a mb
bYm¿∞ ssZhn-Im-\p-{Klw kXy-am¿§-Øn¬ ]cn-]q¿Æ-ÿn-
c-X-tbmSp IqSn-bn-cn-°p-∂XpsIm≠-√msX e`y-am-Ip-∂-X-s√-∂m-
Wv. ChnsS ]cn-]q¿Æ-ÿn-cX F∂p ]d-™n-cn-°p∂XpsIm-
≠p≈ hnh-£n-Xw, Hcp ITn\ ]co-£°pw N©-en-∏n-°p-hmt\m
£X-s∏-Sp-Øp-hmt\m km[n-°mØ \njvI-f-¶hpw \njvI-]-S-
hp-amb `‡n-hm-bv]m-Ip-∂p. AXm-b-Xv, JUv-K-Øn\v hnt—-Zn-
°p-hm≥ Ign-bm-ØXpw A·n°v Icn-°p-hm≥ høm-ØXpw
IjvSm-\p-`-h-Øn\v t`Zn-∏n-°p-hm≥ km[n-°m-ØXpw _‘p-°-
fpsS ac-WØ - n\v th¿s]-Sp-Øp-hm-\m-hm-ØXpw {]nb-P\ - Ø
- ns‚
hnc-l-Zpx-J-Øn\v `⁄n-°p-hm≥ iIy-a-√m-ØXpw am\-\-jvS-`-
b-Øn\v Nen-∏n-°p-hm-s\m-s°m-ØXpw ITn\ Zfi-\-tØmSp
IqSnb ac-W-hn-[n°v inYn-e-am-°p-hm≥ taem-Ø-Xp-amb kpZr-
V-_-‘-sa∂p AXns\ \n¿h-Nn-°mw. AXp-sIm-≠v, ssZthm-
]-e-œn-bn-te-°p≈ Cu IhmSw F{Xbpw CSp-ßn-bXpw sshj-
ay-ta-dn-b-Xp-a-s{X. lm, `‡n-am¿§w F{X Zp¿§aw! Cu Zp¿L-
Sm-h-ÿ-sb-bmWv hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ Xmsg tN¿°p∂ hmIy-
Øn¬ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
Ah-tcmSp ]d-bpI: \nß-fpsS ]nXm-°∑mcpw \nß-fpsS

]p{X∑mcpw \nß-fpsS ktlm-Z-c∑mcpw \nß-fpsS `mcy-amcpw
\nß-fpsS _‘p-°fpw \nßƒ I„s∏´p kºm-Zn® apX-ep-
Ifpw \ne®pt]mIp- s a∂p \nßƒ i¶n- ° p∂ I®- h - S hpw
\nßƒ°v at\m-l-c-ambn tXm∂p∂ hk-Xn-I-fpw, ssZh-sØ-
°mfpw Ahs‚ {]hm-NI - s
- \-°mfpw ssZh-am¿§-Øn-ep≈ {]bXv-
\-sØ-°m-fp-a[
- nIw \nßƒ°v {]nb-Xc - a
- m-Ip-∂p-sh-¶n¬, ssZhw
Xs‚ imk-\sb shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xphsc \nßƒ ImØn-cn-

°p-hn≥; ssZhw A[¿Ωn-Iƒ°v am¿§Z¿i\w \evIp-∂n-√.(9:24)
ssZth-jvSsØ Dt]-£n®v _‘p-°-sfbpw apX-ep-I-sfbpw
A[nIw kvt\ln-°p-∂-h-¿ ssZh-Zr-jvSn-bn¬ A[¿Ωn-I-fm-W-
∂t{X Cu hmIy-Øn¬\n∂p kv]jvS-am-Ip-∂-Xv. Ah¿ ssZh-
sØ- ° mƒ A\y- h - k vXp- ° sf {]am- W n®p h¿Øn°p-
∂XpsIm≠p Xo¿®-bmbpw \mi-a-S-bp-∂-Xm-Wv.
CXmWv aq∂m-asØ A`n-hr-≤n-L-´w. Cu Ah-ÿ-bn¬
ssZth-„Øn-\mbvs°m≠v kI-e-hn[ IjvS-XIfpw Acn-jvS-
X-Ifpw kln-°p-hm≥ k∂-≤-\m-hp-I-bpw, ssZh-sam-gn-sI-bp≈
H∂pw X\nbv°p≈X-s√∂pw Ahs\ IqSm-Xp≈ k¿∆hpw
arX- { ]m- b - s a∂pw hnNm- c n- ° p- a mdv \njv I - f ¶ `‡n- t bmSpw
Bflm¿∞-X-tbmSpw B k¿∆m-[n-\m-Ys‚ t\¿°v Nmbp-Ibpw
sNøp∂ hy‡n Btflm¬°¿jw kn≤n® ssZh-`-‡-\m-bn-
Øo-cp-∂p. hmkvXhw ]d-bp-∂-Xm-bm¬ \mw \Ωn¬ Hcp arXyp
hcp-Øn-bm-e-√m-sX, AXm-bXv \ΩpsS hnj-tb-—-Iƒ°v \miw
`hn- ® m- e - √ msX Aa¿Xy- \ mbn \nXy- P o- h n- b m- b n- c n- ° p∂
ssZhsØ \ap°v ImWp-hm≥ km[n-°p-Ib - n-√. \ΩpsS ùXnI
Pohn-X-Øn\v arXn kw`-hn-°p∂ \mtftXm AXmWv ssZh-
Øns‚ shfn-]m-Sn-\p≈ kpZn-\w. A\y-h-kvXp-°-fpsS Z¿i-
\sØ kw_-‘n®p A‘-cm-bn-Øo-cm-Xn-cn-°p-∂n-S-tØmfw
Imew \mw Ipcp-S-cp-a-s{X. ssZh-Øns‚ Xnc-pI-c-Øn¬ arX-
{]m-b-cmbn `hn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-thmfw \mw tIhew \n¿÷o-h-cm-
Ip-∂p. \ΩpsS apJw ssZh-Øn-∂-`n-ap-J-am-bn-Øo-cp-tºmƒ am{X-
amWv kIe ico-tc-—-Ifpw Pbn-®-S-°p-hm-\p≈ ÿnc\njvT
\ap°v e`y-am-hp-I. Cu ÿnc\njvT-bm-et{X hnj-b-e-º-S-Xz-
Øn\p \miw hcp-∂-Xv. \Ωn-ep-≠m-bn-Øo-tc≠ Cu ÿnc-Nn-
Ø- X _- e m- a≥ Akvea
hPvllq en√mln hlph aplvkn-\p≥ F∂ hmIywsIm≠p
hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ kqNn-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂ {]Im-cw, ssZh-Øns‚
Xncp-ap-ºn¬ \ΩpsS Kf-\m-fsØ _en-b¿∏n-°p-hm≥ \sΩ
k∂-≤-cm-°p∂ Ah-ÿ-bm-Wv. AX-\p-k-cn®p \ΩpsS kIe
_mlyw-K-ß-tfbpw A¥x-i-‡n-I-tfbpw ssZh-ln-Xm-\p-h¿Ø-
\-Øn¬ hym]-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw \ΩpsS ac-Whpw Pohn-Xhpw ssZh-

Øn-\p--th-≠n-bp-≈X
- m-°n-Øo¿°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ am{X-amWv
Cu D¬°r-jvS-amb ÿnc-\njvT \ap°v kn≤n-°p-∂-Xv. CXp
hnj-b-I-ambn hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-I-bmWv:
]d-bpI: ""Fs‚ \a-kvIm-chpw Fs‚ XymKhpw Fs‚ Pohn-

Xhpw Fs‚ ac-Whpw F√mw k¿∆-tem-I-\m-Y-\mb ssZh-
Øn-∂m-Ip-∂p''(6:163). Xs‚ Pohn-Xhpw ac-Whpw X\n-°p-th-
≠n-bm-bn-cn-°msX ssZh-Øn\p th≠n-bm-bn-cn-°-Ø-°-hÆw
Hcp-hs‚ ssZh-t{]aw Xo{h-X-c-am-bn-Øo-cp-tºmƒ, kvt\ln-°p-
∂-h-sc kvt\ln®pt]m∂-h-\mb k¿t∆-iz-c≥ Xs‚ t{]asØ
Ah-\n¬ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. Cu t{]a-Zz-b-Øns‚ kwtbm-K-
Øm¬, euInI _p≤n-Iƒ°v ImWp-hmt\m Xncn-®-dn-bp-hmt\m
hømØ Hcp tXPv Ah-\n¬ D¬`q-X-ambn hcp-∂p. At\I
kl{kw kXy-`-‡-∑mcpw k¬]p-{X∑mcpw \n¿±bw h[n-°-
s∏´p t]mbXv Ahsc temIw Xncn-®-dn-bm-™-Xn-\m-em-Wv. Ah-
cpsS Im¥n-a-b-ß-fmb apJ-I-a-e-ßsf A‘-amb temI-Øn\v
ImWp-hm≥ km[n-°m-Xn-cp-∂Xp sIm≠pXs∂-bmWv Ah¿
h©-Is - c∂pw kzm¿∞n-Is - f∂pw hnfn-°s
- ∏-Sp-Ib
- p-≠m-bX
- v. Cu
Bflobm‘Xsb kqNn-∏n®p hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ Hcp ÿeØp
]d-bp-∂-Xn-ß-s\-bmWv: ""Ahn-
izm-kn-Iƒ \ns‚ t\¿°v t\m°p∂p: F∂m¬, Ah¿ \ns∂
ImWp-∂n-√''(7:199).
Npcp-°-Øn¬, kz¿§ob tXPv kwPm-X-am-Ip∂ B
kpZn\wsXm´p ùan-I-\mb a\p-jy≥ kz¿§o-b-\m-bn-Øo-cp-∂p.
Ahs‚ D≈n¬\n∂v kI-e-h-√-`-\mb ssZhw kwkm-cn-°p-
Ibpw Xs‚ ssZh-Xz-Øn≥{]`sb Ah-\n¬ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-
Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ]mh-\-amb ssZhm-\p-cmKwsIm≠p \nd™p
hgn-bp∂ Ahs‚ lrZ-bsØ kI-te-iz-c≥ Xs‚ Bhm-khpw
Xs‚ al-Xz-Øns‚ aln-Xm-k-\-hp-am-°p-∂p. ]mh-\-amb Bfl-
]-cn-h¿Ø\waqew Cu hy‡n ]pXnb a\p-jy-\m-bn-Øo-cp∂
L´w apX¬ Abmƒ°p ssZhhpw ]pXn-b-h-\mbn `hn-°p-∂p.
Abmsf kw_-‘n-t®-St- Ømfw ssZhw Xs‚ s]cp-am-‰ß - f

- nepw
\nb-a-k-{º-Zm-b-ß-fnepw Hcp ]pXp-asb {]I-Sn-∏n®p XpS-ßp-
∂p. F∂m¬, bYm¿∞-Øn¬ ssZhw ]pXn-b-h-\mbn `hn-°p-
Itbm Ahs‚ k{º-Zm-b-ßƒ ]pXn-b-h-bm-bn-Øo-cp-Itbm
sNøp-∂n-√. F¶nepw Ahs‚ Cu s]cp-am‰w kmam\y \nb-a-
Øn¬\n∂pw `n∂hpw ùXnIXØz-⁄∑m¿°v A]-cn-Nn-X-hp-
amb Xc-Øn-em-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Cu D¬°r-jvS-amb ]cn-
h¿Ø\w kn≤n® hy‡nsb Dt±-in®p hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ ]d-
bp-∂p.
""a\p-jy-cn¬sh®v ssZth-jvS-Øn\pth≠n Pohn-Xm¿∏Ww

sNbvXn-cn-°p∂ D¬°r-jvS≥am¿, ssZhm-ò-jvSØ - n\p ]I-ca - mbn
Xß-fpsS Pohs\ hn{Ibw sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p; Ch-cmWv ssZh-
Øns‚ ImcpWy {]I-S-\-Øn\p ]m{X-am-bn-´p-≈-h¿''(2:208). Cu
hn[-Øn-emWv Bflo-b-amb A`n-hr-≤n-L-´sØ {]m]n® a\p-
jy≥ ssZh-am¿§-Øn¬ Bflm¿∏Ww sNøp-∂-Xv. hnip≤ Jp¿-
B≥ {]kvXpX hmIywsIm≠p \sΩ t_m[-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv,
ssZh-Øns‚ am¿§-Ønepw Ahs‚ CjvS-Øn-\mbpw Pohs\
_en-b¿∏n-°p-Ibpw ssZh-`-‡nsb XymKwaqew shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-
Ibpw Xs‚ PohnXw {kjvSm-hns\ hW-ßp-∂-Xn\pw ka-kr-
jvSn-Isf tkhn-°p-∂Xn\pw th≠n-bp-≈-Xm-sW∂p k¿∆-m-
fl\m t_m[n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h≥ kIe ZpxJ-ß-fn¬\n∂pw
tamN\w {]m]n-°p-∂-Xm-sW-∂m-Ip-∂p. Cßs\ Xs‚ k¿t∆-
—-Ifpw ssZhm-ò-jvS-Øn\p A[o-\-am-°p-∂-h≥, Bflm-\p-k-c-
W-am-Ip∂ Z¿∏-W-Øn¬ Xs‚ A\p-cm-K-]m-{X-amb I¿Øm-
hns\ Z¿in-°p-am-dv, lrZb km∂n-≤y-tØmSpw Hu¬kp-Iy-
tØmSpwIqSn kIe A¥x-i-‡n-I-tfbpw X¬kw-_-‘n-I-fmb
k≤¿Ω-ß-fn¬ hym]-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. At∏mƒ Ahs‚
Cjv S w ssZh- Ø ns‚ Cjv S - Ø n- \ - \ p- k r- X - a m- b n- c n- ° p- I bpw
Ahs‚ k¿∆m-\-µhpw ssZh-Øns‚ CjvSw \n¿∆-ln-°p-∂-
Xn¬ am{X-am-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Ah≥ k¬°¿Ω-ßsf
`mc-ß-sf-t∂m-W-a√ AXoh Hu¬kp-Iy-tØmSpw kwXr-]vXn-
tbm-Spw IqSn-bmWv A\p-jvTn-°p-I. AXm-b-Xv, Ah≥ k≤¿Ωm-
\p-jvTm-\-Øn\p k¿∆m-fl\m {]tNm-Zn-X-\m-bn-cn-°p∂XmWv.

Cu Ah-ÿ-bmWv B≤ym-fln-I-k-c-Wn-bn¬ k©-cn-°p∂ a\p-
jy\v sFlnIPohn-X-Øn¬ {]m]y-am-Ip∂ kz¿§w. Ah\p
`mhnPohn-X-Øn¬ e`n-°p-hm-\p≈ kz¿§-am-Is´ {]kvXpX
kz¿§-Øns‚ {]Xn-_nw-_-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Cl-Øn¬ A\p-
`-h-am-bn-Øo-cp∂ Cu Bflo-bm-\p-`q-Xn-Iƒ ssZh-Øns‚ A]m-
c-i‡n ssh`-h-Øm¬ ]mc-{XnIPohn-X-Øn¬ {]Xy£cq]w
[cn-°p-am-dm-Ip-∂p. Cu A\p-{K-lsØ kqNn-∏n®v hnip≤ Jp¿-
B≥ ]d-bp-I-bmWv: ""Xs‚ c£n-Xm-
hmb ssZhsØ `bs∏-Sp-Ibpw Ahs‚ alnX ÿm\-sØbpw
{]`m-h-sØbpw `‡n-tbmSpIqSn ho£n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-
h\mtcm Ah\v Cl-Ønepw ]c-Ønepw c≠v kz¿§-ap-≠v' (55:47).
""ssZh-`-‡n-bnepw [ym\-Ønepw ebn-
®-hsc Ah-cpsS c£n-Xm-hmb ssZhw, lrZ-b-ß-sfbpw hnNm-
c-ß-sfbpw Dt±-i-yß-sfbpw ]hn-{X-am-°n-Øo¿°p∂ ]m\obw
IpSn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv' (76:22).
" k≤¿Ωn-Iƒ "Im^q¿'(-I¿∏q-cw) tN¿Ø ]m\obw IpSn-°p∂p;

XßƒXs∂ shń-°o-dn-sbm-gp-Ip-am-dm-°p∂ Du‰n¬ \n∂mWv
Ah¿ ]m\w sNøp-∂-Xv' (76:6,7). aptºsbmcn-SØp {]kvXm-hn-
®Xp t]mse, "AS-bv°pI' F∂pw "aqSpI' F∂pw A¿∞-ap≈
"I^¿' F∂ hm°n¬ \n∂p¬]-∂-amb "Im^q¿' F∂ ]Zw
Cu hmIy-Øn¬ {]bp-‡-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv, k≤¿Ωn-Iƒ ssZhm-
\p-cm-K-Øn-s‚bpw Bfl-]-cn-Xym-K-Øn-s‚bpw ]m\obw IpSn-®n-
cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ah-cpsS {]]-©m-\p-cmKw XWp-Øp-t]m-hp-
Ibpw Ah-cpsS hnj-tb-—-Iƒ AS-ßn-t∏m-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-
°p∂p F∂p kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn-´-s{X. hnIm-c-ß-sf√mw
at\m-hym-]m-c-Øns‚ ê-ß-fm-W-t√m. X≥aqew lrZbw A\p-
Nn-X-ß-fmb hnNm-c-ß-fn¬\n∂p AI-ep-Ibpw Ah-bp-ambn
AXn\v _‘-an-√m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ hnj-tb-—-Iƒ
{ItaW Ipd™p Ipd™v C√m-Xm-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. ]q¿Æ-amb \ne-
bn¬ ssZh-Øn¬ Bflm¿∏Ww sNøp-∂-h¿ hnj-bm-k-‡n-

bn¬\n∂p Zqc-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-sW∂v {]kvXpX Jp¿-B≥ hmIyw
a\-n-em-°n-Ø-cp-∂p. AXn-\m¬, ssZh-Øn¬ lrZ-b-km-I-ey-
tØmsS Nmbp-Ibpw Ahs\ am{Xw B{i-bn®p h¿Øn-°p-
Ibpw sNøp∂ k≤¿Ωn-I-fpsS hnIm-cm·n XWpØp t]mhp-
Ibpw, I¿∏qcwsIm≠p hnjm-Wp-°ƒ F∂t]mse Ah-cpsS
hnj-tb-—-Iƒ AS-ßn-t∏m-hp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xm-Wv.
aptºbp-≤-cn® hmIy-ß-tfm-S-\p-_-‘n®p hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥
]d-bp∂p: (I¿∏qc ]m\o-
b-Øn\p tijw) "k≥P-_o¬' AYhm Np°v tN¿Ø ]m\obw
Ah¿ IpSn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv(76:18). Cu hmIy-Ønse "k≥P-
_o¬' F∂ ]Zw "k\mAv' F∂pw "P_¬' F∂pw c≠p
hm°p-Iƒ tN¿∂p≈ kwbp‡ i–-am-sW-∂Xv {]tXyIw
{it≤-b-am-Wv. Ad-_n-bn¬ "k\mAv' F∂ hm°n\v Itcdn
F∂pw "P_¬' F∂-Xn\v "ae' F∂pw A¿∞w. At∏mƒ,
"k≥P-_o¬' F∂ kwbp‡ ]Z-Øn\v "ae-I-bdn' F∂¿∞-
am-bn. hnj-tcmKw _m[n® Hcp-h\v ]q¿Æm-tcmKyw {]m]n-°p-
∂-Xn-\n-Sbv°v c≠p L´-ßƒ XcWw sNtø-≠-Xm-bn-´p-≠v.
H∂m-asØ L´-Øn¬ hnjm-Wp-°-fpsS kw{Iaw \ne-bv°p-
Ibpw tcmK-Øns‚ D{KX ian-°p-Ibpw A]-IS\ne hn´p-am-dp-
Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Cßs\ BtcmKyw A]-I-S-s∏-Sp-Øp-am-dp≈
Xc-Øn¬ i‡n-bmbn ASn®p Ib-dnb hnjhym[n-bm-Ip∂ B
sImSp-¶m‰p ian-°p-∂p-sh-¶n-epw, X¬^-e-am-bp-≠m-bn-Øo¿∂
_e- £ - b hpw £oW- X bpw Ah- \ n¬ tijn- ° p∂XmWv .
X∑qew _ew {]tbm-Kn-®p≈ Hcp thebpw Ah\v sNøp-hm≥
km[n-°p-∂-X-√. _e-lo-\X \nanØw Ah≥ Poh-—h-sa-
t∂mWw Nm™pw Ncn™pw \S-t°≠n hcp-∂p. F∂m¬,
c≠m-asØ L´-Øn-em-Is´ aptºbp≠m-bn-cp∂ BtcmKyw
Xncn®p In´p-Ibpw tZl-Øn\p _ew IqSnhcp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
C{]-Imcw i‡n ]q¿∆-ÿn-Xnsb {]m]n-°p-∂-tXmSp IqSn
Ah≥ \n¿∆n-i¶w ae-ap-I-fn¬ Ib-dp-hm\pw Dt∑-j-`-cn-X-\mbn
Npc-ßƒ Ibdn adn-bp-hm\pw Ignhpw Ic-f-pd-∏p-ap≈-h-\m-bn-Øo-
cp-∂-Xm-Wv. Cß-s\-bp≈ Ah-ÿ-bmWv aq∂m-asØ ]cn-
h¿Ø-\-Z-i-bmb B≤ym-flnI L´-Øn¬ A\p-`h-am-Ip-∂-Xv.

Cu Ah-ÿsb Dt±-in-®mWv aptºbp-≤-cn® hmIy-Øn¬,
D¬°r-jvSÿ- m\w {]m]n® Xo{h-`‡ - ∑m¿°v "k≥P-_o¬' (Np-
°v) tN¿Ø ]m\obw \evI-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-sW∂p hnip≤Jp¿-
B≥ {]kvXm-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXm-b-Xv, ]q¿Æ-amb Bflob
i‡n kn≤n-°p∂tXmSpIqSn Ah¿ D∂-X-ß-fmb ]¿∆X
{]tZ-iß
- ƒ Ib-dn-ad
- n-bp-Ibpw {]bmk-ßf - mb Imcy-ßƒ km[n-
°p-Ibpw ssZh-am¿§-Øn¬ hnkvab - m-hl
- a- mb XymK-I¿Ω-ßƒ
\n¿∆-ln-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xm-Wv.
sshZy-im-kv{X-{]-Imcw "k≥P-_o¬' (-Np-°v) PT-cm-·n-
h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw AXn-kmcw \ndp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw D]-tbm-K-
{]-Za
- mb Huj-[n-bm-Wv. "k≥P-_o¬' F∂ t]cpXs∂ AXns‚
{]tXyI KpWsØ Ipdn-°p-∂X - m-Ip-∂p. Fß-s\-sb-∂m¬, AXv
_e-lo-\-\mb Hcp-hs‚ tZl-Øn\p _ehpw DjvWhpw \evIn
Ahs\ ae Ib-dp-hm≥t]mepw Ign-hp-‰-h-\m-°n-Øo¿°p-∂p.
Im^q-dn-s\bpw k≥P-_o-en-s\bpw Ipdn®p {]kvXm-hn-°p∂
taep-≤-cn® c≠p Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-ßƒ, a\p-jy≥ sshj-bnI
Pohn-X-Øn¬\n∂v k≤¿Ω-K-Xn-bn-te°v D¬]-Xn-°p-∂-Xn\v
XcWw sNtø-≠p∂ c≠p L´-ß-sf-bmWv Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-
∂-Xv. A`n-hr-≤n-bn-te°v D∂-an-°p-∂-Xn\v Ah≥ BZy-ambn
sNøp∂ tNjvSbv°p tijw D¬`-hn-°p∂ H∂m-asØ L´-
Øn¬ tZmj-_o-P-ßƒ \in-°p-Ibpw hnjb hnIm-c-ßƒ ian-
°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. CXmWv "Im^q¿' ]m\o-bØ - n-s‚-Xmb L´w.
I¿∏qcw hnj-l-c-amb Huj-[n-bm-b-Xp-sIm-≠mWv AXv hnjq-
Nn-I, hnj-Pzcw XpS-ßnb hym[n-Iƒ°v hfsc êw sNøp-∂-
Xmbn ImWp-∂-Xv. {]kvXpX L´-Øn¬ hnj-kw-{Iaw \ne-
bv°p-Ibpw tcmKw ian-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-sh-¶nepw tcmKn-bpsS
_e-£b - hpw £oWhpw C√m-Xm-Ip-∂n-√. F∂m¬, c≠m-asØ
L´-Øn¬ Ah≥ k≥P-_o¬ ]m\obwsIm≠v i‡n-`-cn-X-\m-
bn-Øo-cp-∂p. k≥P-_o¬ ]m\o-bs - a-∂Xv k¿∆-i‡
- \ - mb ssZh-
Øns‚ kuµ-cy-a-ln-am-Xn-i-b-ß-fpsS shfn-]m-Sm-Ip-∂p. Bflm-
hns‚ Blm-c-amb Cu shfn-]mSpsIm≠v i‡n]q¿Æ\mbn
`hn-°p∂ hy‡n Bflo-bu-∂-Xy-ß-fn-te°v Ib-dn-s®-√p-∂-
Xn\pw ssZh-am¿§-Øn¬ al-Ø-c-amb XymK-ßƒ hcn-°p-∂-

Xn\pw {]m]vX-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. ssZhm-\p-cm-K-am-Ip∂ A·n
lrZ-bm-¥¿`m-KØv ÿnXnsNøp∂ Ime-Ø-√msX Hcp-h\v
Aß-s\-bp≈ XymK-ßƒ sNøp-hm≥ km≤y-am-hp-I-bn-√. Cu
c≠p hn[ Bflo-bL - ´- ß
- sf a\-n-em-°n-Øc- p-∂X
- n-\m-bn-´t{X
"Iog-S-°p-∂Xv' F∂pw "ta¬t∏m´v Ib-dp-hm≥ i‡n \evIp-
∂Xv' F∂pw bYm-{Iaw A¿∞w Ipdn-°p∂ "Im^q¿' F∂pw
"k≥P-_o¬' F∂pw c≠p ]Z-ßƒ hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ {]tbm-
Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ho≠pw Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-∂Xp ImWpI:
""\n›- b - a mbpw
kXysØ kzoI-cn-°m-Ø-h¿°m-bn´v irwJ-e-Ifpw IWvT-]m-
i- ß fpw Pzen- ° p∂ A·nbpw \mw Xøm¿ sNbv X n- c n- ° p-
∂p''(76:5). Cu hmIyw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv, \njvI-f¶ a\-tmsS
ssZhsØ At\z-jn-°m-Ø-h-cn¬ ssZhn-I-amb {]Xn-{Inbm
\nbaw {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xms-W∂-s{X. Ah¿ irwJ-e-I-fm¬
_‘n-X-sc∂t]mse ùXnI Imcy-ß-fn¬Øs∂ hym]r-X-
cmbpw IWv T - ] m- i - Ø m¬ _‘- s c- ∂ - h Æw inc- p- I ƒ
Du¿≤z`mK-tØ°v s]m°p-hm≥ Ign-bm-Xn-cn-°p-amdv ùanI
Imcy-ß-fn¬ \na-·-cmbpw [\w kºm-Zn-°m\pw kzØp-°ƒ
ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw hntcm-[n-Isf Pbn-°m-\p-ap≈ hnj-bm-
i-I-fm¬ X]vX-lr-Z-b-cm-bp-an-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. C{]-Imcw A]-
IrjvS hnj-b-ß-fn¬ a·-cmbpw D¬°rjvS hym]m-c-ßƒ°v
A\¿l-cmbpw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ah¿°v ssZhw ta¬∏-
d™ aq∂p hn[ IjvS-X-Iƒ \nc-¥-c-am°nØo¿°p-∂p. a\p-
jy≥ sNøp∂ Hmtcm {Inbbv°pw {]Xn-bmbn ssZhhpw Hcp
{Inb shfn-s∏-Sp-am-dm-°p-∂p-sh-∂-Xn-te-°p≈ kqN\IqSn
ChnsS A¥¿`-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. DZm-lc - W
- a
- m-bn, Hcp-h≥ Xs‚
apdn-bpsS hmXn-ep-I-sf√mw AS®p If-bp∂ ]£w B {Inbsb
XpS¿∂p apdn-bn¬ A‘-Imcw hym]n-∏n-°p-I-sb-∂Xv ssZh-
I¿Ω-am-Ip-∂p. \ΩpsS F√m Hmtcm I¿Ω-Øn\pw A\n-hm-cy-
ê-ambn ssZhw {]IrXn \nb-a-Øn¬ \n›-bn-®n-cn-°p∂ Imcy-
sa√mw bYm¿∞-Øn¬ Imcy-Im-c-W-I¿Øm-hmb ssZh-Øns‚
{]{In-b-b-s{X. Hcp-h≥ ]mjmWw Ign-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬, AXns‚
A\n-hm-cy-^-e-ambn ssZhw acWw kw`-hn-°p-am-dm-°p-∂p. C{]-

ImcwXs∂, ]I¿®-hym[n ]nSn-s]-Sp-∂-Xn\p tlXp-hm-°p∂
tZmjw Hcp-h≥ sNøp-∂-Xm-bm¬, Ahs‚ B tNjvS-bpsS
{]Xn-{In-b-bmbn Ahs\ B tcmKw _m[n-°p-am-dm-°p-∂Xpw
\nbXn I¿Ω-am-Ip-∂p. Cßs\ sFlnI Pohn-X-Øn¬ \ΩpsS
F√m Hmtcm {Inbbv°pw A\n-hm-cy-ambn Hmtcm êw D≠m-
Ip-∂-Xmbn \mw ImWp-∂p-≠-t√m. B êw Xs∂-bmWv ssZh-
Øns‚ {Inb. Bflob hnj-bØ - nepw CtX \nbawXs∂-bmWv
hym]-cn®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu kwK-Xnsb hnip≤ Jp¿-
B≥ c≠p-Zm-l-c-W-ß-fm¬ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p. AXp ]d-bp-I-
bmWv: ""B¿ \sΩ {]m]n-°p-∂-
Xn\v ]q¿Æ-ambpw bXv\n-°p-∂pthm Ah-cpsS B bXv\Ø - ns‚
A\n-hm-cy-^-e-ambn Ahsc \mw \ΩpsS hgn-I-fn¬ \bn-°p-
am-dm-°p-∂p''(29:70). as‰mcp ÿeØp ]d-bp∂p:
""GsXm-cp-Ø¿ h{I-Xsb Ah-ew-
_n-°p-Ibpw t\¿h-gn-bn¬ \S-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-thm,
Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-ßsf \mw h{I-X-bp-≈-h-bm-°n-Øo¿°p-
∂p''(61:6). Cu hnjbw IqSp-X¬ {]kv]-jvS-am-°p-∂-Xn\v
hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xn-ß-s\-bmWv:
""GsXm-cp-h≥
Cl-Øn¬ A‘-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂pthm Ah≥ ]c-Ønepw A‘-
\m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. F∂√; A‘-t\-°mƒ A]-Ir-jvS-\m-bn-
cn-°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv' (17:73). Cu ssZh hmIyw hy‡-ambn kqNn-
∏n-°p-∂-Xv, bYm¿∞ `‡≥am¿ sFlnI Pohn-X-Øn¬Øs∂
ssZh-Øns‚ Xncp-apJw Z¿in-°p-am-dm-Ip-sa∂pw Ah¿ k¿∆-
kzhpw XyPn®v lrZ-b-]q¿∆w Iman® Ah-cpsS A\p-cm-K-]m-{X-
amb ssZhw Ahs‚ al¬{]`m- h - t ØmSp IqSn Cl-
Øn¬sh®pXs∂ Ah¿°p {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-sa-∂p-am-Wv. Npcp-°-
Øn¬, kz¿§ob Pohn-X-Øn-\p≈ ASn-ÿm-\-an-Sp-∂Xv Cl-
Øn¬ sh®p Xs∂-bm-sW∂pw \mc-Io-b-amb A‘-Po-hnXw
cq]-sa-Sp-°p-∂Xp sFln-I-Ønse Aip-≤n-tbmSpw Bflo-bm-
‘-X-tbmSpw IqSnb Pohn-X-Øn¬ \n∂m-sW-∂p-at{X {]kvXpX
hmIy-Øn¬ kqNn-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
CkvemanIZr„ym kz¿§ \c-I-ßƒ
CtX hnj-b-sØ-°p-dn®p hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-I-bmWv:
""hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw k¬°¿Ω-a-\p-jvTn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-hsc

NphsS kcn-Øp-Iƒ {]h-ln-°p∂ Bcm-a-ßƒ°v Ah¿ Ah-
Im-in-I-fm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂ ip`-hm¿Ø [cn-∏n-°p-I''(2:26). Cu
ssZh-hm-Iy-Øn¬ kXy-hn-izm-ksØ Xmgv`m-KØv Bdp-I-sfm-
gp-Ip∂ tXmt∏m-Sp-]-an-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. tXm´-Øn\v Bdp-I-tfm-
sS∂t]mep≈ Hcp _‘w aXhnizm-k-Øn\v k¬°¿Ω-ßfp-
am-bn-´p-s≠∂ XØz-c-l-ky-sØ-bmWv ChnsS kqNn-∏n-®n-cn-
°p-∂-Xv. Pe-tk-N-\-an-√m-Xn-cn-°p∂]£w tXm´-Ønse hr£-
e-Xm-Zn-Iƒ hmSn £oWn®p t]mIp∂t]mse-Xs∂ k¬°¿Ω-
ßfpw kXvtkh-\-ßfpw IqSm-Xp≈ aX-hn-izmkw \n¿÷o-h-
am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Cßs\, I¿Ω-iq-\y-amb aX-hn-izkw
{]tbm-P-\-c-ln-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-t]m-se, kZzn-izmk t{]cn-X-a-
√mØ I¿Ω-ßƒ tIhew A`n-\-b-hp-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.
bYm¿∞-Øn¬ CkvemanIkz¿§w sFlnIPohn-X-Ønse
kXy-hn-izm-k-Øn-s‚bpw k¬°¿Ω-Øn-s‚bpw {]Xn-Om-b-bm-
Ip-∂p. AXp ]pdsa\n∂p a\p-jy\p {]m]y-ambn hcp-∂-X√;
Ahs‚ D≈n¬\n∂pXs∂ cq]-s∏´p hcp∂ H∂-s{X. Hmtcm-
cp- Ø \pw e`n- ° p∂ kz¿§w Ahs‚ kXy- h n- i zm- k hpw
k¬°¿Ω-ßfpwsIm≠p cq]-h¬Ir-X-am-Ip-∂-Xpw, AXnse
B\-µm-\p-`qXn Ah\v Cu temIØph®pXs∂ A\p-`-h-s∏´p
XpS-ßp-∂-Xp-am-bn-cn-°pw. Aßs\ kXy-hn-izm-k-am-Ip∂ Bcm-
ahpw k¬°¿Ω-ß-fm-Ip∂ kcn¬{]hm-l-ßfpw Ah\v ]tcm-
£-amb cq]-Øn¬ ChnsSØs∂ A\p-`-h-tKm-N-c-am-bn-Øo-cp-
∂p. F∂m¬, ]mc- { XnIPohn- X - Ø n- e m- I s´ Cu tXm∏pw
AXnse Bdp-Ifpw {]Xy£ cq]-Øn¬ tKmN-co-`-hn-°p-∂-Xm-
bn-cn°pw. ssZh-Øns‚ kØ-sbbpw Ahs‚ amlm-fly-ß-
sfbpw C—mZn I¿Ør-Xz-ß-sfbpw Ipdn-®p≈ ]c-am¿∞hpw
]cn-ip-≤hpw ]cn-]q¿Æ-hp-amb hnizmkw at\m-l-chpw Xp„n-
{]-Zhpw ê-Zm-b-I-hp-amb tXm∏m-sW-∂pw, k¬°¿Ω-ßƒ
B kz¿§o-bm-cm-a-Ønse Bdp-I-fm-sW-∂p-at{X {]kvXpX

ssZh hmIy-ßƒ a\-n-em-°n-Ø-cp-∂-Xv. Cu hnj-bsØ
hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ as‰m-cn-SØp C{]-Imcw {]kvXm-hn-°p∂p:
" A[n-IX - tbm \yq\-Xtbm _m[n-°m-ØXpw Du\tam If-¶tam

]‰m-ØXpw s]mfntbm Ifntbm A√m-Ø-Xp-amb ]cn-]q¿Æ
hnizm-k-am-Ip∂ kZz-N-\w, apcSp `qan-bn¬ Dd-®n-cn-°p-∂Xpw
imJ-Iƒ hy∑m¿t§ hym]n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xpw A^-eXzw _m[n-
°msX k¿∆-Øp-°-fnepw êw \evIp-∂-Xp-amb ip`-hr-£-
tØmSp kZr-i-am-Ip-∂p''(14:25,26). ChnsS ssZhw kZzn-izm-k-
hN\sØ \nXy-^-e-Zm-b-I-amb ip`-hr-£-tØmSv D]-an®p
sIm≠p AXn\p aq∂p e£-W-ßƒ \n¿t±-in-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.
(1) hnizmkhN-\-Øns‚ XØz-am-Ip∂ apcSp a\pjylrZ-b-am-
Ip∂ `qan-bn¬ Dd-®n-cn-°-Ww. as‰mcp {]Im-c-Øn¬ hnizm-k-
[¿Ω-Øns‚ XØz-sØbpw ]c-am¿∞-X-sbbpw a\p-jys‚
{]Ir-Xnbpw Ahs‚ A¥x-I-c-Whpw \n-tµlw t_m[n-t°-
≠-Xm-Wv. (2) AXns‚ imJ-Iƒ BIm-i-Øn¬ hym]n-®n-cn-
t°-≠-Xp-am-Wv. AXm-b-Xv, B hnizmk kwln-X-bpsS ]c-
am¿∞-Xsb bp‡n-\ym-b-ßƒ km£o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw Znhy-amb
{]IrXn\nb-aß - ƒ A\p-Iq-en-°p-Ibpw thWw. hmN-Im-¥t- cW
]d-bp-∂-Xm-bm¬, AXns‚ ]c-am¿∞sØ ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn\v
{]Ir-Xn-bn¬\n∂p A\p-am-\n-°m-hp∂ sXfn-hp-Iƒ Jfi-\m-
Xo-Xa- m-bn-cn-°p-amdv A{Xbpw D]-cn-bm-bn-cn-t°-≠X
- m-Wv. (3) AXv
Bkzm-Zy-ß-fmb k¬^-e-ßƒ Ime-t`-Z-at\y \evIn-s°m-≠n-
cn-t°-≠-Xp-am-Wv. AXm-b-Xv, B hnizm-km-\p-jvTm\w aqew
AXns‚ kzm[o\i‡nbpw A\p-{Klêhpw F°m-eØpw
A\p-`-h-tKm-N-c-am-tI-≠Xpw B hc-{]-km-Z-ßƒ Hcp ¢n]vX
Ime-tØmfw shfn-s∏-´-Xn\ptijw Ah-km-\n®pt]mIm-Xn-cn-
t°-≠Xpw Bh-iy-am-Wv. ho≠pw hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p:
""anYym-h-N-\w, `qan-bpsS D]-cn-X-e-Øn¬\n∂p ]ngp-sX-Sp-

°-s∏-´Xpw (A-Xm-bXv a\p-jys‚ {]Ir-Xnbpw A¥x-I-c-Whpw
\ncm-I-cn-°p-∂-Xpw) Hcp {]Im-c-Ønepw ASn-bp-d-∏n-√m-ØXpw
(A-Xm-b-Xv, {]IrXn \nb-a-ßfpw bp‡n \ymb-ßfpw A\p-Iq-
en-°mØ anYym-I-Y-sb-t∏m-ep-≈-Xpw) Bb Zp¿hr-£-tØmSp
kZr-i-am-Ip-∂p.(14:27)
hnip≤Jp¿-B≥, hnizm-k-h-N-\-ßsf AYhm [¿Ω-h-N-
\-ßsf amX-fw, ap¥n-cß XpS-ßnb kzmZn-jvT-ß-fmb ê-
ßƒ Imbv°p∂ Xcp-e-Xm-Zn-I-tfmSp kmZr-iy-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠v
sFlnI Pohn-X-Ønse Bflo-bm-\p-`-h-ßƒ ]c-tem-I-Øn¬
{]kvXpX ê-h¿§-ß-fpsS cq]-Øn¬ {]Xy-£o-`-hn-°p-∂-Xm-
sW∂p DZvt_m-[n-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂ {]ImcwXs∂ Ahn-izm-k-am-
Ip∂ Zp„hr£sØ "kJv J qw' F∂ t]cn¬ hyh- l -
cn®psIm≠v AXns‚ Xn‡-^-esØ hy‡-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-I-
bm-Wv. B ]hn{X{KŸw ]d-bp-∂Xp ImWpI:
""kz¿§-Ønse Bcm-a-ßtfm AtXm "kJvJqw' hr£tam

DØ-aa- m-bXv? \n›-ba
- mbpw \mw AXns\ Zp„∑m¿°v Hcp ]oU-
bm-°n-bn-cn-°p∂p; AXv \c-I-Øns‚ apc-Sn¬\n∂p Xg®p hcp-
∂-Xm-Ip-∂p. (A-Xm-bXv, \c-I-Øns‚ apc-Sm-Ip∂ Alw-`m-h-
Øn¬\n∂p Infn®p hcp- ∂ - X m- W - X v ) ; AXns‚ Imbv I ƒ
ibvØzm-∑m-cpsS Xe-Iƒ t]msebmIp-∂p''(37:63-˛66). "ibvØzv'
F∂ hm°n¬\n∂p- ¤ - h n® ibv Ø zm≥ F∂ ]Z- Ø ns‚
A¿∞w "\mi-a-S-bp-∂-h≥' F∂m-Wv. ChnsS Cu ]Z- { ]-
tbmKwsIm≠v hnh-£nXam-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂Xv {]kvXpX hr£-
Øns‚ êw `pPn-°pI F∂Xv \mi-tl-Xp-I-am-sW-∂-s{X.
ho≠pw hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-I-bmWv:
\n›-ba - m-bpw, "kJvJqw' hr£-sa-∂m¬ t_m[-]q¿∆w ]m]-

I-c-amb PohnXw \bn®pt]m∂ \c-Im-h-Im-in-I-fpsS t`mP-\-
am-Ip∂p; AXv Dcp-Inb sNºpt]mse-bp-≈Xpw Im®-sh≈w
Xnf-°p-∂Xp t]mse Ah-cpsS DZ-c-ß-fn¬ InS∂p ]X®p
sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv. \c-I-∏m-]nsb kwt_m-[\ sNbvXv
{]kvXpX ssZh-h-N\w XpS-cp∂p: ""Cu hr£-^-esØ Bkz-
Zn-°pI! \o A¥-p-≈-h\pw am\-ap-≈-h-\p-at√m! (44:44,47,50)
Cu HSp-hn-esØ hmIyw t{Im[-kq-N-I-am-Ip-∂p. \c-Im-h-Im-in-
bm-bn-Øo-cp∂ B ]m]n Alw-`mhw Im´m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw Xs‚
A¥pw am\y-Xbpw hnNm-cn®v kXy-Øns‚ t\¿°v sshapJyw
{]Z¿in-∏n-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂psh-¶n¬, Ah\v Cu
Xn‡-êw A\p-`-hn-t°-≠-Xnt\m I„w kln-t°-≠-Xnt\m
CS-h-cp-am-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂mWv {]kvXpX hmIyw a\-n-em-°n-
Ø-cp-∂-Xv. "kJvJpw' F∂ hm°v "kp-Jv' F∂pw "Aw' F∂pw
c≠p ]Zmw-i-ßƒ tN¿∂p-≠m-b-Xm-sW∂ kqN\ IqSn Cu
HSp-hn-esØ hmIy-Øn-eS- ß - n-bn-´p-≠.v BZyw-ia
- mb "kp-Jv' F∂-
Xns‚ A¿∞w \o Bkz-Zn-°pI F∂m-Wv. at‰ Awi-amb
"Aw' F∂Xv (C-∂° A≥X¬-A-ko-
kp¬I-cow) F∂ hmIy-Ønse BZym-£-chpw A¥ym-£-chpw
tN¿∂p≈ Npcp-s°-gp-Øm-Ip∂p "k-Jv-Jqw' F∂-Xn¬ -"km¬'
F∂ A£cw {]tbm-Km-[n-Iy-Øm¬ "kmAv' F∂mbn amdn-
t∏m-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.
Npcp-°-Øn¬, Cu temI-Øn¬ {]Z¿in-°-s∏-Sp∂ hnizm-
k-h-N-\-ßsf kz¿§ob hr£-ß-tfm-sS-∂-t]mse Cu temI-
Ønse Ahn-izm-k-h-N-\sØ \c-I-Ønse kJvJqw hr£-
tØmSpw D]-an®p sIm≠v kz¿§o-bhpw \mc-Io-b-hp-amb Pohn-
X-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\hpw Bcw-`hpw Cu temI-Øn¬ Xs∂-
bm-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂-Xm-sW∂p ssZhw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-Ø-∂n-cn-°p-
∂p. \c-IsØ ]cm-a¿in®p hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xn-ß-
s\-bmWv: ""\cIw ssZh-t{Im-

[-Øn¬\n∂p-¤-hn-°p∂ A·n-bm-Ip-∂p. AXv ]m]wsIm≠p
IØn-bm-fp∂p; AXns‚ \mf-ßƒ BZy-ambn lrZ-b-ß-fnt∑¬
hym]n-°p-∂p'' (104:7,8). Cu hnip≤hN\w kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv,
\c-Im-·n-bpsS apcSv lrZ-b-ßsf Zfin-∏n-°p∂ ZpxJhpw
B[nbpw t¢ihpw BIp-∂p-sh-∂m-Wv. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬,
Bflob ]oU-I-sf√mw BZy-ambn lrZ-b-sØ-bmWv ]nSn-Iq-Sp-
I. A\-¥c - w, AXv ico-camk-Iew hym]n-°p-am-dm-Ip-∂p. ho≠pw
\c-Im-·n-sb-°p-dn®p hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ as‰m-cn-SØp ]d-bp-I-
bmWv: ""\c-Im·n Pzen®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-
∂-Xn-\p≈ hndIv c≠pXcw hkvXp-°-fm-Ip-∂p. H∂v, km£m¬
Bcm-[\m]m{X-amb ssZhsØ hn´v kr„hkvXp-°sf hW-
ßp-∂-h-tcm, XßsfØs∂ Bcm-[n®psIm≈p-∂-Xn\v A\p-
aXn \evIn-b-htcm Bb a\p-jy¿''(2:25). CØ-c-°msc Ipdn®p
Jp¿-B≥ as‰m-cn-SØv C{]-Imcw ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p.
" \nßfpw kr„n-I-
fm-bn-cnt° ssZhXzw hmZn-®-hcpw \c-I-Øn¬ X≈-s∏-Sp-∂-h-
cm-Ip-∂p(21:99). \c-I-Ønse hnd-Im-bn-cn-°p∂ c≠m-asØ
hkvXp hn{K-l-ß-f-t{X. C‘-\-am-bn-cn-°p∂ Cu hkvXp-°-fn-
√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ \c-I-hpap-≠m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n-s√∂p Xm¬]-
cyw. kz¿§hpw \c-Ihpw Cu PU-tem-I-sØ-t∏mse `qXm-fl-I-
a-s√∂pw Ah c≠n-s‚bpw D¤hw B≤ym-flnI Imcy-ß-
fn¬\n∂m-sW-∂p-as{X hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-sX∂p
{]kvXpX hmIy-ßƒsIm≠p kv]„am-Ip-∂p-≠v. kz¿§o-bm-\p-
{K-l-ßfpw \mc-Iob ]oU-\-ßfpw ]c-tem-IØv PVo-`-hn-°p-
∂-Xm-bn-cn-°p-sa-¶nepw Ah Cu PU-tem-I-Øn¬ \n∂p-≈-h-
bm-bn-cn-°p-I-bn-√.
C\n \ap°v {]Ir-Xh- n-jb- Ø
- n-te°pXs∂ Xncn-bmw. ssZh-
Øn¬ ]cn-]q¿Æ-amb BssflIyw {]m]n-°p-∂-Xn\v hnip≤
Jp¿-B≥ \n¿t±-in-®n-cn-°p∂ am¿§w, "Ckvemw' F∂ ]Zw
kqNn- ∏ n- ° p∂ Xc- Ø n- e p≈ ]cn- ] q¿Æm- \ p- k - c - W hpw
"^mØnlm' {]m¿∞-\-bp-am-Wv. AXm-b-Xv, PohnX k¿∆hpw
ssZh-am¿§-Øn¬ ka¿∏n®psIm≠v XnI®pw ssZth„Øn\v

IogvhW-ßp-Ibpw Jp¿-B-\nse {]Y-am-≤ym-b-amb ^mØnlm
F∂ {]m¿∞\ \nc-¥cw sNbvXpsIm≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-
I. A\yq-\-amb Cu A\p-k-c-Whpw ^mØnlm {]m¿∞-\-bp-
amWv Ckvemw [¿Ω-Øns‚ ImX¬. ssZh-Øn¬ FØn-t®-cp-
∂-Xn\pw km£m¬ tam£w {]m]n-°p-∂X - n-\p-ap≈ AXyp¬°r-
„-amb am¿§-an-Xm-Wv. CXp-X-s∂-bmWv B≤ym-fln-I-amb ]c-
tam-∂X ÿm\hpw ssZssh-Iyhpw km[n-°p-∂-Xn\v {]IrXn
\n¿±n-„-amb GI-am¿§-hpw. X≥aqew "Ckvemw' i–w kqNn-
∏n-°p∂ A·n-ab - a
- mb Bflobam¿§-Øn¬ ]q¿Æ-ambpw {]th-
in-°p-Ibpw ^mØnlm {]m¿∞\ \nc-¥cw A\p-jvTn-°p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂-h-cmWv Ckvemans\ km£m¬°-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cß-s\,
Ckvemw F∂m¬ hnj-bm-k-‡n-tbmSpIqSnb Xmgv∂ Pohn-
XsØ Zln-∏n®p If-bp-Ibpw k¶ev]-am-{X-ß-fmb Ir{Xn-a-ssZ-
h-ß-sf-sb√mw `kvao-I-cn®p \ΩpsS Poh\pw kºØpw A`n-
am-\-hp-sa√mw _en-b¿∏n-°p-am-dm-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hc-·n-bm-
sW∂p ]d-bmw. Cu Bflob \n¿Q-c-Øn¬ Cdßn \hy-Po-
hn-Xa- m-Ip∂ Xo¿∞w \pI-cp-∂Xpaqew \ΩpsS Bflobßfmb
kIe i‡n-Ifpw Nß-e-bnse IÆn-Iƒ IWs° ssZh-hp-
ambn _‘n-°-s∏-Sp-am-dm-Ip-∂p. an∂¬]nW-dn\p Xpey-amb
Hc·n \ΩpsS A¥¿`m-KØp\n∂p ]pd-s∏-Sp-Ibpw as‰mcp
A·n apI-fn¬\n∂p Cdßn hcp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Cu c≠p
Pzme-If - p-sSbpw ktΩ-f\ - Ø
- m¬ \ΩpsS hnj-tb-—I - fpw ssZth-
X-ch
- k - vXp-°f - n-ep≈ kvt\l-hp-sa√mw `kvao-`h - n-°p-am-dm-Ip-∂p.
-AtXmsS \ΩpsS AXp-h-sc-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ PohnX k{º-Zm-b-
Øn\p arXyp kw`-hn-°p-∂p. Cusbm-c-h-ÿ-bmWv hnip≤Jp¿-
B≥ "Ckv e mw' F∂ ]ZwsIm≠v hnh- £ n- X am°p- ∂ - X v .
"Ckvemw' F∂ ]cn-]q¿Æ-amb IogvhW°w apJm-¥cw \ΩpsS
hnj-tb-—-Iƒ°v Hcp acWw D≠m-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw A\-¥cw
{]m¿∞\ aptJ\ \ap°v Hcp ]pXnb Poh≥ e`n-°p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p. Cu ]p\¿÷o-h\ L´-Øn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ t_m[-
\hpw shfn-]mSpw D≠m-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-h-iy-am-Wv. Cu Ahÿ
{]m]n-°p-∂-Xn-\mWv ssZh-Z¿i-\-sa∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Cu Ah-
ÿ-bnseØp∂ `‡≥ ssZh-Øns‚ Xncp-apJw ImWp-am-dm-
Ip- ∂ p. as‰mcp {]Im- c - Ø n¬, Xs‚ kz¥w IÆp- s Im≠v

ssZhsØ ImWp∂ {]Im-c-Øn-ep≈ ZrV-X-c-amb _‘w
Abmƒ°v ssZh-tØm-Sp-≠m-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. At∏mƒ Abmƒ°v
ssZhn-I-amb Hcp i‡n kn≤n-°p-Ibpw Abm-fpsS F√m C{µn-
b-ßfpw B`y-¥c i‡n-Ifpw kptim--`-\-ß-fmbn `hn-°p-Ibpw
sNøp- ∂ p. \n¿Ω- e hpw ]mh- \ p- a mb Pohn- X - Ø ns‚ Hcp
BI¿jWw Du¿÷-kz-e-ambn Abm-fn¬ {]h¿Øn®p XpS-
ßp-∂p. Cu Ah-ÿb - n¬ ssZhw, Xo{h-`‡
- \
- mb B a\p-jy≥
t\m°p∂ IÆpw kwkm-cn-°p∂ \mhpw tIƒ°p∂ sNhnbpw
{]h¿Øn-°p∂ ssIbpw \S-°p∂ Imepw Bbn-Øo-cp-∂p. Cu
Ah-ÿsb kqNn-∏n®p hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p:
""Ah-cpsS ssII-fpsStaep≈ At±-l-Øns‚
(Xn-cp-\-_n-bp-sS) ssI ssZh-Øns‚ Xncp-I-c-am-Ip-∂p(48:11).
ho≠pw ]dbp-I-bmWv:
""\o Fs¥m∂v Fdnt™m AXp \ob-√, ssZh-at{X Fdn-bp-I-
bp-≠m-b-Xv' (8:18).
Npcp-°-Øn¬, Cu L´-Øn¬ `‡≥ ]q¿Æ \ne-bn¬
ssZsshIyw {]m]n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. ssZh-Øns‚ Aò„w
Abm-fpsS Bflm-hns\ `cn-°p-Ibpw C—-Isf kzm[o-\n-°p-
Ibpw sNøp-am-dm-Ip-∂p. aptº Zp¿_-e-ß-fm-bn-cp∂ [m¿ΩnI
i‡n-Iƒ Cu Ah-ÿ-bn¬ Dd-t∏-dnb ]md-Iƒ IWs° kpZr-
Vhpw kpÿn-c-hp-ambnØocp-∂p. Cu ]cn-h¿Ø-\-tØmSpIqSn
_p≤nbpw \n¿≤m-cWi‡nbpw Xo£vW-X-c-ambn `hn-°p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p. Cß-s\-bp≈ Hcp kwkvIr-Xm-hÿ - s
- b-bm-Wv
"ssZhw Ahsc ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns\s°m≠v
klm-bn-®p' F∂ ssZh-h-N\w kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Cu Ahÿ
{]m]n-°p-tºmƒ `‡\v ssZh-am¿§-Øn¬ Bfl-]-cn-XymKw
sNøp-hm\pw Ahs‚ Xncp-hp-≈-Øn-\mbvs°m≠v F¥pXs∂
t¢i-ßfpw A]-am-\ß - fpw kln-°p-hm\pw Ffp-∏a - mbn tXm∂p-
am-dp≈ Xc-Øn¬ Abm-fpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬ ssZhm-\p-cmKw Ae-
b-Sn®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Abmƒ kzbw BIr-jvS-\mbn
ssZh-k-hn-[-Øn-te°v ]m™-Sp-°p-∂p-sh-¶n-epw, Xs∂ C{]-
Imcw BI¿jn®p sIm≠pt]mIp-∂Xv Bsc-∂-dn-bp-∂n-√. AZr-

iy-amb Hcp Icw Abmsf Zp¿L-Sm-h-ÿ-I-fn-se√mw klm-
bn®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂p. ssZth„w \nh¿Øn-°p-I-sb-∂Xv
Abm- f p- s S Pohn- X m- Z ¿i- a m- b n- Ø o- c p- ∂ p. Cu L´- Ø n¬
Abmƒ°v ssZhw F{Xbpw kao-]-ÿ-ambn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p.
CXv hnj-b-I-ambn `‡-h-’-e-\mb ssZhw Cßs\ ]d-bp∂p:
""\mw Ahs‚ Poh-\m-Un-tb-°m-
ƒ A[nIw Ah-t\mSp ASpØp \nev°p-∂p''(50:17). Cu L´-
Øn¬, D¬°r-„-]Zw {]m]n-°p∂ `‡s‚ Xmgv∂ euInI
_‘- ß - s f√mw hr£- Ø n- t ∑¬ \n∂v ]gpØv Xmt\
DXn¿∂pt]mIp∂ ê-ßƒ IWs° th¿s∏´pt]mIp-∂-Xm-
Wv. Abmƒ°v ssZh-tØmSv F{Xbpw AKm-[a - mb _‘w D≠m-
bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw Abmƒ krjvSn-I-fn¬\n∂p AI∂p t]mhp-
Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ kw`m-jW kwt_m-[-\m-Zn-I-
fm¬ Abmƒ A\p-Kr-lo-X-\mbn `hn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Cu
D¬°r„ ]Z-{]m-]vXn-°p≈ Ihm-S-ßƒ ]q¿∆-Im-e-sØ-∂-
t]mse Ct∏mgpw Xpd∂p InS-°p-∂p. Imcp-Wy-hm-\mb ssZhw,
Xs∂ a\x-]q¿∆w At\z-jn-°p-∂-h¿°v Cu A\p-{Klw ]q¿∆-
Im-eØp \evIn-bn-cp∂ {]Imcw Ct∏mgpw {]Zm\w sNøp-∂p.
F∂m¬, Cu am¿§w hmbv sIm≠p≈ hy¿∞ hN-\-ß-fm¬
{]m]n-°m-\m-hp-∂-X√; s]mß®wsImt≠m an∞ymkwhmZw
sImt≠m Cu hmXn¬ Xpd∂p In´p-∂-Xp-a-√. AXns\ {]m]n-
°phm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂h - ¿ Akw-Jy-am-sW-¶nepw Imcyw km[n-
°p-∂h- ¿ Xp—-as - {X. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬, Cu ÿm\w \n¿hym-
P-amb {i≤bpw bYm¿∞-amb ]cn-{i-ahpw Bflm¿∞-amb
XymKhpw aqe-a-√msX e`y-am-Ip-∂-X-√. F{XXs∂ hmKvhybw
sNbvXmepw AXv Cu am¿§-Øn¬ {]tbm-P\cln-X-am-Ip-∂p.
GsXmcp A·nsb `b∂v euIn-I-∑m¿ HmSn-t∏m-Ip-∂pthm B
A·n-bn¬ Bflm¿∞-X-tbm-Spw, AN-©-e-X-tbmSpw Imep-
sh®p \S-t°-≠Xv Cu am¿§w {]m]n-°p-∂-Xn\v AXy-¥m-t]-
£n-X-am-Wv. bYm¿∞-amb ]cn-{iaw IqSmsXbp≈ shdpw hmbv
hm°p-Iƒ hy¿∞-a-s{X. ssZhw hnip≤Jp¿-B-\n¬ ]d-bp-I-
bmWv:
""Fs∂ kw_-‘n®v Fs‚ Zmk∑m¿ \nt∂mSv tNmZn-°p-

∂-Xm-bm¬, \n›-b-ambpw Rm≥ hfsc ASp-Øp-≈-h-\m-sW∂v
Ah- t cmSv ]d- b pI; {]m¿∞n- ° p- ∂ - h s‚ {]m¿∞\ Rm≥
tIƒ°p-∂p. X≥\n-anØw Ah¿ hnP-bn-°p-∂X - n-\m-bn´v {]m¿∞-
\-Iƒ hgn-bmbn Fs‚ kmao-]yhpw kmbq-Pyhpw tXSp-Ibpw
F∂n¬ Bflm¿∞-ambn hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp sIm≈-
s´''(2:186).
ac-Wm-\-¥c PohnXw
acW tijw a\p-jys‚ Ah-ÿ-sb-¥m-bn-cn°pw F∂-
XmWv c≠m-asØ {]iv\w. F∂m¬, ac-Wm-\-¥-c-ÿnXn
tIhew \hy-amb Hc-hÿ - b
- √; AXp bYm¿∞-Øn¬ sFlnI
Pohn-X-Ønse \ΩpsS Bflob ÿnXn-bpsS kw]q¿Æhpw
kwkv^p-S-hp-amb {]Xn-^-e-\-am-Ip-∂p. Cl-Øn¬ a\p-jys‚
aX-hn-izm-k-ß-fp-sSbpw I¿Ω-ß-fp-sSbpw ip`m-ip-`ÿn-Xn-Iƒ
Ah-\n¬ tKm]y-am-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw Ah-bpsS KpW-I-ctam tZmj-
I-ctam Bb kzm[o-\-êw Ah-\n¬ \nKq-V-ambn {]h¿Øn-
°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ]c-tem-I-Øm-Is´ Ah-sb√mw {]Xy£
tKmN-ca - m-bn-cn-°p-∂X - m-Wv. CXn-te°v kz]v\m-hÿ
- b - n¬ \ap°v
ZrjvSm¥w ImWmw. a\p-jys‚ tZl-°q-dp-I-fn¬ GsXm∂p
aq¿—n-°p-∂pthm AXn-\-\p-k-cn-®p≈ imco-cnIÿnXn Ah\v
kz]v\-Øn¬ shfn-s∏-Sm-dp-≠v. ITn-\-amb ]\n _m[n-°m≥
t]mIp-tºmƒ A·ntbm A·n-Pzm-etbm Zriy-am-Imw. I^-Pz-
ctam Pe-tZm-jtam D≠m-Ip-tºmƒ X∂-Øm≥ sh≈-Øn-e-I-
s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Npcp-°-Øn¬, GXpXcw
tcmK-Øn-\p≈ am‰w tZl-{]-Ir-Xn-bn¬ D≠m-bn-h-cp-∂pthm
AXn-∂\ -- p-kc
- n® ÿnXn D]-am-cq-t]W kz]v\Ø- n¬ ImWpamdm-
Ip-∂p. C{]-Imcw B`y-¥c ÿnXnsb {]Xy-£Ø - n¬ ImWn®p
Xcp∂ Cu kz]v\m-h-ÿ-sb-°p-dn®p Nn¥n-°p-∂-Xm-bm¬,
GXm≠v CtX-X-c-Øn-ep≈ Ah-ÿ-bmWv ]mc-{XnI Pohn-X-
Øn¬ shfn-s∏-SpI F∂p a\-n-em-°p-hm≥ {]bm-k-an-√.

kz]v\w \Ωn¬ {]tXyI Xc-Øn-ep≈ Hcp am‰w hcp-Øn-
Øo¿ØpsIm≠v B¥-co-I-amb Bfl-ÿn-Xn-Isf PV-cq-]-
Øn¬ ImWn®p Xcp-∂p. A{]-Imcw sFlnI Pohn-X-Ønse
\ΩpsS Bflo-bm-hÿ ]c-tem-IØv {]Xy£ tKmN-c-am-bn-cn-
°p-∂-Xm-Wv. AXm-b-Xv, \ΩpsS I¿Ω-ßfpw I¿Ω-^-e-ßfpw
AhnsS kmImcw {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. Cß-s\, Cu
temIØv ]tcm-£-ambn ÿnXn sNbvXn-cp∂ \ΩpsS Bflob
kºm-Zy-ß-sf√mw adp temIØv \ap°v {]Xy£ kn≤-am-bn-cn-
°p-∂-Xm-Wv. kz]v\-Øn¬ Zriy-am-Ip∂ hnhn[ Xc-Øn-ep≈
ImgvN-Iƒ tIhew `mh\m cq]-ß-fm-bn-´-√, km£m¬ hkvXp-
X-I-fm-bn´pXs∂ B¿°pw t_m[-s∏-Sp-∂p-h-t√m. AtX-{]-Im-
cw, ]c- t em- I - Ø n¬ BflobImcy- ß - s f√mw cq]- [ m- c Ww
\nanØw {]Xy-£hpw A\p-`-h-tKm-N-c-hp-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xm-Wv.
F∂√ Bflo-b-`m-h-ßfpsS kmIm-c-amb Cu Bhn-jvI-cWw
aptJ\ k¿∆-i-‡-\mb ssZhw Xs‚ i‡n-am-lmflyw \qX\
cq]-Øn¬ {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-am-dm-°p-∂p. CXn\p D]-am-tem-I-sa-∂-
√, ssZh-Øns‚ A]m-c-i-‡n-bn¬\n∂p≈ \qX-\-amb Hcp
kr„n {]]©w F∂p ]d-bp-∂-XmWv bYm¿∞hpw hmkvX-h-
hp-am-bn-cn-°p-I.
]c-tem-IsØ Cu A\p-`-h-ß-sf-°p-dn®p hnip≤Jp¿-B≥
]d-bp∂p: ""k®-cn-X-cmb
`‡-P-\-Øn\pth≠n tKm]y-am-bn-sh-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂ A\p-{K-
l-ßƒ Fs¥m-s°-bm-sW∂p Hcm-flmhpw Adn-bp-∂n-√' (32:18).
Cu ssZh-hmIyw a\-n-em-°n-Ø-cp-∂-Xv, `‡ P\-Øn\p ]c-
tem-IØv e`y-am-Ip∂ Znhym-\p-{K-l-ßƒ B¿°pw ]cn-Nn-X-a-
√m-ØXpw cl-ky-am-°n-sh-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂Xpw Aßs\ Cu
temIsØ ùXnIhn`-h-ß-tfmSp Xpey-X-bn-√m-Ø-Xp-am-bn-cn-°p-
sa-∂m-Ip-∂p. F∂m¬, Cu temIsØ A\p-{K-l-Ic-ß-fmb
t`mKy-hk - vXp-°f
- m-Is
- ´, \Ωƒ°v A⁄m-\-ßf - √
- t- √m. amXfw,
ap¥n-cn-ß, £ocw apX-emb ùXnI hn`-h-ßƒ \mw ]e-t∏mgpw
A\p-`-hn-®n-´p-≈-h-bp-am-Wv. AXn-\m¬, Ah tKm]y-am-bn-sh-°-
s∏-ń-cn-°p∂ kz¿§o-bm-\p-{K-l-ß-fn¬ Dƒs∏-Sm-hp-∂-X-s√-∂Xv
\n›-bw. Ahbv°v kz¿§ob hn`-h-ß-tfmSv \ma-t[-b-ß-fn-e-

√msX as‰mcp kmZr-iy-hp-an-√. X∑q-ew, kz¿§w ùXn-Im-\p-{K-
l-ß-fpsS kt¶-X-am-sW∂p a\-n-em-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-h-cmcpw
hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ teihpw {Kln-®n-s√∂p thWw ]d-bm≥.
taep-≤-cn® Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-Øns‚ hymJym-\-ambn \ΩpsS
\_n-\m-b-I¿ lZvdØv apl-ΩZv apkvX-^m(-k) Xncp-ta\n
AcpƒsNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv, kz¿§hpw AXnse A\p-{K-l-ßfpw
Hcp IÆpw ImWp-Itbm Hcp ImXpw tIƒ°p-Itbm Hcp lrZ-
bhpw {Kln-°p-Itbm sNbvXn-ń-√m-Øh - b
- m-sW-∂m-Ip-∂p. ùXn-
Im-\p-{K-l-ß-fm-Is´ ZrjvSn°v tKmN-c-am-hp-Ibpw I¿tÆ-{µn-b-
Øn\v hnj-bo-`-hn-°p-Ibpw lrZ-tb-{µn-b-Øn\v cq]-s∏-Sp-Ibpw
sNøp-∂-h-bmWp Xm\pw. k¿∆-⁄-\mb ssZhhpw Ahs‚
Xncp-Zq-X\pw kz¿§-Ønse hn`-hß- ƒ C{µn-bm-Xo-Xß - f - m-sW∂p
kv]jvSa - mbpw ]d-™n-cnt° ]ip-°s - ftbm Fcp-aI- s- ftbm Id-
s∂-SpØp D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xmb ]bv kz¿§-Øn¬ \Zn-I-fmbn
Hgp-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂p hniz-kn-°p∂ ]£w \mw hnip≤
Jp¿-B-\n¬ \n∂p AI∂p t]mhp-I-tb-bp-≈q. kz¿§-Ønse
B A\p-{K-l-ßƒ ùXnIhn`-h-ß-tfmSp IqSn-b-h-bm-bn-cn-°p-
sa-¶n¬ AhnsS FÆ-a‰ Id-hp-ar-K-ßfpw hr£-ß-fnt∑¬
AkwJyw a[p tImi-ßfpw D≠m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw ssZhIn-¶-
c∑m-cmb \nc-h[n ae-°p-Iƒ ]mepw tX\pw tiJ-cn®p \Zo-\-
Z-ß-fn¬ Hgn-°p∂ tPmen-bn¬ G¿s∏-ń-cn-°p-sa∂pw hniz-kn-
t°≠nhcpw. kz¿§ob hn`-h-ßƒ Cu temI-Øn\p ]cn-Nn-X-
ß-f-s√∂p {]kvXm-hn-°p∂ hN-\-ß-f-S-ßnb hnip≤Jp¿-
Bs‚ A≤ym- ] - \ - Ø n\p A\p- t bm- P y- a mtWm AØcw
hnizmkw! B A\p-{K--l-ßƒ Bflm-hns\ tim`-\-am-°p-Ibpw
ssZh-⁄m\w h¿≤n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Bfl-t`m-P-\-am-sW-
∂mWv Jp¿-B≥ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬, Cu kz¿§m-\p-{K-l-
ßƒ ùXnI hkvXp-°-fm-sW∂t]mse kmZr-iy-cq-]-Øn¬
Jp¿-B-\n¬ hnh-cn-°-s∏´p ImWm-sa-¶nepw IqsS-Øs∂ Ah-
bpsS D¤hw B≤ym-fln-I-X-bnepw [m¿Ωn-I-X-bnepw \n∂m-
sW∂pw {]kvXm-hn-°-s∏-ń-´p-ap-≠v.
kz¿§-Øn¬h®p \evI-s∏-Sp∂ A\p-{K-l-ßƒ A\p-`-hn-
°p-tºmƒ, Ah aptºbpw Xßƒ°v e`n®n´p≈-Xmbn `‡-

P\w ]d-bp-sa∂p Xmsg D≤-cn-°p∂ Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-Øn¬
{]kvXm-hn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬\n∂v Ah ùXnI hn`-h-ß-fm-
sW∂v [cn-°m-hp-∂-X-√. AXn-{]-Im-c-am-Wv:
""\n¿hymPw hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw A\yq-\-ambn \∑ {]h¿Øn-

°p-Ibpw sNbvX-hsc Xmgv`mKw Bdp-I-sfm-gp-Ip∂ Bcm-a-
ßƒ°v Xßƒ Ah-Im-in-I-fm-bncn-°p-sa-∂p≈ ip`-hm¿Ø
[cn-∏n°pI; Ah-bn¬\n∂p≈ ê-ßƒ AhnsSh®p Ah¿°p
\evIs - ∏-Sp-sºm-sgm-s°, "Cu ê-ßƒ aptº Rßƒ°v \evI-
s∏-ń-´p-≈-h-bm-Wt√m' F∂p Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. (-F-
s¥-∂m¬, ap≥Po-hn-X-Øn¬ A\p-`-hn-®n-´p≈ ê-ß-tfm-Sp)
kmZr-iy-ap-≈Xv Ah¿°v \evIs - ∏-Sp-∂p''(2:26). `‡-P\w aptº
Cu temI-Øn¬ A\p--`hn-®n-´p-≈-Xmbn ChnsS ]d-b-s∏-ń-cn-
°p∂ ê-ßƒ ùXnIhn`-h-ß-fm-sW∂p hnNm-cn-°p-∂Xv
Xosc A_-≤hpw hmIym¿∞-Øn\v IS-I-hn-cp-≤-hp-am-Ip-∂p.
kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fmbn k¬°¿Ωw sNøp∂ `‡¿, [¿Ω-hn-
izm-k-am-Ip∂ tXmt∏mSpw k¬°¿Ω-ß-fm-Ip∂ Bdp-I-tfmSpw
IqSnb kz¿§w Xßƒ°mbn kz¥w ssII-fm¬ \n¿Ωn-°p-I-
bm-sW-∂m-Ip∂p {]kvXpX hmIyw a\-n-em-°n-Ø-cp-∂-Xv. B
]hn-{Xm-cm-a-Ønse ê-ßƒ Ah¿ Cu temI-Øp-h®v Bkz-
Zn-°p-∂p. AXnse ê-ßƒXs∂ Ah¿ ]c-te-I-Øp-h®pw
A\p-`-hn-°pw. F∂m¬, Ah F{Xbpw am[p-cy-ta-dnb {]Xy-
£-^-e-ß-fmbn cq]-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. Cß-s\, B ê-
ßƒ, sFlnI Pohn-X-Øn¬ Bflob\ne-bn¬ Bkz-Zn-°p-
∂XpsIm≠v, ]c-tem-IØph®v Ah¿°v Ahsb Xncn-®-dn-bm≥
km[n-°p-I-bpw, ap≥Pohn-X-Ønse B ê-ß-tfmSp kmZr-iy-
ap-≈-h-bmbn ImWp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Cu ê-ßƒ aptº Rßƒ°v
\evI-s∏-ń-´p-≈-h-bm-Wt√m F∂p Ah¿ ]d-bp-Ibpw sNøp-
∂-Xm-Wv. Cß-s\, Cu temIØph®p ssZhm-\p-cm-Khpw ssZh-
{]o-Xn-bp-am-Ip∂ Bfl-t`m-P\w Bkz-Zn-°p-∂-h¿°v ]c-tem-I-

Øn¬ AtX Blmcw {]Xy-£y-cq-]Ø - n¬ \evIs - ∏-Sp-sa-∂mWv
{]kvXpX ssZh-hmIyw hy‡-ambpw ]d™p Xcp-∂-Xv. Ah¿
C{]-Imcw ssZh-t{]-ahpw ssZh-{]-km-Zhpw A\p-`-hn-°p-Ibpw
AXns‚ cpNn Adn-bp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ ]c-tem-
IsØ kpJm-\p-`-hmh-k-c-Øn¬, Xßƒ°v sFlnI Pohn-X-
Ønse {]im-¥-amb GIm-¥-X-bnepw cm{Xn-bnse \ninXm-
‘-Im-cØ - nepw km£m¬ t{]a-e£ - y-amb ssZh-Øn-ep≈ A\p-
cmK ]mc-h-iy-tØmSpIqSnb [ym\-\n-jvT-bn¬ kn≤n® B\-
µm-\p-`q-Xnsb Ah¿ A\p-kva-cn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. Npcp-°n-∏-
d-bmw, {]kvXpX BbØv Cu temI-Ønse ùXn-Im-\p-{K-l-
ß-sf-tbm, A\p-t`mKy hn`-h-ß-sftbm Ipdn-®√ {]kvXm-hn-
°p-∂-Xv.
F∂m¬, ssZh-`-‡¿°v Cu temIØph®v Bflob \ne-
bn¬ kz¿§o-bm- \p-{K-lß - ƒ A\p-`h - s- ∏-ń-´p-s≠-¶n¬∏ns∂ B
A\p-{K-lß - ƒ ChnsS Bcpw ImWp-Itbm tIƒ°p-Itbm Bcp-
sSbpw lrZ-bØ - n¬ cq]-s∏-Sp-Itbm sNbvXn-ń-√m-Øh - b
- m-sW∂v
{]kvXm-hn-°s - ∏-ń-cn-°p-∂Xv icn-bm-Ip-∂s - X-ßs - \-sb∂pw, Cu
\nebv°v taep-≤-cn® c≠v Bb-Øp-Iƒ°v ]c-kv]cw A¿∞
sshcp≤yw kw`-hn-°p-∂n-t√-sb∂pw ChnsS kwibw P\n-
°m-hp-∂X - m-Wv. c≠m-asØ hmIy-Øn¬ ap≥Po-hn-XØ - n¬ \evI-
s∏-ń-´p≈ ê-ß-sf-°p-dn®v ]d-™-Xns‚ hnh£nXw euInI
hn`-h-ß-fm-sW∂v hcp-tºmƒ am{X-amWv ]c-kv]c sshcp≤yw
D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. F∂m¬, B ssZh-hmIyw hnh-£n-Xam°p-∂Xv
ùXn-Im-\p-{K-l-ß-sf-b-√, Bflo-bm-\p-{K-l-ß-sf-bm-Ip-∂p.
AXn-\m¬ ChnsS Hcp A¿∞ ssh]-co-Xy-hp-ap-≠m-Ip-∂n-√.
ssZh-⁄m-\n-bmb bYm¿∞ `‡\v Bflob \ne-bn¬ Cu
temIØp sh®v e`n-°p-∂-sXms° ]c-temI kw_-‘n-bmb
A\p-{Klw Xs∂-bm-Wv. B A\p-{K-l-Øns‚ amXrI Ah\v
]mc-{Xn-Im-k‡n h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v Cu temIØph®pXs∂
ap≥Iqń \evI-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Ip-∂p. ssZhm-\p-`q-Xn-bp-≠m-bn-´p≈
`‡≥ Cu temI-Øn¬ \n∂p-≈h - \
- √- . AXp-sIm-≠mWv temIw
Ahs\ ]I-°p-∂-Xv. Ah≥ kz¿§-Øn¬\n∂p-≈-h-\m-b-Xn-
\m¬ Ah\v kz¿§o-bm-\p-{K-l-ßƒ \evI-s∏-Sp-∂p. euIn-I-

\mb a\p-jy≥ sFln-I-amb A\p-{Kl km[-\-ßƒ kºm-Zn-
°p-∂Xpt]mse kz¿§o-b-\mb ssZh-`-‡≥ kz¿§o-bm-\p-{K-
l-ß-fm¬ kº-∂-\m-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. AXn-\m¬ kz¿§-Ønse
A\p-{Kl hkvXp-°ƒ IÆp-Iƒ°pw ImXp-Iƒ°pw lrZ-b-
ßƒ°pw AtKm-N-chpw A]-cn-Nn-X-hp-am-sW-∂Xv F{Xbpw ]c-
am¿∞-am-Ip-∂p. F∂m¬, GsXm-cp-hs‚ sFlnI Pohn-X-
Ønse A\m-fl-Xz-Øn\v arXyp kw`-hn-°p-∂pthm Ah\v ]c-
tem-IØv {]Xy£ kn≤-am-Ip∂ ]m\Iw Cl-Øn¬ Bflob
\ne-bn¬ IpSn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv. ]c-tem-IØph®v AXv
{]Xy£cq]- Ø n¬ \ev I - s ∏- S p∂ Ah- k - c - Ø n¬ Ah\v
sFlnI Pohn-X-Øn-ep-≠mb AXns‚ A\p-`-h-ckw kvarXn-
bn¬ hcp-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. CXv X\n°v ap≥Pohn-X-Øn¬ \evI-
s∏-ń-´p-≈X- m-Ip∂p F∂v At∏m-gmWv Ah≥ ]d-bp-I. F∂m¬,
Cu A\p-{Klw ùXn-I-amb IÆn\pw ImXn\pw a‰n-{µn-b-
ßƒ°pw AtKm-N-chpw A]-cn-Nn-X-hp-am-sW-∂p≈ t_m[w
Ah-\p-≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv. Ah≥ sFln-I-\-s√-¶nepw Cu
temIØpXs∂ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-h-\m-bXpsIm≠v AXv euIn-Im-
\p-{K-ß-fn¬\n∂p-≈-X-s√∂pw AØcw A\p-{Klw Cl-Øn¬
Xs‚ IÆp-sImt≠m ImXp-sImt≠m lrZ-bw-sImt≠m A\p-
`-hn-®-dn-™n-ń-√m-Ø-Xm-sW∂v km£yw hln-°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv.
F∂m¬, B A\p{Kl-Øns‚ amXrI Ah\v Cl-Øn¬ A\p-
`-h-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bXv Ahs‚ Bflob ]p\¿÷o-hn-X-L-´-Øn-
em-bn-cp-∂p. B Pohn-X-am-Is´ Cu temIsØ Xmgv∂ sI´p-
]m-Sp-I-fn¬ \ns∂√mw th¿s∏´v ]c-tem-I-hp-ambn Hcp ZrV-
_‘w Dd-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xmb H∂m-bn-cp-∂p.
hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ ac-Wm-\-¥c Pohn-X-Ønse A\p-`-hm-h-
ÿ-Isf kw_-‘n®p Kuc-h-s∏´ aq∂p KqV-XØz-ßƒ hnh-
c-n®n-cn-°p-∂Xv Cu Xcp-W-Øn¬ {]kvXm-hm¿l-am-Wv. Ah-
ChnsS {]tXyIw {]tXy-I-ambn hnh-cn®psIm≈mw.
H∂m-asØ XØzw
ac-Wm-\-¥c PohnXw ]pXn-sbm-c-h-ÿ-b-s√∂pw AXp
sFlnI Pohn-Xm-hÿ
- b
- psS {]Xn-cq-]a
- m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw hnip≤
Jp¿-B≥ i‡n-bmbn {]t_m-[n-°p∂p F∂p-≈-XmWv H∂m-

asØ XØzw. Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xn-ß-s\-bmWv:
""\mw Cu temIØv F√m a\p-jy-s‚bpw I¿Ω-^-e-ßsf

Ahs‚ IWvTt- ØmSp _‘n-°p-Ibpw tKm]y-am-bn-cn-°p∂ Cu
ê-ßsf ]p\-cp-∞m-\-\m-fn¬ Xpd∂ {KŸ-cq-]-Øn¬ shfn-
s∏-Sp-am-dm-°p-Ibpw sNøpw''(17:14). Cu hmIy-Øn¬ {]bp-‡-
amb "XzmC¿' F∂ ]Zw ChnsS {]tXyIw {it≤-b-am-Wv.
CXns‚ i_vZm¿∞w ]£n F∂m-sW-¶nepw D]-am-e-¶m-c-ambn
"I¿Ωw' F∂ A¿∞-Øn-emWv ChnsS D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-ń-cn-
°p-∂-Xv. Fs¥-∂m¬ \√tXm NoØtbm Bb GXv I¿Ωhpw
kw`-hm-\¥ - cw ]d-hs - b-t∏mse ]d∂p ad™p t]mIp-∂p. AXm-
bXv, B Imcy- Ø ns‚ \n¿∆- l - W - t ØmSpIqSn AXn-
\mbns°m≠v A\p-`-hn® t¢itam XZ-h-k-c-Øn¬ A\p-`-h-
s∏´ B\-µtam F¥mbn-cp-∂mepw AXp am™p-t]m-Ip-∂p.
B {Inb-bpsS ip`tam Aip-`tam Bb êw AYhm Nn”w
am{Xw lrZ-b-Øn¬ tijn-°p-am-dm-Ip-∂p. a\p-jys‚ GXv
I¿Ωhpw AXns‚ Nn”sØ ]tcm-£-ambn lrZ-b-Øn¬ ]Xn-
∏n-°p-∂p-sh-∂Xv hnip-≤-Jp¿-Bs‚ ]mT-am-Ip-∂p. a\p-jys‚
I¿Ωw GXp-hn-[-am-bn-cn-°ptam AXn-\-\p-kr-X-ambn ssZh
I¿Ωhpw shfn-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv. B \nbXnI¿Ωw a\p-jys‚
{Inbm-^-e-amb \∑tbtbm Xn∑tbtbm \in-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-
°p-∂n-s√∂p am{X-a√ - , AXns‚ Nn”w lrZ-bØ - nepw apJØpw
IÆp-I-fnepw ImXp-I-fnepw ssII-fnepw Imep-I-fnepsa√mw
Kp]vX cq]-Øn¬ ]Xn-∏n-°pI IqSn sNøp-∂p. CXp-X-s∂-bmWv
Ah-\n¬ Kp]vX-am-bn-cn-°p∂ I¿Ω-{KŸw. sFlnI Pohn-X-
Øn¬ ]tcm-£-amb \ne-bn¬ cq]w sIm≈p∂ Cu I¿a-hr-
Øm-¥-{KŸw ]c-tem-I-Øn¬ {]Xy£ kn≤-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-
Wv. hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ Hcp ÿeØv kz¿§-hm-kn-I-sf-°p-dn®v
C{]-Imcw ]d-bp∂p:
""B \mfn¬, kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-sfbpw kXy-hn-izm-kn-\n-I-

sfbpw Ah¿°v ]tcm-£-ambn kn≤n® {]Imiw Ah-cpsS
apºn-embpw heXp `mK-Ømbpw {]h-ln-°p∂ \ne-bn¬ Im-
Wp-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw''(57:13). Jp¿-B-\n¬ as‰m-cn-SØv ssZhw
A[¿Ωn-Isf kwt_m-[\ sNbvXpsIm≠p ]d-bp∂p:
""\nß-fpsS euIn-I-amb XrjvWm-[nIyw \nßƒ ih-°p-

gn-Iƒ kµ¿in-°p-∂Xphsc \nßsf ]c-temI Pohn-Xm-t\z-
j-W-Øn¬\n∂p A{i-≤-cm°n \ndp-Øp-∂p. \nßƒ euInI
{i≤- I - f n¬ _≤- c m- I - c pXv ; Fs¥- ∂ m¬, {]]- © m- \ p- c mKw
k¬êw Df-hm-°p-∂-X-s√∂p \nßƒ ASpØpXs∂ Adn-
bpw. ho≠pw Rm≥ \nß-tfmSp ]d-bp∂p: {]]-©m-\p-cm-K-
Øns‚ tZmj-êw \nßƒ Xma-kn-bmsX Adn-bp-∂-Xm-Wv.
\nßƒ°v \n›- b m- fl I⁄m\w kn≤n- ® p- s h- ¶ n¬ Cu
temIØph®pXs∂ \nßƒ \cIw ImWp-am-dm-Ipw. ]ns∂
ac-W-Øn\ptijw ]p\-cp-∞m\w hsc-bp≈ A¥-cm-f-L-´-amb
"_¿k-Jn'¬ sh®v \nßƒ AXns\ \n›-bm-flI ZrjvSym
ImWp-∂-Xm-Wv. Ah-km\w ]p\-cp-∞m\ L´-Øn¬ \nßƒ
\ymb-hn-kvXm-cØ - n\v ]m{X-ambn in£bv°v hnt[-bc - m-Ip-tºmƒ
A\p-`hw aptJ\ \nßƒ°v \c-I-Øns‚ ]c-am¿∞ t_m[-ap-
≠m-Ip-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw''(-A[ymbw:102). Cu ssZh-hm-Iy-ßƒ,
A[¿Ωn-Iƒ°p≈ \c-I-Po-hnXw Cu temIØpXs∂ Kp]vX-
am- b n- ° n- S - ° p- ∂ p-s h∂pw Ah- K mVw Nn¥n- ° p- ∂ - X m- b m¬
Ah¿°v \cIw ChnsS Xs∂ ImWm-dm-Ip-sa∂pw kv]jvS-ambn
{]kvXm-hn-°p-∂p-≠v. ChnsS ⁄m\-]-≤-Xnsb aq∂mbn hn`m-
Kn-®n-cn-°p-I-bmWv:
"C¬ap¬b-Jo≥' AYhm "A\p-am-\-⁄m\w'
"sF\p¬b-Jo≥' AYhm "Z¿i-\-⁄m\w'
"lJvJp¬b-Jo≥' AYhm "A\p-`-h-⁄m\w'

hnj- b sØ Hcp- Z m- l - c WwsIm≠v kp{K- l - a m- ° mw.
Zqsc\n∂v ]pIs]mßn hcp-∂Xp ImWp-tºmƒ ImWn-bpsS
at\m-X-e-Øn¬ AXn\v Imc-W-`q-X-amb XobpsS t_m[w DZn-
°p-∂p. [qahpw A·nbpw XΩn-ep≈ A]-cn-t—-Zy-amb _‘w
\nanØw ]pI-bp-t≈-SØv Xobp-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂Xv Xo¿®-
bm-W-t√m. AXn-\m¬ ]pI s]mßn-h-cp-∂-Xmbn I≠ B
ÿeØv Xobp-≠m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v B ImWn t_m[n-°p-∂p. Cu
Ad-nhn-\mWv "A\p-am-\-⁄m-\'-sa∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Ah≥ B
]pI I≠ ÿeØv t\cn´p sN∂v Xo IØp-∂Xv ImWp-∂-Xm-
bm¬ B Adn-hn\v "Z¿i-\-⁄m\w' F∂p ]d-bp-∂p. B
A·nsb kv]¿in-°p-tºmƒ Ah\p bmYm¿∞yw {]Xy-£-
s∏-Sp-∂p. Cu Adn-hn-\mWv "A\p-`-h-⁄m\w' AYhm ]c-
am¿∞⁄m\w F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. C{]-Imcw \c-IsØ kw_-
‘n®v Cu temIØph®v \n›nX ⁄m\hpw "_¿kJv' F∂
A¥-cm-f-L-´-Øn¬ "Z¿i-\-⁄m-\hpw' ]p\-cp-∞m-\-L-´-Øn¬
]q¿Æ-amb "A\p-`-h-⁄m-\hpw' kn≤n-°p-∂-Xm-sW-∂t{X
{]kvXpX ssZh-hm-Iy-ß-fn¬ \n∂p kv]jvS-am-Ip-∂-Xv.
a\p- j yPohn- X - Ø n\v aq∂p temI- ß ƒ AYhm aq∂p
hyXykvX L´-ßƒ D≈-Xmbn hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p
F∂ hkvXpX {]Ir-X-Øn¬ {i≤m¿l-am-Wv. H∂m-asØ
temIw ]cn-{i-a-cw-K-amb sFlnIw Xs∂. ChnsS sh®mWv
Bcpw Xs‚ ip`tam Aip-`tam Bb I¿Ω-ßƒ aptJ\ ]pWy-
ßtfm ]m]-ßtfm kºm-Zn-°p-∂-Xv. ]p\-cp-∞m\ temI-Øn¬
k÷-\-ßƒ°v A`n-hr-≤n-Iƒ kn≤n®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-sa-¶nepw
Ah Ah-cpsS I¿Ωß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-´-h-bm-bn-cn-°p-I-bn√;
B A`n-hr-≤n-sb√mw ssZh-Øns‚ Ir]m-I-Sm-£-ß-fpsS ê-
am-bn-´m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.
c≠m-asØ temIw "_¿kJv' F∂p ]db-s∏-Sp∂ ÿm\-
am-Ip-∂p. "_¿kJv' F∂m¬ Ad-_n-`m-j-bn¬ c≠p hkvXp-
°-fpsS a≤y-Øn¬ ÿnXn sNøp∂ H∂n-s\-°p-dn-°p-∂X - n-\p≈

]Z-am-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv sFlnI Pohn-X-Øn\pw ]p\-cp-∞m-
\-Øn\pw at≤y ÿnXn sNøp∂ L´-Øn\v "_¿kJv' F∂p
]d-bp-∂-Xv. Xs∂bpa-√, AXn-{]m-No-\-Imew apXte a≤yL-
´sØ Ipdn-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn-´mWv Cu ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏´p hcp-
∂-Xv. C{]-Imcw {]kvXpX ]ZwXs∂ sFlnI Pohn-X-Øn\pw
]p\-cp-∞m-\Ø - n\pw CS-bn¬ a\p-jym-flm-hn\p Hcp Pohn-XL - ´w
Ds≠-∂-Xn-te°v km£yw hln-°p-∂p-≠v. Ad_n hm°p-Iƒ
ssZh-Øns‚ Xncp-hm-bn¬\n∂v ]pd-s∏-ń-´p≈ hm°p-I-fm-
sW∂pw ssZh-hm-Wn-sb∂p ]d-b-s∏-Sm-hp∂ GI-`mj AXp-
am-{X-am-sW∂pw k¿∆-⁄m-\-ß-fp-sSbpw Dd-hn-Shpw kI-e-`m-
j-I-fp-sSbpw P\-\nbpw ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ shfn-]m-Sn-\p≈
BZy-sØbpw Ah-km-\-sØbpw hml-Ihpw AXp-X-s∂-bm-
sW∂pw Rm≥ "an\-\p¿dlvam≥' F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬ sXfn-bn-
®n- ´ p- ≠ v . Ad- _ n- ` mj ssZh- h - N - \ - Ø ns‚ shfn- ] m- S n- \ p≈
BZysØ hmlIw F∂p ]d-™X - v, AXp ssZh-Øm¬ kwkm-
cn-°-s∏-´Xpw Ah-t\mSpIqsS-bp-≈-Xp-amb `mj-Whpw CX-c-
`m-j-I-fpsS aqehpw Bbn-cn-°p-∂Xp sIm≠m-Wv. ssZh-Øns‚
A¥y-a-X-{K-Ÿ-amb hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ Ad_n `mj-bn¬ shfn-
s∏-´Xp sIm≠mWv B `mj ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ shfn-]m-Sn-
\p≈ Ah-km-\sØ hml-I-sa∂p ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ap≥
{]kvXm-hn® "_¿kJv' F∂ Ad_n hm°v "_¿' F∂pw "k-Jv'
F∂pw c≠p i_vZ-ßƒ tN¿∂p-≠mb Hcp kwbp-‡-]-Z-am-
Wv. I¿Ω-cq-t]W ]pWy-]m-]ß - sf kºm-Zn-°p-∂X - n-\p≈ L´w
Ah-km-\n®p F∂mWp Cu ]Z-Øns‚ A¿∞w. _¿kJv
AYhm A¥- c m- f - L ´w F∂Xv Bflmhv PU- Ø n¬\n∂v
th¿s]-Sp-Ibpw \iz-c-ambicocw [mXp-hn-tbmKwh∂p \in-°p-
Ibpw sNøp∂ L´-am-Ip-∂p. ac-Wm-\¥ -- cw icocw Ipgn-bn-te°v
X≈-s∏-Sp∂{]Imcw Bflmhpw HcpXcw Ipgn-bn¬ sh°-s∏-
Sp∂p F∂p ]d-bmw. CXmWv "_¿kJv' i_vZw kqNn-∏n-°p-
∂-Xv. Cu L´-Øn¬ Bflm-hn\v ico-c-Øns‚taep≈ \nb-
{¥-W-i‡n hn\-jvS-am-Ip-∂-Xn-\m¬ ip`m-ip-`-I¿Ω-ßƒ°v
AXp ka¿∞-am-Ip-∂n-√. \ΩpsS Bflm-hns‚ t£a-ÿnXn
ico-cØ - ns‚ Btcm-KysØ B{i-bn-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂Xp {]kv]-
jvS-am-Wt√m. akvXn-jvI-Øns‚ Hcp {]tXyI ÿm\Øp {]l-

c-taev°p-∂-Xm-bm¬ Hm¿Ω-i‡n \jvS-am-hp-Ibpw as‰mcp
ÿm\Øp CSn-tbev°p-∂-Xm-bm¬ Nn¥m-i‡n \in®pt]mhp-
Ibpw t_m[-£bwt]mepw D≠m-hp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. C{]-
ImcwXs∂ Xe-t®m-dnse Zi-Iƒ°v Iº-\tam tIm®tem
Gev°p-Itbm ho°-ap-≠m-hp-Itbm Xe-t®m-dn¬ c‡tam at‰-
sX-¶nepw [mXpthm Ibdn \nev°p-Itbm sNøp-∂-Xm-bm¬
t_m[-£-btam A]-kvam-ctam akvXnjvI k∂ntbm _m[n-
°p- ∂ p. ico- c - t Øm- S p≈ _‘w A‰p t]mIp- ∂ - X m- b m¬
Bflmhv H∂n\pw ka¿∞-am-Ip-∂-X-s√∂p Cu Zriym-\p-`-h-
ßƒ \sΩ t_m[-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-≠v. tZlsØ°qSmsX Bflm-
hn\p X\n®p B\-µsØ A\p-`-hn-°p-hm≥ km[n-°psa∂p
hnNm-cn-°p-∂Xp Xotc A¿∞-c-ln-X-am-Wv. B hnNmcw IY-
sb-t∏mse ckn-°m≥ sIm≈m-sa-∂-√msX bp‡n-b-\p-`-h-hm-
Zn-Iƒ AXns\ icn-sh-°p-∂n-√. ico-c-Øn\p \nm-c-amb Xc-
t°Sp ]‰p-∂-Xm-bm¬ Bflm-hns‚ I¿Ω-ßƒ°v `wKw t\cn-
Sp- ∂ - X mbn \mw I≠p hcp- ∂ p- h - t √m. F∂n- c n- s °, ico- c -
Øn¬\n∂v tIhew th¿s∏´p InS-°p∂ Bflmhv ]cn-]q¿Æm-
h-ÿ-bn-em-sW∂p hnNm-cn-°mhp-∂-sX-ßs\? Bflm-hns‚
Atcm-Km-h-ÿbv°v ico-cm-tcmKyw AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-sW-
∂Xp \ap°p A\p-`-h-hn-Zn-X-am-W-t√m. a\p-jy≥ hm¿≤-Iym-h-
ÿsb {]m]n-°p-tºmƒ Ahs‚ Bflm-hn\pw hm¿≤y-Iyhpw
Ai-‡nbpw _m[n-°p-∂p. Cu hm¿≤-Iy-am-Ip∂ tNmc≥
Ahs‚ ⁄m\kº-Øns\ Ih¿∂p If-bp-∂p. Cu Ah-i-
Xsb Ipdn®p hnip≤Jp¿- B ≥ Cßs\ ]dbp∂p:
""a\p-jy≥ AXn-hm¿≤Iyw {]m]n-°p-
tºmƒ ]Tn-®-sXms° hnkva-cn®p H∂pw Adn-bm-Ø-h-s\-
t∏mse Bbn-Øo-cp-∂p''(22:6). Cu ZrjvSm-¥-ß-fm¬, PU-
Øn¬\n∂p th¿s∏´p t]mIp∂ Bflmhv H∂n\pw i‡-am-
Ip-∂-X-s√∂p \√-t]mse sXfn-bp-∂p-≠v. Bflmhn\p ico-cm-
t]£ IqSmsX Xs∂ i‡n-bp-s≠∂p hcp-In¬, AXns\
£W-`w-Kp-c-amb ico-c-tØmSp kw_-‘n-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂ ssZh-
Øns‚ {]hrØn \nc¿∞-am-bn-Øo-cpw. Cu hkvXp-X-sb-°p-dn-
®p≈ Nn¥ ]c-am¿∞-XØzw {Kln-°p-∂-Xn\p klm-b-I-am-

bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. A]-cn-an-X-amb D∂-Xn-bn-te°v Db¿∂p
t]mIm-\p≈ kr„n-bm-Wv a\p-jy≥. Ah\p {lkz-amb sFlnI
Pohn-XØ
- nse A`n-hr-≤n-Iƒ ico-cm-t]£ IqSmsX {]m]n-°m≥
Ign-bmØ ÿnXn°v ]c-tem-IsØ A\-¥hpw A]m-c-hp-amb
A`n-hr≤n Hcp tZl-tØm-Sp≈ _‘w IqSmsX {]m]n-°m-sa∂p
hnNm-cn-°p-∂-sX-ßs\?
Npcp-°-Øn¬ Ckvemw aX-XØz-a-\p-k-cn®p Bflm-hn\p
AXns‚ ]q¿Æhym]c-Øn\p Hcp tZl-hp-am-bp≈ _‘w A\p-
t]-£-Wo-b-am-sW∂p D]-cyp‡ \ymb-ß-fm¬ \√t]mse
sXfn-bp-∂p-≠v. ac-W-tØmSpIqSn \iz-c-amb aïcocw Bflm-
hn¬\n∂p th¿s∏´pt]mIp∂p F∂p-≈Xp \nkvX¿°-am-W-
t√m. F∂m¬, F√m Bflm-hn\pw AXns‚ I¿Ω-êw A\p-
`- h n- ° p- ∂ - X n- \ mbns°m≠v a≤y- L - ´ - a mb _¿k- J n¬ Hcp
Xm¬°m-enI tZlw \evI-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv. B tZlw sFln-I-
Ønse aï-cocw t]mep-≈-Xm-bn-cn-°p-I-bn-√. AXp I¿Ω-
ß-fpsS \ne-b-\p-k-cn®p cq]-s∏´phcp∂ {]Im-i-a-btam A‘-
Im-c] - q¿Ætam Bb tZl-am-bn-cn-°pw. Cßs\ a\p-jys‚ I¿Ω-
amWv Cu L´-Øn¬ Bflm-hn\p tZl-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xv. AXp
k¬°¿Ω-{]-Im-i-Øn¬ \nt∂m ZpjvI¿Ωm-‘-Im-c-Øn¬
\nt∂m cq]w sIm≈p-∂-X-t{X. CXv AXohKl-\-amb XØz-
c-l-ky-am-sW-¶nepw bp‡n°v FXn-cm-b-X√. ]q¿ÆX {]m]n®
`‡\v Xs‚ ÿqeico-c-Øn¬\n∂p thdn´v {]Im-i-a-b-amb
Hcp icocw cq]-s∏´p hcp-∂-Xmbn sFlnI Pohn-X-Øn¬Xs∂
A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv. I¿Ω-ß-fn¬\n∂p-≠m-bn-h∂v ac-Wm-
\-¥cw a\p-jym-flm-hn\p e`n-°p-am-dm-Ip∂ tXtPm-ab - tam A‘-
Im-c-a-btam Bbp≈ tZlsØ kw_-‘n® H´p hfsc ZrjvSm-
¥-ßƒ `‡≥am-cpsS Bfl-Z¿i-\-ß-fn¬ ImWp-hm-\p-≠v.
ÿqe-_p-≤n-bmb Hcp-h\p Cu hnjbw {Kmlyam°nØo¿°p-
∂Xv A\m-bm-k-a-√. F∂m¬ Bflo-b-amb Z¿i\ kn≤n°v
`mKy-ap-≠m-bn-´p-≈-h¿ I¿Ω-kw-Pm-X-am-Ip∂ kq£va-tZ-l-
Øns‚ kØsb Akw-`-hsa∂p Icp-Xp-Itbm AXn-s\-°p-dn-
®p≈ hnh-c-W-Øn¬ HuZm-ko\yw {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-Itbm sNøp-
I-bn-√. adn-®v, Ah¿ Cu hnh-c-W-Øn¬ B\µw sIm≈p-I-

bmWv sNøp-I. Npcp-°n-∏-d-bp-∂-Xm-bm¬, I¿Ω-K-Xn-b-\p-k-cn®v
e-`n-°p-am-dm-Ip∂ Cu kq£va-tZ-l-amWv "_¿kJv' L´-Øn¬
\∑ Xn≥a-I-fpsS {]Xn-^-em-\p-`-h-Øn\v ]m{X-am-bn--Øo-cp-∂-
Xv. Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ A\p-`-h-kn-≤n-bp≈ Hcp-h-\mWv Rm≥.
Pm{K-Xm-h-ÿ-bn¬ F\n-°p-≠m-bn-´p≈ Bflo-b-Z¿i-\-ß-fn¬
Nne ]tc- X m- fl m- ° sf ]e- I pdn ImWp- h m- \ n- S - b m- b n- ´ p- ≠ v .
A[¿Ωn-Ifpw Zp¿am¿§n-I-fp-amb Nnesc [qa-\n¿Ωn-X-sa∂p
tXm∂p-amdp A‘-Im-c-a-b-amb ico-c-tØmSp IqSn-b-h-cmbn
ImWp-I-bp-≠m-bn-´p-ap-≠v. Npcp-°-Øn¬, Cu B≤ym-fl-hoYn
F\n°v kp]-cn-Nn-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂X-s{X. AXn-\m¬, k¿∆-⁄-
\mb ssZhw AcpƒsNbvX {]Im-cw, ac-Wm-\-¥cw F√m
Bflm-hn\pw tXP-]q¿Ætam A‘-Im-c-a-btam Bb tZlw
\evI-s∏-Sp∂p F∂ hkvXpX Rm≥ Dss®-kvXcw {]kvXm-
hn®p sIm≈p-∂p. AXn-K-l-\-amb Cu KqVm¿∞-I- X-ØzsØ
tIh-e_ - p-≤n-sIm≠p am{Xw sXfn-bn-°p-hm≥ {ian-°p-∂Xv A_-
≤-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. ]Zm¿∞sØ ImWp-hm-\p≈ IÆp-
sIm≠p AXns\ cpNn-®-dn-bm≥ Ign-bm-ØXpt]mse cpNn-®-dn-
bp-∂-Xn-\p≈ ck-t\-{µn-b-sØ-s°m≠p ]Zm¿∞sØ ImWp-
hm\pw Ign-bp-∂-X-√-t√m. AtX-{]-Im-cw, Bflo-b-Z¿i\w
aptJ\ kn≤n-t°-≠p∂ ]c-tem-I-⁄m\w tIhew _p≤n-
sIm≠p {]m]n-°m-\mhp-∂-Xp-a-√. Cu temIØv A⁄m-\-ß-
fmb Imcy-ßƒ Adn-bp-∂-Xn\p {]tXyIw {]tXyIw am¿§-
ßsf ssZhw \n¿t±-in-®n-´p-≠v. X∑qew AX-Xn\v \n›-bn-°-
s∏-ń-cn-°p∂ am¿§-Øn-eqsS At\z-jn-®m¬ am{Xta GXv
Imcyhpw {]m]n-°m≥ km[n-°p-I-bp-≈q.
ssZhw Xs‚ hnip≤ thZ-{K-Ÿ-Øn¬, Zp¿hr-Ø-tcbpw
Zp¿am¿§n-I-tfbpw arX-{]m-b-cm-bpw, k≤¿Ωn-Isf kPo-h-cmbpw
h¿Æn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xp ImWmw. Cu h¿Æ-\-bn¬ Hcp cl-ky-
XØzw A¥¿`-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. ssZhnI Imcy-Øn¬ A{i-
≤-cmbn Pohn-°p-∂-h-cpsS {][m-\m-h-iy-ß-fmb Xn∂p-I, IpSn-
°p-I, t`mKn-°pI F∂n-Xp-Iƒ Ah-cpsS ac-W-tØmSp IqSn
Ah-km-\n®p t]mIp-∂p; Bflo-b-amb Blmc hn`-h-ß-fn¬
Ah¿°v Hcp ]¶p-ap-≠m-Ip-∂n-√. AXn-\m¬, Ah¿ bYm¿∞-

Øn¬ acn-®-h¿ Xs∂. Ah¿ ho≠pw Pohn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv in£
A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-am-{X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Cu kwK-Xnsb
kqNn-∏n®v hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ Cßs\ ]d-bp∂p:
" GsXm-cp-h≥ Xs‚ ssZh-Øns‚bSp-°¬ ]m]n-bmbn hcp-

∂pthm Ahs‚ kt¶Xw \c-I-am-Ip-∂p. Ah≥ AXn¬ acn-
°p-I-bp-an√; Pohn-°p-I-bp-an√''(20:75). F∂m¬, ssZh-Øns‚
{]nb-P\- a- m-Is´ imco-cn-Ia
- mb ac-Wt- ØmSpIqSn bYm¿∞-Øn¬
acn®pt]mIp-∂n-√. ImcWw Ah-cpsS Poh-k-‘m-c-W-Øn-\m-
h-iy-I-ß-fmb Blmc ]m\o-b-ßƒ Ah-cpsS ]°¬ k÷-
am-bn-cn-°p-∂p-≠v.
aq∂m-asØ temIw "]p\-cp-∞m\temIw' F∂p ]d-b-s∏-
Sp∂ ÿm\-am-Ip-∂p. Cu L´-Øn¬ ]cn-ip-≤tam Aip-≤-tam,
[m¿Ωn-Itam A[m¿Ωn-Itam Bbp≈ F√m Bflm-hn\pw
{]Xy-£-amb tZlw \evI-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. Cu L´-amWv
ssZh-am-lm-fly-Øns‚ kºq¿Æ-amb {]Xy-£-X-bv°p \n¿Æ-
bn-°s- ∏-ń-cn-°p-∂X
- v. B \mfn¬ F√m a\p-jycpw ssZh-Øns‚
kØ-sb-°p-dn®v ]q¿Æ-amb-dn-bp-Ibpw Ah-\-hs‚ I¿Ω-
ßƒ°p≈ ]q¿Æ-amb {]Xn-êw {]Xy£ \ne-bn¬ A\p-`-
hn-°p-am-dm-hp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xm-Wv. CsX-ßs\ kw`-mhy-am-
Ipsa∂p B¿°pw hnkvabw tXmt∂-≠-Xn-√. k¿∆i‡-\mb
ssZh-Øns‚ ]°¬ Akm-≤y-ambn H∂p-an-√. Ah≥ C—n-°p-
∂-sXm-s°bpw sNøp-∂-Xn\p Ign-hp-≈-h-\m-Ip-∂p. Ah≥
hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\n¬ ]d-bp-∂pXp ImWpI:
""a\p-jy≥ Nn¥n®p t\m°p-∂nt√? \mw Ahs\ sNdp-Xmb

Hcp Poh-_o-P-Øn¬ \n∂p krjvSn®p; ]ns∂ AXm Ah≥
]c-ky-amb hnhm-Zn-bm-bn-Øo¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p.! Ah≥ \sΩ kw_-
‘n®v anYym-kw-hmZw \S-Øn-Øp-S-ßp-Ibpw Xs‚ kz¥w D¤-
hsØ hnkva-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Aÿn-Iƒt]mepw {Zhn®p
\in®p t]mbn-cns° a\p-jys\ ho≠pw Pohn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\p
i‡n-bp-≈-h-\m--sc∂p Ah≥ tNmZn-°p∂p! Ah-t\mSp ]d-
bpI: Ahsb BZyw D≠m-°n-bh - \
- mtcm Ah≥ Xs∂ Ahbv°p
Poh≥ \evIpw. Ah≥ F√m-hn-t[-\bpw krjvSnsb D¤-hn-∏n-
°p-hm≥ Adn-bp-∂h - \- m-Wv. BIm-ia - fi
- e
- ß
- sfbpw `qan-sbbpw
krjvSn-®-h≥ Ah-sb-t∏m-ep≈ kr„n-Isf D¤-hn-∏n-°p-hm≥
i‡-\t√? AsX! Xo¿®-bmbpw Ah≥ k¿∆⁄\mb {kjvSm-
hm-Ip-∂p. Hcp hkvXp D≠m-Ip-∂-Xn\p Ah≥ C—n-°p-tºmƒ
"BhpI' F∂p am{Xw ]d-bp-Ibpw At∏mƒ AXp-≠m-hm≥
XpSßp-Ibpw sNøp∂p F∂-XmWv Ahs‚ B⁄m-ssh-`-hw.
AXn-\m¬, k¿∆-Nc - m-Nc
- ß
- f- p-sSbpwta¬ A[n-Im-cÿ- \pw kI-
ecpw Xncn®p sNt√≠ tI{µ-ÿm-\-hp-amb Ah∂t{X k¿∆-
a-l-Øz-hpw.(36;78˛84)
Cu ssZh-hm-Iy-ßƒ \sΩ DZvt_m-[n-∏n-°p-∂-Xv, ssZh-
Øns‚ ]°¬ Akm-≤y-ambn H∂p-an-s√-∂m-Wv. \nm-c-amb
_oP-Øn¬\n∂p Hcn-°¬ a\p-jys\ D¤-hn-∏n-°m≥ Ign-™-
h\p ho≠p-sam-cn-°¬ Ahs\ Pohn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\p Ign-bp-I-bn-
s√∂p hcptam?
aq∂m-asØ L´-amb ]p\-cp-∞m\w Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xn\p Hcp
Zo¿L-Imew Ign-tb-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ AXp-h-tc-bp≈
kt¶-X-amb "_¿kJv' L´w [¿Ωm-flm-°ƒ°pw Zpcm-flm-
°ƒ°pw H∂pt]mse \nc-p]-tbm-K-amb Hcp _‘\ IpSo-c-am-
bn-cn-°p-I-bt√ sNøpI F∂ Hcp tNmZyw Chn-sS-bp-≠m-Imw.
CXn\p Npcp-°-Øn¬ kam-[m\w ]d™p sIm≈mw: "_¿kJv'
L´w Hcp _‘-\-ÿ-e-am-sW∂p hnNm-cn-°p-∂Xp tIhew

A_-≤-am-Ip-∂p. Cu sX‰p-[m-cW Ahn-⁄-X-bn¬ \n∂p-≠m-
bn-´p-≈X
- m-Wv. hnip≤ thZ-{K-Ÿa - mb Jp¿-B\ - n¬ kpIr-X¿°pw
ZpjvIr-X¿°pw {]Xn-êw \evI-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\p c≠p ÿm\w
D≈-Xmbn {]kvXm-hn-°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. Ah-bn¬ H∂p "_¿kJv'
F∂ a≤y-L-´-am-Wv. ChnsSh®pXs∂ F√m a\p-jy\pw Ah-
\-hs‚ \√tXm NoØtbm Bb I¿Ω-Øn-\p≈ c£-tbm-in-
£-tbm˛ ]p\-cp-∞m-\-L-´-Øn-se-∂-t]mse A{X {]Xy-£hpw
kv]¿i-tKm-N-c-hp-amb Xc-Øn-e-s√-¶nepw ˛ A\p-`-hn®p XpS-
ßp-∂p. AXm-b-Xv, Zp¿hr-Ø¿ acn-®m-ep-Ss\ \c-I-in-£bpw
kZzr-Ø¿ ac-Wm-\-¥cw kz¿§-kp-Jhpw A\p-`-hn-°p-∂p. Cß-
s\, ac-Wt- ijw DS≥Xs∂ I¿Ω-êw A\p-`h - n®p XpS-ßp∂p
F∂p ImWn-°p∂ hmIy-ßƒ hnip≤Jp¿-B-\n¬ H´p hf-sc-
bp-≠v. kz¿§o-b-\mb Hcp kpIr-X-s\-°p-dn®p ]d-bp-I-bmWv:
""\o kz¿§-Øn¬ {]th-in®p sIm≈pI F∂p
Ah-t\mSp Iev]-\-bm-bn''(36:27). CtX-{]-Im-cw, Hcp \c-Im-h-
Im-insb Dt±-in®p ]d-bp∂p: AXm-bXv,
kz¿§o-b-\mb kpIr-X\v \c-Im-h-Im-in-bmb Hcp kvt\ln-X-
\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. c≠p-t]cpw acn-®-t∏mƒ kz¿-§o-b\v Xs‚
kv t \ln- X ≥ Fhn- s S- b m- s W- ∂ - d n- b m≥ DXv I - W v T - b m- b n.
t\m°nb-t∏mƒ "Abmƒ a‰-hs\ \c-I-Øns‚ \Sp-hn¬ ImWp-
I-bp-≠m-bn'(37:56). Cßs\ c£-bp-sSbpw in£-bp-sSbpw A\p-
`hw ac-W-Øn\p tijw hnfw-_-sat\y Bcw-`n-°p-∂p. AXm-
bXv, \c-Im-h-Imin DS≥Xs∂ \c-I-Ønepw kz¿§m-h-Imin
kz¿§-Ønepw sN∂p tNcp-∂p. F∂m¬, CXn-\p-tijw ssZh-
Øns‚ ]cn-]q¿Æ-amb amlm-fly-{]-I-S-\-Øn\v Hcp {]tXyI
Ime-L-´-ap-≠v. ]q¿Æ-amb Xc-Øn-ep≈ Cu al-Øz-{]-Im-i\w
]p\-cp-∞m-\-L-´-Øn¬ kw-`-hn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-´mWv ssZhw Xs‚
A]m-c-⁄m-\-Øn¬ k¶ev]n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ah≥ a\p-jys\
krjvSn-®Xp Xs‚ krjvSn I¿ØrXzw aptJ\ kzbw Adn-b-
s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\m-bn-´-s{X. ]ns∂ Ah≥ kI-eXpw \in-∏n-°p-∂Xv
Xm≥ k¿∆-tØbpw hnP-bn-°p-∂-h-\m-sW∂v Adn-b-s∏-Sp-
∂Xn\pth≠n-bp-am-Ip-∂p. HSp-hn¬ k¿∆-i-‡-\m-sW-∂-dn-b-
s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v Ah≥ F√mh¿°pw ]q¿Æ Poh≥ \evIn Ahsc

Hcp-ÿ-eØv Hcp-an®p Iq´p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. ac-Wm-\-¥c Pohn-
X-Ønse Ah-ÿ-Isf kw_-‘n®p hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ {]kvXm-
hn-®n-cn-°p∂ Kuc-hm-hl
- hpw hnt⁄-bh - p-amb aq∂p KqVm¿∞-
I-X-Øz-ß-fn¬ H∂m-a-Ø-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®mWv C{Xbpw {]kvXm-
hn-®-Xv.
c≠m-asØ XØzw
sFlnI Pohn-X-Øn¬ Bflo-b-ambn kn≤n-°p∂ Ah-
ÿ-I-sf√mw ]c-tem-I-Øn¬ "_¿kJv' F∂ A¥-cm-f-L-´-
Øn-em-bmepw ]p\-cp-∞m\ L´-Øn-em-bmepw icn {]Xy-£-cq-
]-Øn¬ tKmN-co-`-hn-°p-sa-∂p-≈-XmWv c≠m-asØ XØzw.
hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p:
""GsXm-cp-h≥
Cl-Øn¬ A‘-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂pthm Ah≥ ]c-Ønepw A‘-
\m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv''(17:73). AXm-bXv, Cu temIsØ Bflo-
bm-‘X adp-tem-IØv {]Xy-£hpw A\p-`-h-kn-≤-hp-am-bn-cn-°p-
∂-Xm-Wv. as‰m-cn-SØp Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-I-bmWv:
""Ahs\ (B \c-I-]m-]n-sb) ]nSn-°p-hn≥; ]ns∂ Ahs‚

Igp-Øn¬ Nß-e-bn-Sp-hn≥. A\-¥cw Ahs\ IØn-sb-cn-bp∂
\c-Im-·n-bn¬ Fcn-°p-hn≥; ]ns∂ Ahs\ Fgp-]-Xp-apgw \of-
ap≈ irwJ-eb - n¬ IpSp-°p-hn≥''(69:31˛33). Cu hmIy-ßƒ hy‡-
am-°n-Øc - p-∂Xv Cu temIsØ Bflob]oU-Iƒ ]c-tem-IØv
{]Xy£ cq]-Øn¬ shfn-s∏-Sp-sa-∂m-Ip-∂p. Igp-Øn-en-Sp-∂X - mbn
]d-b-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂ Nße a\p-jys‚ inc-ns\ `qan-bn-te°v
Ip\n®p If-bp∂ hnj-tb-—-I-sf-bmWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Cu
C—-I-sf√mw ]c-tem-IØv Nß-e-bpsS cq]-Øn¬ Ah\v shfn-
s∏-Sp-∂X - m-bn-cn-°pw. Cu temIsØ Xmgv∂ sI´p-]m-Sp-Is - f√mw
Imep-I-fn¬ IpSp-°n-bn-cn-°p∂ irwJ-e-bmbn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-
am-bn-cn-°pw. hnj-tb-—-Iƒ \nanØw D≠m-bn-Øo-cp∂ B[n-
bm-Ip∂ A·n {]Xy-£-Øn¬ Pzen-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWmw.

A[¿Ω-Imcn sFlnI Pohn-X-Øn¬ C{µn-bm-i-I-fm-ep≈ Hcp
\cIw D≈n¬ hln®p \S-°p-∂-h-\m-Ip-∂p. Xs‚ Bi-Iƒ
]q¿Øn-bm-ImsX hcp-tºmƒ D≈nse B \c-Im-·n-bpsS Xm]w
Ah\v A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂p. X≥\n-anØw sFln-tI-—-Iƒ ]q¿Øn-
bm-ImsX Ah-bn¬\n∂p Ah≥ AI-‰-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Ft∂-bv°p-
ambn Ahs\ ss\cmiyw _m[n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ Ah\p
A\p-`-h-am-Ip∂ B[n-Isf ssZhw {]Xy-£m-·n-bpsS cq]-
Øn¬ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xm-Wv. hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p:
""Ah¿°pw Ah¿ Bin-°p∂ Imcy-
ßƒ°pw at≤y Hcp XSw D≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂X - m-Wv''(34:55). CXm-
bn-cn°pw Ah¿°p≈ in£-bpsS aqew.
"Ahs\ Fgp-]-Xp-apgw \of-ap≈ Nß-e-bn¬ IpSp-°pI'
F∂p ]m]n-bmb a\p-jys\ kw_-‘n®p hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ ]d-
™n-´p≈Xn¬ Hcp XØz-c-lkyw A¥¿`-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-≠v.
A[¿Ωn an°-hmdpw Fgp-]X - p-hb
- phsc Pohn-®n-cn-°p-sa-∂mWv
Cu hN\w kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Nne-t∏mƒ _mey-Z-ibpw hm¿≤-
Iy-Ønse £oW-Z-ibpw IqSmsX Fgp-]Xp h¿j-tØm-f-ap≈
Hcp Zo¿L-Po-hnXw ]m]n-„\v Cu temIØv e`n-°m-dp-≠v. hnth-
I- _ p≤n D]- t bm- K n®v \oXn- ] q¿∆w {]h¿Øn- t °- ≠ - X n\p
k¿∆Ym tbmKy-amb Xs‚ Bbp-jv°m-e-Ønse kph¿Æ-L-
´-amb Cu Fgp-]Xp h¿jw Ah≥ {]]-©m-\p-cm-K-Øn¬
\bns®mSp°p- ∂ p. Cu A]- I r- j v S - a mb ùXnI_‘-
Øn¬\n∂p tamN\w {]m]n-°p-∂-Xn\p {ian-°msX Ah≥
Pohn-X-bm-]\w XpS-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ {]kvXpX ssZh-hmIyw ]d-
bp-∂Xp t]mse, Ahs‚ Fgp-]-Xp-h¿j-°m-esØ PohnXw
]c-tem-IØp Fgp-]Xp apgw \of-ap≈ Nß-e-bmbn Ahs\
Np‰n-°q-Sp-∂X
- m-bn-cn-°pw. Nß-eb - psS Hmtcm apgw \ofhpw Zp¿hr-
Øs‚ PohZ-i-bnse Hmtcm h¿j-°m-e-sØ-bmWv Ipdn-°p-∂-
Xv. ssZhw B¿°pw Hcp IjvS-∏mSpw D≠m-°n-sh-°p-∂n√
F∂Xp ChnsS {]tXyIw A\p-kva-c-Wo-b-am-Wv. adn®p a\p-
jy≥ ZpjvI¿Ω-ßƒ aptJ\ kºm-Zn-°p∂ tZmj-^-e-ßsf
ssZhw Ahs‚ apºn¬ sh®psImSp-°pI am{X-amWv sNøp-∂-
Xv. Cu ssZh-\n-b-asØ kqNn-∏n®p hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-I-

bmWv:
""tl, Zp¿Ωm¿§n-Isf! \nßƒ°p XW-em-bn-cn-°p-Itbm A·n-
bpsS Dujvam-hns\ XSp-°p-hm≥ D]-I-cn-°p-Itbm sNømØ
aq∂p imJ-I-fpsS Nph-ń-te°p \nßƒ \S-°p-hn≥''(77:31,32).
Cu hmIy-Øn¬ {]kvXm-hn® aq∂p imJ-Iƒ F∂Xp
sIm≠p hnh-£n-Xam°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂Xv Zp„-P-¥p-{]-Ir-Xn,
{]mWn {]Ir-Xn, Bi¶m {]IrXn F∂o kz`m-h-ß-sf-bm-Wv.
Cu aq∂p kz`m-h-ß-sfbpw \nb-{¥n®v [m¿ΩnI KpW-ß-fmbn
cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Øm-Xn-cn-°p-∂-h¿°p Ah \ymb-hn-kvXm-c-\m-
fn¬ Ce C√msX \nev°p∂ aq∂p imJ-sb-∂-hÆw shfn-
s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv. Ahbv°p DjvWsØ XSp-°p-hm≥ Ign-hn-√m-
Ø-Xn-\m¬ Nph-ń¬ \nev°p-∂-h¿ Xm]wsIm≠p ZpxJn-°p-∂-
Xm-Wv. CtX ssZh-\n-b-asØ hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xn\p hnip≤ Jp¿-
B≥ kz¿§-hm-kn-Isf kw_-‘n®p ]d-bp∂p:
""[¿Ω- h n- i zm- k n- I - s fbpw [¿Ω- h n- i zm- k n- \ n- I - s fbpw

Ah¿°p sFlnIPo-hn-X-Øn¬ KqV-kn-≤-am-bn-´p≈ {]Imiw
B \mfn¬ Ah-cpsS apºnepw he-Xp-`m-KØpw {]h-ln®p
sIm≠n-cn-°p∂ \ne-bn¬ \o ImWp-∂-Xm-Wv''(57:13). as‰m-cn-
SØp Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p: ""At∂
Znhkw Nne apJ-ßƒ shfpØp {]Im-in-°p-∂-hbpw Nne apJ-
ßƒ Idp-Øn-cp-≠hbpw Bbn-cn-°pw''(3:107). ho≠pw ]d-bp∂p:
""`‡-P-\-Øn\p hmKvZm\w sNø-s∏-ń-´p≈ kz¿§w Hcn-°epw

aen-\-am-ImØ ip≤-P-e-hm-ln-\n-I-tfmSpw cpNn-t`Zw hcmØ
£oc-\-Zn-I-tfmSpw IpSn-°p-∂-h¿°p B\-µsØ \evIp∂ el-
cn-bn-√mØ aZy-\Zn-I-tfmSpw \n¿Ω-e-hpw \n¿t±m-j-hp-amb

tX≥]pg-I-tfmSpwIqSnb tXm´w IW-s°-bm-Ip-∂p''(47:16).
Cu hmIy-Øn¬\n∂p, kz¿§-sa-∂Xv {]kvXpX kpJ-km-
[-\ß
- f- m-ep≈ A\-¥{- ]-hm-lß- f
- psS {]Xn-ê
- \
- a
- m-sW-∂mWv
a\-n-em-Ip-∂-Xv. `‡-\mb a\p-jy≥ sFlnI Pohn-X-Øn¬
Bflo-b-ambn ]m\w sNøp∂ Poh-Pew ]mc-{Xn-I-Po-hn-X-Øn¬
kz—-P-e-hm-ln-\n-bmbn cq]-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Cu temIØph®p
Ah≥ Hcp inip-sh-∂-t]mse Bflo-b-ambn GsXmcp ]mep
sIm≠pw ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂pthm B Bflo-b-£ocw ]c-
tem-I-Øn¬ ]m¬\-Zn-bmbn {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-I-bpw, Cl-Øn¬
Ah≥ Bflo-b-ambn GsXmcp A\p-cm-K-Øns‚ elcnsIm≠p
B\-µ-Xp-µn-e-\mbn `hn-°p-∂pthm B ssZhm-\p-cm-K-am-Ip∂
Bflob aZyw ]c-Øn¬ aZy-\Znbmbn ]cn-W-an-°p-I-bpw, Cu
temIØp Ah≥ Bflo-b-ambn Bkz-Zn-°p∂ kXyhn-izm-k-
Øns‚ a[p-cn-a-bm-Ip∂ tX≥ adp-tem-IØp a[p{]hm-l-ambn
cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Cßs\ Hmtcm kz¿§ob a\p-
jy-s‚bpw B≤ym-flm-hÿ - I- ƒ Ahs‚ tXm∏p-Ifpw Bdp-Ifpw
F∂-hÆw tKmN-co-`-hn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. B \mfn¬ k¿∆-a-lnam
{]Xm-]-hm-\mb ssZhw {]`m-h-tØmSpIqSn kz¿§-hm-kn-Iƒ°p
{]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. Npcp-°-Øn¬, B L´-Øn¬
Bflo-bm-h-ÿ-Iƒ \nKq-V-am-bn-cn-°msX kv]¿i-tKm-N-c-
amIpwhn[w {]kv]-jvS-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.
aq∂m-asØ XØzw
]c-tem-IØp A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp∂ A`n-hr-≤n-Ifpw D∂-Xn-I-fp-
sa√mw A]-cn-an-Xhpw A\-¥h
- p-am-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂p-≈X
- mWv aq∂m-
asØ XØzw. hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xn-ß-s\-bmWv:
""Cu temIØph®p kXy-t_m-[-{]-Imiw kn≤n® hnizm-kn-

I-fpsS B Znhy-{]-Imiw \ymb-hn-kvXmc \mfn¬ Ah-cpsS
ap≥h-iØpw he-Xp-h-iØpw {]h-ln®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.
"tl Rß-fpsS \mYm! \o Rß-fpsS {]Im-iw ]cn-]q¿Æ-am-

°n-Ø-cp-Ibpw Rßsf \ns‚ aKv^n-d-Øn¬ AYhm kwc-£-
W-bn¬ kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNtø-Wta! \o k¿∆-h-kvXp-°-fp-
sSbpwta¬ i‡n-bp-≈-h-\m-Wt√m' F∂p Ah¿ {]m¿∞n®p
sIm≠n-cn-°pw''(66:9). Cu hmIy-Øn¬ Ah-¿ Xß-fpsS {]Imi
kw]q¿Øn-bv°mbn {]m¿∞n®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-sa∂p {]kvXm-
hn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬\n∂p a\-n-em-Ip-∂-Xv, kz¿§-Ønse
A`n-hr≤n A\-¥-am-bn-cn-°p--sa-∂m-Wv. AXm-b-Xv, Ah¿ Bfl-
{]-I¿j-am-Ip∂ {]Im-i-Øns‚ Hcp ]q¿ÆX {]m]n®p Ign-
™m¬ AhnsS \nev°p-∂n-√. Cu L´-Øn¬ Ah¿ D]-cn-
bmb as‰mcp D¬°r-jvSX ImWp-Ibpw BZy-tØXv A]q¿Æm-
h-ÿ-bmbn hnNm-cn-°p-Ibpw AXn-\-∏p-d-ap≈ c≠m-asØ
D¬°r-„X-bv°mbn {]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. AXp km[n®p
Ign-bp-tºmƒ Ah¿ aq∂m-a-sXmcp t{ijvTm-hÿ ImWp-am-dm-
Ip-∂p. At∏mƒ AXp-h-sc-bp≈ kn≤n--sb√mw A]q¿Æ-sa∂p
{Kln-°p-Ibpw D]-cn-bmb ÿm\-Øn\p {]m¿∞n®p XpS-ßp-
Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Cß-s\-bp≈ A\-¥-amb A`n-hr-≤n-bpsS
B{Kl-sØ-bmWv "AXvanw' (-]c - n-]q¿Æ-am-t°-Wt- a) F∂ ]Zw
shfn-∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. Npcp-°-Øn¬, k÷-\-ßƒ C{]-Imcw A\-
¥-amb A`n-hr-≤nsb {]m]n®psIm≠n-cn-°p-I-b-√msX Hcn-
°epw A[x-]-Xn-°p-Itbm kz¿§-Øn¬\n∂p _ln-jvI-cn-°-
s∏-Sp-Itbm D≠m-hp-∂-X-√. Ah¿ Atijw ]nd-tIm´p Kan-
°msX A\p-\n-anjw aptºm´pXs∂ t]mbvs°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-
Xm-Wv.
taep-≤-cn® Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-Øn¬ k÷-\-ßƒ "aKv^n-d-
Øn'\pth≠n {]m¿∞n®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-sa∂p {]kvXm-hn-°-
s∏-ń-´p-≠-t√m. kz¿§-Øn¬ {]th-in® ]pWym-flm-°ƒ°v
aKv^n-d-Øn\v Hcp Ipdhpw D≠m-bn-cn-°m-hp-∂-X-√m-Ø-Xn-\mepw
Ah¿°p ]m]- t am- N \w kn≤n- ® n- c n- ° p- ∂ - X n- \ mepw Ah¿
"CkvXn-Kv^m¿' (£-am-bm-N-\w) sNtø-≠p∂ Bh-iy-sa¥v
Fs∂mcp tNmZyw ChnsS D≠m-Imw. Cu tNmZyw "aKv^n-dØv'
F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ A¿∞w \√-t]mse {Kln-°m-Ø-Xn-\m-ep-≠m-
Ip- ∂ - X m- W v . AXns‚ icn- b mb A¿∞w, Atbm- K yhpw
A]q¿Æ-hp-am-bp≈ Ah-ÿsb Iog-a¿Øp-I, As√-¶n¬

tKm]\w sNøpI F∂mWv. AXn-\m¬, kz¿§-hm-kn-I-fmb
]pWy-aq¿Øn-Iƒ ]cn-]q¿Æ-amb t{ijvT-Xsb {]m]n-°p-∂-
Xn\pw {]Im-iØ - n¬ ebn-°p-∂X - n\pw Imw£n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw.
Xßƒ {]m]n-®p-I-gn™ Ah-ÿ-bnepw D]-cn-bmb as‰mcp
D¬°r-„-Xsb Ah¿ ImWp-tºmƒ BZym-h-ÿsb A]q¿Æ-
sa∂v {Kln°p-Ibpw X∑qew AXns\ tKm]\w sNøp∂Xn-
\mbns°m≠p {]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. ]ns∂, AXnepw D]-
cn-bmb aq∂m-a-sXmcp {]I¿jm-hÿ ImWp-tºmƒ AXp-]-
cy¥w km[n-®n-´p≈ \nesb kw_-‘n-t®-S-tØmfw "aKv^n-
dØv' e`n-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn´v Ah¿ Imw£n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. AXm-b-
Xv, B A]q¿Æm-h-ÿsb tKm]\w sNbvXp In´p-∂-Xn\p
Xs∂. C{]-Imcw Ah¿ A\-¥-amb aKv^n-d-Øn-\mbn AYhm
A]q¿Æm- h - ÿ - I sf C√mbv a sNbv X p In´p- ∂ - X n- \ mbn
{]m¿∞n®psIm≠n-cn-°pw. Fs¥-∂m¬, AhnsSh®p Ah¿°p
{]m]y-am-Ip∂ A`n-hr≤n A\-¥-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. "aKv^n-
dØv' F∂pw "CkvXn-Kv^m¿' F∂p-ap≈ ]Z-ß-sf-bmWv tZmj-
Zr-°p-Iƒ \ΩpsS \_n-\m-b-I¿ lZvdØv apl-ΩZv apkvX-^m
(k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsSta¬ tZmjmtcm]Ww sNøp-∂-Xn\p Ah-
ew-_-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬, Cu hm°p-I-fpsS icn-bmb
A¿∞w ta¬hn-h-cWw sIm≠v kv]jvS-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. CkvXn-
Kv^m-dn-\p≈ BImw£ a\p-jys\ A\-¥-amb A`n-hr-≤n-bn-
te°p \bn-°p-∂-Xn\p t{]c-I-am-Ip-∂XpsIm≠p AXp Ah\v
A`n-am-\-tl-Xp-I-am-Wv. kv{XobpsS hb-‰n¬\n∂pw h∂ GsXm-
cp-Ø≥ "CkvXn-Kv^m¿' F∂ c£m¿∞-\sb \nXym-\p-jvTm-\-
am-°p-∂n-√tbm Ah≥ Hcp IoS-am-Ip∂p; A‘-Im-c-Øn¬
h¿Øn-°p∂ Ipcp-S-\m-Ip∂p; lrZ-b-Øn¬ ]m]-ap≈ Aip-≤-
\m-Ip-∂p.
Npcp-°n-∏-d-bmw, hnip≤Jp¿-Bs‚ A≤ym-]-\-a-\p-k-cn®p
kz¿§hpw \c-Ihpw a\p-jys‚ sFlnI Pohn-Xm-h-ÿ-I-fpsS
{]Xn-cq-]ß
- f
- m-Ip-∂p. Ah ]pdsa\n∂p hcp∂ \hy-amb PUnI
temI-ß-f-√. kz¿§-\-c-I-ßƒ PU-cq-]-Øn¬ {]Xy-£-am-Ip-∂-
h-bm-sW-¶nepw Ah Cu Pohn-X-Ønse Bflo-bm-h-ÿ-I-fpsS
{]Xn-—m-bI
- ƒ am{X-am-Ip-∂p. kz¿§w Cu temI-Øn-ep≈t]mse
hr£-ßƒ \´p-]n-Sn-∏n-®n-´p≈ PUn-I-amb temI-am-sWt∂m
\cIw K‘-I-in-e-I-tfmSpw a‰pw IqSnb km[-\-]-c-amb IpSo-c-
am-sWt∂m Rßƒ hnizkn-°p-∂n-√. t\sc adn®v kz¿§hpw
\c- I hpw Ckv e mwaXw ]Tn- ∏ n- ° p∂ {]Im- c w, a\p- j ys‚
sFlnI Pohn-X-Ønse I¿Ωm-h-ÿ-I-fpsS {]Xn-^-e-\-ß-fm-
Ip-∂p-sh-∂m-Wv Rßƒ hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xv.
sFlnI Pohn-tXm-t±-iyhpw
X¬{]m-]vXn-°p≈ am¿§hpw
Cu temI-Øn¬ a\p-jys‚ Pohn-tXm-t±-iyhpw AXns\
{]m]n- ° m- \ p≈ am¿§hpw Fs¥- ∂ p- ≈ - X mWv aq∂m- a sØ
{]iv\w. `n∂ kz`m-h-°m-cmb a\p-jy¿ s]mXpsh Xß-fpsS
hnh-c-°p-d-hn-\mtem £p{Z-a-\x-ÿn-Xn-bmtem Xß-fpsS Pohn-
X-Øn\p hyXykvX Xc-Øn-ep≈ Dt±-iy-ßƒ \n¿Æ-bn-°p-
Ibpw tIhew euIn-Im-k-‡n-I-sfbpw ico-tc-—-I-sfbpw
Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂Xc-Øn¬ PohnXw \bn-s®m-Sp-°p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p. F∂m¬, krjvSn I¿Øm-hmb ssZhw Xs‚ hnip≤
hN-\-Øn¬ a\pjyPohn-X-Øns‚ ]c-tam-t±-iy-ambn Iev]n-®n-
cn-°p-∂Xp C{]-Im-c-amWv :
""Fs∂ Adn- b p- ∂ -
Xn\pw Bcm-[n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-am-bn´p am{X-amWv Rm≥ Pn∂p-I-
sfbpw a\p-jyscbpw krjvSn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv''(51:57).
Pohn-X-e£yw
Cu Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-a\- p-kc
- n®p a\p-jys‚ Pohn-tXm-t±-iyw,
{kjvSm-hmb ssZhsØ Adn-bp-Ibpw Ahs\ Bcm-[n-°p-Ibpw
Ah-\m-bvs°m≠p Pohn-°p-Ibpw BIp-∂p. Xs‚ Pohn-XØ - n\p
tkz—bm Hcp-t±iyw \n›-bn-°p-hm≥ a\p-jy\p A[n-Im-c-an-√.
Fs¥-∂m¬, Ah≥ Cu temIØp kz¥w C„-{]-Imcw hcp-
Itbm kzta-[bm ChnsS \n∂p Xncn®pt]mhp-Itbm sNøp-
∂n-√. Ah≥ Hcp krjvSn am{X-am-Wv. Ahs\ \mkvXn-b-amb
Ah-ÿ-bn¬\n∂p D¤-hn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Ah\p CX-c-Po-hn-Isf
At]-£n®p ]mh-\hpw D¬°r-jvS-hp-amb i‡n-Ifpw t_m[-

ßfpw {]Zm\w sNøp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p∂ {kjvSmhpXs∂
Ahs‚ Pohn-X-Øn\p Hcp-t±-iyhpw Iev]n-®n-´p-≠v. Cu kwKXn
Ah≥ a\-n-em-°n-bmepw Cs√-¶nepw Ahs‚ Pohn-tXm-t±iyw
bYm¿∞-Øn¬ ssZhsØ Adn-bp-Ibpw Ahs\ hW-ßp-Ibpw
Ah-\n¬ ebn-°p-I-bp-am-sW-∂Xp \n-tµ-l-am-Wv. hnip≤
Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p: ""\n›-b-ambpw
ssZhsØ kw_-‘n®p bYm¿∞ ⁄m\w {]Zm\w sNøp-
Ibpw ssZthm-]m-k-\-bv°p≈ t{ijvT-am¿§w ImWn®p Xcp-
Ibpw sNøp∂ ssZhnI aX-am-Ip-∂p Ckvemw''(3:20).
""A√mlp a\p-jys\ GsXmcp
{]Ir-Xn-bn¬ krjvSn-®n-cn-°p-∂pthm B ip≤ {]Ir-Xn-bn¬
XZ-\p-cq-]-ambn \n£n-]vX-am-bn-cn-°p∂ aXw. Zmen-°-Zo-\p¬
Jønw AXp-X-s∂-bmWv bYm¿∞ aXw''(30:31). AXm-bXv
a\pjy{]IrXn CkvemanI amXr-Ibv°p A\p-Kp-W-am-bn-´p-≈-
Xm-sW-∂Xp Xs∂. as‰mcp {]Im-c-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂-Xm-bm¬,
a\p-jy≥ Xs‚ kI-e-i-‡n-Ifpw t_m[-ßfpw ssZhm-\p-cm-K-
Ønepw ssZh-ln-Xm-\p-k-c-W-Ønepw ssZthm-]m-k-\-bnepw
hym]-cn-∏n-°-W-sa-∂mWv krjvSnI¿Ømhv Dt±-in-®n-cn-°p-∂-
Xv. AXn-\m¬ Ah≥ CkvemanI amXr-Ibv°p A\p-cq-]-amb
i‡n-Ifpw hnIm-cß - fpw a\p-jy\p {]Zm\w sNbvXn-cn-°p-Ib
- m-W.v
{]kvXpX ssZh-h-N-\-ß-fpsS khn-kvX-c-amb hymJym-\-
Øn\p ChnsS kuI-cy-an-√. Ipd-s™mcp hnh-cWw H∂mw
tNmZy-Øn-\p≈ DØ-c-Øns‚ aq∂m-asØ L´-Øn¬ tN¿Øn-
´p-≠v. AXn-\m¬, a\p-jy\v \evI-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂ B¥-chpw
_mly-hp-amb Ah-bh - ß
- fpw t_m[-i‡
- n-If - p-sa√mw Ckveman-
Im-Z¿i-Øn\p A\p-tbm-Py-am-sW∂ kwKXn am{Xw ChnsS
Npcp-°-Øn¬ hni-Zo-I-cn®p sIm≈mw. a\p-jys‚ _mlyhpw
B`y-¥-c-hp-amb i‡n-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂-Xm-bm¬ Ah-
bpsSsb√mw ]c-a-{]-tbm-P\w ssZhsØ Adn-bp-Ibpw Bcm-
[n-°p-Ibpw kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I-bm-sW∂p t_m[y-am-
Ip-∂-Xm-Wv. AXn-\m-et{X a\p-jy≥ sFlnI Pohn-X-Øn¬
hnhn-[ß- f
- mb hym]m-cß - f
- nepw ]cn-{i-aß
- f- nepw G¿s∏-Sp-Ibpw
Fs¥√mw kpJ kuI-cy-ßƒ e`n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXm-epw, ssZh-
Øn-e-√msX as‰m-∂nepw Ah\p B bYm¿∞ kpJw A\p-`-
h-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-∂X
- v. tImSo-iz-ct\m h¿ØI {]am-Wntbm a{¥n-
]pw-Kh
- t\m cmPm-[n-cm-Pt\m alm-Zm¿i-\n-It\m Bbn-cp-∂mepw
Ah≥ euIn- I - a mb sI´p- ] m- S p- I - f n¬ IpSpßn HSp- h n¬
ZpxJm¿Ø-\mbn PohnXw shSn-bp-∂p. tkz—-Iƒ°p hi-K-\mbn
{]]-©m\p-cm-KØ - n¬ ebn-°pI \nanØw Ahs‚ A¥xIcWw
Ahs\ imkn-°p-∂p. sFlnI hym]m-cß - f- psS hnPb {]m]vXn-
°p-th≠n Ah≥ ssIs°m≠ Ip\-bw, h©-\, A{Iaw XpS-
ßnb Aaw-Kf I¿Ω-ß-fn¬ Ahs‚ a\x-km£n A\p-Iq-en-
°m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ AXp Ahs\ Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.
{]kvXpX hnj-bsØ as‰mcp {]Im-cØ - nepw \ap°p ho£n-
°mw. Hcp P¥p-hn\p ]c-am-h[n sNøp-hm≥ Ign-bp∂ Imcyw
AXp sNøp-Ibpw AXn¬°hn™p H∂pw sNøm≥ Ign-bmsX
AX-hnsS \n∂p t]mhp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-sh-¶n¬, B A¥na
Imcy-amWv AXns‚ PohnXw sIm≠p≈ ]c-a{- ]-tbm-P\w F∂p
a\-n-em-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. DZm-l-c-W-am-bn, Fcp-Xn-s\-s°m-
≠p≈ ]c-a-{]-tbm-P\w \new Dgp-Itbm Irjn \\-bv°p-Itbm
`mcw hen-°p-Itbm BIp-∂p. CXn-ep-]-cn-bmb Hcp i‡n A-
Xn-\p-≈-Xmbn sXfn-bp-∂n-√. AXn-\m¬ C∏-d-™Xp Xs∂-
bmWv Imf-bpsS PohnXw sIm≠p≈ ]c-a{- ]-tbm-P\ - w. F∂m¬,
a\p-jys‚ i‡n-I-fn¬ AXyp¬°r-jvS-amb i‡n-tb-sX∂p
]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂-Xm-bm¬, AXp k¿t∆m-∂-X-\mb krjvSn
I¿Øm- h ns\ Bcm- b p- ∂ - X n- \ p≈ t_m[- i - ‡ n- b m- s W∂p
ImWmw. Cu i‡n Ah-s\, X\n-°mbn H∂pw tijn-∏n-°m-
Xn-cn-°p-amdv k¿∆hpw ssZh-Øn¬ A¿∏n®p sIm≠p ]q¿Æ-
ambpw ssZhm-\p-cm-K-Øn¬ ebn-∏n-°p-hm≥ ]cym-]vX-am-Ip-∂p.
DÆp-I, Dd-ßp-I XpS-ßnb imco-cnI [¿Ω-ß-fn¬ Ah≥ CXc
Pohn-Iƒ°p Xpey≥ am{X-am-Wv. F∂m¬, Nne Pohn-Iƒ Ic-
Iu-i-e-Øn¬ Ahs\ AXn-i-bn-°p-∂p-≠v. Aev]-{]m-Wn-bmb
tX\o® ]e-Xcw ]q°-fn¬\n∂p ksØ-SpØp hnin-jvS-amb
tX\p-≠m-°p-∂p; F∂m¬, _p≤nPohn-bmb a\p-jy≥ \mfn-Xp-
hsc Cu hyh-km-b-Øn¬ hnP-bn-®n-ń-√. Cßs\ a\p-jys‚

]q¿ÆX Cu Zriy-hn-j-b-ß-fn-sem-∂p-a-s√∂pw ssZssh-Iy-
{]m-]vXn-bn¬ am{X-am-sW∂pw ImWmw. AXn-\m¬, a\p-jys‚
lrZ-b-tK-l-Øns‚ IhmSw ssZh-Øn\p t\sc Xpd-∂n-SpI
F∂-XmWv Ahs‚ Pohn-X-Øns‚ bYm¿t∞m-t±-iyw.
e£y-{]m-]vXn-°p≈ A„am¿§w
Cu Dt±iyw km[n-°p- ∂- sX-ßs\, AXn-\p≈ am¿§-ß-
tfh? F∂ hnj-bsØ \ap°n\n {]Xn-]m-Zn-°mw. Cu e£y-
{]m-]vXn-°p≈ {]Y-ahpw {][m-\-hp-amb am¿§w, ssZhsØ
icnbmw hÆw Adn-bp-Ibpw Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂ kXy-ssZ-h-Øn¬
hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-Ib - m-Ip-∂p. Hcp-h≥ Cu {]Y-a]
- Z- Ø
- n¬
Xs∂ ]ng-°p-I-I-bpw, ]£n-sbtbm arK-sØtbm a\p-jy-k-
¥m-\-sØtbm {]IrXn hkvXp-hn-s\tbm ssZh-ambn IcpXn
hniz- k n- ° p- I bpw sNøp∂ ]£w Ahs‚ c≠m- a sØ
Im¬sh∏v t\¿h-gn-bn-em-bn-cn-°p-sa∂p hnNm-cn-°m-hp-∂-sX-
ßs\? \nXy-\mb kXy-ssZhw bYm¿∞\ne-bn¬, Xs∂
At\z-jn-°p-∂-h¿°p klmbw \evIp-∂p. F∂m¬, Poh-N-e-
\-an-√mØ arX-\mb ssZh-Øn\v arX-{]m-b-cmb tkh-Isc
klm-bn-°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-I-bn-√. Cu hkvXp-Xsb hnip≤
Jp¿-B≥ D]-am-cq-]-Øn¬ DZm-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn-ß-s\-bmWv:
""k¿∆- i - ‡ - \ mb kXy- s sZ- h - a t{X bYm¿∞- Ø n¬

{]m¿∞-\-°¿l≥; Ahs\ IqSmsX A\ysc hnfn®p {]m¿∞n-
°p-∂-h¿°p B {]m¿∞n-X¿ Hcp-Ø-chpw \evIp-∂n-√. Ah-
cpsS DZm-l-c-Ww, kz¥w hmbn¬ sh≈w Ib-dn-s®-√p-∂-Xn\p
AXn-t\mSp ssI\oń A¿∞n-°p-∂-h-s‚Xpt]mse-bm-Ip-∂p.
F∂mtem Pew Ahs‚ hmbn¬ FØp-I-bn-√, \n›bw. kXy-
kz-cq-]-\mb ssZh-sØ-°p-dn®p Adn-bmsX Ir{Xna ssZh-ß-
fn¬ hniz-kn®v {]m¿∞n°p∂-h-cpsS {]m¿∞-\-Iƒ A]-Y-Øn-
em-Ip∂p; hy¿∞-am-Ip∂p''(13:15).
Pohn-tXm-t±iyw km[n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ c≠m-asØ am¿§w

ssZh-Øns‚ ]cn-]q¿Æ-amb kuµcy alm-fly-sØ-°p-dn®p
Adn-™n-cn-°p-I-sb-∂-Xm-Wv. kuµcyw {]Ir-Xym-Xs∂ lrZ-
bsØ BI¿jn-°p-Ibpw t{]asØ A¶p-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-
∂-Xn\p ]cym-]vX-a-s{X. ssZh-Øns‚ kuµ-cy-a-lna Ahs‚
GI-Xz-Ønepw {]`m-h-Ønepw ]mh-\-Xz-Ønepw a‰p¬°rjvS
KpW-ß-fnepw ÿnXn sNøp-∂p. Cu hnj-b-Øn-te°v hnip≤
Jp¿-B≥ \ΩpsS {i≤sb BI¿jn°p-∂Xp t\m°pI:
""ssZhw XØz-Ønepw KpW-Ønepw amlm-fly-Ønepw GI-am-

{X-\m-Ip-∂p. Ah\p Hcp ]¶m-fn-bp-an-√. k¿∆hpw BcpsS klm-
bsØ B{i- b n®p h¿Øn- ° p- ∂ p- t hm, Hmtcm AWphpw
AXns‚ Poh≥ Bcn¬\n∂p kzoI-cn-°p-∂p-thm, B¿ H∂n¬
\n∂pw klmbw kzoI-cn-t°-≠m-Ø-h-\mbn kI-e-Øn\pw
B{i- b - ÿ m- \ - a m- b n- c n- ° p- ∂ pthm B k¿∆m- [ n- \ mY\t{X
ssZhw. Ah≥ Bcp-sSbpw ]nXm-h√; Bcp-tSbpw ]p{X-\p-a-√;
Fs¥-∂m¬ Ah\v kZr-i-\mbn Bcp-an√'' (A≤ymbw:112).
hnip≤Jp¿-B≥ Cß-s\-bp≈ hmIy-ßf - m¬ ssZh-Øns‚ ]cn-
]q¿Æ-amb kuµcy aln-a-sbbpw {]`m-h-sØbpw h¿Æn®p
sIm≠p a\p-jy-cpsS {i≤sb k¿∆-i-‡n-am-\mb GIssZh-
Øn-tebv°v Xncn-°p-Ibpw arX-{]m-b\pw Zp¿_-e\pw \n¿±-b\pw
i‡n-lo-\-\p-amb k¶¬] ssZh-sØ-sb√mw _ln-jvI-cn-°p-
hm≥ t{]cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
PohnX e£yw {]m]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ aq∂m-asØ am¿§w
ssZh-Øns‚ KpW-a-lm-fly-ß-sfbpw A\p-{K-l-ß-sfbpw Ipdn-
®-dn-bp-I-bm-Ip-∂p. kuµ-cyhpw k¬Kp-Whpw kvt\lsØ
D¬]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ c≠p t{]c-I-ß-fm-W-t√m. ssZh-
Øns‚ A\p- { K- l - I - c - ß - f mb KpW- a m- l m-- fl y- ß - f psS Hcp
kwt£]w Jp¿-B-\nse {]Y-am-≤ym-b-amb kqdx-^m-Xn-l-bn¬
ImWmw. AXn-{]-Im-c-amWv:
""kIe
temI-ß-fp-sSbpw {k„mhpw ]me-I\pw c£n-Xm-hp-amb ssZh-
Øn-∂t{X k¿∆-kvtXm-{X-hpw. Ahs‚ Imcp-Wyhpw A\p-{K-
lhpw \no-a-am-Ip-∂p. Ah-\mWv {]Xn-êw \evI-s∏-Sp∂
Znh-k-Øns‚ k¿∆m-[n-]≥.'' ssZhw \mkvXn-bmb Ah-ÿ-
bn¬\n∂v a\p-jyscbpw CXc kr„n-I-sfbpw D¤-hn-∏n®p
btYm- N nXw ]cn- ] m- e n®p c£n- ® p- t ]m- c p∂p F∂- X n- e mWv
Ahs‚ A\p- { K- l - ] q¿ÆX ÿnXn- s N- ø p- ∂ - X v . Ahs‚
kIehn[ Imcp-Wy-Zm-\-ßfpw Ako-a-amb A\p-{K-l-ßfpw
kr„n-If- n¬ shfn-s∏-ń-cn-t°-≠Xpw Ah-iy-am-Wv. ssZh-Øns‚
Cu A\p- { K- l - ] q¿Æ- X - s b- ° p- d n®v hnip- ≤ - J p¿- B ≥ ]e
Bh¿Øn A\p-kva-cn-∏n®ncn°p∂Xp-Im-Wmw. Hcn-SØv AXv
]d-bp∂p: ""ssZh-Øns‚ A\p-
{K-l-ß-sfbpw ]mcn-tXm-jn-I-ßsfbpw \nßƒ FÆn-°-W-°m-
°p-hm≥ {ian-°p-∂-]£w \nßƒ°v Hcn-°epw Ahsb IW-
°n-Sp-hm≥ km[n-°p-I-bn-√'' (14:35).
km£m¬ Pohn-X-e-£y-Øns‚ D]-eœn-°mbn ssZh-\n¿±n-
„-amb \mem-asØ am¿§w {]m¿∞-\-bm-Ip-∂p. ssZhw hnip-
≤- J p¿B\n¬ ]d- b p- I - b mWv : ""\nßƒ
Ft∂mSv {]m¿∞n-°p-hn≥; Rm≥ \nßƒ°v DØcw \evIp-∂-
Xm-Wv'' (40:61). a\p-jy\v ssZhsØ Ahs‚ klmbw sIm≠-
√msX Xs‚ kz¥w i‡n-ap-tJ\ {]m]n-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-
s√-∂-Xp-sIm-≠mWv {]m¿∞n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°m≥ hnip-≤-Jp¿-
B≥ ASn-°Sn D¬t_m-[n-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
D±n-„-{]m-]vXn°v \nb-X-amb A©m-asØ am¿§w "apPm-
lZ' F∂ "[¿Ω-bXv\w' BIp-∂p. AXm-b-Xv, kz¥w kºm-
Zy-ßsf ssZh-am¿§-Øn¬ hybw sNbvXpw kzi-‡n-Isf ssZh-
]m-X-bn¬ hn\n-tbm-Kn®pw Pohs\ ssZh-\m-a-Øn¬ A¿∏n®pw
_p≤n-sbbpw ⁄m\-ssh-`-h-sØbpw ssZhn-I-[¿Ω-Øns‚
tkh-\m¿∞w D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ønbpw B k¿ss∆-I-I¿Øm-
hns\ At\z-jn-°p-IX - s
- ∂. A√mlp hnip-≤J
- p¿-B\
- n¬ Iev]n-
°p-∂-Xn-ß-s\-bmWv:
""\nßƒ \nß-fpsS [\w-sIm≠pw Poh≥sIm≠pw \nß-fpsS
k¿∆-hn[ Ign-hp-I-fmepw ssZh-am¿§-Øn¬ ]cn-{i-an°phn≥''
(9:41). ""\mw Ah¿°v \evIo-bn-´-p≈-Xns\
AXm-bXv _p≤n-i-‡n, ⁄m\w, hnth-N-\w, hnZy apX-em-b--
sX√mw \ΩpsS hgn-bn¬ hn\n-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-h-ct{X hnP-bn-Iƒ''
(2:4). ""\Ωp-sS -h-gn-bn¬ k¿∆-hn-
t[-\bpw ]cn-{i-an-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-h¿°v \mw \ΩpsS am¿§-
ßƒ ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂-Xm-Wv'' (29:70).
e£y-{]m-]vXn-°p≈ Bdm-asØ am¿§w ÿnc-\n-jvT-bm-
Ip-∂p. AXm-b-Xv, kXy-am¿§m-N-c-W-Øn¬ aSpt∏m £oWtam
Xf¿®tbm ImWn-°m-sX-bpw, Hcp ITn-\-]-co-£-bnepw òcpXzw
Im´m-sXbpw ZrV-Nn-Ø-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn h¿Øn-°p-I-X-s∂. Cu
hnj-b-sØ-°p-dn®v `‡-h-’-e-\mb ssZhw ]d-bp-I-bm-Wv.
""Rß-fpsS c£n-Xmhv kXy-ssZ-h-amb A√m-lp-hmWv

F∂v ]d™v Ir{Xn-a-ssZ-h-ß-sf-sb√mw ]cn-Xy-Pn-°p-Ibpw
A\¥cw ÿnc-\n-jvT-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw AXm-bXv F√m-
hn[ ]co-£m-L-´-ß-fnepw I„m-h-ÿ-I-fnepw ZrV-Nn-Ø-X-
tbmsS h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-h-cn¬ kz¿§-Zq-X-cmb ae-°p-
Iƒ Cdßn ]d-bp∂p: \nßƒ `b-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-hn≥; hyk-\n-
°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-hn≥. adn-®v, \nßƒ kt¥m-jn-°p-hn≥.
\nßƒ°v hmKvZm\w sNø-s∏-ń-´p≈ kz¿§-kp-J-Øn\v \nßƒ
Ah-Im-in-I-fm-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ kt¥m-j-{]-^p-√n-X-cm-bn-cn-
°p-hn≥; Rßƒ Cu Pohn-X-Ønepw ]c-Po-hn-X-Ønepw \nß-
fpsS an{X- ß - f m- W v '' (41:31,32). Cu hN- \ - ß ƒ \sΩ
DZvt_m[n∏n°p-∂-Xv, [¿Ω-hn-izm-k-Øn-ep≈ ÿncX ssZh-
{]o-Xn°v Imc-W-am-Ip-sa-∂m-Wv. hnizm-k-ÿn-cX A¤p-X-Ir-
Xy-sØ-°mƒ D]-cn-bm-b-Xm-sW-∂p-≈Xv F{Xbpw ]c-am¿∞-

am-Wv. \m\m-h-i-ß-fn¬\n∂pw I„-X-Ifpw t¢ßfpw Np‰n-°q-
Sp-Ibpw ssZh-am¿§-Øn¬ Poh\pw A`n-am-\-Øn\pw kº-
Øn\pw lm\n-tb-ev°p-Ibpw kam-[m-\Z- m-bI - a
- mb Hcp Imcyhpw
Bk-∂-am-hm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw Bizm-k-\n-Zm-\-amb Bfl-Z¿i-
\tam shfn-]mtSm ssZh-Øns‚ ]co-£-sb-∂-\n-e-bn¬ \ne-
®p-t]m-hp-Ibpw `b-¶c- a
- mb A\p-`h- ß
- ƒ t\cn-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂
Ah-k-c-ß-f-n¬ ss[cy-£bw ImWn-°m-sXbpw òcp-°-sf-
t∏mse ]n¥n-cn-bm-sXbpw hniz-kvX-Xbv°v Cuj¬t`Zw hcp-
Øm-sXbpw kXy-\n-jvTbv°pw ÿnc-\n-›b - Ø- n\pw apdn-th-ev]n-
°m-sXbpw Ffn-a-bnepw A]-am-\-ÿn-Xn-bnepw AXr]vXn
ImWn-°m-sXbpw kz¥w Nph-Sp-d∏ - n-\mbn ]c-kl - m-bsØ {]Xo-
£n-°m-sXbpw ssZh-Øn¬\n-∂p≈ Bizm-k-h-N-\-ß-sf-
t∏mepw Imw£n-°m-sXbpw _elo-\-X-bnepw \n-lm-b-X-
bnepw a\-›m-©eyw ImWn-°p-I-tbm apdp-ap-dp-°p-Itbm sNøm-
sXbpw ssZhm-ò-„Ø - n¬ kwXr-]vX\ - mbn Bfl-Xym-KØ - n-\p≈
k∂-≤-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn ]ptcm-K-an-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pI F∂-XmWv
]cn-]q¿Æhpw ]c-a-hp-amb ÿnc-`-‡n. Cßs\ \m\m-ap-J-amb
]co-£m-L-´sØ hnP-b-]q¿∆w XcWw sNøp∂ ÿnc-`-‡n-
bmWv ssZh-Z¿i-\-Øn\v ]cym-]vX-am-b-Xv. Cu al-Ømb
ÿntcm-’m-l-Øns‚ Bfl-ku-c`yw {]hm-N-I-∑m-cp-sSbpw
kXy-k-‘-cmb alm-]p-cp-j-∑m-cpsSbpw kXy-km-£n-I-fmb
]pWym-flm-°-fp-sSbpw s]mSn-a-Æn¬\n∂v Ct∏mgpw hoin-s°m-
≠n-cn-°p-Ibm-Wv. Cu ÿnc-`-‡n-bmWv ^mØn-l A[ym-bØn-
se Cu {]m¿∞-\m-hm-Iy-Øn¬ kqNn-∏n-°-s∏-ń-cn°p∂Xv.
AXm-bXv:
""A√- t bm
c£n-Xmth! GsXmcp hgnsb A\pKan-°p-∂-Xp-aqew \ns‚
A\p-{Klhpw {]oXnbpw e`y-am-Ip-∂pthm B ÿnc-X-bpsS
am¿§-Øn¬ \o Rßsf \S-Øp-am-dm-t°-W-ta.'' CtX kwKXn
hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\nse as‰mcp {]m¿∞-\m-hm-Iy-Øn¬ kqNn-∏n-
®n-cn-°p-∂Xv ImWpI: ""Rß-
fpsS c£n-Xm-th, I„m-h-ÿ-bn¬ kl-\-Xbpw £abpw D≠m-
Ip-∂-Xn\v \o Rßƒ°v a\--am-[m-\hpw im¥nbpw {]Zm\w

sNøp-Ibpw Rß-fpsS acWw Ckvem-an¬ AXm-b-Xv, ssZh-
ln-Xm-\p-k-c-W-Øn¬ Bbn-Øo-cp-∂-Xn\v Rßsf A\p-{K-ln-
°p-Ibpw sNtø-W-ta'' (7:127).
ZpxJ-ß-fp-sSbpw I„-X-I-fpsSbpw Ah-k-c-ß-fn¬ `‡-h-
’-e-\mb ssZhw Xs‚ {]nb-Zm-k-cpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬ Hcp
tXPv shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-°p-∂p-sh-∂Xv ChnsS A\p-kva-
c-Wo-b-am-Wv. Cu Znhy-{]-Im-iw-sIm≠v {]i-‡-cmbn `hn-°p-I
\nanØw Ah¿ kI-e-hn[ I„m-cn-„-X-Isfbpw kam-[m-\-Nn-
Ø-X-tbmsS t\cn-Sp-∂p. ssZh-am¿§-Øn¬ Xß-fpsS ]mZ-ß-
fn¬ IpSp-ßp-am-dm-Ip∂ irwJ-e-Isf Ah¿ kXy-[¿Ω-Øns‚
a[p-cna \nanØw tkm√mkw kzmKXw sNøp-∂p. `‡-\mb
a\p-jy\v B]-Øp-Ifpw I„-∏m-Sp-Ifpw t\cn-Sp-Ibpw ac-WsØ
A`n-ap-J-ambn ImWp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xm-bm¬ Abmƒ Xs‚
c£n-Xm-hmb ssZh-tØmSv ZpxJ-tam-N-\-Øn-\mbn Bh-em-Xn-
s∏-Sp-Itbm {]m¿∞n-°p-Itbm sNøp-I-bn-√. XZ-h-k-c-Øn¬
I„-Xm-\n-hm-c-W-Øn\pw ZpxJ-tam-N-\-Øn-\p-ambn {]m¿∞n-°p-
I-sb-∂Xv ssZth-„sØ ad-°p-I-bm-Ip-∂p; ]cn-]q¿Æ-amb
ssZh-ln-Xm-\p-k-c-W-Øn\v hncp≤amIp-∂p. bYm¿∞ ssZh-
t{]an I„m-\p-`-h-Im-eØv Xs‚ Imev apt∂m-´-√msX teihpw
]n∂m°w sh°p-∂-X-√. Cu L´-Øn¬ Abmƒ Pohs\ XrW-
h¬K-Wn®v kzmfl-kvt\lw shSn-bp-Ibpw ssZh-Øns‚ C„-
Øn\v ]q¿Æ-ambn hgn-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Ahs‚ {]oXn-sb-am{Xw
Imw£n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Cß-s\-bp≈ `‡-s\-°p-dn®v hnip-
≤-Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-I-bmWv:
""ssZh-Øns‚ {]nb-Zm-k≥ Xs‚ Poh≥ ssZh-am¿§-Øn¬

A¿∏n-°p-Ibpw AXn\v {]Xn-bmbn ssZth„w hmßn-°p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p. Cß-s\-bp-≈-h-cn-et{X ssZhw {]tXy-I-\n-e-bn¬
Zbm-Zm-£n-Wy-ap-f-f-h-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv'' (2:208). Npcp-°-Øn¬,
ssZh-{]m-]vXn-bn-te°v \sΩ \bn-°p-∂-Xn\p ]cym-]vX-amb
ZrV-`-‡n-bpsS AYhm ÿnc-X-bpsS Poh≥ ta¬hn-h-cn-®n-´p-
≈-Xm-Ip-∂p. {Kln-°p-hm≥ a\-p-≈-h¿ {Kln-®p-sIm-≈-s´.
Pohn-X-e£yw {]m]n-°m-\p≈ Ggm-asØ am¿§w ]pWym-

flm-°-fp-am-bp≈ kl-hm-khpw Ah-cpsS DØ-am-Z¿i-ß-fpsS
A\p-I-c-W-hp-am-Ip-∂p. {]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS Bhn¿`m-h-Øn-\p≈
{][m-\m-h-iy-ß-fn¬ H∂v CXpXs∂-bm-Wv. a\p-jy≥ {]Ir-
Xym-Xs∂ amXr-Isb A\p-I-cn-°m-\p≈ {]h-W-X-tbmSp IqSn-
b-h-\-Wv. X∑qew Ah\v ]cn-]q¿Æ-amb Pohn-X-am-Xr-I-bpsS
A\p-I-cWw A\p-t]-£-Wo-b-am-Ip-∂p. ]cn-]q¿Æ-am-XrI Ah-
\n¬ k¬I¿Ωm- k - ‡ nbpw D’m- l hpw h¿≤n- ∏ n- ° p∂p.
D¬°r-„a - m-Xr-Isb A\p-Ic- n-°m-Øh
- ≥ Ae-k\- mbpw {ItaW
k¬I¿Ω-]-Y-Øn¬\n∂pw ]Xn-X-\mbpw `hn-°p-∂p. X∂n-
anØw hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ Cßs\ {]t_m-[n-∏n°p∂p:
""\nßƒ kXym-flm-°-tfmSp kl-h-kn-°p-
Ibpw kl-N-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-hn≥'' (9:119).
""\nßƒ°v aptº A\p-{K-l-e-œn-
bp-≠m-bn-´p-≈-h-cpsS am¿§sØ BN-cn-°p-hn≥'' (^m-Ønl
A[ym-bw).
Pohn-X-e£yw km[n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ F´m-asØ am¿§w,
ssZhØn¬\n∂v ]mh-\-amb Bfl-Z¿i-\hpw t_m[-\hpw e`n-
°p-I-bm-Ip-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ ]cn-ip-≤-k-hn-[-Øn-te-°p≈
k©m-c-]Yw t¢i-`q-bn-jvThpw ZpxJ-]q¿Æ-hp-amb Hcp KqV-
am¿§-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ Bfl-am¿§-Nmcn Cu AZr-„-]-Y-
Øn¬\n∂pw hyXn-Ne - n-°p-Itbm D±n-„{- ]m-]vXn-sb-°p-dn®v `·m-
i-\mbn bm{X XpS-cm-Xn-cn-°p-Itbm sNøp-hm-\n-S-bp-≠v. AXn-
\m¬, ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\mb ssZhw A≤ym-fl-]-Y-Øn¬ k©-
cn-°p∂ Xs‚ `‡s\ bm{Xm-at≤y km¥z-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw
kam-iz-kn-∏n-°p-Ibpw I¿Ωm-k‡n h¿≤n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-
∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ Aew-Ly-amb Cu \nb-X-\n-baw Bfl-am¿§-
Øn¬ k©-cn-°p∂ `‡-cn¬ {]h¿Øn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.
AXm-bXv ssZhw Ahsc Bin¿h-N-\-ß-fmepw shfn-]m-Sp-I-
fmepw Xs‚ ]°¬\n-∂p≈ klm-b-sØ-°p-dn®v t_m[y-s∏-
Sp-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Cß-s\, ssZhn-I-amb Bizm-k-h-N-
\-ß-fm¬ ZrV-a-\kvI-cmbn Ah¿ ]q¿∆m-[nIw hotdm-Sp-IqSn
bm{X XpS-cp-am-dm-Ip-∂p. hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-I-bmWv:
""Ch¿°t{X sFln-I-Po-
hn-X-Ønepw ]mc-{Xn-I-Ønepw ip`-hm¿Ø-Iƒ'' (10:65). e£y-
{]m-]vXn°p klm-b-I-amb thsdbpw Nne am¿§-ßƒ hnip-≤-
Jp¿-B≥ {]kvXm-hn-®n-´p-≠v. Ah-sb-°p-dn®v ChnsS {]Xn-]m-
Zn-°m≥ hnkvXm-c-`bw A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂n-√.
[¿Ω-\n-b-am-\p-k-cWw
sIm≠p≈ êw
\mem-asØ {]iv\w [¿Ω-\n-b-a-ß-f-\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°p-∂-
Xp-aqew a\p-jy\v Cu temIØpw ]c-tem-IØ- p-ap-≠m-Ip∂ ê-
sa-¥m-sW-∂p-≈X - m-Wv. CXn-\p≈ DØcw Hcp-hn-[Ø
- n¬ H∂mw
tNmZy-Øns‚ {]Xn-]m-Z-\-L-´-Øn¬ \evI-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. AXm-b-
Xv, ssZhn-I-amb ]cn-]q¿Æ-[¿Ω-Øns‚ {]tbm-P-\w, Im´m-
fs\ a\p-jy-\mbpw ]ns∂ Ahs\ [m¿ΩnI a\p-jy-\mbpw
HSp°w Bfl-kn-≤n-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb ssZh-`-‡-\mbpw ]cn-W-an-
∏n-°p-I-bm-Ip-∂p.
]cn-]q¿Æ-a-\p-jys‚ KpW-ßƒ
hnin-jy, [¿Ω-im-kv{X-Øn\v a\p-jy-s‚-ta-ep≈ kzm[o-
\-i‡n Ahs‚ Pohn-XsØ \nb-{¥n-°p-I-sb-∂-Xm-Wv. Cu
\nb-{¥-W-Øns‚ ]cn-W-X-^-e-ambn Ah≥ ka-kr-„n-I-fpsS
Ah-Im-i-ßƒ bYm-{Iaw Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw Ah-tcm-Sp≈ s]cp-
am-‰-Øn¬ \oXn, ]tcm-]-Im-c-X, kl-Xm]w F∂o [¿Ω-ßsf
bYm¿lw A\p-h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. X\n°v ssZhw
\evInb ⁄m\-hn-⁄m-\-ß-fnepw kpssJ-iz-cy-ß-fnepw a‰-
\p-{K-l-ß-fnepw A\y-tcbpw bYm-tbmKyw ]¶m-fn-I-fm-°n-
Øo¿°p-∂p. kqcy-s\-t∏mse Ah≥ Xs‚ {]Im-i-k-ºØv
F√m-h¿°pw ]I¿∂p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw N{µ-s\-t∏mse Ah≥
k¿∆-{]-Im-i-tI-{µ-amb ssZh-Øn¬\n∂v kzoI-cn-°p∂ {]`m-
]qcw A\y¿°v sNmcn-™p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ]I-en-
s\-t∏mse Ah≥ {]Im-i-hm-\mbn kXy-Øn-s‚bpw k¬K-Xn-
bp--sSbpw am¿§-ßƒ temI¿°v ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂p. cmhn-
s\-t∏mse _e-lo-\-cpsS Zu¿_-ey-ßs-- fbpw Nm]-ey-ß-sfbpw
ad-®p-sh-°p-Ibpw £oWn-X¿°pw ZpxJn-X¿°pw hn{iaw \evIp-
Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Ah≥ BIm-i-sØ-t∏mse ]c-h-i¿°pw A`-

bm¿∞n-Iƒ°pw ic-Wt- a-Ip-Ibpw Ah-ktcm-NnXw Xs‚ Ir]m-
h¿jw Ah-cn¬ sNmcn-bp-am-dm-hp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. `qan-sb-
t∏mse AXy¥w hn\-b-tØm-Sp-IqSn a‰p-≈-h¿°v kuJyhpw
t£ahpw \evIp-∂-Xn\p kzbw I„-X-Iƒ hcn-°p-Ibpw kI-
e-tcbpw Xs‚ Zm£n-Wym-¶-Øn¬ AW-®p-Iq-´p-Ibpw Ah¿°v
hnhn-[-X-c-Øn-ep≈ Bflo-b-^-e-ßƒ sh®p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p. CuZri-amb ]cn-h¿Ø-\-amWv ]cn-]q¿Æ [¿Ω-\n-
b-aw-sIm-≠p-≠m-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xv. Cu \nb-a-im-kv{X-a-\p-k-cn®v
Pohn-°p∂ Hcp-h≥ {k„m-hn-t\m-Sp≈ Xs‚ I¿Ø-hy-ß-f-\p-
jvTn-°p-∂-Xn\pw ka-kr-„n-I-tfm-Sp≈ Xs‚ [¿Ω-ßƒ ]q¿Æ-
ambpw \nd-th-‰p-∂X
- n\pw Ign-hp-‰h
- \
- m-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. Cß-s\-bp≈
`‡≥ ssZh-t{]-a-Øn¬ ebn®v ka-kr-„n-I-fpsS bYm¿∞
tkh-I-\mbn `hn-°p-∂p. [¿Ω-im-kv{X-a-\p-k-cn-®p≈ PohnXw
Hcp-h\- n¬ ChnsS D≠m-°n-Øo¿°p∂ {]`m-ha - m-Wn-Xv. F∂m¬,
ac-Wm-\-¥cw adp-tem-IØv Ah\v kn≤n-°p∂ ê-am-Is´
ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ BssflIyw B \mfn¬ {]Xy-£-Z¿i-\-cq-]-
Øn¬ A\p-`q-X-am-Ip-sa-∂-Xm-Wv. kXy-hn-izm-k-Øn--s‚bpw
k¬I¿Ωm-k-‡n-bp-sSbpw t{]c-W-bm¬ Ah≥ ssZhm-\p-cm-
K-_-≤-\mbn sNøp∂ ka-kr-„n-tk-h\w kz¿§-Ønse hr£-
ßfpw \Zn-I-fp-ambn cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. hnip-≤-Jp¿-
B≥ 91-˛mw A[ymbØn¬ ]d-bp-I-bm-Wv.
""kqcy-s\-s°m≠pw AXns‚ {]Im-i-sØ-s°m≠pw kqcys\

]n¥p-S-cp∂ (A-Xm-bXv kqcy-\n¬\n∂v {]Imiw kzoI-cn®p
AXn-s\-t∏mse B {]`m-]qcw A\y-cn¬ hnX-cWw sNøp-∂)
N{µ-s\-s°m≠pw kqcys‚ Im¥nsb shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw am¿§-

ßsf sXfn-®p-Im-´p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Zn\-sØ-s°m≠pw A‘-
Imcw ]c-Øp-Ibpw k¿∆-sØbpw Ccp-ń¬ ad-bv°p-Ibpw
sNøp∂ cm{Xnsbs°m≠pw BIm-i-sØ-s°m≠pw X¬kr-
„n-bpsS BZn-Im-c-W-sØ-s°m≠pw `qan-sIm≠pw AXns\ ]c-
∏m-°nb BZn-Im-c-W-sØ-s°m≠pw Bflm-hn-s\-s°m≠pw
AXns\ k¿∆-h-kvXp-°-tfmSpw Xpey-Kp-W-Øn¬ \ndp-Ønb
AXns‚ t{ijvT-X-sb-s°m≠pw kXyw'' (A-Xm-b-Xv, Cu
hkvXp-°-fn-se√mw hy„n-K-X-ambn ImW-s∏-Sp∂ khn-ti-j-
X-I-sf-√mw, ]q¿ÆX {]m]n® a\p-jys‚ Bflm-hn¬ ka-„n-
bmbn kΩn-fn-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ B hkvXp-°-tfm-tcm∂pw
{]tXyIw {]tXy-I-ambn a\p-jy-tem-I-Øn\v sNøp∂ tkh-\-
ß-f-{Xbpw aptº {]kvXm-hn-®-Xp-t]mse B a-\p-tjym-Ø-a≥
H‰bv°v \n¿∆-ln-°p-am-dm-Ip-∂p.) ""C{]-Imcw B¿ Xs‚ Bflm-
hns\ kwkvI-cn-®pthm AXm-b-Xv, kqcy-N-{µm-Zn-I-sf-t∏mse
ssZth-—bv°p hgn-s∏´p a\p-jy-tk-h-\-Øn\v Xp\n-™n-d-
ßntbm Ah≥ tam£w {]m]n-®n-cn-°p∂p; arXyp-hn¬\n∂v
tamN\w t\Sn- b n- c n- ° p- ∂ p'' (91:2˛10). ac- W - Ø n¬\n- ∂ p≈
hnap‡n AYhm Aa-c-Po-hn-Xw-sIm≠v ChnsS hnh-£n-°-s∏-
ń-cn-°p-∂Xv `mhn-bn¬ ]cn-]q¿Æm-flm-hn\v AYhm kn≤-]p-
cp-j\p e`n-°p∂ \nXy-Po-hn-X-am-Wv. CXn¬\n∂v [¿Ω-\n-b-a-
a-\p-k-cn-®p≈ PohnXw aptJ\ `hn-jy-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ {]m]y-am-
Ip∂ {]Xn-^-ew, ssZh-Z¿i-\-am-Ip∂ Blm-cw-sIm≠v \nXy-
ÿn-X-ambn `hn-°p∂ Nnc-RvPo-hn-Xz-am-sW∂v kn≤n-°p-∂p.
ho≠pw {]kvXpX A[ymbw XpS¿∂p-]-d-bp-I-bm-Wv. " GsXm-
cp-h≥ Xs‚ Bflm-hns\ aÆn¬ ]qgvØn AYhm Zpjn-∏n-®p,
AXm-bXv D¬°-r-„-Kp-W-ßƒ kºm-Zn-°p-hm≥ i‡nbpw
{]m]vXnbpw \evI-s∏-ń-cnt° BcmtWm ]q¿Æ-X-Isf km[n-
°msX Aip-≤-Po-hnXw \bn®v Cu temIw shSn-™-Xv, Ah≥
\in-°p-Ibpw Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn®v \ncm-i-\mbnØocp-Ibpw
sNbvXp.'' ho≠pw DZm-l-c-W-cq-t]W XpS-cp∂p: ""Bflm-hns\
Zpjn-∏n® `mKy-lo-\s‚ ÿnXn; "ssZh-Øns‚ HÍw' F∂v
\mam-`n-[m\w sNøs∏´ H´-IsØ shń-ap-dn-th-ev]n-°p-Ibpw
Xß-fpsS \ocp-d-hn¬\n∂v AXns\ IpSn-°p-hm≥ A\p-h-Zn-°m-
Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX kaqZv h¿§-°m-cpsS ÿnXn-tbmSv kZr-

i-am-Ip-∂p'' (91:11,12). Bflm-hns\ ip≤o-I-cn-°mØ Zp¿`-K≥
hmkvX-h-Øn¬ "ssZh-Øns‚ H´-IsØ' apdn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw
Xs‚ \ocp-d-hn¬\n∂v AXn\v sh≈w sImSp-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂-h-\m-Ip-∂p. C{X-bpw-sIm≠v a\-n-em-Ip-∂-Xv, a\p-
jys‚ Bflmhv ssZh-Øns‚ H´-I-am-sW∂pw AXv Ah≥
khm-cn-sN-øp∂ Ahs‚ hml-\-am-sW-∂-Xp-am-Wv. as‰m-cp-{]-
Im-c-Øn¬, a\p-jys‚ lr-Zbw ssZh-am-lm-fly-ß-fpsS {]Xy-
£-X-bv°p≈ ÿm\-am-Ip-∂p. B H´-I-Øns‚ Pohk‘m-c-
W-Øn-\p≈ Pew ssZhm-\p-cm-Khpw ssZh-⁄m-\-hp-a-s{X.
ho≠pw {]kvXpX A[ymbw XpS¿∂p ]d-bp∂p: ""kaqZv H´-
IsØ apdn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw AXns\ Pe-]m-\-Øn¬\n∂v XS-
bp-Ibpw sNbvX-t∏mƒ Ah¿°v \miw `-hn-®p. ssZhw Ah-
cpsS Ip™p-ß-sfbpw hn[-h-am-scbpwIqSn Iq´m-°p-I-bp-≠m-
bn-√'' (91:13-˛16). C{]-Imcw GsXm-cp-h≥ Xs‚ Bflm-hm-Ip∂
H´-IsØ apdn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw AXns‚ ]q¿Æ-X-°p-th≠n {ian-
°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw Pohs‚ sh≈w IpSn-°p-∂X - n¬\n∂v AXns\
XS-bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂pthm Ah≥ \mi-a-S-bp-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw.
kXy-hm-N-I-Øns‚ clkyw
kqcy-N-{µmZn kr„n-h-kvXp-°-sf-s°m≠v ssZhw kXyw
sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ Kl-\-amb Hcp XØz-c-lkyw A¥¿`-
hn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. Cu clkyw {Kln-°m-Ø-Xn-\m-emWv Ckvem-
ans‚ sshcn-I-fn¬ ]ecpw Cu kXy-hm-N-I-ßƒ°v tZmjw
ImWp-I-bp-≠m-b-Xv. ssZh-Øn\v kXy-hm-N-I-Øns‚ Bh-iy-
sa-s¥∂pw Ah≥ kr„n-h-kvXp-°-sf-s°m≠v kXyw sNbvX-
sX-¥n-s\∂pw Ah¿ Bt£-]n-°p-∂p. F∂m¬, Cu tZmj-Zr-
°p-If - psS Adnhv ùan-Ia
- m-bn-cn-°p-∂X
- n-\mepw Ah¿°v kz¿§o-
b-amb ⁄m\-{]-Im-i-an-√m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\mepw ]c-am¿∞-
⁄m\w Ah¿°v {Kln-°m-\m-hp-∂n-√. Cu hnjbw kp{Km-
ly-am-°p-∂-Xn\v kXy-hm-N-I-Øns‚ A¿∞hpw Dt±-iyhpw
H∂m-a-Xmbn Adn-tb-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. km[m-c-W-bmbn Hcp Imcy-
Øn¬ kXyw sNøp-∂-Xns‚ Dt±iyw B kwK-Xn-bpsS sXfn-
hn- t e°v km£yw ImWn- ° p- I - b m- W - t √m. Hcp- h ≥ Xs‚
hmZsØ sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xn\v km£n-sbm-∂p-an-s√-¶n¬, k¿∆-
c-l-ky-ß-sfbpw Adn-bp∂ A¥-cym-anbpw kI-e-Øn\pw {]Y-

a-km-£n-bp-am-bn-cn-°p∂ ssZh-sØ-s°m≠v kXyw sNøp-∂p.
Cu ktXym-®m-c-W-Øn-\p-tijw ssZhw au\w Zo£n-°p-Ibpw
I≈-k-Xy-Øns‚ ê-amb in£ Xs‚-ta¬ ssZhw Ab-°m-
Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sh-¶n¬ Xs‚ hmZ-Øns‚ ]c-am¿∞-
Xsb km£n-Iƒ Ah-cpsS hmsam-gn-I-sf-s°m-s≠-∂-t]m-se,
ssZhw Ahs‚ {]hr-Øn-ap-tJ\ ÿnco-I-cn-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂
\ne-bn-emWv B ktXym-®m-c-I≥ ssZh-Øns‚ km£ysØ
Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬, kr„-h-kvXp-°ƒ°v a\p-jys‚
cl-ky-ßƒ Adn-bp-hmt\m I≈-k-Xy-Øn\v Ahs\ in£n-
°p-hmt\m i‡n-bn-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ Ah\v B hkvXp-°-fn¬
H∂n-s\-s°m≠pw kXyw sNøp-hm≥ ]mSp-≈-X√. X∑qew
ssZh-Øns‚ kXy-hm-N-I-ßƒ°v a\p-jy-cpsS kXy-hm-N-I-
ßƒ°p≈ A¿∞w hnh-£n-°-s∏-Sm-hp-∂-X-√. ssZhn-I-I¿Ωw
c≠p-X-c-Øn-em-sW∂v {]Ir-Xn-bn¬ shfn-s∏´p ImWp∂ Znhy-
\n-b-a-hy-h-ÿ-nXnbn¬\n∂v a\-n-em-Ip-∂p. H∂v, Gh¿°pw
{Kln-°m-hp-∂Xpw A`n-{]m-b-hy-Xym-k-Øn\v hI-bn-√m-Ø-Xp-
amb Xc-Øn¬ {]Xy-£-kn-≤-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. c≠m-a-tØXv
{Kl-W-hn-j-b-Øn¬ A_≤w ]‰m-hp-∂Xpw A`n-{]m-b-ssh-]-
co-Xy-Øn\v CS-bm-hp-∂-Xp-amb Xc-Øn¬ A\p-am-\-kn-≤-am-bn-
cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXn-\m¬, k¿∆-⁄-\mb ssZhw kXy-hm-N-I-
ßƒsIm- ≠ p- t ±- i n- ° p- ∂ Xv Xs‚ {]Xy- £ - I ¿Ω- Ø ns‚
km£yw aptJ\ A\p-am-\k - n-≤m-¥a
- mb AZr-iy-I¿Ω-Øn-te°v
a\p-jy-cpsS {i≤sb £Wn-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn-´m-Ip-∂p.
taep-≤-cn® kXy-hm-N-I-ß-fn¬, {]kvXm-hn-°-s∏´ t]mse
kqcy≥, N{µ≥, Zn\w, cm{Xw, BIm-iw, `qan CXym-Zn-I-fn¬
ap≥Im-Wn® KpW--ß-fps≠∂p≈Xv {]Xy-£-amb hkvXp-X-bm-
W-t√m. F∂m¬, XmZr-i-ß-fmb KpW-ßƒ a\p-jys‚ Bflm-
hnepw ÿnXn sNøp-∂p-s≠∂Xv F√m-h¿°pw Adn-bm-hp-∂-
X-c-Øn¬ {]Xy-£-a-√. AXn-\m¬, ssZhw Xs‚ hy‡-I¿Ω-
ßsf A\p-am-\-kn-≤-amb hkvXp-X-I-fpsS sXfn-hn-te°v
km£y-ambn ImWn-°p-∂p. AXm-b-Xv, a\p-jys‚ Poh-\n¬
ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ KpW-K-W-ßsf Adn-bp-∂-Xn\v kqcy-N-{µm-Zn-
I-fpsS Zr„-[¿Ω-ß-fn¬ hnNn-¥\w sNø-W-sa∂pw At∏mƒ
{]Xy-£-ambn ImW-s∏-Sp∂ KpW-ß-fn¬\n∂v Bflm-hns‚

KpW-ßsf A\p-am-\n-®p-sIm-≈-W-sa∂pw {]kvXpX kXy-hm-
N-I-ßƒ \sΩ DZvt_m-[n-∏n-°p-∂p. hmkvXhw ]d-bp-∂-Xm-
bm¬ a\p-jy≥ Hcp {lkz-tem-I-am-Ip-∂p. Ahs‚ Bflm-hn¬
kakvX {]]-©-Øn-s‚bpw {lkz-cq]w \nKq-l\w sNø-s∏-ń-
cn-°p∂p F∂p ]d-bmw. _mly-{]-]-©-Ønse {KlmZn alm-
tKm-f-ßƒ Ah-bv°p≈ i‡n-hn-ti-j-ßsf Poh-Pm-e-ß-fpsS
tkh- \ - Ø n- \ mbn hn\n- t bm- K n- ® p- s Im- ≠ n- c n- ° p∂p F∂Xv
AX¿°n-X-amb hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. X∑qew D¬°r-„-Po-hn-bmbn
kr„n-a-Ip-S-am-bn-cn-°p∂ a\p-jy≥ ka-kr-„n-Iƒ°v \∑
sNøphm≥ Ak-a¿∞\pw A`m-Ky-\p-am-sW∂v hnNm-cn-°p-∂Xv
bp‡n-k-l-a-√.
kqcy-\n¬ F∂-t]mse a\p-jym-flm-hnepw Hcp tXPv
AY-hm, hnth-I-_p-≤n-bp-sSbpw ⁄m\-Øn-s‚bpw {]Imiw
ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂p-≠v. AXp-aqew Ah\v apgp-tem-Is - Øbpw {]Im-
i-am-\-am-°n-Øo¿°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. N{µ-s\-t∏mse
Ah≥ k¿∆-tX-tPm-tI-{µ-amb ssZh-Øn¬\n∂v Bfl-Z¿i-
\hpw Znhy-sh-fn-]m-Sp-am-Ip∂ {]Imiw kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw am\p-
jy-]q¿ÆX kn≤n-°msX A‘-Im-c-Øn¬ h¿Øn-°p-∂-h¿°v
X¬{]-`m-]qcw hnX-cWw sNøp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. AXn-\m¬,
{]hm-N-I-∏´w shdpw t`mjv°m-sW∂pw k¿t∆m-∂-X-\mb
ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ ZuXyhpw [¿Ω-\n-b-ahpw XØz{KŸ-
hp-sa√mw kzm¿∞X ]pe¿Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ IpX-{¥-am-sW∂pw
]d-bp-∂Xv Xotc _p≤n-]q¿∆-I-a-√.
]I¬ {]Im-i-]q¿Æ-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v kIe am¿§-
ßfpw ]mX-Ifpw Ah-bpsS Db¿®bpw XmgvNbpw Ip∂pw Ipgn-
bp-sa√mw sXfn-™p-Im-Wp-am-dm-Ip∂ {]Im-cw, B≤ym-fl-{]-`-
bpsS Al-m-Ip∂ ]cn-]q¿Æ-a-\p-jys‚ Bhn¿`m-h-Øm¬
F√m am¿§hpw Zr„n-tKm-N-c-ambn `hn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. B k¬]p-
am≥ kXy-Øn-s‚bpw k¬K-Xn-bp-sSbpw D÷z-e-Zn-\-am-bn-cn-°p-
∂-Xn-\m¬ kXym-k-Xy-ßsf th¿Xn-cn®p t\cm-b-am¿§w ImWn-
®p-X-cp-∂p. CtX-{]-Im-cw, cm{Xn-bm-Is´ £oWn-X¿°pw _e-
lo-\¿°pw hn{iaw \evIp∂p F∂Xp {]Xy-£-am-Wv. ]I¬k-
abw the-sNbvXp £oWn-°p∂ sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ \ni-bm-Ip∂

iø-bn¬ hn{i-an-°p-Ibpw kpJ-ambn \n{Z-sIm-≈p-Ibpw sNøp-
∂p. Xs∂-bp-a-√, cm{Xn F√m-h-cp-sSbpw Ip‰-ß-sfbpw Ipd-hp-
Isfbpw ad-bv°p∂ Bh-c-Ww-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. Cu hn[wXs∂
]cn]q¿ÆKpW- ß - t fm- S p- I q- S nb ssZh- Z m- k ≥ temI- Ø n\v
kuJyhpw Bizm-khpw {]Zm\w sNøp-∂-Xm-bn-´mWv Bhn¿`-
hn-°p-∂-Xv. ssZh-Øns‚ t{]am-fl-I-amb `mj-Whpw shfn-
]mSpw kn≤n® B ]pWym-flmhv hnth-I-⁄m-\n-I-fpsS Bflo-
bm-X-¶ßsf \n{K-ln®v Ah¿°v kuJyhpw kam-izm-khpw
\evIp-∂p. alm-_p-≤n-am-∑m¿°p-t]mepw Is≠-Øm≥ km[n-
°mØ Bflo-b-X-Øz-ßfpw ⁄m\-c-l-ky-ßfpw B ssZh-
Zm-k≥ap-tJ\ shfn-s∏-Sp-Ibpw kp{Km-ly-ambn `hn-°p-I-bpw-
sN-øp-∂p. ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ shfn-]mSv a\p-jys‚ hnth-I-_p-
≤nsb Xo£vW-X-c-am-°p-Ibpw AXns‚ \yq\-X-Isf ad-®p-I-f-
bp-Ibpw AXns‚ hogvNIƒ temI--Øn\v shfn-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°m≥
kq£n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. hnth-InIƒ ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚
{]Imiw kn≤n-°p-I-aqew B¥-co-b-amb Xß-fpsS sX‰p-Iƒ
Xncp-Øp-Ibpw ssZh-Øns‚ hnip≤ shfn-]m-Sns‚ klm-b-
Øm¬ temIm-]-hm-Z-Øn¬\n∂p kzbw c£n-°p-am-dm-hp-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p. AXn-\m-et{X Ckvem-an-ep-≠mb Hc-p X-Øz-⁄m-
\nbpw bh-\-Zm¿i-\n-I-\mb tπt‰m (A-^vem-Øq≥)-hn-s\-
t∏mse hn{K-l-Øn\v _en-b¿∏n-°m-Xn-cp-∂-Xv. GXm-Zr-i-amb
{]Im-i-kn-≤n°v `mKy-an-√m-Xn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ tπt‰m sX‰p-[m-c-
W-Iƒ°v hi-K-\mbn `hn-®p. alm-X-Øz-⁄m-\n-bm-bn-cp-∂n´pw
At±-lØ - n\v A\-`n-ej
- W
- o-ba - mb Cu auVyw ]nW-bp-IX - s∂
sNbvXp. F∂m¬, Ckvem-anse XØz-⁄m-\n-Isf CØcw
hnth-I-iq-\y-amb {Inb-I-fn¬\n∂v \ntcm-[n-®-Xv, \_n-\m-b-I¿
lZvdØv apl-ΩZv apkvX-^m(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS D]-Z¿i-\-am-
sW∂ Imcyw \n-tµ-l-a-s{X. Cßs\ ssZh-h-N-\-am-Ip∂
shfn-]mSv cm{Xnsbt∏mse hnth-In-Iƒ°v Hcm-h-c-W-am-bn-Øo-
cp-∂p.
]q¿Æ-X-{]m-]n® ssZh-Zm-k≥ BIm-i-a-fi-e-sØ-t∏mse
ZpxJn-X-scbpw t¢in-X-scbpw Xß-fpsS c£m-—m-b-bn¬ kzoI-
cn®p kam-iz-kn-∏n-°p-∂p. shfn-]m-Sp-≠m-bn-´p≈ `‡-P\w
s]mXp-shbpw ssZh-Øns‚ hcn-jvT-Zm-k-cmb {]hm-N-I-∑m¿

{]tXy-In®pw Xß-fpsS A\p-{K-l-hr-„n-sb, BImiw agsb
F∂-t]mse temI-Øn\v {]Zm\w sNøp-∂p. Xs∂-bp-a-√, B
al-Øp-°-fn¬ `qan-bpsS kz`m-h-hn-ti-j-ßfpw A¥¿`-hn-®n-
cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ah-cpsS hnip-≤n-{]m-]n® Bflm-°-fn¬\n∂v
D¬°r-„-⁄m-\-ß-fp-sSbpw XØz-c-k-ß-fp-sSbpw hr£-i-X-
ßƒ kar-≤-ambn hf¿∂p-h-cn-Ibpw Ah Ah-bpsS ioX-f-—m-
bbpw ê-]p-jv]m-Zn-Ifpw apJm-¥cw temI-Øn\v A\p-{K-l-I-
c-ßf- mbn `hn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. C{]-Imcw {]Ir-Xo-{K-ŸØ
- n¬
{]Xy-£-ambn ImW-s∏-Sp∂ \nb-a-ßƒ A\p-am-\w-sIm-≠p-
am{Xw Adn-bm-hp∂ Kp]vX-{]m-b-amb \nb-a-ß-fpsS k¬`m-
hsØ km£n-°p-∂p. Cu km£y-sØ-bmWv AKm-[⁄ - \
- mb
ssZhw {]kvXpX kXy-hm-N-I-ß-fn¬ D∂-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
t\m°pI! hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\n¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ hN-\-ßƒ
F{X A¿∞-K¿`hpw bp‡n-k-lhpw Bbn-cn-°p∂p! Ah
A£-cm-`ymkw sNbvXn-ń-√mØ B Ac-Wy-hm-kn-bpsS Xncp-
ap-J-Øp-\n∂v ]pd-s∏-´p-h∂ hN-\-a-s{X. AXv ssZh-Øns‚
kXy-hm-Wn-b-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXnse XØz-c-lkyw {Kln-
°p-hm≥ km[n-°msX hnth-In-Ifpw hnZym-k-º-∂-cp-am-sW∂v
]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿ AXns\ Bt£-]m¿l-ambn KWn-°p-am-bn-
cp-∂n-√. Xß-fpsS A]q¿Æ-amb _p≤n-i-‡n-sIm≠v a\-n-
em-°p-hm≥ Ign-bm-Xm-Ip∂ GXv kmc-h-Ømb kwK-Xn-sbbpw
temI¿ Bt£]m¿l-ambn Icp-Xp-I-sb-∂Xv km[m-c-W-am-Wv.
⁄m\-K¿`-amb B XØzw kmam-\y-_p-≤n°v AXo-X-amb
H∂m-sW-∂-Xn-te°v B Bt£-]-\n-cq-]-Ww-Xs∂ km£y-am-
Ip-∂p. AXn-\m-et{X kzkm-a¿∞y-Øn¬ Du‰w \Sn-®p-t]m∂
_p≤n-am-∑m¿IqSn hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\nse kXy-hm-N-I-Øns‚
t\¿°v Bt£]w ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬, Ct∏mƒ
AXns‚ clkyw shfn-s∏-Sp-Ibpw bmYm¿∞yw {]Xy-£-am-
hp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ _p≤n-am-∑m¿°v C\n Bt£-
]-Øn\v hI-bn√; adn-®v, Cu hN-\Ø- n¬ Nn¥n-°p-t¥mdpw Ah¿
B\-µw-sIm-≈p-I-bmWv sNøp-I.
ssZh-t_m-[-\-Øn-s‚bpw Znhy-sh-fn-]m-Sn-s‚bpw Bh-iy-
I-Xbpw kXy-X-sbbpw sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xn\v hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥
as‰m-cn-SØv kXy-hm-NI
- c
- q-t]-W, {]Ir-Xn-bn¬ {]h¿Øn-®p-sIm-
≠n-cn-°p∂ \nb-a-k-ap-®-b-Øn¬\n∂v Hcp km£ysØ D∂-
bn-°p-∂-Xp- Im-WpI:
""hr„nsb {]Zm\w sNøp∂ BIm-i-sØ-s°m≠pw h¿j-P-e-

Øns‚ klm-b-Øn¬ kkym-Zn-Isf ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p∂ `qan-
sb-s°m≠pw kXyw; \n›-b-ambpw Cu Jp¿-B≥ kXym-k-
Xy-ßsf th¿Xn-cn®p ImWn-°p∂ ssZh-h-N-\-am-Ip-∂p. CXv
\nc¿∞tam hy¿∞tam Bbn-´p-≈X - √
- ' (86:12-˛15). AXm-bX - v,
ssZh-hN - \w hy¿∞-ambpw AIm-e-Ønepw A√ shfn-s∏-ń-cn-
°p-∂-Xv. AXv lnX-Im-e-Øp-≠m-Ip∂ ag-sb-∂-t]mse bYm-
Im-eØv Bhn¿`-hn-®n-´p-≈-Xm-Ip-∂p. Chn-sS, k¿∆-i-‡-\mb
ssZhw Xs‚ hN-\-amb hnip-≤-Jp¿-Bs‚ kXy-Øn-te°v
{]kvXpX kXy-hm-N-I-cq-t]-W, {]Ir-Xn-bnse Hcp {]Xy-£-\n-
b-a-sØ-bmWv km£y-ambn D∂-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Imtem-Nn-
Xambpw lnXm-\p-kr-X-ambpw BIm-i-Øn¬\n∂v ag-bp-≠m-
Ip∂p F∂Xv {]Ir-Xn-bn¬ \mw I≠p-h-cp∂ \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-
bm-W-t√m. `qan-bn¬ ImWp-am-dm-Ip∂ ]®-fn-∏n\pw Xg-∏n\pw
B{i-b-am-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv h¿j-P-e-am-Ip-∂p. BIm-i-Øp-\n∂v ag-
bp-≠m-Ip-∂n-s√-¶n¬ {ItaW InW-dp-I-fn¬ sh≈w h‰n-t∏m-
Ip-∂p. Cßs\ `qan-bnse sh≈-Øn\pw h¿j-P-e-Øn\pw
XΩn¬ Hcp _‘hpw BI¿j-W-hp-ap-s≠-∂p-Im-Wmw. AXp-
sIm-≠p-X-s∂-bmWv ag s]bvXm¬ InW-dp-I-fn¬ sh≈w
s]m¥n-h-cp-∂-Xv. Fs¥-∂m¬, BIm-i-Øp-\n-∂p≈ h¿j-Pew
`qan-bpsS ASn-bn-ep≈ sh≈sØ apI-fn-te°v BI¿jn-®p-
sIm-≠p-hc - p-∂p. CØ-cØ- n-ep≈ Hcm-I¿j-Whpw _‘-hp-amWv
ssZh-t_m-[-\-Øn\pw hnth-I-_p-≤n°pw XΩn-ep-≈-Xv. ssZh-
t_m-[\w kz¿§o-bP - e
- hpw hnth-I_
- p≤n ùan-IP - e
- h
- p-am-sW∂v
]d-bmw. `qan-bnse sh≈w Ft∏mgpw ag-sh-≈w-sIm-≠mWv
\n¿Ω-e-ambn \ndp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. AXp-t]m-se, kz¿§o-b-k-en-
e-am-Ip∂ ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ shfn-]mSv \ne-®p-t]m-Ip-∂-]£w
ùan-I-P-e-am-Ip∂ hnth-I-_p≤n ipjvIn-®p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv.

ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ kzoI¿Øm-hmb kXym-flm-hns‚ BK-a-
\w-sIm-≠-\p-Krlo-X-am-ImsX Hcp Zo¿L-Imew Ign-™p-t]m-
Ip-∂X- m-bm¬ h¿j-Pe - Ø - ns‚ A`m-hØ - m¬ `qan-bnse sh≈w
h‰n aen-\a- m-bn-Øo-cp-∂{- ]-Imcw a\p-jys‚ _p≤nbpw ⁄m\hpw
Zpjn-®p-t]m-Ip-∂p.
{]kvXpX kwKXn kp{Km-ly-am-Ip-∂-Xn\p \_n-\m-b-I¿
(k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Bhn¿`m-h-Øn-\p-aptº A⁄m-\hpw
A[¿Ω-hpw-sIm-≠v- A-‘-Imcabambn-°n-S-∂n-cp∂ temIsØ
H∂v {]Xy-h-tem-I\w sNbvXm¬ aXn-bm-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv. Cukm-\-
_n-bpsS BK-a-\-Øn-\p-tijw At∂bv°p Bdp \q‰m≠v Ign-
™n-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw C{Xbpw Zo¿L-Im-e-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ ssZh-
{]-t_m-[\w kn≤n® Hcp ]cn-jvI¿Ømhpw {]Xy-£-s∏-ń-cp-
∂n-√. X∑q-ew, temI-Øn-seßpw A‘-hn-izm-khpw A\m-Nm-
chpw Du¿÷n-X-ambn `hn-®n-cp-∂p. Xncp-\_n lZvdØv apl-
ΩZv apkvX-^m(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Ah-Xm-c-Im-eØv s]mXpsh
temI-Øns‚ ÿnXn C{]-Imcw AXnZb\obam-bn-Øo¿∂n-
cp∂p F∂v kIe cmPy-N-cn-{X-ßfpw km£yw hln-°p-∂p.
Cu timNym-h-ÿ-bpsS Imc-Ww, Hcp \o≠-Im-e-tØmfw ssZh-
t_m-[-\-Øns‚ BK-a\w \ne-®p-t]m-b-X-√msX as‰m-∂p-am-bn-
cp-∂n-√. A∂v kz¿§-cmPyw `cn-®n-cp-∂Xv _p≤n-i-‡n-am-{X-am-
bn-cp-∂p. ssZh-{]-t_m-[-\-Øns‚ {]Im-i-ta-ev°m-Xn-cp∂
A]q¿Æ-amb _p≤n-bm-Is´ P\-ßsf ]e A_-≤-h-gn-I-fn-
te°pw NmSn-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. C{]-Imcw ssZh-{]-t_m-[-
\-am-Ip∂ h¿jw Hcp Zo¿L-Im-et- Ømfw D≠m-Im-Xn-cp-∂t- ∏mƒ
_p≤n-i-‡n-bm-Ip∂ sh≈w h‰n-t∏m-hp-I-bp-≠m-bn. ssZhw
kXy-hm-N-I-cq-t]W Cu {]Ir-Xn-\n-b-a-sØ-°p-dn®v \sΩ
DZvt_m-[n-∏n-°p-Ibpw `qan-bn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp∂ lcn-X-h¿Æ-
Øn\pw ê-k-ar-≤n°pw Ah-ew-_-am-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv BIm-i-
Øn¬\n-∂p≈ h¿j-P-e-am-Ip∂p F∂ imiz-Xhpw kv]„-hp-
amb \nb-a-Øn-te°v \ΩpsS {i≤sb £Wn-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-
∂-Xv. {]Ir-Xn-bnse Cu {]Xy-£-amb \nb-aw, ]tcm-£hpw
A\p-am-\-kn-≤-hp-amb ssZh-h-N-\m-K-a-\sØ kw_-‘n® \nb-
a-Øn-te°v Hcp km£y-am-Ip-∂p. CXn¬\n∂v _p≤n-i-‡n-sb-

am{Xw \mw GI-am¿§-Z¿i-Iambn Icp-Xm-hp-∂-X-s√∂v kn≤n-
°p-∂p. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬, AXv ssZht_m-[\ - a- m-Ip∂ kz¿§o-
bP-e-Øns‚ kº¿°w IqSmsX \n¿Ω-ehpw ]cn-ip-≤-hp-am-
bn-cn-°p-∂X- n\v ]cym-]vXa- mb sh≈-a√- . BIm-iØ - n¬\n-∂p≈
h¿j-Pew InW-dp-I-fn¬ ]Xn-®mepw Cs√-¶nepw ASn-bn¬ InS-
°p∂ sh≈sØ AXv ta¬t∏m´v s]m°n-s°m-≠p-h-cp∂p
F∂Xv AXns‚ kz`m-h-hn-ti-j-am-Wv. C{]-Imcw ssZh-{]-_p-
≤-\mb kXym-flm-hns‚ Bhn¿`m-h-Øn¬, _p≤n-am-∑m¿ At±-
lsØ A\p-K-an-®mepw Cs√-¶nepw P\-ß-fpsS _p≤n-i‡n
A`q-X-]q¿∆-amw-hn[w Xo£vWhpw \n¿Ω-e-hp-ambn `hn-°p-am-
dm-Ip-∂p. Ah¿ kztah kXym-t\z-jWw sNbvXp XpS-ßp-∂p.
Ah-cpsS Nn¥m-i-‡nbv°v Fs¥-∂n-√mØ Hcp Ne\w ImWp-
am-dm-Ip-∂p. GXm-Zr-ia- mb _p≤n-hn-Im-khpw ssNX-\ym-th-ihpw
Hu’p-Iyhpw ssZh-k-tµi kzoI¿Øm-hmb B t{ijvT-]p-cp-
js‚ A\p-Kr-lo-X-amb ]mZ-hn-\ymkw sIm≠p-≠m-Ip-∂-Xm-
Ip-∂p. AXn-\m¬, temI¿ s]mXpsh aX-XØ - zm-t\z-jW - Ø
- nepw
hnN-¥-\-Ønepw hym]r-X-cmbn ImW-s∏-Sp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬˛ hmN-
Im-¥-tcW ]d-bp-∂-Xm-bm¬, ùan-I-P-e-Øn\v Ne-\hpw {]hm-
lhpw D≠mbn ImWp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬˛ BIm-i-Øn-¬\n∂v
Dut°-dnb Pe-h¿jw D≠m-bn-´p-s≠∂pw ssZh-{]-t_m-[-\-am-
Ip∂ Zo]-b„n GtXm Hcp kXy-]p-cp-js‚ lrZ-b-tK-l-Øn¬
sImfp-Ø-s∏-ń-´p-s≠∂pw [cn-®p-sIm-t≈-≠-Xm-Wv.
ssZh-⁄m-\-kn-≤nbv°p≈
am¿§-ßƒ
ssZh-⁄m-\-{]m-]vXn-bv°p≈ am¿§-ß-sf-s¥-√m-sa-∂-
XmWv A©m-asØ {]iv\w. Cu hnj-bsØ hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥
khn-kvXcw {]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-´p-s≠-¶nepw AXn-s\-°p-dn®v ChnsS
hnh-cn-°m≥ \nhr-Øn-bn-√m-ØX - n-\m¬ Rm≥ Ign-bp-∂Xpw Npcp-
°n-{]-kvXm-hn-®p-sIm-≈mw. "XIm-kp¿' F∂ A[ymbsØ
hymJym-\n-®p-sIm≠v aptº Hcn-SØv tN¿Øn-cp∂ hnh-c-W-
Øn¬ ImWn® {]Im-cw, hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ ⁄m\-]-≤-Xnsb

"C¬ap¬b-Jo≥' (A-\p-am-\-⁄m-\w) F∂pw "sF\p¬b-Jo≥'
(Z¿i-\-⁄m-\w) F∂pw "lJvJp¬b-Jo≥' (A-\p-`-h-⁄m-\w)
F∂pw aq∂mbn hn`-Pn-®n-cn-°p-Ib - m-Wv. Hcp ÿeØv ]pI-am{Xw
I≠n´v AhnsS Xobp-s≠∂v \mw A\p-am-\n-°p∂ {]Imcw
\map-t±-in® Imcyw as‰m-∂ns‚ Ah-ew_w aptJ\ A\p-am-
\n®p ZrV-t_m[w hcp-Øp-∂-Xn-\mWv "C¬ap¬b-Jo≥' F∂p
]d-bp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬, \mw Xo IqSn ImWp-∂-Xm-bm¬ \ap°v
AXns\ kw_-‘n-t®-S-tØmfw "sF\p¬b-Jo≥' AYhm Z¿i-
\-⁄m\w kn≤n-°p-∂p. Ah-km-\-am-bn, B Xo ssIsIm≠p
sXm´p-t\m-°p-∂X - p-aqew \ap-°p-≠m-Ip∂ A\p-`h - ⁄
- m-\Ø
- n\v
lJvJp¬b-Jo≥ F∂p ]d-bp-∂p. Cu t_m[-ßs - f-°p-dn®v {]Xn-
]m- Z n- ° p∂ "XIm- k q¿' F∂ A[ym- b Øns‚ hymJym\w
A\y{X tN¿Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ AXn-s\-°p-dn®v ChnsS hnh-
cn-°p-∂n-√.
{]Y- a - L - ´ - a mb A\p- a m- \ - ⁄ m- \ - Ø n- \ p≈ D]m- [ n,
bp‡nbpw {ipXn-bp-am-Ip-∂p. \c-Ih - m-kn-Isf kw_-‘n®v hnip-
≤-Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-I-bmWv:
""Ah¿ ]dbpw
Rßƒ _p≤n-am-∑m-cmb XØz-Nn-¥-I-∑m-cp-sSbpw ⁄m\n-I-
fp-sSbpw hm°p-Iƒ {i≤n-°p-I-tbm, Rßƒ \√hÆw Nn¥n-
°p-∂-h-cmbn aX-hn-izm-k-{]-am-W-ßsf bp-‡n-]q¿∆w ]cn-tim-
[n-°p-Itbm sNbvXn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Rßƒ \c-I-hm-kn-I-fpsS
Iq´-Øn¬s∏-Sp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√' (67:17). CtX A¿∞sØ kqNn-
∏n- ° p∂ as‰mcp hmIy- a n- X m- W v .
""ssZhw Hcm-flm-hn-s\bpw AXns‚ t_m[-i-‡n-bn¬ Ihn-
™p≈ H∂pw kzoI-cn-°m≥ tlan-°p-∂n-√'' (2:287). AXm-b-
Xv, ssZhw a\p-jys\ £Wn-°p-∂Xv Ahs‚ _p≤n-bnepw
Adn-hnepw AS-ßp∂ hnizm-k-Øn-se°pw XØz-kw-ln-X-bn-
se-°p-am-Wv. Ah\v Zp¿∆-l-amb Hcp `mchpw Ah-\n¬ ssZhw
Npa-Øp-∂n-√. icn-bmb hm¿Øm-\n-th-Z-\hpw {ipXnbpw aptJ\
Hcp-h\v \n›-b-⁄m\w kn≤n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-sW∂pw {]kvXpX
Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-ßƒ a\-n-em-°n-Ø-cp-∂p-≠v. Zr„m-¥-am-bn,
e≠≥]-´Ww I≠n-ń-s√-¶nepw Aßs\ Hcp ]´-W-ap-s≠∂v

\mw tI´-dn™p hniz-kn-°p-∂p-ht- √m. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬, B
]´Ww I≠-h-cp-sS-sb√mw hm°p-Isf \ap°v hni¶n-°p-hm≥
\n¿∆m-l-an-√. AXp-t]m-se-X-s∂, Hudw-K-tk_v N{I-h¿Øn-
bpsS ImeØv \mw Pohn-°p-Itbm At±-lsØ ImWp-Itbm
sNbvXn-ń-s√-¶nepw At±lw C¥y `cn® apKƒ cmPm-°-∑m-
cn¬ Hcm-fm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂ hkvXp-Xsb \mamcpw kwi-bn-°p-
∂p-an-√. Cu \n-tµ-l-amb t_m[-Øn-\p-Im-cWw \nc-¶p-i-
amb _e-{ipXn am{X-am-W-t√m. Cß-s\, Hcp hkvXp-X-bp-sS
bmYm¿∞yw kw_- ‘ nt®m AXns‚ kØ- s b- ° p- d nt®m
\n¿t±m-j-amb {ipXn-ap-tJ\ ZrV-hn-izmkw kn≤n-°m-hp-∂-X-
mWv. ssZh-\n-izm-kn-X-amb [¿Ω-{K-Ÿ-ßƒ-˛-{]-hm-N-I-Ir-Xn-Iƒ-
˛-]-c-º-cbm ssIam-dn-h∂ am¿§w \n¿t±m-jhpw \ncm-t£-]-hp-
am-sW∂v hcp-In¬ AXp-Ifpw ⁄m\-kn-≤n°v ]cym-]vX-ß-
fm-Wv. F∂m¬, ssZhn-I-{K-Ÿ-sa∂v hnNm-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp aX-
{K-Ÿ-Øn-\v ]c-kv]c hncp-≤-ß-fmb AºtXm Adp-]tXm
]I¿∏p-I-fp-≈-Xn¬ aqt∂m \mtem ]I¿∏p-Isf am{Xw ssZh-
t{]m-‡-ß-fmbn B {KŸm-\p-km-cn-Iƒ AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw
tijn-®-h-sb√mw Ir{Xn-a-ßfpw Iev]n-X-ß-fp-ambn X≈n-°-f-
bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-]-£w, ]q¿Æhpw \n]p-W-hp-amb ]cn-tim-[-
\-bpsS ê-a-√mØ AØcw hnizm-khpw AwKo-Im-chpw
\nc¿∞-I-am-Ip-∂p. AØcw {KŸ-]-I¿∏p-Iƒ Ah-bpsS ]c-
kv]c sshcp≤yw \nanØw Ahn-izm-kyhpw XymPy-hp-am-bn-Øo-
cp-∂p-sh-∂p-thWw ]d-bm≥. Xs∂-bp-a√ At\ym-\y-hn-cp-≤a - mb
{]kvXm-h-\-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb AØcw {KŸ-ßƒ ⁄m\-kn-
≤nbv°v DX-Ip-∂-h-bm-sW∂v Icp-Xp-hm≥ ]mSn-√m-Ø-Xp-am-Wv.
F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬, ]c-kv]-c-hn-cp-≤-amb {]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ Hcn-
°epw ZrV-hn-izmkw P\n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\p ]cym-]vX-am-hp-I-bn-√.
]c-am¿∞-XØzØns‚ {]tbm-P\w \n-tµ-l-amb t_m[hpw
hmkvX-h-amb ⁄m\hpw {]Zm\w sNøp-I-bm-Ip-∂p. At∏mƒ,
]c- k v ] - c - s sh- c p- ≤ y- ß - f psS kam- l m- c - Ø n¬\n∂v \n›- b -
⁄m\w kn≤n-°pI km[y-a-s√∂v Xo¿®-bm-Wv.
hnip- ≤ - J p¿- B ≥ ssIam- d n- h ∂ am¿§w \n¿t±m- j hpw
\n¿_m-[-hp-am-sW∂p am{X-a-√, AXv AXns‚ ]c-am¿∞X
sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xn\v bp‡n-\ym-b-ßƒ ImWn-°p∂ {KŸw IqSn-

bm-sW-∂p≈ hkvXpX {]Ir-X-Øn¬ A\p-kva-c-Wo-b-am-Wv.
B kXy-th-Z-{KŸw AXnse kn≤m-¥-ßsfbpw hnizm-k-{]-
am-W-ß-sfbpw \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-I-sfbpw ssZh-t{]m-‡-am-sW∂
Imc-W-Øm¬am{Xw kzoI-cn-®p-sIm-≈p-hm≥ \sΩ \n¿_-‘n-
°m-sX, Hmtcm kwK-Xn°pw bp‡nbp‡-amb sXfn-hp-Iƒ D∂-
bn-°p-∂p. Cu kwK-Xn-bm-emWv hnip-≤J - p¿-B≥ AXnse F√m
XØz-kn-≤m-¥-ßfpw a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn-bn¬ \n£n-]vX-am-bn-´p-≈-
h-bm-sW∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-I-bmWv:
""Cu A\p-Kr-lo-X-{KŸw \qX-\-amb bmsXm∂pw sIm≠p-h-
∂n-ń-√; F∂m¬, CXv a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn-bnepw hniz-{]-Ir-Xn-bnepw
A¥¿`q-X-amb kwK-Xn-Isf Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp A\p-kvam-c-
Iam-Ip-∂p'' (21:51). as‰m-cn-SØv ]d-bp∂p: ""Cu
aX-Øn¬˛ Ckvemw-a-X-Øn¬˛ \n¿_-‘-a-ti-j-an√'' (2:257).
AXm-b-Xv, AXv AXnse XØzkn-≤m-¥-ßƒ kzoI-cn-°p-∂-
Xn\v Btcbpw \n¿_-‘n-°p-hm≥ Dt±-in-°p-∂n√; kIe kwK-
Xn-Iƒ°pw AXv sXfn-hp-Ifpw bp‡n-\ym-b-ßfpw D∂-bn-°p-
∂p. am{X-a-√, lrZ-b-ßƒ°v {]Imiw \evIp∂ A[ym-fl-i-
‡nbpw AXv kzbw AS-°n-s°m-≈p-∂p-≠v. AXv ]d-bp-Ib - mWv:
" Jp¿-B≥ F√m Bflo-b-hym-[n-Iƒ°p-ap≈
ia-\u-j-[-am-Ip-∂p'' (10:58). AXn-\m¬, Cu hnip-≤-{K-Ÿ-Øn-
\p≈ amlmflyw ]c-º-cbm kn≤n® ]ucm-WnI {KŸ-sa-∂-
\n-e-bv°-√, AXnse kIe XØz-kn-≤m-¥-ßƒ°pw \n¿t±m-
j-amb bp‡n-Iƒ ImWn-°p-Ibpw Zo{]-amb A≤ym-flI
{]Imiw {]k-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ ]hn-{X-{K-Ÿ-sa∂ \ne-
bv°m-Ip-∂p.
CtX-{]-Im-cw-X-s∂, icn-bmb \ne-bn¬ A\p-am-\n-°p∂
bp‡n-\ym-b-ßƒ Hcp-hs\ \n›-b-⁄m-\Øn-te°v \bn-
°p∂p F∂Xv \n-tµ-l-am-Wv. Cu kwK-Xn-sb-bmWv hnip-
≤-Jp¿-B≥ Cu hmIy-ß-fn¬ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
""_p≤n-am-∑mcpw ⁄m\n-Ifpw `qan-bp-sSbpw BImitKmf-ß-

fp-sSbpw kr„n-sb-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw Zn\-cm-{X-ß-fnse
A¥-c-Øn-\p≈ Imc-W-ßsf \nco-£n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ
{]]-©-Øn-seßpw \nd-™p-Im-Wp∂ kwhn-[m-\-Ønepw hyh-
ÿ-bnepw k¿t∆m-∂-X-\mb ssZh-Øns‚ kØsb sXfn-bn-
°p∂ bp‡n-Ifpw \ymb-ßfpw Ah¿°v e`n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.
At∏mƒ, Ah¿ IqSp-X¬ hy‡-am-b -⁄m\w kn≤n-°p-∂-
Xn\v ssZh-tØmSv klm-b-a¿∞n-°p-Ibpw \nev°p-Itbm Ccn-
°p-Itbm InS-°p-Itbm sNøp∂ Ah-ÿ-I-fn-se√mw Ahs\
kvacn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. X∑qew Ah-cpsS _p≤n-i‡n
sXfnhpw shfn- h p- a p- ≈ Xmbn- Ø o- c p∂p. Aßs\ Ah¿
tPymXn¿t§m-f-ß-fpsSbpw `qan-bp-sSbpw ]cn-]q¿Æhpw A\yq-
\-hp-amb kr„n-ssh-Nn-{Xy-sØ-°p-dn®v hnNn-¥\w sNøp-tºmƒ
Ah-bn-se√mw ImWp-am-dm-Ip∂ XnI-hp‰ {Ia-hy-hÿnXn
hy¿∞tam anYytbm As√∂pw bYm¿∞-Øn¬ AXv k¿t∆m-
∂-X-\mb km£m¬ {]]-©-I¿Øm-hns‚ Xncp-apJw {]Xy-
£o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂pw t_m[n-°p-∂p. Cuhn-[-Øn¬ {k„m-
hn-s\-°p-dn®v ⁄m\w kn≤n-°pI \nanØw Ah¿ Ahs\
C{]- I mcw kv t Xm{Xw sNøp∂p; A√tbm RßfpsS
c£nXmth! kI-e-kvtXm-{Xhpw \n\-°s{X; \ns‚ kØsb
\ntj-[n-°p-Itbm \n∂n¬ Atbm-Ky-ß-fmb KpW-I¿Ω-ßƒ
k¶-ev]n-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂-Xn¬\n∂v \o F{Xbpw D]-cn-bm-
bn-cn-°p-∂-h-\m-Wv. \ns∂ \ntj-[n-°pI F∂-Xp-Xs∂ Hcp
\c-I-am-Ip-∂p. bYm¿∞ kpJhpw B\µhpw \n∂nepw \ns‚
⁄m\-Ønepw ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂p. \ns∂ Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ km[n-
°m-Ø-h≥ Cl-Øn¬ sh®p-Xs∂ \c-Im-·n-bn-e-s{X. X∂n-
anØw \o Rßsf \c-Im-·n-bn¬\n∂v c£n-°p-am-dm-tI-Wta!''
(3:191,192).
ssZh-Øns‚ hnip-≤-{K-Ÿ-Øn¬ a\p-jy-{]-IrXn F∂p

\mam-`n-[m\w sNø-s∏-ń-´p≈ A¥x-I-c-Whpw Hcp ⁄mt\m-
]m[nbmIp- ∂ p. A√mlp hnip- ≤ - J p¿- B - \ n¬ ]d- b p- ∂ Xv
ImWpI: ""Znhy- { ]- I r- X n- b n¬
AYhm ]cn-ip-≤-{]-Ir-Xn-bn¬ a\p-jy-sc√mw kr„n-°-s∏-ń-cn-
°p-∂p'' (30:31). a\p-jy-\n¬ {]mh¿Øn-I-ambn ImWp∂ Cu
Znhy-{]-Ir-Xn, ssZhw Hcp Iq´p-Im-c-\p-an-√msX k¿∆-h-kvXp-°-
fp-sSbpw {k„m-hmbn P\-\-a-c-Wm-Xo-X-\mbn GI-\m-bn-cn-°p-
∂-h-\m-sW∂v t_m[n-∏n-°p-hm≥ t{]cn-∏n-°p∂ km£m-Ømb
a\pjy{]IrXn-b-√msX as‰m-∂p-a-√. Cu a\p- j y- { ]- I r- X n-
bn¬\n∂v kn≤n-°p∂ ⁄m\w, ]pIsb kw_-‘n® Adn-
hn¬\n∂v a\v Xosb-°p-dn-®p≈ Adn-hn-te°v hym]-cn-°p∂
Xc-Øn¬˛ Hcp hkvXp-th-Z\w aptJ\ as‰mcp hkvXp-hns‚
A\p-`q-Xn-bp-≠m-Ip-∂-Xp-t]m-se˛ {]Xy-£-Øn¬ A\p-am-\-]-
c-am-bn-´p-≈-X-s√-¶n-epw, kq£va-cq-]-Øn¬ AXn\v A\p-am-\-
Øns‚ Omb-bp-≈-Xp-sIm-≠mWv AXns\ A\p-am-\-⁄m-\-
Øns‚ C\-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. k¿∆-i-‡-\mb
ssZhw Hmtcm hkvXp-hnepw Hmtcm KpW-hn-tijw AS°w
sNbvXn-´p-≠v. B Ahy-‡-Kp-WsØ hm°p-IƒsIm≠v \n¿h-
Nn-°pI km[y-a-√. F∂m¬, \mw B hkvXp-hns\ \nco-£n-
°p-Ibpw kq£va-\n-cq-]Ww \S-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ AXn¬
]tcm-£-ambn ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ KpW-hn-tijw \ΩpsS at\m-Zr-
„n-bn¬ Bhn¿`-hn-°p-∂p. Npcp-°-Øn¬, B KpWw B hkvXp-
hn¬ [qaw A·n-tbm-sS-∂-t]mse A]-cn-t—-Zy-amw-hn[w A\p-
_-‘n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Zr„m-¥-am-bn, \mw ssZh-k-Ø-sb-°p-
dn®v Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw Ah-\p-≠m-bn-cn-t°≠ KpW-hn-ti-j-ßsf
hn`m-h\w sNøp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-]-£w, Ah≥ P\-\-a-c-WmZn
ZpxJ-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-\m-Imtam F∂ hnI-ev]w-t]mepw \ap°v
Ad∏pw shdp∏pw P\n-∏n-°p∂ H∂m-sW∂v ImWmw. ssZh-
sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ AØcw k¶-ev]sØ a\p-jy-{]-IrXn AYhm
A¥x-I-cWw shdp-°p-Ibpw \ncm-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xm-Wv.
A{X-bp-a-√, CuZri-amb ssZh-\n¿h-N\w ]mh-\-amb a\p-jy-
{]-Ir-Xnbv°v _o`-’hpw Ak-ly-hp-ambn tXm∂p-∂-Xp-Iq-Sn-
bm-bn-cn-°pw. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬, \ΩpsS kIe {]Xym-i-I-
fp-sSbpw Bew-_-am-bn-cn-t°≠ k¿∆-i-‡n-am-\mb ssZhw,

kI-e-hn[ hnI-e-X-Iƒ°pw \yq\-X-Iƒ°pw AXo-X-\mbn
k¿∆- K pW kw]q¿Æ- \ mbn k¿∆- ⁄ \m- b n- c n- ° - W - s a∂p
\ΩpsS a\-m£n DZvt_m-[n-∏n-°p-∂p. ssZh-hn-Nmcw \ΩpsS
lrZ-bØ- n¬ D≠m-Ip-∂t- Xm-Sp-IqSn Ahs‚ Znhy-kz-cq]hpw GI-
Xzhpw XΩn¬, [qahpw A·nbpw XΩn-se-∂-t]m-se-sb-∂-√,
AXn-ep-sa-{Xtbm D]-cn-bmb Hc-hn-`mPy _‘-ap-≈-Xmbn
t_m[y-s∏-Sp-∂X- m-Wv. AXn-\m-et{X A¥x-Ic- Ww AY-hm, a\p-
jy-{]-IrXn apJm-¥cw kn≤n-°p∂ Adn-hns\ A\p-am-\-⁄m-
\-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
{]kvXpX ⁄m\-am¿§-Øn¬\n∂v D]-cn-bmb "sF\p¬b-
Jo≥' AY-hm, \n›-bZ- r„n apJm-¥cw e`n-°p∂ ⁄m\w IqSp-
X¬ \n›-b-Zm¿Vy-ap≈ H∂m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. AXm-Is´ Hcp
hkvXp-hns\ kw_-‘n® \ΩpsS Adn-hn\v a[y-ÿ-ambn as‰m-
∂p-an-√msX B hkvXp-hn¬\n∂v t\cn´v kn≤n-°p∂ {]Xy-
£-⁄m-\-am-Ip-∂p. DZm-l-c-W-am-bn, \mw {LmtW{µyw apJm-
¥cw kpK-‘tam Zp¿K-‘tam {Kln-°p-Ibpw ck-t\-{µy-Øns‚
klm-b-Øm¬ a[p-c-Xtbm eh-W-Xtbm a\-n-em-°p-Ibpw
kv]¿ti{µyw aptJ\ DjvWtam ssiXytam Xncn®-dn-bp-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p-h-t√m. Cu Adn-hp-I-sf√mw "sF\p¬b-Jo≥' F∂
hIp-∏n¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-hbmWv. F∂m¬, ]c-tem-IsØ kw_-
‘n® \ΩpsS t_m[w Cu \n›b ⁄m\m-hÿ {]m]n-°p-
∂-Xv, \ap-°p-Xs∂ t\cn´p ssZh-t_m-[\w e`n-°p-Ibpw \mw
Ahs‚ kv]„-amb i–w {ihn-°p-Ibpw Ahs‚ Znhy-amb
shfn-]mSv Z¿in-°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºm-gm-Ip-∂p. Cßs\ ssZh-
Øn¬\n-∂p≈ kv]„-amb t_m[-\w-aq-e-amWv \ap°v ]q¿Æ-
amb ssZh-⁄m\w kn≤n-°p-am-dm-Ip-∂-Xv. Cu ⁄m\-]o-bq-
j-Øn-\mbn \ΩpsS lrZ-bm-¥-c-Øn¬ _e-amb Hcp XrjvW-
bp-≈-Xmbpw ImWmw. Bflob ]n]m-ksb ian-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\m-
bvs°m≠v ssZhw ap≥Iqń am¿§-ßƒ Xøm-dm-°n-h-®n-ń-s√-
¶n¬ Cu Bfl-XrjvW \Ωp-sS- D-≈n¬ Ah≥ \nt£-]n-®-
Xns‚ {]tbm-P-\-sa¥v? ]c-tem-I-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ t£a-Øn\v
\nZm-\-amb sFln-I-Po-hn-X-Øn¬, kXy-kz-cq-]\pw k¿∆-k-
ºq¿Æ\pw k¿∆-i-‡\pw kPo-h-\p-amb ssZhsØ kw_-
‘n®v shdpw ]g-¶-Y-Isf Bkv]-Z-am-°n-bn-´p≈ Hcp s]m´-hn-

izmkw sIm≠v \ap°v Xr]vXn-s∏-Smtam, AtXm ssZh-sØ-
°p-dn®v CXp-hsc A]q¿Æhpw \yq\-hp-amb Hcp t_m[-a-√msX
as‰m∂pw {]Zm\w sNøm≥ ]cym-]vX-a-√mØ bp‡n-]-c-amb
Hc-t\z-jW - Ø - n¬ \mw k¥p-„n-s∏-Sp-Itbm th≠Xv? bYm¿∞
ssZh-`-‡cpw ssZh-t{]-an-Ifpw Xß-fpsS {]mW-{]n-b-\mb B
]cn- i p- ≤ - k - Ø - b psS i–- a m[p- c ysØ Bkz- Z n- ° p- h m≥
Bflm¿∞-ambn B{K-ln-°p-∂nt√? ssZh-Øn-\p-th≠n k¿∆-
kzhpw ]cn-Xy-Pn-°p-Ibpw lrZ-bhpw {]mW\pw Ah-\n¬ A¿∏n-
°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≈-h¿ B kXy-{]-`m-tI-{µ-Øns‚ `mkp-c-
apJw Hcn-°epw Z¿in-°msX aßnb Hcp- sh-fn-®-Øn¬ \ne-
sIm-≈p-hm≥ C„-s∏-Sptam? Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂ ktXy-I-ssZhw
am[p-cy-ta-dnb i–-Øn¬ Xm\p-s≠∂p temIsØ Adn-bn-°p-
I-sb-∂Xv ùXnI XØzhmZn-I-fpsS bp‡n-{]-Z¿i-\-sØ-°mƒ
F{Xbpw al-Ø-c-amb {]t_m-[-\-at√? hmkvXhw ]d-bp-∂-
Xm-bm¬, ssZh-Øns‚ kØsb sXfn-bn-°p∂Xn\v A]q¿Æ-
amb bp‡n-hm-ZsØ am{Xw Bkv]-Z-am°n B XØzhmZn-Iƒ
Na® IrXn-I-sf√mw Hcp hiØpw ssZhw D≈-h-\m-sW∂v
ImWn-°p∂ "A\¬au-PqZv' F∂ Ahs‚ kv]„-amb hN\w
adp-h-iØpw sh®p Xpe\w sNbvXp-t\m-°p-∂-Xm-bm¬ B
kIe {KŸ-ßfpw ssZh-hN - \
- Ø
- ns‚ apºn¬ \nm-ca - m-sW∂p
ImWmw. XØz⁄m\n-I-sf∂v hnfn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cm-sW-¶nepw
A‘-Im-c-Øn¬ h¿Øn-°p∂ B Iq´-cn¬\n∂v Fs¥mcp
{]Im-i-amWv \ap°v {]Xo-£n-°m-hp-∂Xv!
Npcp-°n-∏d- b
- mw, kXym-t\z-jn-Iƒ°v k¿∆-⁄\ - mb ssZhw
Xs∂ kw_-‘n®v ]q¿Æ-t_m[w \evIp-hm≥ Dt±-in-®n-´p-s≠-
¶n¬, Ahsc ⁄m\-{]-_p-≤-cm-°p-∂-Xn\p Xs‚ kw`m-j-W-
k-c-Wn-bpsS IhmSw Ah≥ Xpd-∂p-sh-®n-´p-s≠-∂Xv Xo¿®-
bm-Wv. CXv hnj-bI-ambn hnip-≤J - p¿-B≥ kXym-t\z-jn-Iƒ°v
]Tn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp {]m¿∞-\-bm-WnXv.
""A√tbm
c£n-Xm-th, \o Rßsf ÿncX-bpsS am¿§-Øn¬, \ns‚ A\p-
{K-lß- f- p-≠m-bn-´p-≈h- c
- psS am¿§-Øn¬ \S-tØ-Wt- a.'' ChnsS
A\p-{K-lßƒ F∂-Xp-sIm≠v hnh-£n-°s - ∏-ń-cn-°p-∂Xv ssZh-

Øn¬\n∂v a\p- j y\p t\cn´v e`n- ° p∂ a[p- c - ` m- j Ww
(C¬lmw), shfn-]mSv XpS-ßnb kz¿§ob ⁄m\-am-Ip-∂p. hnip-
≤-Jp¿-B≥ as‰m-cn-SØv ]dbp∂p-˛
""kXyssZ-h-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw ]q¿Æ-`-‡n-tbmSpw ÿnc-

X-tbm-Spw-IqSn h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-cn¬ kz¿§ZqX-
∑mcmb ae- ° p- I ƒ- C- d ßn Ah¿°v C{]- I mcw ktµiw
\evIp∂p: ""\nßƒ `b-s∏-Sp-Itbm a\-kvXm-]-s∏-Sp-Itbm Acp-
Xv. \nßƒ°v hmKvZm\w sNø-s∏-ń-´p≈ kz¿§w \nßƒ°p-
≈-Xn-\m¬ k-t¥m-jn-°phn≥'' (41:31). Cu hnip≤ hmIy-Øn¬,
ssZh-Zm-k-cmb `‡-P-\-Øn\v `b-Øns‚bpw ZpxJ-Øn-s‚bpw
Ah-k-c-Øn¬ ssZh-t_m-[\w (C¬lmw) e`n-°p-sa∂pw
Ahsc kam-iz-kn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v kz¿§-Zq-X-∑m¿ {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-
sa∂pw hy‡-ambn {]kvXm-hn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. CtX-{]-Imcw
hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ as‰m-cn-SØv ]d-bp∂p:
""ssZh-Øns‚ A\p-c-‡-
cmb `‡-P-\-Øn\v Ahs‚ hnip-≤-t_m-[\w apJm-¥cw
sFln-IP - o-hn-XØ
- nepw A\-¥c- P
- o-hn-XØ- nepw ip`-hm¿Ø e`n-
°p-∂-Xm-Wv' (10:65).
ssZh-t_m-[\w
ChnsS "C¬lmw' (ssZ-h-t_m-[-\w) F∂-Xp-sIm≠v hnh-
£n-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-sX-¥m-sW∂v hni-Zo-I-cn-t°-≠-Xm-bn-´p-≠v.
C¬lmw F∂m¬ Nn¥n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp-hs‚ lrZ-b-
Øn¬ \hy-amb Bibw DZn-®p-h-cnI F∂-X-√, Hcp Ihn Ih-
\-\n¿Ωm-W-Øn-\p-Zyp-‡-\mbn Nn¥\w sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-
tºmƒ AYhm Hcp hrØ-]mZw \n¿Ωn®v as‰m-∂n-\mbn Nn¥n-
®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ, \h-amb Hcm-i-btam ]Zytam hrØtam
lrZ-b-Øn-ep-Zn-®p-h-cp-∂-Xn\v ssZh-`m-j-W-sat∂m ssZh-t_m-
[-\s- at∂m ]d-bm-hp-∂X - √
- . Cu Bi-tbm-Zbw ssZhn-I{- ]-IrXn
\nb-a-a\p-k-cn-®v a\p-jys‚ Btem-N-\m-^-e-am-bp-≠m-Ip-∂-X-
s{X. Hcp-h≥ kZznjb-Øntem Zp¿∆n-j-b-Øntem a\-n-cpØn

Nn¥n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂X - m-bm-¬ Ahs‚ Btem-N\ - b
- v°\- p-kr-
X-amb Bibw a\-n-ep-≠mbn hcp-∂-Xm-Wv. Zr„m-¥-am-bn,
kXy-k-‘\pw kZr-Ø-\p-amb Hcmƒ kXy-sØbpw [¿Ω-
sØbpw klm-bn-°p-∂-Xn\pw Zp¿hr-Ø-\mb as‰m-cp-h≥
A[¿ΩsØ A\p-Iq-en-°p-∂-Xn\pw k÷-\sØ \nµn-°p-∂-
Xn\pw th≠n IhnX cNn-°m≥ DZy-an-°p-∂-]£w c≠p-t]cpw
Ah-\-hs‚ hmKzn-em-kw-t]mse Hmtcm Imhyw Na-bv°p-∂-Xm-
bn-cn-°pw. Ak-XysØ A\p-Iq-en-°p-Ibpw klm-bn-°p-Ibpw
k÷-\sØ \nµn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xn\v Xp\n-bp∂ Ihn Ih-
\-kr-„n-bn¬ A`ym-k-]m-S-h-ap-≈-h-\mb Imc-W-Øm¬ Ahs‚
IhnX at‰-bm-fp-tS-Xn-t\-°mƒ sa®-ta-dn-b-Xm-bn-Øo-cp-∂p-sh-
¶n¬ AXn¬ B›-cy-s∏-Sm-\n-√. C{]-Imcw \hy-amb Bibw
D≈n¬ DZn-®p-h-cp-∂-Xn\p "C¬lmw' F∂v ]d-bm-sa-¶n¬ kXy-
Øn-s\-Xn-cmbn A\-h-cXw XqenI Nen-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw
I‰p-sI´pw t`mjvIpw sXmgn-em-°n-Øo¿°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ kXy-
Øn-s‚bpw k÷-\-Øn-s‚bpw i{Xp-hmb Hcp ZpjvI-hnsb
"ap¬lw' AYhm "ssZh-{]-_p-≤≥' F∂p ]d-tb-≠-Xm-bn-h-
cpw. B-JymbnImZn Imhy-{K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ Na¬°m-c-]q¿Æhpw
lrZ-bm-h¿÷-Ih - p-amb h¿Æ-\I - ƒ \mw ImWp-∂p-≠t- √m. Cß-
s\, hnj-b-ßƒ anYy-I-fm-sW-¶nepw XZzn-j-b-I-ambn Nn¥n-
®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ lrZ-b-ß-fn¬ \hy-amb Bi-b-X-cw-K-ßƒ
ASn-®p-I-b-dp-∂-Xmbn ImWmw. CuZr-i-amb Bi-tbm-Z-b-Øn\v
"C¬lmw' (ssZ- h - t _m- [ - \ w) F∂p ]d- b m- h p- ∂ - X mtWm?
C¬lmw F∂m¬ \h-amb Bibw lrZ-b-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-h-cp-
∂-Xn-\p-≈ t]cm-sW-¶n¬, Hcp XkvI-c-s\-Ø-s∂bpw "ap¬lw'
(ssZ-h-{]-_p-≤≥) F∂p ]d-™p-sIm-≈m-a-t√m. Fs¥-∂m¬,
Nn¥n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ ê-ambn Ah\v `h-\-t`Zw
sNøm-\p≈ \√ kq{X-ßfpw sIm≈bpw sImebpw \S-Øp-∂-
Xn-\p≈ H∂m-¥cw D]m-b-ßfpw tXm∂n-Øp-S-ßp-∂p. Cß-
s\-bp≈ Aip-≤hpw A[m¿Ωn-I-hp-amb hnNm-cm-th-i-Øn\p
"C¬lmw' F∂v Hcn-°epw t]¿ ]d-bm-hp-∂-X-√. kzh-N\w
aptJ\ lrZ-b-ßƒ°v im¥n {]Zm\w sNøp-Ibpw A]-cn-Nn-
X¿°v Bflo-b⁄ - m\w ]I¿∂p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂h - cpw
AtX Ah-k-c-Øn¬ kXy-ssZ-hsØ Adn-bm-Ø-h-cp-amWv

ssZh-t_m-[-\-sØ-°p-dn®v Cu sX‰p-[m-c-W°v hi-K-cm-bn-cn-
°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬∏ns∂ "C¬lmw' F∂p-sh-®m¬ F¥mWv?
AXv kPo-h\pw k¿t∆m-Øa - i
- ‡
- n-am-\p-amb ssZhw Xs‚ hrX-
Zm-k-t\mtSm Xm≥ Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-hm≥ C—n-°p∂ kXy-`-‡-
t\mtSm Xs‚ ktN-X-\hpw k{]-`m-h-hp-amb hN-\m-arXw apJm-
¥cw kwkm-cn-°p-I-sb-∂-Xm-Ip-∂p. Cu Znhy-`m-jWw Xr]vXn-
I-c-ambpw {Iam-\p-K-X-ambpw XpS¿∂p-t]m-hp-Ibpw lo\m-i-b-
an-{itam A]q¿Ætam Ahy-‡tam Bbn-cn-°msX {]km-Z-a-
[p-chpw Na¬°m-c-]q¿Æhpw ⁄m\-K¿`hpw Bi-b-]p-„hpw
kPo-h-hp-am-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-sh-¶n¬, AXmWv ssZhw
Xs‚ `‡-Zm-k-s\-k-am-iz-kn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Xs‚ Znhy-kz-cq]w
Ah\v shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ hnip-≤-h-N-\w.
F∂m¬, Nne-t∏mƒ bYm¿∞ ssZh-hN - \Øn\p≈ ]q¿Æ-amb
A\p-{K-lN - n-”ß- t- fmSp IqSmØ GXm\pw hN-\ß - ƒ Hcp-h\p
e`n-s®-∂p-hcmw. Cu Bcw-`L - ´- Ø- n¬ Ah≥ ssZh-Øm¬ ]co-
£n-°s∏-Sp-Ib - m-Ip-∂p. X¬^-ea - m-bn, ssZh-hN
- \
- a- m-Ip∂ Aar-
Xns\ cpNn-®p-t\m-°n-b-tijw Ah≥ Xs‚ hm°pw {]hr-
Ønbpw bYm¿∞ ssZh-h-N-\-e-œ-cmb ]c-a-]p-cp-j-∑m-cp-tS-Xp-
t]mse ]mh- \ - a m- ° n- Ø o¿°p- I tbm AtXm k¬]- Ÿ m-
hn¬\n∂v hyXn-N-en-®p-t]m-hp-Itbm sNøp-∂p. Ah≥ kXy-`-
‡-∑m-sc-t∏mse [¿Ω-]m-X-bn¬ Ncn-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬ {]kvXpX
Znhym-\p-`qXn Ah\p \„-ambn `hn-°p-Ibpw Ahs‚ lrZ-bØ - n¬
Hcp hymtamlw am{Xw Ah-ti-jn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xm-Wv.
tImSm-\p-tImSn `‡-P-\-ßƒ°v ssZh-`m-jWw e`n-°p-I-
bp-≠m-bn-´p-≠v. F∂m¬, Ah-sc√mw ssZh-Zr-„n-bn¬ Htc ÿm-
\-°m-c-s√-∂p-≈Xv A\p-kva-c-Wo-b-am-Wv. a‰p-≈-hsc At]-
£n®v F{Xbpw kv]„-amb \ne-bn¬ ssZh-`m-jWw kn≤n®
{]hm-NI
- ∑
- m¿Xs∂bpw Htcÿm\-Øp-≈h - c
- √
- . k¿t∆m-∂X
- \
- mb
ssZhw hni-p≤-Jp¿-B-\n¬ ]d-bp-∂p.
""\mw {]hm- N - I - ∑ m- c n¬
Nnesc a‰p Nne-sc-°mƒ t{ijvT-cm-°n-Øo¿Øn-´p-≠v' (2:254).
Cu hmIy-Øn¬\n-∂v, ssZh-`m-jWw Icp-Wm-a-b-\mb ssZh-
Øn¬\n-∂p≈ Hc-\p-{K-l-am-sW∂pw AXn\v k¬kzo-I¿Øm-

°-fpsS ÿm\-hy-Xym-k-hp-am-bn´v _‘-an-s√∂pw a\-n-em-Ip-
∂p. Fs¥-∂m¬, ÿm\-hy-Xymkw B{i-bn-®p-\n-ev°p-∂Xv
Ah¿°v ssZh-Øn-ep≈ \njvI-f-¶-`-‡n, {i≤, hniz-kvXX
F∂o KpW-a-ln-a-I-fpsS Af-hn-s\-bm-Ip-∂p; AXm-b-Xv, ssZhw
am{Xw Adn-bp∂ Cu at\m-Kp-W-ß-fpsS G‰-°p-d-®n-en-s\-bm-
Ip-∂p. F∂m¬, ]q¿Æ-Nn-”-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb ssZh-`m-jWw
kn≤n-°p-∂Xpw {]kvXpX KpW-ß-fpsS ê-am-bn-´p-X-s∂-bm-
Wv. `‡≥ ssZh-tØmSv sNøp∂ At]-£bv°pw {]m¿∞-
\bv°pw DØcw e`n-°p-Ibpw Aßs\ Cu tNmtZym-Øcw
A\p-{Iaw XpS¿∂p-t]m-cp-Ibpw Cu `mj-W-Øn¬ Znhy-{]-`m-
hhpw kz¿§o-b-tX-Ppw A¥¿`-hn-®n-cn-°p-Ibpw `hn-jy¬
Imcy-ßsf kw_-‘n® hm¿Øbpw ]cam¿∞ ⁄m\hpw
Dƒs°m-≈p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXv Xo¿®-bmbpw ssZh-
`m-j-W-am-Ip-∂p. c≠v an{X-ßƒ XΩn¬ kw`m-jn-°p∂ \ne-
bn¬ kr„n-I¿Øm-hmb ssZhhpw kzZm-k\pw XΩn¬ kwkm-
c-ap-≠m-hpI F∂Xv ssZh-`m-j-W-Øns‚ Hc-h-iy-e-£-W-am-
Ip-∂p. kXy-`-‡≥ k¿∆-i-‡-\mb ssZh-tØmSv Hcp Imcy-
sØ-°p-dn®v At]-£n-°p-tºmƒ AXn-\p-Ø-c-ambn ssZh-k-
∂n-[n-bn¬\n∂v {]km-Z-a-[p-chpw Na¬°m-c-]q¿Æ-hp-amb
hN\w tIƒ°p-am-dm-hp-Ibpw AXv Abm-fpsS B{K-l-Øn-
s‚tbm Btem-N-\-bp-sStbm \ncq-]-W-Øn-s‚tbm ê-am-bn-
cn-°msX ssZh-Øn¬\n-∂p≈ Hcp Zm\-am-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-
∂p-sh-¶n¬, AXv Xo¿®-bmbpw ssZh-Øns‚ ]°¬\n-∂p≈
hN\w Xs∂. CØcw A\p-{Klw kn≤n® `‡≥ \n›-b-
ambpw ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ kzoImcw e`n-®-h-\m-Wv. F∂m¬,
kPo-hhpw kwip-≤-hp-amb ssZh-h-N\w ]mcn-tXm-jn-I-sa∂
\ne-bn¬ kv]„cq-]-Øn¬ e`n-°p-am-dm-Ip-∂-Xv, kXy-hn-izm-k-
Ønepw `‡n-bnepw ]cn-Xym-K-Ønepw Ah¿Æy-amb B ]cn-
ip-≤-_-‘-Ønepw A`n-hr-≤n-{]m-]n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Bƒ°v
am{X-am-bn-cn-°pw; a‰m¿°p-a-√. bYm¿∞hpw ]cn-ip-≤-hp-amb
ssZh-`m-jWw {]]-©-I¿Øm-hns‚ al-Ø-c-amb A¤p-X-
ßsf shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-h-bm-Ip-∂p. ]e-t∏mgpw t{]m÷z-e-amb
Hcp tXPv kwPm-X-am-hp-Ibpw AtXm-Sp-Iq-Sn-Øs∂ kz—hpw
{]`m-h-]q¿Æ-hp-amb ssZh-h-N\w Ah-X-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsS I¿Øm-hmb ssZh-hp-ambn kw`m-jn-°p-
Ibpw Ah-\m¬ kwt_m-[n-X-\m-hp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xn¬]-c-amb
Hc-\p-{Klw as‰-¥mWv a\p-jy\v e`y-am-Im-\p-≈Xv? Cu temI-
Øp-sh-®p≈ ssZh-Z¿i\w B k¿ss∆-I-I¿Øm-hp-ambn
kwkm-cn-°pIsb∂XpX-s∂-bm-Wv.
F∂m¬, ssZh-Øn¬\n-∂p-≈-Xm-sW∂v t_m[n-°p-hm≥
]cym-]vXa- mb Nn”-ßs - fm∂pw IqSmsX \ncp-t±-ia
- mb GXm\pw
hm°p-Itfm hN-\ß - tfm t«mItam Hcp-hs‚ A[-cß - ƒ Xmt\
D®-cn-°p-am-dm-Ip-∂p-sh-¶¬ Ahs‚ Cu Ahÿ ssZh-`m-j-
WsØ kw_-‘n® {]kvXpX hnh-c-W-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-X-
√. AXv ssZh-Øns‚ kwt_m-[\w IqSmsX Hcp i–-{]-XoXn
am{X-am-Ip-∂p. CØcw A\p-`-h-ap-≠m-Ip-∂-h-\m-Is´ ssZh-]-
co-£-W-Øn\v hnt[-b-\m-Ip-∂-h-\-s{X. Fs¥-∂m¬, ssZhw
Nne-t∏m¬ I¿Ø-hy-t_m-[-lo-\cpw DZm-ko-\-cp-amb Bfp-Isf
CØ-c-Øn¬ ]co-£n-°m-dp-≠v. ssZh-Øn¬\nt∂m kmØm-
\n¬\nt∂m BsW∂v Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Ign-bm-Xn-cn-°p-amdv Ahy-
‡-amb hm°p-Itfm hN-\ß - tfm Ah-cpsS lrZ-bß - sf Bth-
in-°p-Itbm A[-c-ßƒ D®-cn-°p-am-dm-hp-Itbm sNøp-∂p. C{]-
Imcw ]co-£n-°-s∏-Sp∂ Gh\pw am\-km-¥-c-s∏´v ssZh-Øn-
te°v Xncn-bp-Ibpw kzbw ]cn-jv°-c-W-Øn\v apXn-cp-Ibpw
th≠Xm-Wv.
F∂m¬, kZrØ\pw [¿Ω-aq¿Øn-bp-amb `‡\v \n¿_m-
[hpw kz—-\n¿Ω-e-hp-amb ssZh-t_m-[\w D≠m-bn-Øp-S-ßp-
Ibpw kw`m-j-W-cq-t]W tXtPm-a-bhpw {]km-Z-a-[p-chpw
A¿∞-kw-]p-„hpw ⁄m\-K¿`hpw {]`m-h] - q¿Æ-hp-amb ssZh-
h-N-\-ßƒ tIƒ°p-am-dm-Ip-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Pm{Km-h-ÿ-bn¬
Htc Ah-k-c-Øn-embn ]tØm AXn-e-[n-Itam {]m¿∞-\-
Iƒ°v ssZh-Øn¬\n∂v DØcw e`n-°m-\p≈ ku`mKyw ]e-
t∏mgpw kn≤n-°p-Ibpw Hcp {]m¿∞-\-bv°p-Øcw e`n-®-bp-Ss\
as‰m-∂n-\-t]-£n-°p-tºmƒ AXn-\p-ap-Ø-c-ap-≠m-hpI F∂ Xc-
Øn¬ XpS¿®-bmbn ]tØm AXn-e-[n-Itam {]mhiyw Htc
kµ¿`-Øn¬ ssZh-hp-ambn kwhm-Z-ku-`mKyw e`n-°p-am-dm-hp-
Ibpw, Cßs\ \nc-h[n {]m¿∞-\-Iƒ°p-Ø-chpw al-Ø-c-

amb kXy-X-Øz-ßsf kw_-‘n® ⁄m\-{]-Im-ihpw `hn-
jy¬Im-cy-ßs - f-°p-dn-®p≈ hm¿Ø-Ifpw kw{]m-]vXa - m-hp-Ibpw
sNøp-∂-Xm-bm¬, Abmƒ a‰p-≈-h-sc-°m-tfsd ssZh-tØmSv
IrX-⁄X {]Im-in-∏n-°p-Ibpw kzPo-hn-XsØ ssZh-am¿§-
Øn¬ A¿∏n-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬,
Abm-sf-bmWv ssZhw Xs‚ Imcp-Wym-Xn-tcI-Øm¬ kz`-‡-
Zm-k-cn¬ hcn-jvT-\mbn Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-Ibpw ]q¿∆-a-lm-\p-`m-
h-cmb kXy-`‡ - ¿°v \evIs - ∏´ A\p-{K-lm-\p-`q-Xn-Iƒ°v Ah-
Im-in-bm-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂X- v. Cu al-Ømb hc-{]-kmZw
hfsc A]q¿∆w t]¿°p-am-{Xta e`y-am-Ip-∂p-≈q. AXn-\m¬,
Cu A\p-{K-l-{]m-]vXn°v `mKy-ap-≠m-bn-´p-≈-h¿ AsXm-gn-®p≈
kI-e-Øn-s\bpw \nm-chpw Xp—-hp-ambn KWn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.
B≤ym-fln-I-amb Cu D¬°r-„-ÿm\w {]m]n® alm-\p-
`m-h-∑m¿ F√m ImeØpw Ckvem-an¬ D≠m-bn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂n-
´p-≠v. ssZhw Xs‚ kXy-Zm-ks\ kao-]n®v Ah-t\mSv kwkm-
cn-°p-Ibpw Ahs‚ D≈n¬\n∂v i–n-°p-Ibpw Ahs‚ lrZ-
bsØ Xs‚ `{Zm-k-\-am-°p-Ibpw Ahs\ kz¿§-Øn-te-°p-
b¿Øn-s°m-≠p-t]m-hp-Ibpw ]q¿∆-k-÷-\-ßƒ°v {]Zm\w
sNø-s∏´ A\p-{K-l-]m-cn-tXm-jn-I-ßƒ Ah\v \evIp-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p. CXv Ckvem-an¬ am{X-ap≈ A\p-{K-l-am-Wv. ssZh-
km-ao]yw A[n-Ia- [
- nIw A\p-`h
- s
- ∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ a\p-jy\v
Fs¥m-c-h-ÿ-bmWv kn≤n-°p-∂-sX∂v Atlm! A‘-am-b-
temIw Adn-bp-∂n-√. ssZh-k-hn[w {]m]n-°p-∂-Xn\v temI¿
B≤ym-fl-k-c-Wn-bn¬ Imep-sh-°p-∂p-an√! Cu am¿§-Øn¬
hnN-cn® B≤ym-fl-]p-cp-js\ Ah¿ Ahn-izm-knbpw aX-{`-jvT-
\p-ambn Iev]n®p X≈p-Itbm Bcm-[-\m-]m-{X-ambn IcpXn
ssZh-sØ-t∏mse ]qPn®p XpS-ßp-Itbm sNøp∂p! Cu c≠v
k{º-Zm-bhpw [¿Ω-hn-cp-≤-am-Wv. H∂v, AXn-cp-I-hn™ hntZz-
j-Øns‚ ê-amb \yq\-Xz-tZm-jhpw a‰Xv AXn-cp-I-S∂ t{]a-
Øns‚ ê-amb Aan-X-Øz-tZm-j-hp-am-Ip-∂p. F∂m¬, hnth-
In-bmb a\p-jy≥ Cu c≠p-Xcw tZmj-ßfpw _m[n-°msX
a≤y-\n-e-bn¬ ÿnXn sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv. AXmb-Xv, D¬°r-„-
amb B≤ym-fl-ÿm\w A[n-tcm-lWw sNbvXn-cn-°p∂ alm-
]p-cp-js\ \ncm-Ic- n-°p-Itbm Abm-fpsS ÿm\-am-lm-fly-Øn\v

Ipd-®n¬ hcp-Øp-Itbm sNøm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw Abmsf ssZh-
sØ-t∏mse ]qPn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw th≠-Xm-Wv. Cu Ahÿ
{]m]n-°p-tºm-gmWv ssZhw Xs‚ Znhy-ta-em-S-sIm≠v {]kvXpX
`‡-Zm-ks\ ]pX-bv°p-amdv Hcp Xo{h-_‘w Abm-fn¬ {]I-Sn-
∏n-°p-∂-Xv. At∏mƒ Abmƒ ssZhsØ ImWp-∂-Xn-\p≈
IÆm-Sn-bmbn Na-bp-∂p. CXm-Wv, ""Fs∂ I≠-h≥ ssZhsØ
I≠-h-\m-Ip∂p'' F∂ \_n-\m-b-I¿(-k) Acp-fn-s®-bvX-Xns‚
cl-kyw. Npcp-°-Øn¬, a\p-jys‚ B≤ym-fln-Im-`n-h-r-≤n-bpsS
]cn-k-am-]vXn-°p≈ L´w CXm-Ip-∂p. ChnsS Ahs‚ kIe
bXv\ß - fpw sN∂-hk - m-\n-°p-Ibpw Ah≥ ]q¿Æ-ambpw kwXr-
]vXn-b-S-bp-Ibpw D]-im¥n {]m]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
A‘-∑m¿°v ImgvN \evIp-∂-Xn\pw At\z-jn-°p-∂-hsc
kzbw-Kp-]vX\- mb ssZh-Øn-te°v hgn-Im-Wn-°p-∂X - n\pw kXyw
kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥ a\-p-≈-h¿°v ]cn-ip-≤-amb B Dd-hn-S-sØ-
°p-dn-®v˛ A[n-I-t]cpw kwk-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xpw F∂m¬,
A]q¿∆w t]¿°p-am{Xw e`y-am-bn-´p-≈-Xp-amb B al-Ømb
Dd-hn-S-sØ-°p-dn-®v˛ ip`-hm¿Ø [cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-am-bn´v ]c-a-
Im-cp-Wn-I\
- mb ssZhw Fs∂ {]kvXpX D¬°r„ ]Z-hn-bmepw
ap≥hn-h-cn® Xc-Øn-ep≈ a[p-c-`m-j-W-Ømepw A\p-{K-ln-®n-
cn-°p∂ hkvXp-Xsb ChnsS shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm-Xn-cn-°p∂ ]£w
Rm≥ a\pjy-h¿§-tØmSv sImSpw-A-]-cm[w {]h¿Øn-®-h-\m-
bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. AXn-\m¬, a\p-jys‚ ap‡nbv°pw \nXy-
kp-J-Øn\pw \nZm-\-amb ssZthm-]-eœn hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\\p-
k-cn®v Pohn-°p-∂-Xp-aq-e-a-√msX kw{]m-]y-a-s√∂v Rm\nXm
Dss®-kvXcw {]kvXm-hn-®p-sIm-≈p-∂p. a‰p-≈-h¿ Rm≥ I≠n-
´p-≈Xv ImWp-Ibpw Rm≥ tIń-´p-≈Xv tIƒ°p-Ibpw ]g-¶-Y-
Iƒ shSn™v bYm¿∞ XØz-Øn-te°v HmSn-s®-√p-Ibpw
sNbvXp-sh-¶n¬ lm, F{X \∂v! GsXm∂p aptJ\ ssZhsØ
ImWp-hm≥ km[n-°ptam B ]cn-]q¿Æ ⁄m\-Øn-\p≈
am¿§hpw kIe ktµ-l-am-en-\y-ß-sfbpw Igp-In-°-f-bp∂ B
kz¿§o-b-P-ehpw ssZh-Øns‚ Xncp-apJw {]Xn-_nw-_n-®p-Im-
Wp-am-dm-Ip∂ \njvI-eva-j-amb Z¿∏-Whpw ap≥hn-h-cn-®-hn[w
ssZh-Øn¬\n∂p e`n-°p∂ Aar-X-`m-jWw Xs∂-bm-Wv.
GsXm- c p- h s‚ Bflm- h n¬ ]c- a m¿∞ XØz- a - d n- b m- \ p≈

Pn⁄m-kb - pt≠m Ah≥ DW¿∂v At\z-jn-®p-sIm-≈s - ´. Rm≥
kXy-ambpw ]d-bp-∂p. Bflm-hn¬ bYm¿∞-amb Pn⁄m-kbpw
lrZ-b-Øn¬ hmkvX-h-amb XrjvWbpw Ds≠-¶n¬ P\-ßƒ
{]kvXpX am¿§-a-t\z-jn-°p-Ibpw tXSn \S-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-
Xm-bn-cn-°pw. F∂m¬, Cu am¿§w Xpd-∂p-In-´p-∂-sX-ßs\?
AXns‚ Xnc-»oe \oßn-In-´p-hm-\p≈ D]m-b-sa¥v? Ckvemw
am{X-amWv apap-£p-°ƒ°v Cu B\-µ-]-Zhn hmKvZm\w sNøp-
Ibpw AXn-s\-°p-dn®v ip`-hm¿Ø \evIp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-sX∂v
kXym-t\z-jn-Isf Rm≥ sXcy-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≈p-∂p. CX-c-a-
X-°m-cmhs´ ssZh-`m-j-W-am-Ip∂ A\p-{K-l-Øns‚ IhmSw
hf-sc-°m-e-ambn _‘n-°-s∏-´p-t]m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn kΩ-Xn-
°p-I-bm-Wv. F∂m¬, Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]mse ssZhw Cu
am¿§sØ \ntcm-[n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn-ń-√. AXn-te°v {]th-i\w
kn≤n-°msX iq\y-lr-Z-b-cmbn `hn-®-h-cpsS \ncm-im-P-\y-amb
k¶ev]w am{X-am-WX - v. \ap°v IÆp-Iƒ IqSmsX ImWp-hmt\m
ImXp-Iƒ IqSmsX tIƒ°p-hmt\m \mhp-Iq-SmsX kwkm-cn-
°p-hmt\m km[n-°m-Ø{- ]-ImcwXs∂ hnip-≤J - p¿-Bs‚ klm-
bw-Iq-SmsX B bYm¿∞ {]W-bn-Xm-hns‚ Xncp-apJw ImWp-
hm≥ Ign-bp-∂-X-√. Rm≥ bu∆-\-Z-isb IS∂p CXm htbm-
[n-I-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Cu Zo¿L-Im-e-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ hnip-≤-⁄m-
\-Øns‚ Dd-hn-S-amb Cu am¿§-Øn-eqsSb√msX ]c-am¿∞-
⁄m-\-am-Ip∂ ]nbqjw ]m\w-sNbvXv Xr]vXn-b-S™n´p≈-h-
cmbn Rm\m-tcbpw ImWp-I-bp-≠m-bn-√.
am\y-P-\-ß-tf, ssZh-tØmSv s]mcp-Xp-Itbm Ahs‚ Dt±-
iy-ßsf XS-bp-Itbm sNøp-hm≥ B¿°pw km[y-a-√. ]q¿Æ-
amb ssZh-⁄m-\-Øn-\p≈ am¿§w ssZh-Øns‚ {]hm-N-I-
∑m¿°v e`n® Znhy-`m-j-W-am-Ip-∂p. F∂m¬, Cu shfn-]m-Sn-
\p-tijw Ir]m-km-K-c-\mb ssZhw Xs‚ Aar-X-`m-j-W-Øn-
\p≈ IhmSw _‘n®p temIsØ \mi-K¿Ø-Øn¬ X≈n-°-
f-bp-hm≥ Hcn-°epw Dt±-in-®n-ń-√. {]Xyp-X, Ah≥ Xs‚ shfn-
]mSpw a[p-c`- m-jW
- h
- p-am-Ip∂ A\p-{K-lØ
- ns‚ Ihm-Sß
- ƒ Xpd-
∂p-sh-°p-I-bmWv sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. icn-bmb am¿§-Øn-eqsS
At\z-jn-°p-∂-Xm-bm¬ \nß-fXv Is≠-Øp-∂-Xm-Wv. B Poh-
Pew kz¿§-Øn¬\n∂v h∂v kap-Nn-X-ÿm-\Øv kzcq-]n-X-am-

bn-cn-°p-∂p. \nßƒ°v AXns\ ]m\w sNø-W-sa-¶n¬ sX∂n-
sØ-dn®pw X∏n-∏n-Sn®pw Hcp-hn-t[\ B t{kmX-ns‚ kao]w
sN∂v AXn-t\mSv \nß-fpsS A[-c-ßƒ sXmSp-Ønh-bvt°-≠-
Xm-Wv. Aßs\ \nßƒ°v B Du‰n¬\n∂v IpSn®p kwXr-
]vX-cm-Imw. ssZhn-I-{]-`m-]qcw shfn-s∏´p ImWp∂ ÿe-
tØ°v ]m™p-sN-√p-Ibpw Xm≥ At\z-jn-°p∂ B t{]a-]m-
{X-Øns‚ Nn”w {]Xy£-s∏-´p-Im-Wp∂ am¿§sØ k¿∆m-
fl\m Ah-ew-_n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xn-emWv a\p-jys‚ k¿∆-
ku-`m-Ky-hpw. {]`m-]-Sew BIm-i-Øn¬\n∂v `qan-bn-te°v hym-
]n-®p-h-cp∂ {]Im-cw-Xs∂ k∑m¿§-Z¿i-\-am-Ip∂ tPymXnpw
kz¿§-Øn¬\n∂v Ah-X-cn-°p-∂p. a\p-jys‚ AtN-X-\-ß-fmb
k¶-ev]-h-N-\-ßfpw Dulm-t]m-l-ßfpw Ah\v bYm¿∞-amb
ssZh-⁄m\w {]Zm\w sNøp-hm≥ ]cym-]vX-am-Ip-∂n-√. F¥v,
\nßƒ°v Znhy-km-£m¬°m-c-sat\y ssZhsØ {]m]n-°m≥
Ign- b ptam? BIm- i - Ø n¬ DZn- X - a m- I p∂ {]Im- i - Ø ns‚
klmbw IqSmsX tIh-e-amb A‘-Im-c-Øn¬ \nßƒ°v
h√Xpw ImWp- h m≥ Ign- b p- ∂ pt≠m? Ign- b p- ∂ p- s h- ¶ n¬
ssZhsØ kw_‘n® ]c-am¿∞-⁄m-\hpw Znhy-sh-fn-]m-Sns‚
klm-bw-Iq-SmsX km[n-t®-°mw. F∂m¬, \ΩpsS IÆp-I-fm-
Is´ ImgvN-i-‡n-bp≈tXmSp-IqSn hkvXp-Z¿i-\-Øn\v _mly-
amb {]Imi-sØbpw, ImXp-I-fm-Is´ tIƒhn-i-‡n-bp-≈-tXm-
Sp-IqSn i–-{i-hW
- Ø
- n\v ssZh-\n-ba
- a
- \
- p-kc - n®v {]N-en-Xa
- m-Ip∂
hmbp-hns\bpw B{i-bn-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. AXn-\m¬ kwkm-cn-
°msX au\w-]q-≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw F√mw \ΩpsS `mh-\m-i-‡n-
sIm≠v Adn™p-sIm-≈p-∂-Xns\ hnt´-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂
ssZhw Xo¿®-bmbpw kXy-ssZ-h-a-√. Xs‚ k¤m-h-sØ-°p-
dn®v icn-bmbn Adnhv Xcp-∂-h-\t{X ]cn-]q¿Æ\pw kPo-h-\p-
amb ssZhw. Ah≥ Ct∏mgpw Xs‚ kØsb-°p-dn®v temI-
Øn\v e£yw \evIp-hm≥ Dt±-in-®n-cn-°p-∂p. CXm kz¿§-Øns‚
Ihm-S-ßƒ Xpd-°p-am-dm-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Acp-tWm-Z-b-Øn-\p≈
kabw Bk-∂-am-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. io{Lw Fgp-t∂‰v kXy-
ssZ-h-sØ˛ Hcp ]cn-h¿Ø-\hpw ZpxJhpw kw`-hn-°msX k¿∆-
Im-ehpw At`-Z-\mbpw kza-lnam {]Xm-]-Øn\v £Xn-h-cmsX
kZm tXtPm-a-b-\mbpw ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ ssZh-sØ˛ At\z-jn-

°p-∂-h-ct{X `mKy-ap-≈-h¿. hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-I-bm-Wv:
""ssZhw BIm-i-Øns‚ tXPpw
`qan-bpsS {]Im-i-hp-amWv'' (24:36). k¿∆-tX-tPm-tI-{µ-amb Ah-
\n¬\n-∂t{X Ft√-Shpw {]Imiw hym]n-°p-∂-Xv. kqcy\v {]`m-
I-c-\mbpw k¿∆-Po-hn-Iƒ°pw Poh-\m-bp-an-cn-°p-∂-h≥ Ah≥
Xs∂-bm-Wv. Ah-\t{X Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂ kXy-ssZ-hw. Ahs\
Ah-ew-_n-°p-∂-h≥ `mKy-hm≥.
alm-flm-°-fpsS I„m-\p-`hw
aq∂m-asØ ⁄mt\m-]m[n ssZh-Øns‚ kØ-sb-°p-dn®v
"lJvJp¬b-Jo≥' AYhm "A\p-`-h-⁄m-\-'Øn\v Xpey-amb
ZrV-t_m[w Df-hm-°p-hm≥ ]cym-]vX-am-bn-´p≈ kzm\p-`-h-]-≤-
Xn-bm-Ip-∂p. AXm-b-Xv, ssZh-\n-bp-‡-cmb {]hm-N-I-∑mcpw
kXy-k-‘-cmb kZv]p-cp-j-∑mcpw hntcm-[n-I-fpsS ssIbmtem
ssZh-hn-[n-bmtem kln-t°-≠n-h-cp∂ I„-∏m-Sp-Ifpw t¢i-
ßfpw Xs∂. CuZri-amb I„m-\p-`h - w-aqew a\p-jy-lr-Zb - Ø
- n¬
⁄m\-cq-]-ambn ÿnXn sNbvXn-cp∂ aX-\n¿t±-i-ßfpw [¿Ω-
im-k-\-ßfpw A\p-jvTm-\-Øn¬ hcn-Ibpw XZzmc AXp-Iƒ
A\p-`-h-Z-isb AYhm ]q¿Æ-Xsb {]m]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
C{]-Im-cw, lrZ-b-Øn¬,- kz-cq-]n-X-amb `mh-\m-⁄m-\-ßƒ
bYm-hn[n Pohn-X-Øn¬ ên-∏n-°p-∂-bmƒ B Znhy-am¿t§m-
]-tZ-i-Øns‚ amXr-Im-aq¿Ønbmbn Na-bp-∂p. a\-nepw Xe-
t®m-dnepw ⁄m\-cq-]-ambn ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ £a, {]Xn-{In-bm-
t_m-[w, kl-\w, IcpW XpS-ßnb [m¿Ωn-I-Kp-W-ß-sf√mw
{Inbm-cq-t]W a\p-jys‚ _mlyhpw B`y-¥-c-hp-amb kI-te-
{µn-b-ß-fnepw A\p-`-h-—mb {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂p. X∑q-ew,
Abmƒ°v B kZvKp-W-ßƒ \ma-am{X KpW-ß-fm-bn-cn-°msX
Abm-fpsS kIe Ah-bh - ß
- f
- nepw {]Xn-ê - n-®p-Im-Wp∂ bYm-
¿∞-Kp-Wß - f
- mbn tim`n-°p-∂X - m-Wv. CXp-hn-jb - I
- a
- mbn ssZhw
hnip-≤-Jp¿B\n¬ Cßs\ ]d-bp∂p:
""\mw \nßsf `bhpw hni∏pwaqehpw [\-Øn\pw Poh-\p-ap≈

\miw-aq-ehpw {]b-Xv\-Øn-ep≈ ê-iq-\y-Xbpw k¥m-\-\-
„hpwaqew ]co-£n-°p-∂-XmWv' AXm-bXv CuZr-i-ß-fmb
ZpxJm-\p-`h
- ß
- ƒ ssZh-KXym AYhm i{Xp-Ic - Ø
- m¬ \nßƒ°v
A\p-`-h-am-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv. AXn-\m¬, Xßƒ°v B]Øv t\cn-Sp-
tºmƒ "Rßƒ \n›-b-ambpw ssZh-Øn-\p-≈-hcpw Ah-\n-
te°v aS-ßn-t∏m-Ip-∂-h-cp-at{X' F∂p-]-d-bp∂ kl-\-io-e¿°v
ip`-hm¿Ø \evIp-I. C°q-´-cn-et{X ssZh-Øns‚ A\p-{K-l-
ßfpw Ir]m-I-Sm-£-hpw. Ch¿ Xs∂-bmWv k∑m¿§-Øn¬
]q¿ÆX {]m]n-®-h¿'' (2:156-˛158). CXn¬\n∂v a\-n-em-Ip-∂-
Xv, lrZ-b-Øntem Xe-t®m-dntem tiJ-cn-X-am-b, Pohn-Xm-\p-
jvTm-\-Øn¬ hcmØ Adn-hn\v Hcp ta∑-bp-an-s√-∂m-Wv. Xe-
t®m-dn¬\n∂v AYhm kvarXn-]-Y-Øn¬\n∂v \n¿§-an®v {Inbm-
cq-t]W shfn-bn¬ hcn-Ibpw kI-te-{µn-b-ß-fnepw {]Xn-^-
en-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Adn-hm-Ip-∂p bYm¿∞-⁄m-\w. Hcp-hs‚
⁄m\w kpZr-Vhpw kar-≤-hp-am-°n-Øo¿°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ DØ-
a-am¿§w, AXns\ {Inbm-cq-]-Øn¬ hcpØn AXns‚ {]Xn-
—mb Xs‚ C{µn-bm-Zn-I-fn¬ kzcq-]n-°pI F∂p-≈-Xm-Ip-∂p.
\nm-c-amb Hcp Imcy-sØ-w-_-‘n® Adn-hp-X-s∂bpw {Inbm-
]-cn-N-b-Øn¬ hcmØ Ime-tØmfw A]q¿Æ-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-
Wv. Zr„m-¥-am-bn, ]e-lm-c-ap-≠m-°pI F∂Xv {]bm-k-ap≈
Imcy-a-s√∂pw amhp-Ip-g®p Bh-iy-ap-≈-Xcw A∏-Øns‚
Iq´m°n Nps´-Sp-°p-I-tb-th≠q F∂pw \ap-°-dn-bm-sa-¶nepw
{Inbm-]-cn-Nbw k≤n-°m-Ø-Im-e-tØmfw Cu Adnhv ]q¿Æ-
am-Ip-∂-X-√. X∑qew `mh-\m-am-{X-am-bp≈ Cu Adn-hns\
Bkv]-Z-am°n Bsc-¶nepw ]e-lmcw NpSp-hm≥ Hcp-sº-Sp∂
]£w Ah≥ hfsc t¢in-°p-Ibpw H´-[nIw amhv ]mgm-°p-
Ibpw sNtø-≠n-h-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. \nm-c-amb Imcy-Øn¬t]mepw
{Inbm-]-cn-N-b-an-√mØ Adn-hns‚ KXn C{]-Im-c-am-bn-cn-°p∂
ÿnXnbv°v Kuc-hs - ∏´ hnj-bß
- f
- n¬ `mh-\m-am-{X-amb ⁄m\-
sØ B{i-bn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v F¥p {]tbm-P-\-am-Wp-≈Xv?
AXn-\m¬, ssZhw ]co-£-Wm¿∞w \ΩpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬

t\cn-Sp-hn-°p∂ t¢i-ßfpw I„-XI - fpw \ap°v A\p-`h
- ⁄- m\w
e`n-°p-am-dm-Ip-∂-Xn-\p≈ D]m-b-ß-fm-Ip-∂p-sh-∂mWv aptºbp-
≤-cn® Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-ßƒ \sΩ t_m[-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂X - v. as‰mcp
{]Im-cØ - n¬ ]d-bp-∂X - m-bm¬ I„m-\p-`h
- ß
- ƒ aptJ\ ⁄m\-
cq-]-ambn ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ k¬Kp-W-ßƒ A\p-jvTm-\-Øn¬
hcp-Ibpw XZzmcm ⁄m\w ]q¿ÆX {]m]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-
∂p. ho≠pw hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-I-bmWv:
""\nß- f psS kº- Ø p- I fpw Bflm- ° fpw kw_- ‘ n®v

\nßƒ ]co-£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv. AXm-bXv, P\-ßƒ \nß-
fpsS apX-ep-Iƒ ]nSn-s®-Sp-°p-Ibpw \nßsf sIme-s∏-Sp-Øp-
Ibpw sNøpw. blq-Z-cp-sSbpw {InkvXycp-sSbpw _lp-ssZ-h-
hn-izm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw Iøm¬ \nßƒ t{Zmlw kln-°p-Ibpw
Ah-cpsS apJ-Øp-\n∂v Ak-ly-amb ]e kwK-Xn-Ifpw tIƒ°p-
Ibpw sNtø-≠n-h-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬, \nßƒ £a ssIs°m-
≈p-Ibpw Atbm-Kyhpw A\m-h-iy-hp-amb Imcy-ßsf h¿÷n-
°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AsXmcp al-\ob IrXy-am-Ip∂p;
Ic-fp-d-∏p≈ kz`m-h-am-Ip∂p'' (3:186). Cu Bb-Øp-I-fn¬\n-
s∂√mw sXfn-bp-∂-Xv, I¿Ω-cq-t]W {]Im-in-∏n-°p∂ ⁄m\w
A\p-Kr-lo-X-am-bn-´p-≈Xpw, A\p-jvTm-\-Øn¬ hcmsX `mh-\-
am-{X-am-bn-´p≈ Adnhv ê-iq-\y-am-bn-´p-≈-Xp-am-sW-∂-s{X.
\_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Pohn-X-Ønse c≠p-L´w
I®-hS- w-ap-tJ\ [\w A`n-hr-≤n-s∏-Sp-∂X
- p-{]-Imcw ⁄m\w
{]hr-Øn-]-Y-Øn¬ hcp-∂-Xp-aqew AXns‚ Bflo-b-hiw
hnImkw {]m]n-°pamdmIp∂p. AXn-\m¬, hnZysb ]cn-]q¿Æ-
am-°n-Øo¿°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ DØ-tam-]mbw AXns\ {]tbm-K-
Øn¬ hcp-Øp-I-X-s∂-bm-Wv. Aßs\ sNøp-∂-X-p-aqew AXv
tim`m-b-am-\-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. AXns‚ F√m hi-ß-sfbpw
{]tbm-K-Øn¬ hcp-Øn-bp≈ ]co-£Ww Xs∂-bmWv AXns\
"lJvJp¬ bJo≥' F∂ A\p-`-hm-h-ÿ-bn¬ FØn-°p-∂-Xv.

Ckvem-anI XØz-ßsf kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Cu ]≤Xn
{]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ h∂-Xm-bn-°m-Wmw. hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ apJm-
¥cw temI¿°v \evI-s∏-ń-´p≈ XØzkap-—bw I¿Ω-cq-t]W
{]Im-in-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\pw, AXns‚ B≤ym-fln-I-{]-`sb {]Xn-
_nw_n∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-am-bn´v k¿∆-i-‡-\-mb -ssZhw Xncp-\-
_n°pw kl-N-c¿°pw kµ¿`-ap-≠m-°n-s°m-Sp-Øn-´p-≠v. Cu
Bh-iym¿∞w Xs∂-bmWv ssZhw \_n(-k) Xnc-pta-\n-bpsS
Pohn-X-ImesØ c≠v hyXy-kvX-L-´-ß-fmbn hn`-Pn-®n-´p-≈-Xv.
H∂v I„mcn-„-X-I-fp-sSbpw t¢i-ß-fp-sSbpw Ime-L´w; c≠m-
a-tØXv hnP-tbm-’-h-Øns‚bpw A[n-Im-cm-tcm-l-W-Øn-
s‚bpw Imew. C{]-Imcw c≠v L´-ß-fn-embn hn`m-Kn-°-s∏-ń-
cn-°p-∂Xv Xncp-\-_n-bpsS c≠pX-c-Øn-ep≈ al-\o-b-KpW-
ßfpw {]Im-in-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn-´m-Wv. AXm-b-Xv, I„mcn-„-X-
I-fpsS Ah-ÿ-bn¬ shfn-s∏-tS-≠p∂ k¬Kp-W-ßƒ B L´-
Øn-epw, hnP-tbm-’h - Ø
- n-s‚ - bpw A[n-Im-ci
- ‡ - n-bp-sSbpw Ime-
L-´-Øn¬ shfn-s∏-´m-e-√msX sXfn-bmØ al-ZvKp-W-ßƒ
Bb-h-ÿ-bnepw {]Xy-£-s∏-tS-≠-Xn-\m-bn-´p-X-s∂. C{]-Imcw
c≠v hyXykvX L´-ß-fn-embn \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS
al\ob-amb [m¿Ωn-I-Kp-W-ßƒ ]co-£-W-hn-t[-b-am-hp-Ibpw
Ah ]q¿Æ-amb \ne-bn¬ {]Im-in-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-
≠v. a°m-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ ]Xn-aq∂v h¿j-°m-e-tØmfw \o≠p-
\n∂ncp∂ I„-X-I-fp-sSbpw t¢i-ß-fp-sSbpw ÿnXn-K-Xn-Iƒ
Ah[m-\-]q¿∆w ]T\w sNøp-∂-Xm-bm¬, kXy-`-‡-cmb kn≤-
]p-cp-j-∑m¿ I„m-\p-`-h-Im-eØv {]Im-in-∏n-®n-cp∂ kI-e-
[m¿Ωn-I-Kp-W-ßfpw F{Xbpw al-Ø-c-amb \ne-bn¬ Xncp-\-
_n-(k) Pohn-®p-Im-Wn-®n-´p-s≠∂v {]kv]„ - a - m-Ip-∂X
- mWv. ssZh-
Øn-ep≈ Ak-µn-Kv≤-amb hnizm-khpw {]Xym-ibpw A£-
aX {]Z¿in-∏n-°mØ ZrV-a-\-kvI-Xbpw I¿Ø-hy-\n-jvTbpw
ÿntcm- ’ m- l hpw \n¿`- b - X bpw F∂p- t h≠ kI- e - h n[
D¬°r„ KpW-ßfpw \nc-Xn-i-b-amw-hn[w Xncp-\-_n-bpsS Pohn-
XØn¬ {]Xn-^-en-®p-Im-WpI \nanØw A]-lr-X-Nn-Ø-cmb
Ahn-izm-kn-Iƒ, ssZh-Øn¬ ]cn-]q¿Æ-amb A\p-c‡n e`n®
Hcp Znhym-flm-hn-\-√msX CØcw ]co-£m-L-´-Øn¬ ÿnc-\n-
jvTbpw kl-\-io-ehpw ]men-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-s√∂v t_m[n-

°p-Ibpw km£yw hln-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I-bp-≠m-bn.
CXn-s\-Øp-S¿∂v Xncp-\_
- n-bpsS Pohn-XØ- nse c≠m-asØ
hi-amb hnP-b-Øn-s‚bpw A[n-Im-c-i-‡n-bp-sSbpw sFiz-cy-
Øn-s‚bpw Ime-L´w Bcw-`n-®p. Cu Ime-ØmWv Xncp-ta-\n-
bpsS at\m-[¿Ω-ß-fpsS adp-hiw AXm-b-Xv, A\ym-Zr-i-amb
£am-Kp-Ww, \nkvXp-e-amb HuZm-cyw, A\-\y-km-[m-c-W-amb
[otcm-Zm-ØX XpS-ßnb «mLy-ß-fmb t{ijvT-Kp-W-ßƒ
]q¿Æ-ambpw {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-b-Xv. Cu al-ZvKp-W-ßƒ
shfn-s∏-´p-Im-WpI \nanØw Ahn-izm-kn-If - n¬ ]ecpw Ckvemw-
a-X-Øn¬ hniz-kn-®p. \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n, Xs∂ \nc-¥cw
]oUn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂-h¿°v £an-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw Xs∂
kztZ-i-Øp-\n∂pw \njvIm-k\w sNbvX-h¿°v A`bw \evIp-
Ibpw Ah-cn-ep≈ ]mh-s∏-´-hsc [\m-Vy-cm-°p-Ibpw X\n°v
F¥pw sNøp-hm≥ Ign-bp-am-dp≈ Xc-Øn¬ Xs‚ i‡n-°-[o-
\-cm-bn-Øo¿∂ _≤-ssh-cn-Isf in£n-°msX A\p-{K-ln-®-
b-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. B alm-flm-hns‚ CuZr-i-ß-fmb k¬Kp-
W-ß-fm¬ hio-Ir-X-cmb P\-k-©-b-ßƒ, ssZh-\n-bp-‡-\mb
Hcp kXy-]p-cp-j-\-√msX CØcw al-ZvKp-W-ßƒ Hcn-°epw
{]Z¿in-∏n-°m≥ km[n-°p-I-bn-s√∂v km£yw hln-°p-I-bp-
≠m-bn. C°m-c-W-Øm-em-Wv, i{Xp-°ƒ°v \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-
\n-bpsS t]cn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ ]g-°w-sN∂ hntZzjw kvt\l-
ambn cq]-¥-c-s∏-´-Xv.
bYm¿∞ ]cn-XymKw
]pWym-flm-hmb Xncp-\-_n(-k) kzPo-hn-X-Øn¬ {]Xn-^-
en-∏n-®n-´p≈ D¬°r„ KpW-ß-fn¬ H∂n-s\-°p-dn®v hnip-≤-
Jp¿-B≥ Cßs\ ]d-bp∂p:
""Ah-tcmSv ]d-bpI:
Fs‚ \a-kvIm-chpw Fs‚ XymKhpw Fs‚ Pohn-Xhpw
Fs‚ ac-Whpw ssZh-am¿§-Øn-es{X'' (6:163).
AXm-b-Xv, ssZh-Øns‚ alØzw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\p
th≠nbpw Ahs‚ kr„n-I-fmb a\p-jy¿°v kza-c-Ww-hgn Hcp
PohnXw kn≤n-°p-amdv t£aw hcp-Øp-∂X - n-\p-th-≠nbpw Xs∂.

Chn-sS, ssZh-am¿§-Ønepw a\p-jy-cpsS t£am-`n-hr-≤n-°p-th-
≠n-bp-ap≈ acWw F∂p ]d-™-Xns‚ Xm¬]-cyw, Xncp-\-_n
(k) A⁄- s c- t ∏m- s etbm NnØ- { `- a n- I - s f- t ∏m- s etbm
X∂Øm≥ sIm√p-∂-Xp-aqew a‰p-≈-h¿°v t£aw hcp-Øn-
Øo¿°m-sa∂ anYym-t_m-[-Øm¬ Bfl-l-Xybv°v Hcp-sº-ń-
cp-∂p-sh-∂m-sW∂v Bcpw sX‰p-[-cn-t°-≠. Xncp-\-_n-bm-I-s´,
CØcw _p≤n-iq-\y-amb {]hr-Ønsb ITn-\-ambn shdp-°p-I-
bmWv sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xv. Bfl-lXy sNøp-∂-hs\ hnip-≤-Jp¿-
B≥ alm-]m-X-Inbpw in£m¿l-\p-ambn KWn-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-
Wv. AXp ]d-bp∂p: ""\nßƒ
Bfl-lXy sNø-cpXv; kz¥w ssII-fm¬ \nßƒ \nß-sf-
Øs∂ \mi-Øn-em-°m-Xn-cn-°p-hn≥'' (2:196). F∂m¬, Jmen-
Zn\v hb-dp-I-Sn-bm-b-Xp-sIm≠v Zb-tXm∂n kbvZv Xs‚ Xe-X-
√n-s∏m-fn-°p-∂-Xm-bm¬ Jmen-Zns‚ thZ\ ian-°p-∂-X-s√∂pw
AØcw {]hrØn hnth-I-iq-\y-X-bpsS ê-am-sW-∂p-ap-≈Xv
kv]„-am-b-Xm-W-t√m. kbvZv Xs‚ DØ-amw-KsØ £X-s∏-Sp-
Øp-∂-Xn\p ]Icw Jmen-Zns\ th≠-t]mse ip{iq-jn-°p-Ibpw
acp∂p tkhn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXm-bn-cn°pw
{]tbm-P-\-I-c-am-bn-cn-°p-I. Npcp-°-Øn¬, ssZh-am¿§-Ønepw
a\p-jy-cpsS t£a-Øn-\pw t- h-≠n-bp-ap≈ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS acWw
F∂-Xp-sIm≠v hnh-£n-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xv, a\p-jysc k¿∆-
hn[ A\p-Nn-X-_-‘-ß-fn¬\n∂pw tamNn-∏n®v Ah¿°v t£aw
hcp-Øp-∂-Xn-\m-bvs°m≠v Poh≥ A¿∏n-°p-Ibpw {]m¿∞-\-
bmepw XØz-{]-t_m-[\waqehpw bp‡n-]q¿∆-amb D]m-bw-h-
gn-bmbpw Ahsc D≤-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v bXv\n-°p-Ibpw AXn-te°v
Ah-cn-¬\n∂p≈ D]-{Z-hß - fpw t{Zml-ßfpw £am-]q¿∆w kln-
°p-Ibpw Xs‚ k¿∆-kpJ-t£-am-Zn-Ifpw _en-I-gn-∏n-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXp-sIm≠v Xncp-\-_n(-k) sNbvX ]cn-Xym-K-am-Ip-∂p. Cu
al-\o-b-Xym-KsØ kqNn-∏n®p hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ Xncp-ta-\nsb
kwt_m-[\w sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-ß-s\-bmWv:
z ""P\-ßƒ kXy-Øn¬
hniz-kn-°m-Ø-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v hnNm-cn®pw Ah¿°p-th≠n ITn-
\-{]-bXv\w sNbvXpw \o \ns‚ PohnXw \in-∏n-t®-°ptam''

(26:4). ho≠pw ]d- b p∂p:
""kXyw kzoI-cn-°mØ P\-sØ-s®m√n ZpxJn®p \o \ns‚
Pohs\ \in-∏n-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I' (35:9). AXn-\m¬, P\-ßƒ°p-
th≠n Bfl-XymKw hcn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ \ymb-amb am¿§w, Ah-
cpsS t£am-`n-hr-≤n-°mbn {]Ir-Xy-\p-kr-Xhpw {]tbm-P-\-I-c-
hp-amb DØ-tam-]m-b-ß-f-h-ew-_n®p ]cn-{i-an-°p-∂-Xn\p Pohn-
Xm¿∏Ww sNøp-Ibpw X∑m¿§-Øn¬ h∂p-tN-cm-hp∂ ITn-\-
X-c-ß-fmb {]Xn-_-‘-ßfpw t¢i-ßfpw \n›-©-e-ambn t\cn-
Sp-Ibpw sNøp-I-sb-∂-Xm-Ip-∂p. F∂√msX, P\-ßƒ `b-¶-c-
amb B]-Øntem A[¿Ω-Iq-]Ø - ntem AI-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂X - mbn
I≠m-¬ kz¥w Xe X√n-s∏m-fn-°p-Itbm hnjw `£n®p kzbw
\miw hcn-°p-Itbm sNøp-I-b√. Xs‚ Cu Ahn-th-Iw-aqew
A[¿Ω-Øn¬s∏-´p-ge - p-∂h
- ¿°v tamN\w {]m]n-°p-am-dm-Ip-sa∂v
Bsc-¶nepw hnNm-cn®v Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-∂p-s≠-¶n¬ AXv ]c-am-
_-≤-am-Wv; _p≤n-iq-\y-X-bm-Wv. Pohn-X-Øn¬ t\cn-Sp∂ I„-
X-Ifpw ZpxJ-ßfpw kln-°m-\m-hm-Ø-Xn-\m¬ Bfl-l-Xybv°v
Hcp-sº-Sp-∂-h¿ tIhew òcp-°-fm-Wv. CØcw Bfl-l-Xysb
]n¬°m-eØv Fß-s\-sbms° hymJym-\n®p XpS-ßn-bmepw
AXv Ahn-th-I-Øns‚ êhpw hnth-In-Iƒ shdp-°p∂ òcp-
Xbpw am{Xam-sW-∂Xv \n-tµl-as-{X.
Hcm-fpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ Acn-„-X-bp-sSbpw I„-X-bp-sSbpw
Ime-sa-∂t- ]mse A[n-Im-ci- ‡
- n-bp-sSbpw sFiz-cy-Øn-s‚bpw
Imehpw h∂p-tN¿∂-√msX Abm-fpsS bYm¿∞-amb kz`m-h-
Kp-W-ßƒ sXfn-™p-Im-Wp-I-bn-√. {]Xn-Imcw sNøp-∂-Xn-\p≈
kµ¿`w e`n-°msX kZm ]oU-\-Øn\v e£o-`-hn® Hcp-hs‚
kl-\hpw A{I-a-cm-ln-Xyhpw bY¿∞-Øn¬ Ahs‚ £am-
Kp-W-ambn hnNm-cn-°m-\m-hp-∂-X-√. Imc-Ww, {]Xn-Im-c-Øn\v
Ah-kcw Inń-bm¬ Ah≥ FXn-cm-fn-tbmSv Fs¥m-s°-bmWv
sNbvXp-Iq-´pI F∂v \n›-bn-°m≥h-ø. AtX-{]-Im-cw-Xs∂
Hcp-h≥ Ai-‡\pw A\-[n-Im-cnbpw ]mh-s∏-´h - \
- p-am-bn-cn-°p∂
\ne-bn¬ A\y-cpsS ASnbpw CSnbpw kln-®p-sIm≠v Ign-
™p-Iq-Sp-Ibpw A[n-Im-c-i-‡nbpw sFiz-cym-h-ÿbpw ssIh-
cm-sX-Xs∂ ac-W-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xm-bm¬ Ahs‚ kz`m-

h-Kp-W-ßƒ \n¿Æ-bn-°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-I-bn-√. Ah≥ Hcn-
°epw AS¿°- f - Ø n¬ Imep- s h- ° m- Ø - ] £w Ahs‚
ss[cytam òcp-Xtbm sXfn-bp-I-bn-s√∂v am{X-a√ Ahs‚
at\m-[¿Ω-sØ-°p-dn®v \ap°v H∂pw ]d-bm-\m-hp-I-bn-√. Cß-
s\, hnh-n[-ß-fmb Ah-ÿm-hn-]-cy-b-ßƒ Hcp-hs‚ Pohn-X-
Øn¬ t\cn-´m-e-√msX Ahs‚ k¬Kp-W-ßsf kw_-‘n®v
\n¿Æ-bn®p ]d-bm-\m-hp-I-bn-√. Ah≥ {]Xn-tbm-Kn-I-fp-sS-ta¬
hnP-bw-{]m-]n-®m¬ Ah-tcmSv Fßs\ h¿Øn-°p-sa∂pw [\m-
Vy-\m-bn-Øo-cp-∂] - £w Zcn-{Z¿°pw AK-Xn-Iƒ°pw Zm\-[¿Ωw
sNøptam AtXm [\-sa√mw sIń-∏qń kq£n-°ptam F∂pw
t]m¿°-f-Øn¬ Cd-tß-≠n-h-cp-∂-Xm-bm¬ ]rjvTw Xncn®p
]m™p-I-f-bptam AtXm [oc-s\-t∏mse \n¿`bw t]mcm-Sptam
F∂pw {]kvXpX Ah-ÿm-¥-c-ßfpsS A`m-h-Øn¬ \ap°v
\n¿Æ-bn-°m-hp-∂-X√. F∂m¬, ssZh-Øns‚ {]tXyI Ir]m-
I-Sm-£Øm¬ \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n°v t{ijvT-amb kIe
[m¿Ωn-I-Kp-W-ßfpw kzPo-hn-X-Øn¬ {]Xn-^-en-∏n®p ImWn-
°p-hm-\p≈ ku`mKyw kn≤n-®n-´p-≠v. Cß-s\, Ncn-{X-Øns‚
GSp- I - f n- s e- ß pw, ImWp- h m≥ km[n- ° m- Ø - h n- [ - Ø n- e p≈
\nkvXp-e-amb HuZm-cyw, [otcm-Zm-Ø-X, kl-\w, £a, \oXn-
\njvT apX-emb KpW-ß-sf√mw Xncp-\-_n-bpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬
]q¿Æ-ambpw sXfn-™p-Im-Wmw. Ai-‡n-bp-sSbpw i‡n-{]-
`m- h - Ø n- s ‚bpw Zmcn- { Zy- Ø n- s ‚bpw sFiz- c y- Ø n- s ‚bpw
Ahÿm-¥-c-ß-fn-se√mw Xm≥ D¬°r-„amb [m¿Ωn-I-Kp-W-
ß-fp-sSbpw at\m-[¿Ω-ß-fp-sSbpw \nd-∏m-{X-am-sW∂v Xncp-\-
_n(-k) temI-Øn\v ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-Øn-´-p≠v. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS
`mkp-c-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ {]Xn-^-en®p ImWm-Ø-Xmbn temI-Øn¬
Hcp am\p-jy-]q¿Æ-Xbpw aln-XK - p-Whpw Cs√-∂p-Xs∂ ]d-bmw.
Ckvem-anI bp≤w
F∂m¬, \nc- ] - c m- [ n- I - f mb apkv e nw- I - f psS t\¿°v
A\n¿hm-Ny-amb Xc-Øn-ep≈ A{I-ahpw A\ym-bhpw {]h¿Øn-
°p-Ibpw Ctßb‰w Ah-cn¬ At\-Isc \n¿±bw h[n-°p-
Ibpw Ckv e mw [¿ΩsØ \n¿Ωqew \in- ∏ n- ° p- ∂ - X n\v
Al¿∂niw {]b-Xv\n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX Zp„-cmb i{Xp-°sf
in£n-°msX hn´p-I-f-™n-ń-s√-∂Xv hmkvX-h-am-Wv. Aß-s\-

bp≈ \njvTq-c-∑msc in£ IqSmsX hn´-b-°p-I-sb-∂Xv Ah-
cpsS ]mZ-ßƒ°-Sn-bn¬ a¿±-\-ß-tf‰p \in-®p-sIm-≈phm≥
kXy-`-‡sc Gev]n-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\v Xpey-am-Ip-∂p. \_n
(k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS A\p-⁄-{]-Imcw apkvenw-Iƒ \S-Ønb
bp≤-sam∂pw CX-c-∑msc sIms∂m-Sp-°p-hm-\m-bn-´m-bn-cp-∂n-√.
inem-lr-Z-b-cmb i{Xp-°ƒ Xncp-\-_n-sbbpw kl-N-c-scbpw
kztZ-i-Øp-\n∂v \njvIm-k\w sNøp-Ibpw \nc-]-cm-[n-I-fmb
H´p-h-fsc apkvenw-Isf kv{Xo ]pcp-j-t`Zw IqSmsX \njvI-
cpWw h[n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. C{X-bp-a√ - , Ckvemw-
a-X-Øns‚ ]T-\-]m-T-\-ßƒ \nt»jw XS-bp-∂-Xn\pw Aßs\
Ckvem-ans\ thtcmsS ]dn-s®-dn-bp-∂-Xn-\pw-th≠n Ah¿
apkvenw-I-fpsS t\¿°v ]Sbpw sIm≠v ]pd-s∏-Sp-I-IqSn sNbvXn-
cp-∂p. C{]-Imcw a¿±-\-ßƒ°v e£o-`-hn-®n-cp∂ t{Zmln-X-I-
£nsb c£n-t°-≠-Xn\v kXy-kw-c-£-I-\mb ssZhw C—n-
°pI \nanØw JUvK-]m-Wn-I-fm-bn-h∂ BX-Xm-bn-Isf JUvK-
Øm¬ FXn¿°p-hm≥ A\p⁄ \evI-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn. Npcp-
°-Øn¬, kXy-`‡ - c - mb B kam-[m-t\-—p-°sf D∑q-e\w sNøp-
∂-Xn\v ]S-bpw-sIm-≠p-h-∂-h¿s°-Xn-cn-emWv Xncp-\-_n(-k)
bp≤-ßƒ \bn-°p-I-bp-≠m-b-Xv. Cß-s\-bp≈ B]¬k-‘n-
I-fn¬ Bfl-c£ - m¿∞w Bbp-[s - a-Sp-Øp-sIm-≈p-hm≥ Ckvemw
A\p-h-Zn-®n-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬, kv{XoIfpw Ipń-I-fp-apƒs∏sS
Bbn-c-°-W-°n¬ \nc-]-cm-[n-Iƒ h[n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw HSp°w
Ckvemw apf-bnte \in-®p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂p.
ssZt{]m-‡a - mb aX-Øn¬ i{Xp-°f - psS A{I-aW
- sØ XSp-
°p-∂-Xnt\m A]-cm-[n-Isf in£n-°p-∂-Xnt\m Hcp \nb-a-
\n¿t±-i-hp-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°-cp-sX∂pw ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\lhpw
Icp-Wbpw Ft∏mgpw kuayhpw im¥-hp-amb cq]-Øn-e√msX
{]I-Sn-X-am-hp-∂-X-s√∂pw Bt£-]-\n-cq-]-I-∑m¿ [cn-®p-h-im-
bn-cn-°p-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ k¿t∆m-Øa KpW-ßƒ kuay-Xbpw
im¥-Xbpw am{X-amsW∂v k¶-ev]n-°p-∂-Xp-aqew Xßƒ
ssZhsØ icn-bmb \ne-bn¬ hµn-°p-I-bm-sW-∂mWv Ah¿
hnNm-cn-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬, Ah-cpsS Cu [mcW A_-≤-P-Un-
e-am-sW∂v Nn¥n-°p-∂-h¿°v A\m-bm-tk\ hy‡-am-Ip-∂-Xm-
Wv. ssZhn-I-amb {]Ir-Xn-\n-b-asØ \nco-£Ww sNøp-∂-Xm-

bm¬ ssZhw Icp-Wm-a-b-\m-sW∂v ImWm-hp-∂-{]-Im-cw-Xs∂
Ahs‚ ImcpWyw Ft∏mgpw Htc-\n-e-bn¬ im¥hpw arZp-e-
hp-am-b-cq-]-Øn-e√ shfn-s∏-Sp-∂-sX∂pw ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
k¿∆-h-’-e-\mb Ah≥ sshZy-hn-im-c-Z-s\-t∏mse Nne-t∏mƒ
cpNn-{]-Z-amb a[p-c-]m-\obw \evIp-∂Xpw a‰p-Nn-e-t∏mƒ Acp-
Nn-I-c-amb Xn‡-I-jmbw IpSn-∏n-°p-∂Xpw Xs‚ Imcp-Wym-
Xn-tcIw sIm≠p-X-s∂-bm-Wv. kzkr-„n-I-tfmSp Ah≥ Zb
ImWn-°p-∂Xv \mw \ΩpsS kz¥w tZl-tØmSv Zb ImWn-
°p∂ Xc-Øn-em-sW-∂p-Xs∂ ]d-bmw. \mtam-tcm-cp-Øcpw Ah-
\-hs‚ tZlsØ kvt\ln-°p-∂p-sh-∂p-≈Xv \nkvX¿°-am-Wv.
Bcpw kzi-co-c-Øn\v kzev]-amb thZ-\-sb-¶nepw Gev°p-∂-
Xns\ C„-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. Cß-s\-bp≈ Hcm-fl-kvt\lw \ΩpsS
k¿∆mw-K-Ønepw hym]-cn-®n-´p-≠v. Hc-h-b-h-Øn\pw lm\n-tb-
ev°p-∂-Xn\p hnk-Ω-Xn-°p-amdv \mw kI-emw-K-ßsfbpw {]nb-
s∏-Sp-∂p-s≠-¶nepw F√m-Øn-s\bpw Htc-X-c-Øn-e√ kvt\ln-
°p-Ibpw hne-a-Xn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-sX-∂p-≈Xv kv]„-am-Wv.
Pohn-tXm-t±-iy-\n¿∆-l-W-Øn\v AXy-[nIw D]-tbm-K-tbm-Ky-
amb t{ijvTm-h-b-h-ß-fn-ep≈ {]oXnbpw {i≤bpw \ΩpsS lrZ-
b-Øn¬ anI-®p-\n-ev°p-∂-Xmbn ImWmw. AtX-{]-Imcw GsX-
¶nepsamcwKtØm-Sp-am-{X-ap-≈-Xn-e-[nIw kvt\lhpw {i≤bpw
\ΩpsS F√m Ah-b-h-ß-tfmSpw ka-„n-bmbn D≠m-bn-cn-°p-
∂-Xpam-Wv. X∂n-anØw \nm-c-amb Hcw-KsØ apdn-s∏-Sp-Øp-
Itbm tOZn-®p-I-f-bp-Itbm sNøp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v as‰mcp {][m-
\m-h-b-h-Øn\v c£bpw XZzmcm ico-cØn\v kuJyhpw kn≤n-
°p-sa∂v ImWp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ \mw AXns\ tOZn-®p-I-f-
bm≥t]mepw Xøm-dm-Ip-∂p-≠-t√m. At∏mƒ \ap°v at\m-th-Z-
\-bp-≠m-Ip-sa-¶nepw Aßs\ sNøm-Ø-]£w Hc-h-b-h-Øn\v
]‰nb tISp k¿∆mwKw hym]n-t®-°p-sa-∂p-≈-Xp-sIm≠v B
ikv{X-{In-bbv°v \mw k∂-≤-cm-hp-I-Xs∂ sNøp-∂p. CtX-
{]- I m- c w- X - s ∂, kXy- ` - ‡ - c mb km[p- P \w Zp„- ∑ m- c psS
ssIbm¬ \in-°m≥ t]mIp-∂-Xmbpw `qan-bn¬ hg°pw h°m-
Whpw h¿≤n-°p-∂-Xmbpw ImWp-tºmƒ Icp-Wm-a-b-\mb
ssZhw in„-kw-c£WØn\pw kam-[m\ kwÿm-]-\-Øn-\p-
am-bn-s°m≠v kµ¿t`m-Nn-X-amb D]m-b-ßƒ {]h¿Øn-°p-am-

dm-Ip-∂p. Ah≥ AKm-[-_p-≤n-am≥ IqSn-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬
Zp„-P-\-Øn\v BIm-i-Øn¬\nt∂m `qan-bn¬\nt∂m in£-Iƒ
Ab-°p-∂p. AJn-e-temI {k„m-hmbn kakvX kr„n-]-cn-]m-
e-I-\mbn k¿∆-c-£n-Xm-hmbn hmgp∂ ssZh-Øn-\t{X kIe
kvtXm{X-hpw.

Islam Math A That Hwan Jan Am

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Islam Math A That Hwan Jan Am

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CkvemwaX XØz-⁄m\w

]cn-`m-j-I≥: F≥. -lm-anZv

First Edition : 1931

{]kn-≤o-Ir-X-am-bn-´p-≠v. Xs∂-bp-a-√, Ahbv°v At\Iw ]p\x-

aptº lZvdØv AlvaZv(A) Xs‚ D]-\ymkw {]kvXpX atlm-

hnP- b - Ø ns‚ kv a mc- I - a mbn ]cn- e - k n- ° p∂ B {]h- N - \ -

Cu D]-\ymkw H∂m-a-Xmbn Cw•o-jn-emWv X¿÷a sNø-

]g-°-ap≈ B ]{X \ncq-]-W-ßfpw {]iw-km-en-Jn-X-ßfpw

`mhm¿∞-amWv sImSp-Øn-´p-≈-sX-∂Xv {]Ir-X-Øn¬ A\p-kva-

IÆq¿ F≥. lmanZv

lZvdØv an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv (A)

°p∂ \nb-a-{]-am-Whpw a\p-jys\ [m¿Ωn-I-ambpw Bﬂo-b-

ssZhhN\-Øns‚˛ Jp¿-B-s‚˛ Hcp hymJym\ kw{Klw Ic-

s{X. Ak- X yhpw [¿Ω- h n- c p- ≤ - h p- a mb kn≤m- ¥ - ß - f psS

JmZn-bm≥ an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv

B hnip≤ {KŸ-Øns‚ ]cn-[n-Iƒ°p-≈n¬ \ndp-Øn-s°m-

imco-cn-Iw, [m¿Ωn-Iw, B≤ym-flnIw

F∂m¬, a\p-jy≥ hnth-N-\-_p-≤n-bp-sSbpw ⁄m\-Øn-

t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xnt\m ]cym-]vX-am-Ip-∂n-√. Nne-t∏mƒ ico-tc-

""ssZhm-in-p-sIm≠v im¥n-{]m-]n® Bﬂm-th, \ns‚ c£n-

AXy-[n-I-ambpw Ahn-Lv\-ambpw IpØn-sbm-en®p hcp∂

C\n Cu imco-cn-Im-h-ÿ-bpsSta¬ Jp¿-Bs‚ kzm[o-\-

hhpw Zpc-`n-am-\hpw P\n-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. Cu Zr„m-¥-ß-

imco-cn-I-amb F√m {Inb-Ifpw Ahiyw \ΩpsS Bﬂo-bm-h-

ln-Iƒ°p XΩn-ep≈ KmV-amb _‘sØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-

C\n {]Ir-X-Øn-te°pXs∂ Xncn-bmw. Bﬂm-sh-∂Xp

c-Øn¬°qSnØs∂ Hcp ]p\¿P-\\w km[n-°p-∂-Xn\pw Dt±-

hm-\p≈ N´-ßfpw \n¿t±-in®psIm≠v a\p-jys\ A]-cn-jvIrX

“\n›-b-ambpw Xs‚ PohnXw ssZh-Øn-∂mbn A¿∏n-°p-Ibpw

bp-≈-h¿°v Hcp `oXn-bp-an√; Ah¿ tJZn-t°-≠n-h-cn-I-bp-an-

“]d-bpI: Fs‚ {]m¿∞-\bpw Fs‚ ]cn-Xym-Khpw Fs‚ Pohn-

“CXv Fs‚ t\¿h-gn-bm-Ip-∂p. AXn-\m¬, Fs‚ am¿§w ]n¥p-

“]d-bpI: \nßƒ ssZhsØ kvt\ln-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Fs∂

t_m-[ß -- -sfbpw ico-tc-—-I-sfbpw sshIm-cnI {]h-W-X-I-

e`n- ° p- ∂ - X n- \ m¬ tX≥ Ign- ° m- X n- c n- ° p∂t]mse- X - s ∂,

A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: “Ic-bnepw IS-enepw

hym]n-®n-cp-∂p. X∑q-ew, Ab¬ cmPy-°m-sc-√m-hcpw Ahsc

\n∂p AXn-cn-√mØ Bﬂo-bu-∂-Xy-Øn-te°pw Db¿Øn-

AXns‚ {]Ir-Xym-ep≈ ioe-ßsf A\p-k-cn-°p-∂p. hnti-

bYm¿∞ k¬Kp- W - ß - f mbn ]cn- K - W n®pIqSm. Hcp- h s‚

dn®p kzev]-sam∂p hnh-cn-°p-∂Xp AXym-h-iy-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

s{X. Nne-t∏mƒ Ah≥ t{Zmlnsb in£n-°p-hm≥ ]pd-s∏-Sp-

hyXy-kvX-ambn al-Øzm-Imw-£nbmbn h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw kXy-

" \nßƒ°v \nß-fpsS AΩ-am¿ \ntcm-[n-°s - ∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. A{]-

°mØ ]p{Xn-am-cpw˛ \nßƒ Ah-cn¬ {]th-in-®n-´n-s√-¶n¬

""\√Xpw ip≤-ap-≈-Xp-amb k¿∆hpw \nßƒ°v A\p-h-Zn-°-

""A]- c n- j v I r- X - s c- t ∏mse A\y- c psS Krl- ß - f n¬ A\p-

“X∂-Øm≥ NØXpw c‡hpw ]∂n-bn-d-®nbpw ssZhsamgn-

sI-bp-≈-h-cpsS t]cn¬ A¿∏n-°-s∏-´Xpw sR°n-s°m-√-s∏-

]Xp-°tbm B°msX CS-Ø-c-Øn-em-°p-I''(31:20).

""\nß-fpsS c£-bn-en-cn-°p∂ A\m-Y-Isf \nßƒ hnhmlw

lnµn `mj-bn¬ Cu arK-Øn\p ]d-bp∂ "kpA¿' F∂

\ntcm-[n-°-s∏-´-Xns‚ ImcWw kzbw kv]jvS-am-Ip-∂p-≠v.

1. t{Zml-]-cn-Xym-K-]cw AYhm Alnw-km-ﬂ-Iw. AXm-bXv

in£bpw AXn\p ]pdsa _‘p- ° ƒ°v am\- l m- \ nbpw

""hnizm-kn-I-tfm-Sv, Ah-cpsS ZrjvSn-Isf ]ckv{Xo Z¿i-\-

""hnhm-l-c-ln-X-amb Pohn-Xtam jﬁ-Xztam Ah-ew-_n®p

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